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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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1

McKay, Lindsey. "MATERNAL ATTRIBUTIONS FOR ADHD: PREDICTING TREATMENT CHOICES, TREATMENT ACCEPTABILITY, AND TREATMENT SATISFACTION." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07092009-104005/.

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Mothers of ADHD children were surveyed using an on-line methodology. Respondents (n = 93) were largely well-educated and Caucasian. Their children had been diagnosed for an average of 2.7 years. Maternal attributions for their child's ADHD symptoms were examined for relationships with treatment acceptability and satisfaction with behavior modification, medication, and combined treatments. Results showed that mothers tended to view their child's symptoms as being uncontrollable, changeable, and situational. Also, mothers rated medication-based treatment options as more acceptable than behavior modification alone. Medication was rated as satisfactory by a majority of participants and as more satisfactory than behavior modification. No relationship existed between maternal attributions and treatment acceptability. Higher satisfaction with academic skills interventions was associated with lower maternal attributions of behavior stability. The opposite was true for satisfaction with medication. Overall, parents were optimistic about the future of their childrens symptoms and reported satisfaction with all treatment options.
2

Dozoretz, Jeffrey Victor. "Client-treatment interaction in marital treatment interventions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185553.

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Outcome research on marital therapy has consistently demonstrated various treatment techniques to be effective. While therapies developed along affective, behavioral, or cognitive lines all have their proponents, there is no evidence to suggest that any one technique, or combination of techniques, is significantly better than any other. As a possible explanation, it was suggested that this finding of equal outcome among various marital therapy techniques might actually be an artifact of the way in which the research is conducted. Unlike in the marketplace, where couples may select a particular therapist with a particular orientation, couples taking part in a research project are randomly assigned to a particular treatment condition. If couples who are mismatched dropout of the project, results of equal outcome would be based only on data from those couples for whom the therapy they received was appropriate for their needs. This would suggest not that various marital therapy interventions are equal in the general population, but, rather, that different techniques are appropriate for different couples. In order to test this idea, 68 married couples were recruited and randomly assigned to a wait list control group, or one of two different marital treatment interventions. It was expected that, after an eight week intervention, the couples in the two intervention conditions would demonstrate significantly higher marital satisfaction ratings than those in the wait list control, but would not significantly differ from each other. This hypothesis was confirmed. Closer inspection, however, using Discriminant Function Analysis on pretest measures of affective, behavioral, and cognitive factors, suggested that different factors predicted which couples remained in each of the interventions, which differentially emphasized these factors. This was discussed as evidence that all marital therapy techniques are not created equal, but are differentially appropriate for different couples.
3

Harris, Aaron Ashby. "DUI treatment compliance, retention, and motivation for treatment /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3880.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
4

Gorske, Tad T. "Adolescents in residential treatment characteristics and treatment outcome." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=828.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 125 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-112).
5

Harvey, Norman Stewart. "Lithium treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321423.

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6

O'Hara, Colleen A. "Preferential Treatment." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1993. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/568.

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7

Cutler, Betsy. "Treatment Plan." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77474.

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There is a tradition of experimentation in fiction. From Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy to B.S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates, we see an exploration in content and delivery of story. In Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, he uses tactics such as drawings and deletion of pages. In Johnson’s The Unfortunates, he shifts control to the readers by giving them the opportunity to shuffle sections of the book. Here, as the reader, you have a choice. You can read Treatment Plan as it is arranged, or you can jumble the sections labeled with an image in any order within the dated sections. What must remain in order are the sections that begin with a date. The book is a medical-model case study fashioned in experimental fiction. The cropped images which indicate the shuffled sections were taken of two stained glass windows at Salisbury Cathedral in the United Kingdom. *Please note that Treatment Plan is meant to be read in its printed form which consists of twenty four sections, twelve of which may be shuffled within the dated sections.*
Master of Fine Arts
8

Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1951.

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9

Campbell, Nicole M. "Treatment Compliance and Post-Treatment Behavior in Adolescents Attending Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorders." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416255601.

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10

Chivonivoni, Tamuka. "Antimycobacterial treatment among children at start of antiretroviral treatment and antimycobacterial treatment after starting antiretroviral treatment among those who started antiretroviral treatment without antimycobacterial treatment at a tertiary antiretroviral paediatric clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3784_1360929496.

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Background: Although clinicians encounter antimycobacterial treatment in Human mmunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children as one of the most common treatments coadministered with antiretroviral treatment (ART), quantitative data on the extent of antimycobacterial treatment among HIV-infected children at the time of commencement of ART and at different times during ART is scarce. The baseline risk factors associated with being on both ART and antimycobacterial treatments are not known and it remains to be elucidated how the different exposure factors impact on the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival of children who begin ART without antimycobacterial treatment.Objectives: To describe the prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment among children at the time of starting ART and the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival after starting ART. Design: A retrospective cohort study based on record reviews at the Harriet Shezi children&lsquo
s clinic (HSCC).Population: HIV-infected children less than fifteen years of age presumed ART naï
ve started on ART at HSCC.Analysis: A descriptive analysis of the prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment at time of start of ART was done. Kaplan Meier (KM) survival curves were used to determine the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival and logistic regression was used to analyze the association between baseline factors and future antimycobacterial treatment among children who had no antimycobacterial treatment at time of start of ART. Results: The prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment at the time of starting ART was 518/1941 (26.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 24.7-28.7). Among children who started ART without antimycobacterial treatment, the KM cumulative probability of antiretroviral and antimycobacterial (ART/antimycobacterial) co-treatment in the first 3 months of starting ART was 4.6% (95% CI: 4.1- 5.2), in the first 12 months it was 18.1% (95% CI: 17.0-19.2) and in the first 24 months of starting ART it was 24% (95% CI: 21.9-25.1). Survival analysis suggested that children with high baseline viral load, advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage of disease, very low normalized weight for age (waz) and very young age (less than one year) at start of ART had significantly reduced antimycobacterial treatment-free survival (log rank p <
0.05) in the first two years of starting ART. In the logistic regression model, age less than one year {Odds ratio (OR): 3.7 (95% CI: 2.2-6.0
p <
0.0001)} and very low weight for age Z-score (waz <
-3) {OR
2.2 (95% CI: 1.4-3.6
p = 0.0015)} were the two critical risk factors independently associated with future antimycobacterial treatment. Conclusions: Antimycobacterial treatment is extremely common among HIV-infected children at the time of starting ART and early after starting ART and the incremental risk of being on ART/antimycobacterial co-treatment decreases with time on ART. The results emphasize the need for a heightened and careful alertness for mycobacterial events especially among children starting ART with severe malnutrition and those who start ART at age less than one year. The results further suggest that it is probably optimal to start ART in children before their nutritional status has deteriorated severely in the course of the HIV disease so that they get protection against mycobacterial events by early ART.

11

Byrne, Sheila M. "Treatment efficacy of a juvenile sexual offender treatment program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0031/MQ47442.pdf.

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12

Elhaj, Ahmed Mohammed. "Breast conservation treatment at Groote Schuur Hospital : treatment outcome." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2848.

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13

Gerber, Christine N. "Assessing family treatment in alcoholism and chemical dependence treatment /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011222351.

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14

Mörtberg, Ewa. "Treatment of social phobia : development of a method and comparison of treatments /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-726-X/.

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15

McLean, Robert C. (Robert Charles). "Honduras wastewater treatment : chemically enhanced primary treatment and sustainable secondary treatment technologies for use with Imhoff tanks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52759.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
(cont.) However, it is doubtful the costs associated with dosages required to achieve these removals are sustainable for communities such as Las Vegas. To address these deficiencies further sustainable practices for optimizing the Imhoff tanks as well as designs for both pre-treatment and secondary treatment options appropriate for use in Honduras were developed. The recommended system allows achievement of regulatory effluent levels while maintaining low annual operating costs for the system.
Wastewater treatment within Honduras is indicative of the state of water and sanitation services throughout the developing portions of Central America. One technology which comprises approximately 40 percent of all treatment facilities within Honduras is the Imhoff tank. First patented in 1906 the Imhoff tank has long been out of favor within the developed world as newer technologies and large centralized processing of wastewater have developed. Nevertheless, Imhoff tanks remain appropriate primary treatment technology for decentralized facilities like those found throughout Honduras. A large number of Honduras' systems have fallen into various states of disrepair due to neglect through lack of proper maintenance. One system within the municipality of Las Vegas, Honduras was examined extensively to determine the appropriateness of rehabilitating these systems utilizing various enhancement technologies. Water quality measurements were obtained for the Las Vegas system, which was found to be providing only negligible removals of wastewater constituents. Two large factors figuring into this are: measured flow rates were approximately 50 percent higher than originally anticipated in design and routine maintenance on the system has been neglected. Utilizing chemically enhanced primary treatment with ferric chloride as a coagulant, it was possible to increase removal efficiencies and achieve regulatory effluent standards for chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and pH, despite the high flows.
by Robert C. McLean.
M.Eng.
16

Bengtzboe, Lina, and Stina Öskog. "Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis: Treatment Results -a pilot study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Tandläkarutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-97911.

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Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease and one of the treatment methods involves surgical debridement of the infected area. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate treatment outcome after surgical treatment of peri-implantitis in humans. Outcome measures were reduction in pocket probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing and/or suppuration (BOP/Sup). Eight patients, with a total amount of 28 implants, who were diagnosed with peri-implantitis were surgically treated with a non regenerative surgical method including debridement and removal of granulation tissue combined with osteoplasty. Oral hygiene instructions were given and after 6 to 18 months a clinical re-examination was performed by two dental students at Umeå University. PPD and BOP/Sup data at the re-examination were retrospectively compared to baseline data. The results of the study showed a reduction in mean PPD and BOP/Sup after surgery at patient level. A significant reduction in mean PPD was shown (p <0.05), while the reduction in BOP/Sup was not significant. At patient level, the mean reduction in mean PPD was 1.6 mm and in BOP/Sup 26%. Results varied among patients, suggesting that treatment outcome is influenced by several different factors. Tendencies that risk factors such as smoking and poor oral hygiene may have affected the treatment result were noted. In conclusion, our study shows that surgical therapy may be a beneficial treatment method for peri-implantitis in terms of reduction of PPD and BOP/Sup.
17

Letshwenyo, Moatlhodi Wise. "Phosphorus removal in passive treatment technologies for tertiary wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8503.

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The treatment of phosphorus at small sewage works requires alternative approaches to the traditional chemical precipitation and biological removal pathways, as such approaches do not align well to the requirements at such a scale in relation to the use of chemicals, increased energy demands and/or increased sludge production. At small sewage works, constructed wetlands are often used as a tertiary treatment for solid removal and some associated biological degradation. The current work aims to assess the potential to upgrade such systems for phosphorus removal by replacing the traditional media with a reactive alternative. This was accomplished through a series of laboratory and pilot trials to establish the most appropriate media and understand the underlying mechanisms. Determination of key properties, such as retention capacity, mechanical strength and regeneration potential, identified steel slag and phosfate™ as media that were suitable for in depth investigation. Both were shown to be effective at phosphorus removal if sufficient contact time was provided such that 1 mg L- 1 effluent concentrations was achieved when an empty bed contact time of 48 hours was used. A detailed investigation of the media revealed that steel slag worked through a two-step process where initially calcium was dissolved into the water from the surface of the media and then precipitated with the phosphorus to form calcium phosphate. The presence of alkalinity in steel slag bed inhibited the precipitation of phosphorus through calcium, as carbonates were precipitated instead. There was also a risk associated with the leachability of aluminum and flushing of retained phosphorus during the treatment of wastewater with very low phosphorus concentrations from the bed. In the case of Phosfate™ , the binding agent resulted in very high effluent pH and the formation of colloidal phosphates that needed to be filtered out to enable low effluent phosphorus concentrations to be achieved. The results indicated that both media have the potential to remove phosphorus from tertiary effluents, but the issues of leachability of aluminum from steel slag bed and the release of retained phosphorus should be investigated further before full scale trials. The colloidal phosphorus observed escaping effluent from phosfate™ bed and that the elevated effluent pH should be solved before full scale trials.
18

Clark, Christine Mary. "Treatment pathways and economic analysis of treatment for severe psoriasis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4921/.

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Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that affects up to 2% of the UK population. The clinical presentation ranges from mild disease to extensive, severe disease that causes considerable discomfort and distress. Severe disease usually requires photochemotherapy or systemic treatment. Information about the effectiveness, safety and costs of the different treatments is required to enable dermatologists to formulate evidence-based treatment guidelines. Systematic reviews of the four main treatment modalities for moderate-severe psoriasis (cyclosporin, methotrexate, systemic retinoids and photochemotherapy) were performed. Randomised controlled trials were located systematically by electronic searching, hand searching and personal communications. Data on trial characteristics and outcomes were extracted and tabulated. Where possible data were pooled to give summary effect sizes as odds ratios, rate differences or numbers needed to treat (NNTs). Firm RCf evidence of efficacy was found for cyclosporin, oral ret.inoids, particularly in combination with PUV A, phototherapy, photochemotherapy and for combinations of topical calcipotriol or steroids with phototherapy. The corresponding NNTs were low, indicating high levels of efficacy. RCI' evidence of efficacy is lacking for methotrexate. Two observational studies of patients attending the Psoriasis Specialty Clinic were performed. The first was a crosssectional study that used data in existing disease assessment docwnentation to identify the characteristics of a group of 256 patients. The second was a longitudinal study that followed the treatment pathways of 166 patients in the first group. These studies confirmed that this group of patients and their treatments were comparable with those described in the literature. An economic analysis was performed, using a previously published decisionanalytic model, to compare four treatment strategies for severe psoriasis from the health service perspective. The results (cost-effectiveness ratios) showed that methotrexate was the most cost-effective primary treatment followed by cyc1osporin, acitretin and PUV A. The rank order was not sensitive to changes in response rates. Modifications to the decision analytic model are proposed including a wider array of pathways and an allowance for adverse effects of treatment. Future analyses should include narrowband UVB alone as a primary treatment.
19

Jansson, Rebecka. "ERIKSBERGSGÅRDEN’S EATING DISORDER TREATMENT UNIT: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68114.

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Introduction: Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders that often require specialized care. Associated psychiatric comorbidity is frequent, with the most common comorbid conditions being anxiety and mood disorders. Eriksbergsgården in Örebro is one of Sweden’s specialized eating disorder treatment units.Aim: Primary aims were to describe clinical characteristics of the adult patient group at Eriksbergsgården and to evaluate treatment outcome and patient satisfaction at the one-year follow-up. An additional aim was to examine if factors such as psychiatric comorbidity affected treatment outcome.Methods: This study used data from Riksät and Stepwise, two large-scale Swedish registers for eating disorder treatment. Data for this study was registered into Stepwise and Riksät at Eriksbergsgården between August 2010 and December 2017 and 489 adult patients of both genders constituted the study group. Patient characteristics and DSM-IV axis I psychiatric comorbidity were assessed at the initial evaluation. At the one-year follow-up, treatment outcome and patient satisfaction were evaluated.Results: The most common diagnoses in this patient material were eating disorder not otherwise specified, 56.6 %, followed by bulimia nervosa, 26.4 %. At the initial evaluation, 62.0 % of the patients suffered from psychiatric comorbidity. Of the patients with initial comorbidity, 43.3 % were recovered at the one-year follow-up, compared to 62.8 % of the patients with no initial comorbidity, p=0.021.Conclusion: Our results confirm the previously known fact that psychiatric comorbidity among eating disorder patients is common. Also, the results identify psychiatric comorbidity as a possible factor to have negative effect on the treatment outcome.
20

Tong, Ka-keung. "Cancer Treatment Centre." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31983066.

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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes special report study entitled : Hospital planning study for the cancer treatment centre. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
21

Salokorpi, N. (Niina). "Treatment of craniosynostoses." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216546.

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Abstract This work evaluated the safety and effectiveness of operative techniques used in cranioplastic surgery and outcomes of these surgical methods. In study I the feasibility of endocranial fixation in frontal remodeling surgery for metopic and coronal synostosis was established. Good to excellent aesthetic results were seen in 96% of cases evaluated by a surgeon at the time of follow-up. Three patients out of 27 had complications requiring revisions. No mortality or permanent morbidity, nor complications related to endocranial placement of the plates were seen. Thus it was verified that placing resorbable material intracranially reduces the aesthetic impact without hindering the final result. Study II found that posterior cranial vault distraction procedures produced a mean increase of 25% in intracranial volume. This proved to be an effective technique for treating a variety of craniosynostosis with significant shortage of intracranial volume. 3D photogrammetric imaging was found to be a suitable non-ionizing method for evaluation of cranial volume increase following distraction. In study III a new tool was developed and successfully used for the intraoperative guidance of distractor device placement to ensure congruent vectors and thus reduced complications of these surgical procedures. In study IV long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes of the surgical treatment for sagittal synostoses in patients reaching adulthood was examined. The mean follow-up time was 26.5 years and the patients were 18 to 41 years old at the time of follow-up. The patients treated for sagittal synostosis were equally satisfied with their facial appearance as were their age and gender matched controls. Independent panels found patients’ appearance to be slightly less attractive, but the difference was less than 10 mm on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale, representing a low clinical significance. Patients’ socioeconomic situation such as education, housing, employment and marital status equaled controls with similar frequencies of headaches, mental problems or health issues as the controls
Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kallon saumojen ennenaikaisen luutumisen (kraniosynostoosi) leikkausmenetelmien tehokkuutta ja turvallisuutta sekä pitkäaikaisia tuloksia. Leikkausmenetelmä, jossa epämuotoinen kallo uudelleenmuotoillaan ja luiset osat kiinnitetään toisiinsa kallon sisäpuolelle asennettavilla ja kudokseen hajoavilla levyillä oli tehokas ja luotettava (N=27). Jälkitarkastuksessa tulos arvioitiin erinomaiseksi tai hyväksi 96 %:lla tapauksista. Leikkaushoitoa vaativia ongelmia tai komplikaatioita esiintyi kolmella, mutta pysyvää haittaa ei jäänyt. Komplikaatiot eivät johtuneet levyjen sijainnista kallon sisällä. Saumojen ennenaikaisesta luutumisesta johtuvaa kallon tilavuuden alenemaa hoidettiin venytyshoidolla (N=30). Menetelmällä saavutettiin keskimäärin 25 %:n lisääntyminen tilavuudessa, ja se soveltuukin erityisen hyvin potilaille, joilla tarvitaan suuri tilavuuden lisääntyminen. Leikkaustekniikkaan ei liittynyt isoja komplikaatioita. Tulosta arvioitiin osalla potilaista kolmiulotteisella valokuvauksella, joka perinteisistä seurantamenetelmistä poiketen ei altista ionisoivalle säteilylle, ja se osoittautui käyttökelpoiseksi seurantamenetelmäksi. Venytyshoitoa varten kallon pintaan kiinnitettävät pidennyslaitteet tulee asettaa yhdensuuntaisesti, ja se on teknisesti haasteellista. Työssä kehitettiin kirurginen instrumentti, jolla venyttimet voidaan luotettavammin asetella samansuuntaisiksi. Uusi tekniikka ehkäisee mekaanisia ongelmia, joita muuten voisi ilmetä erisuuntaisten venyttimien välillä pidennyksen edetessä. Lapsuudessa venekallon johdosta leikattujen potilaiden (N=40) pitkäaikaiset hoitotulokset sekä selviytyminen elämässä 26.5 vuoden seuranta-ajan jälkeen olivat hyviä. Heidän taloudellinen ja sosiaalinen tilanne (koulutus, asumismuoto, työllistyminen, siviilisääty ym.) ei eronnut ikä- ja sukupuolivakioitujen vertailuhenkilöiden (N=40) tilanteesta. Yleisessä terveydentilassa, päänsärkyjen esiintymisessä ja mielenterveysongelmissa ei ollut eroa. Potilaiden tyytyväisyys omaan ulkonäköönsä oli samankaltainen kuin vertailuhenkilöillä. Ulkopuolisen asiantuntijapaneelin tekemän arvion perusteella potilaiden kasvojen ulkonäkö oli vähemmän miellyttävä kuin vertailuhenkilöillä, mutta ero oli vähäinen (<10 % ero visual analogue scale, VAS, asteikolla). Asiantuntijapaneeli teki arvionsa tietämättä onko arvioitava henkilö potilas vai vertailuhenkilö
22

Njoo, Marcellus Davy. "Treatment of vitiligo." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/57485.

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23

Tong, Ka-keung, and 唐家強. "Cancer Treatment Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983066.

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24

Brown, Richard. "Microbrachytherapy treatment planning." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30180/document.

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Une nouvelle modalité de radiothérapie, la micro-curiethérapie, est en cours de développement. Cette thérapie cible des tumeurs solides inopérables en effectuant des injections de liquide contenant des microsphères radioactives en suspension. Plusieurs injections sont nécessaires pour suffisamment irradier la zone tumorale et donc, afin d'optimiser le positionnement de ces injections, une méthode de planification de traitement nécessaire a été développée et validée au cours de cette thèse. Tout au long de ce travail, trois thèmes principaux seront discutés : • Comment réaliser la dosimétrie particulière de cette micro-curiethérapie ? • Comment effectuer la planification de traitement pour cette modalité ? • Comment optimiser le plan de traitement afin qu'il soit le plus efficace possible ? La dosimétrie en micro-curiethérapie a été réalisée en calculant la distribution de dose absorbée pour une injection. Cette distribution a été convoluée à la position des autres injections dans la tumeur pour calculer la distribution de dose absorbée dans le patient. Pour effectuer la dosimétrie spécifique dans la tumeur et les organes à risque, les histogrammes dose-volume (HDV) ont été extraits et analysés. Une fois la méthode de dosimétrie établie, nous avons développé une méthodologie de planification de traitement pour développer et optimiser le plan pour chaque patient. Pour cela, nous avons testé et comparé trois algorithmes : la méthode de Nelder-Mead, l'algorithme des abeilles et l'algorithme "Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II" (NSGA II). Nous avons montré que, grâce à l'optimisation multiobjectif, le NSGA II donne plus de liberté à l'utilisateur ; c'est pourquoi il a été utilisé par la suite. Enfin, nous avons effectué une comparaison entre les paramètres d'injection. Nous avons mis en évidence qu'entre les radio-isotopes 90Y, 166Ho, 131I and 177Lu, les injections de 90Y sont optimales. Nous avons testé des injections de 5, 10 et 20 µL et des activités initiales de 5, 10 et 20 MBq. Nous avons trouvé que des injections de 20 µL avec 20 MBq sont optimales car celles-ci permettent de minimiser le nombre d'injections requis. Cette nouvelle technologie associée aux développements réalisés dans ses travaux démontre la faisabilité, qui a pu être validée sur animal, de pouvoir injecter un liquide contenant des microsphères radioactives en suspension afin de pouvoir traiter efficacement, tout en préservant les tissus sains environnants, des tumeurs inopérables encore de mauvais pronostic aujourd'hui, mais surement mieux prises en charge dans un proche avenir
An innovative form of radiotherapy, microbrachytherapy, is under development. This therapy targets solid, inoperable tumours by performing injections of liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension. Many injections are required to sufficiently cover the tumoural volume, and so to be able to deliver the position of these injections, a method of treatment planning has been developed and validated throughout this research. Throughout this work, three main questions are addressed: • How to perform the dosimetry for microbrachytherapy? • How to perform treatment planning for this modality? • What are the optimal injection properties to deliver the most efficient treatment? Microbrachytherapy dosimetry was performed by calculating the absorbed dose distribution for an injection. This distribution was then convolved at each injection position within the tumour to calculate the patient's absorbed dose distribution. Dosimetry of the tumour and the organs at risk was performed by extracting and analysing dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Once a method of dosimetry was put in place, optimisation algorithms were developed to generate patient-specific treatment plans. For this, three algorithms were tested and compared: Nelder-Mead Simplex, the Bees algorithm and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. It was found that, thanks to its MO optimisation, the non-dominated sorting algorithm II was the most flexible, and was used preferentially. Lastly, a comparison of injection parameters was performed. It was found that between 90Y, 166Ho, 131I and 177Lu, optimal injections consisted of microspheres of 90Y. Injection volumes of 5, 10 and 20 µL and initial activities of 5, 10 and 20 MBq were tested. It was found that 20 µL injections with 20 MBq were optimal because they minimise the number of injections required. This new technology combined with developments shown in this work demonstrate the feasibility - that was validated on animals - the ability to inject liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension to efficiently treat inoperable tumours whilst protecting surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, despite still having a poor prognosis, will surely have better support in the near future
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Lund, Ulrika. "Treatment of alcoholism." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25817.

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Alkoholvården i Sverige kan vara utformad på många olika och skilda sätt. Det är ett område där det finns ett flertal olika åsikter kring vilken behandling som är lämpligast eller effektivast. Uppsatsens syfte är att titta närmare på hur diskursen kring alkoholvård kan se ut i Sverige idag genom närmare granskning av de två tidskrifterna Socionomen och Alkohol & Narkotika. Två stora tidningar inom praktiker av socialt arbete. För att uppnå syftet utgår uppsatsen från följande frågeställningar:-Vilka behandlingsmetoder för alkoholmissbruk diskuteras i tidskrifterna?-Hur problematiserar tidskrifterna kring olika behandlingsformer?-Hur lyfts för respektive nackdelar för behandlingsformerna upp?-Vad väljer tidskrifterna att lyfta fram i debatten kring alkoholvården? Som metod används kritisk diskursanalys för att synliggöra diskurserna i tidskrifterna. Analysen av tidskrifterna grundar sig på en analysmodell efter diskursanalytikern Fairclough och används främst för att synliggöra hur tidskrifterna förhåller sig till uppsatsens diskursordning. Diskursordningen som används är baserad på aktuell litteratur kring alkoholmissbruksbehandling och innefattar tre diskurser: Psykologisk, psykosocial och farmakologisk.Resultaten i uppsatsen visar att den psykosociala diskursen är dominerande i de båda tidskrifterna men att även den farmakologiska diskursen nämns. De behandlingsmetoder som tas upp är i de båda tidskrifterna kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och motiverande samtal. Vidare visa uppsatsen att Socionomen efterfrågar en mer strukturerad, organiserad och evidensbaserad alkoholbehandling i allmänhet. Alkohol & Narkotika å andra sidan ifrågasätter den formella vårdapparaten kring alkoholmissbruk och beskriver den som otillgänglig och bristfällig. Som alternativ för att högkonsumenter av alkohol ska få tidig hjälp tar tidskriften upp olika självhjälps metoder grundade på KBT och motiverade samtal.
In Sweden, the treatment of alcoholism can be shaped in many various and separate ways. The subject of area contains various opinions regarding what treatment would be the most correct or effective. The aim in this essay is to look closer at the discourse of how the treatment of alcoholism may work in Sweden today. This will be done by closer examine the magazines, Socionomen and Alkohol & Narkotika, that are large papers within the practice of social work. To achieve the aim, this essay will start out from the following questions of issue:- What methods of treatment are discussed in the two magazines?- How do the magazines questions the various treatments? - How are the advantages and disadvantages in the different treatments highlighted?- What chooses the magazines to highlight in the debate of alcohol treatment?As the method, to make the discourses in the magazines visible, a critical analyze of discourse is being used. The analyze of the magazines is based on a model of analyzing by the discourse analyzer Fairclough, and is mainly used to make the magazines relations to the essay’s system of discourse visible. The system of discourse that is being used is based on actual literature in the area of treatment of alcohol addiction and contains three different discourses: psychological, psychosocial and pharmacological.The conclusion of this essay shows that the psychosocial discourse is the dominating discourse in both of the magazines but that the pharmacological discourse also is mentioned. The methods of treatment being raised in the magazines are cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Further more the essay shows that the paper Socionomen generally asks for a more structured, organized and evidence based treatment of alcoholism. In the other hand, the magazine Alkohol & Narkotika questions the formal care unit’s treatment of alcohol abuse and describes it as inaccessible and insufficient. As an alternative this magazine highlights the methods of self- help based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing so that those that are high consumers of alcohol will get help at an earlier stage of their abuse.
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Cha, Kyungduck. "Cancer treatment optimization." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22604.

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Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Lee, Eva K.; Committee Member: Barnes, Earl; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E.; Committee Member: Johnson, Ellis; Committee Member: Monteiro, Renato D.C.
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Glissmann, Derek Christopher. "The hopeless treatment." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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28

Ramnerö, Jonas. "Behavioral Treatments of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia : Treatment Process and Determinants of Change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-404.

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The present dissertation comprises four empirical studies within the area of behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. The focus is on studying issues pertaining to outcome, treatment process and determinants of change. The first study is a randomized controlled treatment study of 73 patients undergoing 16 sessions of either exposure in vivo (E), or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Both treatments showed clear improvements at post-treatment that were well maintained at 1-year follow up, and there were no significant differences between the treatments.

The second study concerned prediction of outcome in the same sample. From a variety of pre-treatment characteristics severity of avoidance was the one most related to outcome. Most predictors were found unrelated. Two approaches of prediction were also compared: treating outcome as a categorical vs. continuous variable. The different approaches yielded a somewhat dissimilar picture of the impact of pre-treatment severity of avoidance. The third study examined different aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and their relation to outcome. Clients’ perceptions of therapists and their ratings of the working alliance were generally not related to outcome at any point. On the other hand, therapists’ perceptions of patients as showing goal-direction and active participation were related to outcome from early on in therapy. The fourth study examined different aspects of change. It was found that change in indices of the frequency of panic attacks was not closely related to change in agoraphobic avoidance at post-treatment. Change in avoidance was also more related to other aspects of outcome. At one-year follow-up, a more unitary picture, regarding the different aspects of change was observed.

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Ramnerö, Jonas. "Behavioral treatments of panic disorder with agoraphobia : treatment process and determinants of change /." Stockholm : Department of Psychology [Psykologiska institutionen], Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-404.

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30

Hallberg, Pär. "Pharmacogenomics of Antihypertensive Treatment & Clinical Pharmacological Studies of Digoxin Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5782.

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In Part I we found that the CYP2C9 genotype appears to influence the diastolic blood pressure response to the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Those with the *1/*2 genotype (slower metabolism) responded better than those with the *1/*1 genotype (normal metabolism), likely due to a slower elimination of the drug. We further found that a +9/-9 exon 1 polymorphism of the B2 bradykinin receptor gene – shown to affect mRNA expression - appears to influence the regression of left ventricular mass during therapy with irbesartan or the beta-blocker atenolol in the same patients. Subjects with the -9/-9 genotype (higher mRNA expression) had a greater regression than carriers of the +9 allele. In Part II we found that women on digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring have higher serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) as compared to men (1.54±0.04 [nmol/L±SE] vs 1.20±0.05 [nmol/L±SE], p<0.001), which could be of importance since an SDC >1.4 nmol/L has been associated with increased mortality. We further found that coadministration of P-glycoprotein inhibitors with digoxin was common (47%) among the same patients, and that the SDC increased in a stepwise fashion with the number of P-glycoprotein inhibitors (20-60%). Lastly, we found that patients admitted to Swedish coronary care units with atrial fibrillation without heart failure and who had been given digoxin had a higher 1-year mortality than those not given digoxin (RR 1.44 [95% CI 1.29-1.60], adjustment made for potential confounders). In conclusion, Part I represents a further step in the pharmacogenomic prospect of tailoring antihypertensive therapy. Part II indicates that heightened attention to the digoxin-dose is warranted in women, that there is a need for awareness about P-glycoprotein interactions with digoxin, and that long-term therapy with digoxin is an independent risk factor for death among patients with atrial fibrillation without heart failure.
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Skibinski, Bertram. "Swimming pool water treatment with conventional and alternative water treatment technologies." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233929.

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To mitigate microbial activity in swimming pools and to assure hygienic safety for bathers, pool systems have a re-circulating water system ensuring continuous water treatment and disinfection by chlorination. A major drawback associated with the use of chlorine as disinfectant is its potential to react with organic matter (OM) present in pool water to form potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBP). In this thesis, the treatment performance of different combinations of conventional and novel treatment processes was compared using a pilot scale swimming pool model that was operated under reproducible and fully controlled conditions. The quality of the pool water was determined in means of volatile DBPs and the concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Further, overall apparent reaction rates for the removal of monochloramine (MCA), a DBP found in pool water, in granular activated carbon (GAC) beds were determined using a fixed-bed reactor system operated under conditions typical for swimming pool water treatment. The reaction rates as well as the type of reaction products formed were correlated with physico-chemical properties of the tested GACs.
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Hallberg, Pär. "Pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive treatment & clinical pharmacological studies of digoxin treatment /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5782.

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Stobie, Blake. "Therapist and patient beliefs associated with OCD treatment and treatment outcome." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2009. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/therapist-and-patient-beliefs-associated-with-ocd-treatment-and-treatment-outcome(e9700445-0e37-49af-bf77-ca85ec1b0f14).html.

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34

Thompson, K. N., Ivy A. Click, R. A. Best, S. K. Thacker, and Russell W. Brown. "Acute Eticlopride Treatment Alleviates Cognitive Deficits Produced by Neonatal Quinpirole Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6408.

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This study was designed to investigate the effects of acute eticlopride (0.02 mg/kg, D2 antagonist) treatment, given immediately before training, in rats neonatally treated with quinpirole, which has been shown to produce long-term D2 receptor supersensitization. Rats were given quinpirole (1mg/kg) or saline treatment from P1-21. Beginning on P22, rats were administered eticlopride or saline (i.p.) fifteen mins before each of seven days of training. Rats were tested on the Morris water task (MWT). For the first three consecutive days, rats were tested on the place version of the MWT with a stationary platform. Animals were given 24 training trials followed by a probe trial, and swim patterns were analyzed with platform removed. The next day, animals began testing on the match-to-place version for four consecutive days and two daily trials were given with the platform moved to a new location each day. On both the search time and target visit measures of the probe trial, animals neonatally treated with quinpirole demonstrated a deficit, and eticlopride eliminated this deficit. Interestingly, animals neonatally treated with saline but given eticlopride before training also demonstrated a deficit on both measures. On the match-to-place version, the difference in latency to locate the platform between the two daily trials served as the dependent measure. Similar to the MWT place version, eticlopride treatment eliminated deficits produced by neonatal quinpirole treatment on this task, and eticlopride produced a deficit in saline controls. This study demonstrates that in a model of dopamine D2 supersensitivity, it appears that the increased sensitivity of the D2 receptor is important for cognitive function.
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Chung, Kyung Sun. "Membrane Distillation for Leachate Treatment with Fenton Pre-Coagulation Treatment Process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96701.

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Landfill leachate is considered as a complex wastewater with various organic and inorganic species which must meet strict discharge standards before its release. Due to such high concentration of diverse pollutants, leachate is low in biodegradation; therefore, a proper usage of physicochemical treatments is required. In this study, membrane distillation (MD) has been used along with Fenton treatment process for pre-coagulation to achieve an effective removal of contaminants. MD is a technology derived with vapor pressure difference across the hydrophobic membrane which traps the feed-wastewater vapor at the entrance of the hydrophobic side before permeation. In order to modify and assist in membrane technology's common drawback, which is dealing with foulants, Fenton oxidation is coupled in the leachate treatment process. Fenton is reserved to be the most effective for leachate treatment and is widely used due to its simple operation and low costs. Fenton oxidation was able to lessen the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of leachate up to 55% while increasing the conductivity and reducing the concentration of NH4-N. The membrane flux and volume had a significant increase with a use of lower COD leachate after Fenton treatment coupled with MD.
Master of Science
Landfilling has been recognized as a principal disposal process of municipal solid wastes globally over the past decades, and this disposal method has been one of the leading concerns for a continuous production of landfill leachate. Leachate is considered as a complex wastewater with a variety of organic and inorganic species which must meet strict discharge standards before its release. Due to such high concentration of diverse pollutants, leachate is low in biodegradation; therefore, a proper usage of physicochemical treatments is required. In this study, membrane distillation (MD) has been used along with Fenton treatment process for pre-coagulation to achieve an effective removal of contaminants. MD is a technology derived with vapor pressure difference across the hydrophobic membrane which traps the feed-wastewater vapor at the entrance of the hydrophobic side before permeation. MD has several advantages which include reduced operating temperature compared to conventional distillation processes, fewer requirements of membrane cleaning, and lower operating hydraulic pressure than other conventional pressure-driven membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO). This technology has a common drawback along with other membrane-required technologies which is dealing with foulants. For a reduction in membrane fouling, Fenton oxidation is coupled in the leachate treatment process. Fenton is reserved to be the most effective for leachate treatment and is widely used due to its simple operation and low costs.
36

Fallon, Mardi K. "Treatment Providers' Perceptions of Treatment Effectiveness with Female Juvenile Sex Offenders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337887017.

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Bryant, Elizabeth A. "Reflective Functioning and Treatment Alliance as Treatment Outcome Predictors of Psychoanalysis." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1596479977189954.

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Rivers, Essence O. "Adolescent Pre-Treatment Characteristics as Predictors of Substance Use Treatment Process." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1623769948155806.

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39

Bernstein, Dana N. "Treatment efficacy in a chronic pain population: Pre- to post-treatment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4670/.

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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a multidisciplinary pain management program on five measures of subjective psychosocial factors. Ninety-five participants in the comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment group and the standard medical intervention control group were surveyed about various psychosocial factors using Axis II of the West Haven - Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), pre- to post-treatment. It was hypothesized that post-treatment levels would be significantly lower than pre-treatment levels for all five psychosocial variables. Additionally, gender and ethnicity variables were examined. Based on preliminary analyses indicating pre-treatment differences between the experimental and control group, five 2 x 2 x 3 analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to examine the above hypotheses. Results indicated significant differences between the treatment conditions on measures of control, with the comprehensive group feeling more in control than the standard group at post-treatment. No other significant main effects for treatment condition were found on the measures of pain severity, interference with daily activities, negative mood, or social support. However, a significant gender main effect was found for social support at post-treatment, with females reporting more social support than males. A significant gender x ethnicity interaction was also found for post-treatment control, with African-American females exhibiting higher levels of control than the other groups. Finally, a significant gender x treatment condition was found for negative mood, with males in the comprehensive group reporting more affective distress than those in the standard group. In this study, control appeared to be an integral factor in the chronic pain sample and greatly improved with comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment; while other areas of relative efficacy were not confirmed in this population.
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Thacker, Stephanie K. "Chronic Olanzapine Treatment Eliminates Cognitive Deficits Produced by Neonatal Quinpirole Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1011.

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This study evaluated the effects of chronic olanzapine treatment on cognitive performance and neurochemical function in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Animals were neonatally treated with quinpirole, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, or saline. Quinpirole treatment produces an increase of dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity that extends into adulthood, known as D2 receptor priming, similar to a phenomenon that occurs in schizophrenia. These same rats were treated in adulthood for 28 days with olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, or saline. Dopamine D2- primed rats demonstrated significant deficits on a cognitive task that were alleviated by olanzapine treatment. Brain tissue analysis revealed that D2-primed animals demonstrated a significant decrease in the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) in the hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the frontal cortex. Olanzapine treatment alleviated the decrease in NGF. The results suggest that olanzapine eliminates cognitive impairment and may have neuroprotective properties in the hippocampus of D2-primed rats.
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Glazer, Courtney Anne, and Adrianne Marie Vance. "Process evaluation of treatment with adolescents in residential treatment foster care." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3067.

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As the number of children in foster care without a familial placement continues to grow, the child welfare system is turning towards a new placement approach called Residential Treatment Foster Care. This study performed a process evaluation of 30 Residential Treatment Foster Care facilities in Los Angeles County that explored the four characteristics of case plan design, team decision-making, therapeutic intervention, staff training, and overall treatment effectiveness with regards to the number of Absences Without Leave (AWOL) and completion of treatment plan.
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Bosek, Renata Raye. "Predictors of Treatment Outcomes of Elderly Substance Abusers in Treatment Facilites." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2248.

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Research in the late 1990s and early 2000s projected that the number of people aged 50 and older who needed treatment for illicit drug use and abuse of prescribed medications to increase from approximately 1.7 million in 2001 to approximately 4.4 million in 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine how gender, marital status, employment status, and primary referral source predicted treatment outcomes with this older population. Of interest was how these predictions could better prepare treatment providers to treat individuals born between 1946 and 1964 who are addicted to substances. This quantitative study used an archival database, the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (TEDS-D) from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. A discriminant function analysis revealed significance in the predictor variables with treatment outcomes. The second research question asked whether the criminal justice system/legal system alone, as the primary referral source, could predict treatment outcomes. A chi-square test revealed the primary referral source had a significant impact on treatment outcomes. These findings have implications for positive social change by empowering practitioners working with the older adult generation in substance abuse treatment to recognize the changing roles of retirement. These findings may, in turn, help those adults cope with physical health problems and loss of mobility, foster social supports within the community, and address the mental health problems among this population.
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Taylor, Liana. "General Responsivity and Evidence-Based Treatment: Individual and Program Predictors of Treatment Outcomes during Adolescent Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/308423.

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Criminal Justice
Ph.D.
Since it was first articulated, the Risk-Need-Responsivity model (RNR; Andrews, Bonta, & Hoge, 1990) has been extensively researched and is regarded as an empirically supported model for providing effective correctional treatment. It is comprised of three core principles: the risk principle, which provides direction for who should receive treatment; the need principle, which identifies intermediate treatment targets; and the responsivity principle, which states how treatment programs should be structured. The RNR model is purported to be relevant for all offender populations, including female offenders (Dowden & Andrews, 1999a), juvenile offenders (Dowden & Andrews, 1999b), violent offenders (Dowden & Andrews, 2000), and sexual offenders (Hanson, Bourgon, Helmus, & Hogdson, 2009). Yet, the majority of RNR research has examined the risk and need principles, and the responsivity principle remains understudied. The responsivity principle includes two sub-principles: general and specific (Andrews, & Bonta, 2010). The current research explored the general responsivity principle, which states that programs should use theoretically relevant models for individual change, specifically cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-social learning models (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). The following techniques are consistent with these models: "role-playing, modeling, repeated practice of alternative behaviors, cognitive restructuring to modify thoughts/emotions, skills building, or reinforcement" (Andrews & Bonta, 2010, p. 50). Despite empirical support, the RNR model has received minimal application to juveniles, and it has not been widely tested in the substance abuse treatment context. Additionally, it is not clear whether adherence to the RNR model is relevant for reducing substance use outcomes in youth. Adolescent substance abuse treatment programs were designed to address substance use among juveniles, and have been widely researched to determine their effectiveness; yet their effectiveness remains understudied among juvenile offenders. These studies include examinations of specific treatment interventions used, such as Multisystemic Therapy. Many of these interventions are considered to be "evidence-based treatment" (EBT), but there is a wide variety of repositories that classify interventions as "evidence-based" with varying criteria used to classify them. The juvenile drug treatment court model (JDTC) was specifically developed to address substance use and crime among juvenile offenders; however, findings from empirical studies have not demonstrated a strong treatment effect. To address these gaps in the literature, secondary analyses were conducted on data collected from 132 adolescent outpatient substance abuse treatment programs (AOPs) and 10 juvenile drug treatment courts nationwide. This research was an application of the general responsivity principle in the AOP and JDTC context to determine the impact of responsivity adherence on the odds of rearrest and substance use severity. The analyses also included an examination of evidence-based treatment (EBT) in both samples to determine the influence of EBT use scores on the odds of rearrests and substance use severity scores. To examine the AOP sample, multilevel models were used to examine the individual- and program-level impact of responsivity adherence and EBT use. To examine the JDTC sample, multivariate analyses were used to examine the individual-level impact of responsivity adherence and EBT use. Overall, responsivity adherence was not significantly associated with rearrests among AOP participants, nor was it significantly associated with substance use severity scores. Additionally, the odds of rearrest were significantly greater among individuals who received interventions with a higher EBT use score; though, there was no association between the average EBT use scores across programs and the odds of rearrest. There was no significant association between individual- and program-level EBT use scores and substance use severity. Among JDTC participants, an increase in responsivity adherence was associated with an increase in the odds of rearrest and substance use severity. A similar association emerged between EBT use scores and both outcomes, wherein increases in EBT use scores were significantly associated with an increase in the odds of rearrest and substance use severity. The results of the analyses suggest the need for further specification of both general responsivity adherence and "evidence-based" treatment for use in future research and theory; specifically, further elaboration of the general responsivity-adherent techniques and clear criteria for classifying interventions as "evidence-based treatment." The findings also imply that certain types of treatment interventions are more compatible with the JDTC model than other interventions. Additional analyses suggest the possibility that general responsivity adherence and evidence-based treatment may not be unique constructs. Future research may benefit through exploring evidence-based treatment as a criterion for adherence to the general responsivity principle.
Temple University--Theses
44

Adams, Ruby Lee. "Long term drug and alcohol treatment program: An outcome study comparing secular-based treatment with faith-based treatment for addiction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1842.

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The study was conducted to see if there is as much or more of a difference in outcome of treatment for addiction in faith-based treatment than secular-based treatment. The research was conducted using a sample of thirty-seven respondents from various sites in Southern California who volunteered to fill out the questionnaire. Data was collected using a self-administrated survey questionnaire.
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Woodward, Rana M. "Treatment of specific phobia in older adults : efficacy and barriers to treatment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19051.pdf.

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46

Schaefer, Katherine L. "Residual Symptoms after Treatment of Chronic Depression: A Comparison across Treatment Modalities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2210.

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Anastassaki-Köhler, Alkisti. "On temporomandibular disorders : Time trends, associated factors, treatment need and treatment outcome." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19842.

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During the last few decades, and especially during the 1990s, an increase in musculoskeletal pain conditions and stress-related ill-health has been observed in Sweden. At the same time, an improvement in the oral health of the population has been noted. The overall aim of this thesis was to acquire knowledge relating to possible time trends for the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the population. A further objective was to study factors that possibly influence the presence of these disorders and the outcome of their treatment. Studies I–III are based on a series of repeated cross-sectional population-based investigations. Three independent samples of 130 individuals in the age groups of 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years were randomly selected from the inhabitants of the city of Jonkoping, Sweden in 1983, 1993 and 2003. The total participation rate was 21%, 22% and 29% respectively. The participants were examined using a questionnaire, interview and a clinical examination of the stomatognathic system regarding the presence of symptoms and signs indicative of TMD. Study IV is a retrospective survey of a clinical sample of patients referred to and treated at the Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jonkoping, in 1995–2002. The overall frequencies of symptoms and the rates for some clinical signs and consequently of an estimated treatment need in adults increased during the study period. In 2003, the prevalence of frequent headache in 20-year-olds, mainly females, had markedly increased. The reports of bruxism among adults increased from 1983 to 2003. Awareness of bruxism and self-perceived health impairment were associated with TMD symptoms and signs. A favourable treatment outcome was observed for the majority of patients with common TMD sub-diagnoses and no strong predictors of treatment outcome were found. In conclusion, the results suggest some time trends towards an increased prevalence in the overall symptoms and some signs indicative of TMD in the Swedish adult population during the time period 1983–2003. A profound understanding of the social determinants of health is recommended when planning public health resources.
48

Matthiasson, Páll. "Dealing with treatment resistance to clozapine : characteristics of treatment response in schizophrenia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dealing-with-treatment-resistance-to-clozapine--characteristics-of-treatment-response-in-schizophrenia(f43c968b-8789-44e7-9161-3cab811ee429).html.

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Background: Clozapine, the treatment of choice in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, is not effective in up to half of patients. Aims of this thesis were: to verify whether clozapine augmentation with amisulpride, an atypical antipsychotic with preferential affinity at doparninergic D2-like receptors, is clinically effective; to test the prediction that changes in D2-like receptor availability might explain that improvement; to explore clinical and receptor availability characteristics of good clozapine responders. Methods: Study 1: Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia, partially or non-responsive to clozapine, had augmentation with amisulpride using an open label design. Study 2: Ten patients recruited from study 1 underwent 123I_IBZM SPET scans at baseline and after 10-12 weeks on amisulpride augmentation, to assess striatal D2-like receptor binding potential. Ten matched controls had one 123I-IBZM scan. Scanning was carried out using a Picker Prism 3000XP triple headed SPET camera. Study 3: Ten "good" responders to clozapine monotherapy were matched to patients in study 2 and had one 123I-IBZM scan. Results: Study 1: Twenty-eight subjects (85%) completed 6 months' augmentation. There was a statistically significant improvement from baseline in clinical rating scales and no change in side-effects. 71% and 32% of patients showed a 20% and 50% reduction in BPRS respectively. Study 2: Patients had mean striatal D2-like receptor occupancy of 47% at baseline, which increased with amisulpride augmentation to 59%. Study 3: Clozapine responders were on much lower doses of clozapine (331 mg/day) with lower s-clozapine levels (0.26 ng/L). Their D2-like occupancy was 45%. Conclusion: The augmentation led to substantial improvement in both positive and negative symptoms and was well tolerated. It raised D2-like binding to likely "threshold levels" for response. Some patients require both the broad receptor occupancy profile of clozapine and a higher degree of D2-like receptor occupancy than can be provided by clozapine alone.
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Thom, Elizabeth Whyte. "Alcohol treatment policy 1950-1990 : from alcohol treatment to alcohol problems management." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682245/.

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The thesis draws on historical and social policy perspectives to examine the factors influencing development and change in alcohol treatment policy between 1950 and 1990. The study uses data from primary and secondary documentation and from taped interviews. Three themes are highlighted as particularly relevant to an examination of policy trends. The first of these is the emergence and evolution of a `policy community'. Spearheaded by psychiatrists in the 1960s, the `policy community' broadened to include other professional groups and the voluntary sector by the 1990s. The second theme concerns the role of research in influencing the nature and direction of treatment policy. The study indicates increasing use of research as the rationale for policy and illustrates the move towards a `contractor' relationship between research workers and policy makers. The final theme deals with the influence on policy of ideological frames and changing conceptualisations of the alcohol problem. Two major shifts were important for treatment, the re-discovery of the disease concept of alcoholism in the 1950s and the emergence of a new public health model of alcohol problems in the 1970s. Within these broad themes, the study includes an examination of tensions - between different professional perspectives, between government departments with differing responsibilities, between different ideologies - and of moves to secure consensus in the formulation and implementation of treatment policy. The final chapter addresses shifts in thinking from the re-emergence of a `disease' model of alcoholism in the 1950s, to a `consumptionist' (population-based) model in the 1970s, towards a `harm reduction' approach to alcohol problems management in the 1990s. The thesis concludes that over the past forty years competing paradigms of the alcohol problem have emerged and gained policy salience within particular historical-social contexts in the search for policy consensus to manage the problematic aspects of alcohol consumption.
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Ricci, Ronald J. "Trauma resolution treatment as an adjunt to stand treatment for sexual offenders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27808.

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This study explored the use of adding trauma resolution therapy to standard cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention therapy for sex offenders. Ten adjudicated sex offenders with sexual abuse histories were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an adjunct to standard outpatient sex offender treatment. Data points include self-report, other-report, assessment instruments, session transcripts, research journals, and physiological measures. Systematic treatment research and development methods (Bischoff, McKeel, Moon, & Sprenkle, 1996) resulted in a proposed treatment protocol. Emergent themes from a cross-case, grounded theory data analysis are presented. The data suggests the adjunct treatment provided some benefit both to participants and to the goals of standard sex offender-specific treatment. Implications for treatment providers, marriage and family therapy, and future research are discussed.
Ph. D.
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