Dissertations / Theses: 'Treatment of tobacco dependance'

1

Hallstrom, Cosmo. "Studies on benzodiazepine dependance : with reference to the withdrawal syndrome on their cessation, use with beta-adrenergic blocking drugs and their kinetics." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235554.

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Urso, Patti P. "Augmenting tobacco cessation treatment outcomes with telephone-delivered interventions." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3075.

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Tobacco use is a serious public health problem impacting both the length and quality of life. Cigarette smoking significantly depletes American health care resources while also lowering the national state of the military readiness. In the United States, one out of every five deaths is associated with tobacco use, and many of these deaths involve a loss of 20 to 25 years of life. In light of the tremendous financial and social impacts of nicotine dependence and the limited success rates demonstrated by current interventions (the majority of cessation attempts are largely unsuccessful), an intensive approach to treatment is warranted. The purpose of this study was to examine the enhancement of a telephone-delivered intervention administered by a nurse added to a multicomponent smoking cessation program to augment abstinence and harm reduction and decrease smoking relapse. This was done by selecting a sample of sixty individuals, who were then blocked by the pharmacological aid of their choice (bupropion or transdermal patch) and then randomly assigned to one of two groups: usual care alone, as provided in the smoking cessation program, or usual care plus the weekly nurse delivered telephone intervention ("treatment" group). With the intention-ta-treat principle as the study denominator, there was no statistical significance found in the difference between point-prevalence abstinences, continuous abstinences, or the number of cigarettes smoked after ten weeks of treatment for the two groups. However, the treatment group had a higher frequency of abstinence, suggesting potential clinical value. Moods described by the participants prior to smoking relapse were correlated with the average number of days relapsed weekly, which resulted in the finding that relapse is positively strongly correlated with loneliness (r=.87) and uneasiness (r=.86). Conclusions: Although the nurse telephone delivered interventions were not shown to be statistically significant their potential clinical value warrants further investigation. Further investigation should focus on their value in sustaining abstinence by tailoring interventions to mood.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-147).
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
xii, 147 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

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3

Lindblom, Nina. "Novel pharmacological treatment alternatives for nicotine dependence /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-437-6/.

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4

Spielmann, Marchell Rene. "Tobacco Treatment Education Module for Nurses Working in the Inpatient Psychiatric Setting." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7080.

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Tobacco use among people with mental illness remain a significant problem in the western United States. At the project site, there is widespread tobacco use among patients with mental illness and lack of training for nurses to address the issue. The purpose of this project was to educate nurses working in the acute psychiatric setting about evidence-based tobacco treatment interventions. The practice-focused question addressed whether a tobacco education program would increase nurses' knowledge, confidence, and skills to provide tobacco treatment interventions to patients with a mental illness. Self-determination theory and the transtheoretical model of change provided the theoretical framework for the project. Evidence was obtained from a comprehensive literature search. The Psychiatry RX for Change education modules were used to implement the education intervention. Nine participants completed pre- and post-test knowledge-based questionnaires and the Skills and Confidence for Smoking Cessation Tool survey. Results from GraphPad t-test analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in perceived knowledge, skills, and confidence among nurses related to tobacco cessation treatment. The mean knowledge pre-test scores were 10.3 and the mean for the post-test score was 14.7. The mean on the pre-survey scores for the nine confidence questions was 16, and the mean on the postscores was 23. The mean obtained on pre-survey scores for the six skills questions was 11.0, and the mean obtained on the post-survey was 18.0. Findings support the use of tobacco education for nurses to improve tobacco treatment offered to patients. The implications of the project for positive social change are that results may be used to improve the quality of life and health outcomes for the patient population.

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Cassidy, Karma Bryan. "HEALTH SYSTEM PROCESSES, CLINICIAN ATTITUDES, AND REFERRALS TO TOBACCO TREATMENT PROGRAMS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/67.

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Assisting smokers to quit and stay quit is the most important intervention clinicians can undertake to improve the length and quality of life of patients who use tobacco. The chronic, relapsing nature of tobacco dependence complicates tobacco treatment. Tobacco treatment counseling programs provide on-going support to help patients avoid relapse. Assistance with a referral increases the likelihood that patients will participate in counseling, but few clinicians regularly assist with referrals to tobacco treatment programs. This dissertation examined health system processes and clinician attitudes that influence the likelihood that clinicians will refer their patients for tobacco treatment counseling. Three papers examined health system processes, clinician attitudes, and frequency of referrals. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate strategies to increase the frequency of clinician referrals and effects on quit rates in primary care. The most effective strategies were those that combined clinician education with integrated referral systems. Integrated referral systems include non-clinician staff and clinician and staff prompts with algorithms or protocols for referrals. The second paper reports the findings of a pilot study using qualitative methods to explore experiences and strategies used for tobacco treatment by clinician champions practicing in independent primary care practices. Tobacco champions (N = 11) described experiences counseling patients but not assistance with referrals. Themes identified were: sources of knowledge and experience, understanding dependence, role perception, and treatment strategies. The final paper reports the findings of a cross- sectional, non-experimental study to examine clinician attitudes toward counseling, health system processes that facilitate referrals, and referrals to tobacco treatment counseling. Attitudes about the efficacy of tobacco counseling and the presence of processes that facilitate referrals predicted referrals. Clinicians sampled in these studies held favorable attitudes toward tobacco treatment but lacked confidence in the efficacy of community-based counseling for tobacco treatment. These findings have implications for health care policies to improve integration of processes that facilitate referrals and clinician education that includes information about counseling resources to improve chronic care for the treatment of tobacco dependence.

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Loveday, Rachel Ellen Leonard. "Influence of Seed Treatment on Tobacco Mosaic Virus Incidence in Tobacco Seedlings and Virus Distribution in Greenhouse Transplant Production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31396.

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an economically important pathogen that has been studied for over one hundred years. Seedlings, seed coats, and nutrient solution were assayed for the presence of the virus and seed treatments were tested on seeds. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) and biological local lesion assay data were collected. Seed coats from seed collected from TMV infected plants were always positive for TMV regardless of chemical treatment. Seed from infected source plants have lower germination than seed from healthy plants. Trisodium phosphate and hydrochloric acid treatments reduced virus infection of seedlings when grown under controlled conditions. Virus particles were serologically and biologically detected in both the leaves and roots of seedlings mechanically inoculated with TMV. Nutrient solution collected from 28 day old seedlings, 12 days post inoculation, tested positive for biologically active TMV by ELISA and infectivity assay. Infected water in float bed production could facilitate viral movement to all seedlings sharing nutrient solution. Seed transmission of TMV was shown to occur at a rate of 0.2%. This is in contrast to other research attempting to demonstrate seed transmission where visual symptoms on seedlings have been used to assess seed transmission.
Master of Science

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7

Gocan, Sophia J. "How Is Interprofessional Collaboration Making a Difference in Tobacco Dependence Treatment?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23503.

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Objective: To explore the role of interprofessional collaboration in the delivery of team-based tobacco dependence treatments within primary care. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was completed to examine FHT team functioning in Ontario, followed by a single, multi-site qualitative exploratory case study. Results: Interprofessional collaboration contributed to changes in tobacco dependence treatment through the initiation of system-wide change, cultivation of collective action, and supporting enhanced quality of smoking cessation care. Conclusion: Interprofessional collaboration can enhance the comprehensive delivery of evidence-based treatments for individuals trying to quit smoking. Supportive public policy, education for patients and providers, and evaluation research is needed to advance FHT functioning.

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Farietta, Thalia Paola. "Tobacco Use and Cessation Practices in Three Appalachian Ohio Behavioral Health Clinics." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150265645941645.

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9

Stephens, Raymond Peter, and rays@turningpoint org au. "Why alcohol and drug treatment workers smoke cigarettes." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080521.122401.

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A grounded theory approach was used to explore the reasons why staff who work in alcohol and drug treatment services smoke cigarettes. Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with staff in Victoria across a variety of service types and roles. Data gathered from the interviews were analysed and grouped into categories. From analysis of the interviews it appeared that cigarette smoking is given legitimacy in the alcohol and drug treatment field that reinforces its place in these services. Legitimacy was evident in three main ways - Permission, a Therapeutic Tool and Rewards. Permission to smoke was communicated by means which included the opportunity to smoke at work, the provision of smoking areas, the absence of no-smoking rules and policies, and an acceptance of smoking. Smoking was seen as a therapeutic tool that enhanced the treatment provided to clients. Some smokers saw cigarettes as a tool to convey empathy, develop rapport, promote a feeling of engagement and manage difficult clients. Smokers also received some rewards to reinforce their behaviour. There was a benefit of feeling an increased acceptance by other staff, increased socialising, work breaks, a reduction in perceived stress levels and the opportunity to readily satisfy cravings for nicotine that reinforced the smoking behaviour. Punishments, or negative rewards, for smoking were also described. These included being recipients of harassment or pressure from non-smoking staff and concerns about the impact of smoking on their health. These three categories of permission, therapeutic tool and rewards contribute to the legitimacy of smoking in this field and support the continued presence of this behaviour.

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馮建裕 and Kin Yue Clive Fung. "The effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival suppuration, bleeding on probing and pocket depths in male tobaccosmoking and non-smoking adults." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628466.

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Fung, Kin Yue Clive. "The effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival suppuration, bleeding on probing and pocket depths in male tobacco smoking and non-smoking adults." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628466.

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12

Steinberg, Marc L. "Engaging Smokers with Schizophrenia in Treatment for Tobacco Dependence: A Brief Motivational Interviewing Intervention." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000075.

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13

Cotton, Sophie. "Molecular events in Nicotiana tabacum and Glycine max following lipochitooligosaccharide treatment." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80243.

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Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are molecules secreted by rhizobia during the establishment of rhizobia-legume N2-fixing symbiosis. Some recent reports have shown that there are physiological effects on host and non-host rhizobia after LCO treatment. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these observations are not known. Therefore, the study was aimed at assessing phenotypic changes by measuring photosynthesis, leaf area and dry weight on a non-host plant (tobacco). Our results did not show any significant physiological changes following LCO treatment. We also wanted to explore the molecular basis of changes in the plant cell by looking at gene and protein profiling following LCO treatment in a natural host plant (soybean) using real-time RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE. To do so, a reproducible stimulation method for soybean seed germination by LCO was successfully developed. The results obtained on soybean did not reveal significant differences in gene expression between water and LCO-treated seeds for the genes cdc2, WASI, ICL1 and 14-3-3 studied. In addition, LCO treatment did not change the protein profile compared to the water control in a significant way.

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Moody, Lara. "Reducing Substance Use with Implementation Intentions: A Treatment for Health Risk Behaviors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85569.

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Maladaptive habits, such as substance use, that are highly ingrained and automatized behaviors with negative long-term health consequences need effective interventions to promote change towards more healthful behaviors. Implementation intentions, the structured linking of critical situations and alternative, healthier responses, have been shown to improve health-benefiting behaviors such as eating more fruits and vegetables and being more physically active (Sheeran, Milne, Webb, and Gollwitzer, 2005). Here, a laboratory analogue for smoking relapse and a pilot clinical trial of alcohol use are assessed using implementation intention interventions to reduce these health risk behaviors. In Study 1, heavy smokers completed a smoking resistance task that is a candidate analogue for smoking relapse. Participants were exposed to an in-laboratory implementation intention and/or monetary incentive condition during each of four experimental sessions. The combined implementation intention and monetary incentive condition resulted in the greatest delay to smoking initiation. In Study 2, individuals with alcohol use disorder completed an active or control implementation intention treatment condition. Remotely, both treatment groups received a daily ecological momentary intervention, thrice daily biologic breath alcohol ecological momentary assessments, and once daily self-report ecological momentary assessment of alcohol consumption during the intervention period. The active implementation intention group was associated with a greater reduction in alcohol consumption compared to the control group. Together, these studies provide experimental and initial clinical evidence for implementation intentions, in conjunction with other effective treatments (Study 1) and technological advancements (Study 2), to intervene on and reduce substance use. This project is the first to use implementation intentions in a laboratory evaluation of smoking resistance and in an initial clinical trial to reduce alcohol consumption in a naturalistic community sample using both ecological momentary assessments and ecological momentary interventions.
Ph. D.

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15

Whitney, Carrie F. "Creating a Tobacco-Free Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facility: A Toolkit for Designing an Effective Intervention." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/141.

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Individuals with a substance addiction and/or mental illness use tobacco at rates much higher than the general population. Approximately 21% of the U.S. population smokes, yet 40%-80% of substance abuse and mental health patients smoke and consume more than 44% of all the cigarettes sold in the United States each year. As a result, these individuals experience increased tobacco related morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use is common and accepted within this population, and has become a norm even within treatment programs. Only 30%-40% of treatment facilities offer smoking cessation resources, and many organizations are hesitant to address cessation or to adopt a tobacco-free campus policy. This toolkit addresses the unique barriers and challenges that a residential substance addiction facility will face when adopting a tobacco-free policy. A tobacco-free campus policy protects all individuals from dangerous secondhand smoke and promotes the health and recovery of clients from all addictions, including nicotine. This toolkit provides step-by-step information and resources to allow a facility to become tobacco-free and implement a full smoking cessation program over a six month time period. This project helps fill a need for specific resources related to concurrent smoking cessation and substance abuse/mental health treatment. This resource will be made available to residential substance abuse facilities in Georgia and will be provided to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration’s Smoking Cessation Leadership Center.

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16

Steinberg, Marc L. 1971. "Engaging smokers with schizophrenia in treatment for tobacco dependence [electronic resource] : a brief motivational interviewing intervention / by Marc L. Steinberg." University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000075.

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Includes vita.
Title from PDF of title page.
Document formatted into pages; contains 114 pages.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine how to best motivate smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to seek treatment for tobacco dependence. Smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=78) were randomly assigned to receive a Motivational Interviewing, Psychoeducational, or Minimal Control intervention. A greater proportion of participants receiving the Motivational Interviewing intervention followed through on a referral for tobacco dependence treatment within one-week and one-month post-intervention. Mixed model Analyses of Variance found no differences between groups at one-week or at one-month with respect to tobacco use or motivation to quit. Within group analyses indicated that participants in the Motivational Interviewing and Psychoeducational groups reported significant decreases in cigarettes smoked per day.
ABSTRACT: Only participants in the Motivational Interviewing group showed significant increases in confidence in their ability to quit smoking.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.

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17

Chan, Kin-keung, and 陳健強. "Expanding the role of social workers in the treatment of tobacco-dependency in the elderly: a demonstrationproject." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971477.

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18

Mullins, Seth David. "Influence of cultivar, topping height, and harvest treatment on physical and chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41004.

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There has been an increased interest among the tobacco industry in the production of tip leaves in flue-cured tobacco. Different harvest treatments of flue-cured tobacco were compared across six cultivars and two topping heights with the objective of identifying tip grade tobacco. Agronomic and cured leaf chemistry data were collected. Cultivar had significant influences on yield, average price, grade index, and value in three growing seasons. NC 71 and RG H51 were the highest yielding cultivars, with grade indices among the highest as well. Increasing topping height increased tobacco yield in two of three years. As topping height increased there was a significant increase in the percentage of tobacco receiving a tip grade. The four harvest treatments focused on the ten uppermost leaves of the plant. Harvest treatments that allowed proper separation of stalk positions (5&5L and 7&3L treatments) resulted in increased yields and tip grades. Harvest treatments that separate upper stalk position tobacco resulted in a higher percentage of tip grades from a tobacco company grader. Chemical analysis identified differences between stalk positions at the top of the plant. In order for cigarette manufacturers to properly blend the tobacco used to make American blend cigarettes, this separation of stalk positions is important. Harvest treatments that combined stalk positions resulted in the loss of these chemical differences. By topping flue-cured tobacco four to five leaves higher than current extension recommendations and separating stalk positions correctly, tobacco growers can meet the crop throw requirements of tobacco marketing contracts.
Master of Science

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19

Morger, Joseph E. "An Exploration of Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Among Individuals in Substance Abuse Treatment." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1525795092891739.

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20

Nohlert, Eva. "Smoking Cessation : Treatment Intensity and Outcome in Randomized Clinical Trials." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för klinisk forskning, Västerås, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208972.

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The primary aim was to compare the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions of different intensities in a clinical dental and a telephone setting in Sweden. Methods: A total of 300 smokers were randomized to High or Low Intensity Treatment (HIT or LIT) at the Public Dental Service, County Council of Västmanland. Effectiveness (abstinence rate) was measured after 1yr (paper I) and 5-8yrs (paper III). A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted, based on intervention costs, number of abstinent participants after 1yr, and a Markov modelling of future costs and health (in QALYs) consequences (paper II). In paper IV, 586 callers to the Swedish National Tobacco Quitline (SNTQ) were randomized to high-intensity proactive or low-intensity reactive service, and effectiveness was measured after 1 yr. Effectiveness measures were self-reported point prevalence, 6-month continuous abstinence, and sustained abstinence. Results: Absolute quit rates were 7% higher with HIT than with LIT on all measures and increased by 8% from 1yr to 5-8yrs. Point prevalence was 23% vs. 16% (p=.11) after 1yr and 31% vs. 24% (p=.16) after 5-8yrs. Six-month continuous abstinence was 18% vs. 9% (p =.02) after 1yr and 26% vs.19% (p=.18) after 5-8yrs. Sustained abstinence was 12% vs. 5% (p =.03) after 5-8yrs. Nicotine dependence was a strong predictor for abstinence at 1yr and achieved abstinence at 1yr was a strong predictor for abstinence at long-term follow-up. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that both HIT and LIT were cost-effective, and LIT was even cost-saving compared with doing nothing. HIT was more costly and more effective than LIT, and the cost of each extra QALY gained by HIT was 100,000SEK, which is considered very cost-effective in Sweden. Proactice and reactive services were equally effective at the SNTQ. Point prevalence was 27% and 6-month continuous abstinence was 21% after 1yr. Being smoke-free at baseline was the strongest predictor for abstinence at 1yr. Conclusion: Support at high as well as low intensity in a clinical dental setting in Sweden and at the SNTQ was effective in achieving smoking cessation. Both high- and low-intensity interventions were very cost-effective in a clinical dental setting.

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21

Kostandini, Gentian. "Potential Impacts of Pharmaceutical Uses of Transgenic Tobacco: The Case of Human Serum Albumin and Gaucher's Disease Treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10119.

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This thesis examines the size and distribution of benefits from the use of transgenic tobacco as a production vehicle for pharmaceutical proteins. Ex-ante welfare benefits are estimated for the introduction of two biotech innovations. In both cases economic surplus model with imperfect competition is employed to assess the size and distribution of benefits from these alternative uses of tobacco. An introductory chapter presents an overview of the topic followed by chapters 2 and 3 which contain the two case studies. The first paper (chapter 2) examines the case of Human Serum Albumin production from transgenic tobacco. The second paper (chapter 3) examines the case of Glucocerebrosidase Enzyme from transgenic tobacco. Results demonstrate that new products from bio-pharming applications stand to generate significant social benefits. The introduction of Human Serum Albumin generates average annual gains of $46 million and the introduction of Glucocerebrosidase Enzyme generates average annual gains of $500 to $600 million.
Master of Science

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22

Bernard, Amy Lynn. "A descriptive analysis of selected smoking cessation programs." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774763.

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The purpose of this research was to compare and contrast the components and characteristics of selected widely available smoking cessation programs.To reach this goal, an evaluation form was developed after an extensive review of the literature which addressed the structure, duration, techniques, issues which were discussed, success rates and availability of the programs. This form was tested for content validity by a jury of experts and was used to review each of thirteen selected smoking cessation programs. The reviews were conducted by the author using program materials received from the sponsoring organizations. Any questions which could not be answered with these materials were answered through a telephone interview with a representative of the sponsoring organization.Once the reviews were completed, the information was transferred to table form and to a database so that collective data could be generated. The following conclusions were drawn from the table and the data generated: the existing smoking cessation programs appear to have been developed utilizing suggestions offered in to use similar program techniques, and a great deal of variance exists in terms of success rates and cost.
Department of Physiology and Health Science

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Chan, Kin-keung. "Expanding the role of social workers in the treatment of tobacco-dependency in the elderly a demonstration project /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971477.

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Hawkins, Jeremy R. "The Treatment Effect of Cryotherapy, Compression, A Tobacco Poultice, and the PolyMem SportsWrap R on an Experimentally Induced Bruise." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1990.

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Context: It is common practice to treat musculoskeletal injury acutely with cryotherapy with compression. A tobacco poultice and the SportsWrap are touted as effective acute care treatments, yet are unproven. Objective: Compare four treatments (cryotherapy with compression, compression alone, a tobacco poultice, and the SportsWrap) of an experimentally induced bruise to determine their effectiveness at limiting bruise formation, thereby decreasing overall bruise duration. Design: Randomized, controlled, blinded trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 64 male participants (height: 180.2±6.4cm, weight: 78.0±16.2kg, age: 22.1±2.8yrs) volunteered. Participants committed to not exercise during participation and were free of medication affecting coagulation or inflammation at least 3 days before and throughout the study. Interventions: Participants were shot in both quadriceps with a tennis ball fired from a tennis ball machine at ~31m/sec from 46cm. Digital pictures were taken of the trauma site immediately before and on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-trauma. Within 5 minutes of being shot, participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments to one of their legs: 1) cryotherapy with compression (applied 5 times separated by 2 hours, compression applied with and without the ice until return on Day 2); 2) compression alone (worn continuously until Day 2); 3) a tobacco poultice (worn for no less than 12 hours, then removed; compression reapplied until Day 2); and 4) the SportsWrap (worn continuously until Day 2). Treatment times reflected clinical practice. Untreated leg served as control. Two raters, blinded to treatment and treatment leg, analyzed each bruise, while a third analyzed an unbruised control area for normalization. Software calculated average pixel values of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and luminosity for each picture. This analysis was shown to be reliable during pilot data collection (ICC = .77) and has been used previously. Main Outcome Measures: Color difference, a unitless value, was calculated as the difference between the treatment and control legs from the normalized average pixel values. A 2 x 4 x 6 mixed model ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis determined differences between limbs and treatments over time. Results: There was no treatment (F3,60 = .47, P = .70) or limb (F1,60 = .04, P = .84) effect, but there was a day effect (F3.9,234.5 = 6.82, P < .001). The mean color difference values were greater on Days 4 and 6 than Days 0 and 10, and Day 4 was greater than Day 2 (Bonferroni < .05). None of the interactions were significant. Conclusions: Treatment had no effect on the degree of bruising that we produced in this study. We are reluctant to generalize this data to musculoskeletal injury beyond what we caused because of insufficient bruising/too great of variance in bruising.

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Daud, Solange Lilia Masi. ""A influência do tabagismo no insucesso dos tratamentos odontológicos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23142/tde-02042004-102044/.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos que o hábito de fumar pode ter sobre o periodonto e o peri-implante, para alertar a classe odontológica sobre os cuidados que deve pacientes fumantes, bem como contribuir para o esclarecimento da área jurídica, carente desses conhecimentos, na solução dos problemas eventualmente envolvidos na avaliação da responsabilidade civil profissional do cirurgião-dentista. Como decorrência da revisão da literatura e da discussão empreendida, concluiu-se que: o tabagismo tem efeito deletério sobre a saúde bucal, constituindo-se no maior fator de risco para as doenças periodontais conhecido na atualidade; os principais efeitos nocivos do hábito de fumar sobre o periodonto são: diminuição da vascularização, alteração na resposta inflamatória e imunológica, bolsas periodontais mais profundas, maior perda de inserção periodontal e interferência na cicatrização pós-terapias; no que concerne ao peri-implante, o tabagismo provoca: vasoconstrição sistêmica, redução do fluxo sangüíneo, maior probabilidade de desenvolver peri-implantite e interferência na cicatrização pós-cirúrgica; o cirurgião-dentista precisa verificar se o paciente é fumante ou não, para esclarecê-lo e conscientizá-lo sobre os riscos que esse hábito traz à saúde e, conseqüentemente, aos tratamentos e trabalhos odontológicos reabilitadores, podendo levá-los ao insucesso, pois é o periodonto que os sustenta; o paciente deve manifestar-se sobre a vontade de abandonar esse hábito ou não, e o profissional deve documentar os esclarecimentos que lhe forneceu e a decisão que deles resultou, arquivando esse documento no prontuário odontológico, a fim de se resguardar no caso de eventuais ações impetradas contra si.
SUMARY The purpose of the present work was to perform a bibliographic revision on the effects that smoking habits might have on the periodontium and the peri-implant, in order to alert dentists about the care that must be taken in regard to the warning about the risks posed to the patients who smoke, as well as to advise legal professionals in need for such knowledge, in the solution of the problems that eventually arise when evaluating the legal responsibilities of the professional surgeon. As a result of the revision of the literature and the discussion enticed, it has been concluded that tobacco smoking has a deleterious effect on the dental health, making it the greatest risk factor for the periodontal diseases known today; the main noxious effects of the smoking habit on the periodontium are: lower vascularization, change in the inflammatory and immunological response, deeper periodontal pockets, greater loss of periodontal attachment and post-therapy healing interference; in regard to the peri-implant, tobacco smoking can cause: systemic vasoconstriction, reduction in blood flow, greater probability to develop peri-implantitis and interference in post-surgery healing; the surgeon needs to verify if the patient is a smoker or not, in order to warn him about the risks that this habit may pose to his health and, consequently, to the treatments and oral rehabilitation work, which can lead to failure, since it is the periodontium that supports it; the patient must indicate that he is willing to give up the habit or not, and the dentist must record the warning given and the decision made thereafter, filing this document in the patients records in order to prevent any law suits concerning mal-practice.

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Tuncer, Taner. "Transformation Of Tobacco (nicotiana Tabaccum) With Antimicrobial Pflp Gene And Analysis Of Transgenic Plants." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607007/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study was to transform sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) gene, which has antimicrobial properties, to tobacco and investigate the disease resistance abilities of transgenic tobacco. This protein interacts with another protein, harpin that is produced by the bacteria which is invading the plant tissues, and stimulates hypersensitivity response in plants, thus the spreading of disease is limited. Gene transfer was achieved to tobacco by Agrobacterium- mediated method and with indirect organogenesis
the explants were grown on selective media and then transferred to jars and pots respectively. Molecular and genetic analyses such as PCR, RT-PCR, Sequence Analysis and Northern Blot, were performed with plants which their seeds survived and grew on selective medium and also gave positive reactions for GUS histochemical assay. Finally, with putative transgenic plants, some hypersensitive response assays were carried out with Pseudomonas syringae and it was observed that the recovered plants showed hypersensitive response (HR) in the preliminary tests. These results indicated that putative transgenic tobacco plants which carry pflp transgene, can be used in disease resistance studies.

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Reisinger, Sarah A. "An economic evaluation of two community health worker models of tobacco dependence treatments among Ohio Appalachian smokers." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574245038247609.

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Woodward, Alistair. "Passive smoking and acute respiratory illness in childhood." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw899.pdf.

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Bertani, André Luís [UNESP]. "Características e conhecimentos sobre tabagismo em grupos específicos: adolescentes e gestantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108611.

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Identificar as características e os conhecimentos relacionados ao tabagismo de adolescentes e as mídias eletrônicas mais utilizadas por este grupo. Estudo de característica exploratória onde foram realizadas entrevistas com 60 adolescentes, fumantes, ex-fumantes ou não-fumantes por meio de protocolo de entrevista específico com questões relacionadas ao tabagismo. Além do questionário, a intensidade da dependência foi avaliada por meio do teste de Fagerström, as fases de motivação pelo modelo de Prochaska e DiClemente e os sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão pela Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão de Zigmond e Snaith. A idade média dos adolescentes era de 15,8 ± 1,1 anos, 65% eram do sexo feminino, 41,7% fumantes ativos (60% meninas) e 28,3% ex-fumantes. Os adolescentes freqüentavam o ensino médio com 46,7% no primeiro ano. A maioria (73,8%) dos adolescentes fumantes e ex-fumantes iniciou o tabagismo com idades entre 14 e 16 anos e 26,2% entre 10 e 13 anos. O narguilé é popular entre os adolescentes tanto que 81% dos fumantes e ex-fumantes tiveram alguma experiência com esta forma de consumo do tabaco, desde a experimentação até o uso corrente. Entre os adolescentes que acreditavam que as pessoas começam a fumar por prestígio relacionado ao cigarro, 75% eram fumantes e daqueles que relataram que começam a fumar por influência dos pais e parentes, 83,3% eram fumantes. Os malefícios cardiovasculares foram identificados por apenas 5% dos adolescentes e, além disso, proporção considerável (20%) associa o tabagismo a algum “benefício”. A internet pelo computador (58,3%) é a mídia eletrônica mais utilizada para se divertir pelos adolescentes. Os conhecimentos dos adolescentes sobre tabagismo, sobre o uso de formas alternativas de tabaco e sobre dependência química da nicotina não são uniformes ou completos e, algumas vezes, equivocados. De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, é ...
Identify the characteristics and knowledge related to adolescents tabagism and the electronic media most used by this group. Exploratory study with interviews were done with 60 adolescents, smokers, ex-smokers or none smokers through specific interview approach with issues related to tabagism. In addition to questionnaire, the intensity of dependence was assessed through Fagerström test, motivation stages through Prochaska and DeClemente model and the suggested anxiety and depression symptoms by the hospital anxiety and depression scale of Zigmond & Snaith. The adolescent average age was 15,8 ± 1,1 years, 65% were female, 41,7% active smokers (60% girls) and 28,3% ex-smokers. The adolescents used to be in high school with 46,7% during their first year. Most of the adolescent smokers and ex-smokers (73,8%) started tabagism with ages between 14 and 16 years and 26,2 % between 10 and 13 years. Hookah smoking is popular between the adolescents to the extent that 81% of the smokers and ex-smokers had some experience with this form of tobacco consumption from tasting to current use. Between adolescents that believe that people start to smoke to show off with relation to cigarette 75% were smokers and between that believe that people start to smoke to parental influence 83,3% were smoker. The cardiac negative effect were identified by just 5% the kids and, in addiction, considerable proportion (20%) connect tabagism with some “benefits”. The internet through computers (58,3%) is an electronic media more used to have fun by the kids. The knowledge of adolescents on tabagism, non conventional way of tobacco and nicotine chemical dependence are not standardized or complete and, sometimes controversial. With respect to the result of this trial, is necessary to develop content coverage that by pass the errors of the knowledge on adolescents about tabagism, using internet tool as preference

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馮美儀. "耳穴戒烟之認識調查." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/735.

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Stevenson, Erin. "EXAMINING CHRONIC NON-CANCER PAIN AMONG A SAMPLE OF INDIVIDUALS IN OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/2.

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National rates of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) are rising alongside increasing reports of prescription opioid abuse and mortality. Associations between the rise in CNCP and in opioid abuse seem logical, yet research on CNCP among individuals with opioid dependence is currently limited due to the complicated nature of comorbid conditions in research and treatment. This study aims to expand the CNCP knowledge base by responding to the question: Do individuals with CNCP participating in an opiate treatment program have better or worse treatment outcomes than individuals without CNCP? This study used a secondary dataset including 483 adults from Kentucky’s Opiate Recovery Treatment Outcome Study. Individuals in the sample met DSM-IV-TR criteria for opioid dependence and were in treatment at a licensed opiate treatment program (OTP). Analysis compared cases with and without CNCP on national treatment outcome measures including substance use, recovery support, education, employment, mental health symptoms, and criminal justice system involvement. Results indicated no differences at follow-up between the CNCP (n=163) and non-CNCP (n=320) individuals on substance abstinence, recovery supports, education level, or criminal justice system involvement. At baseline and follow-up there were more unemployed individuals and individuals receiving disability benefits in the CNCP group than the non-CNCP group. Reported anxiety and depression symptoms increased at follow-up, while use of prescription medicine for mental health symptoms declined for both groups (non-significant differences). The only predictors for CNCP cases in this sample were tobacco use and presence of a chronic medical condition. Recommendations include expansion of smoking cessation programs in substance abuse treatment settings. Future research might examine integrated treatment and medical home health models to better address biopsychosocial components of clients with comorbid conditions like opioid dependence and CNCP.

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Franke, Christina E. "Tobacco Mosaic Virus Nanocarrier for Restored Cisplatin Efficacy in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1493810190306879.

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Pettey, Donna Louise. "Developing Effective Smoking Cessation Treatment Interventions for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness Who are Homeless or Vulnerably Housed." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32338.

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While tobacco use remains a leading preventable risk factor for mortality and morbidity in Canada (Patra, Rehm, Baliunas & Popova, 2007), the overall smoking prevalence rate of Canadians has decreased substantially from close to 50% of the population in 1965 to 16.1% of the population in 2012 (Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2012; Reid, Hammond, Rynard & Burkhalter, 2014). However, up to 85% of individuals with a mental illness continue to use tobacco products (Harris, Parle & Gagne, 2007), contributing to an inequitable distribution of negative health outcomes for this population. Individuals with severe mental illness die an estimated twenty-five years earlier than the general population, with sixty per cent of these deaths due to cardiovascular, pulmonary and infectious disease (Parks, Svendsen, Singer, & Foti, 2006). A recent study that examined specific tobacco-attributable deaths in these populations found that tobacco accounted for 53% of deaths in individuals with schizophrenia, 50% of all deaths for those diagnosed with a depressive disorder, and 48% of all deaths for those with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (Callaghan et al., 2014). This research project is intended to increase our understanding of what constitutes an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction in a population of individuals with severe mental illness who are homeless or vulnerably housed, living in a large urban setting. Two areas of inquiry were proposed. The first inquiry examined data collected as part of a needs assessment to determine the overall prevalence rate of smoking and related behaviours for a population of individuals with severe mental illness receiving services from a community mental health agency. We found that the tobacco use prevalence was 72%, and 62% of smokers had high or very high levels of nicotine dependence; however almost half of respondents (47%) were interested in quitting or reducing tobacco within the next 6 months. Smokers were found to be over 9 times more likely to have a co-occurring substance use disorder (OR=9.44, 95%CI[6.33,14.08]). The second inquiry was a pilot study conducting a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate smoking cessation and smoking reduction outcomes for two groups of individuals (n=61) with severe mental illness receiving different smoking cessation interventions. Clients randomly assigned to the routine Smoking Cessation group (SC-R) received up to 24 weeks of no-cost Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and clients assigned to the Smoking Cessation Plus group (SC+) received up to 24 weeks of no-cost Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) plus two initial individual sessions of motivational interviewing followed by weekly psychosocial group interventions for up to 24 weeks. Primary outcomes were levels of tobacco use at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate measured at 3 months was 21.9% (n=7) for the SC+ group and 13.8% (n=4) for the SC-R group (OR=1.75,95%CI[.46,6.74]). At 6 months, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate was 12.5% (n=4) for the SC+ group and 6.9% (n=2) for the SC-R group (OR=1.93, 95%CI[.33,11.41]). Secondary outcomes included change in reported quality of life, physical health and mental health status functioning over the course of the study. We found that there were no statistically significant differences in the smoking quit or smoking reduction rates between the two treatment groups. At the 3-month time point the overall quit rate for both groups combined was 18% (n=11) and at the 6-month time point the quit rate was 10% (n=6). Reduction in the number of daily cigarettes smoked was statistically significant over time (F [1.68, 98.90] = 55.13, p < .001, η p 2 = 0.48) for both groups, as was the overall reduction of the FTND score (F [2, 94] = 17.98, p < .001, η p 2 = 0.28). This research demonstrates that collecting vital tobacco prevalence and dependency information is a straightforward and important task for community mental health agencies. Individuals with mental illness have both the interest and ability to quit or reduce their use of tobacco. Practitioners need to be aware of alternative smoking practices that may contribute to understanding tobacco use patterns and dependence in this population. Other factors such as co-morbid substance use disorder and level of community functioning may influence smoking status and, consequently, how treatment is provided. The findings of the pilot trial demonstrate the feasibility of conducting smoking cessation research with the population. Findings also suggest that a larger definitive trial is warranted to examine the effectiveness of the SC+ intervention. This research adds to the limited but growing knowledge base of how to address tobacco use and provide treatment to this vulnerable group, and will contribute to advances in population health by informing effective interventions with the attendant implications for program and policy development.

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Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, Judith W. Dexheimer, Jane C. Khoury, Julie A. Miller, and Judith S. Gordon. "Development and Testing of a Computerized Decision Support System to Facilitate Brief Tobacco Cessation Treatment in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Proposal and Protocol." JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621711.

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Background: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is unequivocally harmful to children's health, yet up to 48% of children who visit the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care setting are exposed to tobacco smoke. The incorporation of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) into the electronic health records (EHR) of PED patients may improve the rates of screening and brief TSE intervention of caregivers and result in decreased TSE in children. Objective: We propose a study that will be the first to develop and evaluate the integration of a CDSS for Registered Nurses (RNs) into the EHR of pediatric patients to facilitate the identification of caregivers who smoke and the delivery of TSE interventions to caregivers in the urgent care setting. Methods: We will conduct a two-phase project to develop, refine, and integrate an evidence-based CDSS into the pediatric urgent care setting. RNs will provide input on program content, function, and design. In Phase I, we will develop a CDSS with prompts to: (1) ASK about child TSE and caregiver smoking, (2) use a software program, Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), to ADVISE caregivers to reduce their child's TSE via total smoking home and car bans and quitting smoking, and (3) ASSESS their interest in quitting and ASSIST caregivers to quit by directly connecting them to their choice of free cessation resources (eg, Quitline, SmokefreeTXT, or SmokefreeGOV) during the urgent care visit. We will create reports to provide feedback to RNs on their TSE counseling behaviors. In Phase II, we will conduct a 3-month feasibility trial to test the results of implementing our CDSS on changes in RNs' TSE-related behaviors, and child and caregiver outcomes. Results: This trial is currently underway with funding support from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute. We have completed Phase I. The CDSS has been developed with input from our advisory panel and RNs, and pilot tested. We are nearing completion of Phase II, in which we are conducting the feasibility trial, analyzing data, and disseminating results. Conclusions: This project will develop, iteratively refine, integrate, and pilot test the use of an innovative CDSS to prompt RNs to provide TSE reduction and smoking cessation counseling to caregivers who smoke. If successful, this approach will create a sustainable and disseminable model for prompting pediatric practitioners to apply tobacco-related guideline recommendations. This systems-based approach has the potential to reach at least 12 million smokers a year and significantly reduce TSE-related pediatric illnesses and related costs.

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Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, Robert T. Ammerman, Jane C. Khoury, Lara Stone, Gabe T. Meyers, John K. Witry, Ashley L. Merianos, et al. "Healthy families: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention for caregivers to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pediatric emergency patients." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624340.

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Background: Involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke (SHSe) is an important cause of morbidity in children who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC). SHSe interventions delivered in the PED and UC would benefit both the smoker and child, but there have been no large trials testing the efficacy of such interventions. The Healthy Families program is the first randomized controlled trial to test whether a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) intervention delivered in the PED and UC will be effective in decreasing SHSe in children and increasing cessation in smokers. Methods/design: This trial uses a randomized, two-group design in which caregiver-smokers of children 0-17 years old are recruited from the PED and UC. Eligible caregiver-smokers are randomized to either the: 1) SBIRT Condition with face-to-face, tailored counseling that focuses on the child's illness, the importance of reducing child SHSe, caregiver smoking cessation, and the option to receive nicotine replacement therapy; or 2) Healthy Habits Control Condition which includes face-to-face, tailored attention control "5-2-1-0" counseling that focuses on improving the child's health. Dyadic assessments are conducted in-person at baseline, and via email, phone, or in-person at 6-weeks and 6-months. The primary outcomes are biochemically-verified, 7-day point prevalence and prolonged smoking abstinence. Secondary outcomes are cigarettes smoked per week, 24 h quit attempts, and biochemically validated child SHSe at each time point. The costs of this intervention will also be analyzed. Discussion: This study will test an innovative, multilevel intervention designed to reduce child SHSe and increase smoking cessation in caregivers. If effective and routinely used, this SBIRT model could reach at least one million smokers a year in the U.S., resulting in significant reductions in caregivers' tobacco use, SHSe-related pediatric illness, and healthcare costs in this population of children.

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Silva, Luiz Fernando de Almeida Lima e. 1980. "Avaliação da resposta terapêutica no tratamento de manutenção com lítio em pacientes com transtorno afetivo bipolar." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312553.

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Orientadores: Cláudio Eduardo Muller Banzato , Clarissa de Rosalmeida Dantas
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) é uma morbidade mental crônica e grave, que habitualmente se manifesta na adolescência ou início da vida adulta. Sua forma mais prevalente de apresentação é a de episódios maníacos ou hipomaníacos, intercalados por episódios depressivos ou períodos de eutimia. Modernamente, uma miríade de medicações possuem aprovação para o tratamento do TAB, porém o lítio ainda é considerado um dos fármacos de primeira linha no tratamento de manutenção do transtorno. Como a resposta ao lítio não é uniforme, a tentativa de identificar possíveis preditores de resposta terapêutica vem sendo alvo de diversos estudos. Neste contexto, um grande desafio é avaliação da melhora clínica de pacientes tratados fora de um protocolo estrito de pesquisa. Para contornar este problema, a escala ALDA vem se mostrando como um valioso instrumento nos trabalhos publicados na literatura. OBJETIVOS: estudar a confiabilidade da escala ALDA, avaliar de forma padronizada a resposta terapêutica ao lítio no tratamento de manutenção do TAB e identificar possíveis preditores clínicos e epidemiológicos de resposta. MÉTODOS: quarenta pacientes em tratamento ambulatorial com diagnostico confirmado de TAB e história de uso de lítio foram avaliados, com revisão minuciosa dos prontuários médicos. Um instrumento padronizado (a escala ALDA), que se baseia em informações clínicas obtidas de forma retrospectiva, foi usado para avaliar a melhora clínica global e possíveis fatores confundidores. Foram também coletados dados acerca de variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas, para avaliar possíveis fatores preditores de resposta ao tratamento. Também aferimos a confiabilidade interavaliadores para o escore total e para cada um dos itens da escala ALDA, por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), entre dois pesquisadores que realizaram suas avaliações de modo independente. RESULTADOS: nosso estudo encontrou uma relação inversa entre o número de episódios de humor com sintomas psicóticos e melhor desfecho no tratamento com lítio (PE -1,24241). Também constatamos a relação direta entre uso atual ou prévio de tabaco e melhora clínica com lítio (PE 7,66608). Com relação ao estudo de ICC nos diferentes itens da escala ALDA, encontramos valores que variaram de 0,610 a 0,833. CONCLUSÃO: nossos achados apontam que a escala ALDA pode ser uma ferramenta útil e confiável para a avaliação padronizada da resposta terapêutica em pacientes com TAB. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a hipótese que o lítio parece ser menos eficaz em pacientes que manifestam sintomas psicóticos, além de nos levarem a questionar o papel do tabaco no prognóstico de pacientes com transtorno bipolar
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mental illness, that usually manifest its first symptoms in early adulthood. The most prevalent clinical form of the disorder is the occurrence of episodes of mania or hypomania, interspersed with episodes of depression and periods of euthymia. Currently, a myriad of drugs have approval for treating BD, nevertheless lithium still stands as a gold standard in the prophylactic treatment of the disorder. Since lithium response is not uniform between patients, different studies have been trying to identify possible predictors of response to the treatment. In this scenario, accessing clinical improvement in patients not treated following a strict research protocol is a great challenge. To solve this issue, the ALDA scale appeared as a valuable tool in different published studies. OBJECTIVES: to study the reliability of the ALDA scale, to systematically access the response of prophylactic lithium treatment in BD and to identify possible clinical and epidemiological predictors of lithium response. METHODS: forty outpatients in treatment for confirmed clinical diagnose of BD, and with history of lithium use, were accessed with a thorough review of their medical charts. A standardized instrument (the ALDA scale), which is based on clinical information obtained retrospectively, was used to evaluate clinical improvement and possible confounding factors. In this process, we have obtained other clinical and sociodemographic data, to investigate possible predictive variables to treatment response. We have also used the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) to determine the inter-rater reliability between two independent researchers, for the ALDA scale total score and each of its sub items. RESULTS: our study found an inverse relation between the number of mood episodes with psychotic symptoms and improvement with lithium therapy (PE -1,24241). We have also found a direct relation between current or previous tobacco use and clinical improvement with lithium (PE 7,66608). Concerning the ICC for each of the ALDA scale sub items, we found values ranging between 0,610 and 0,833. CONCLUSION: our findings suggest that the ALDA scale can be a useful and trustworthy instrument in the standardized evaluation of clinical response in patients with BD. Our results also reinforce the hypothesis that lithium treatment seems to be less efficacious in patients with psychosis, and lead us to speculate the role of tobacco use in the outcome of patients with bipolar disorder
Mestrado
Saude Mental
Mestre em Ciências Médicas

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叢珮琪 and Pui-kee Peggy Tsung. "Nurses' role in smoking cessation: knowledge,attitudes and behaviours." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26294825.

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Martínez, Sánchez José M. "Exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco y medidas de control del tabaquismo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52121.

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Antecedentes: En España, hasta 3.200 defunciones anuales son atribuidas al tabaquismo pasivo. La exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco (HAT) aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas como cáncer de pulmón, enfermedades cardiovasculares y enfermedades respiratorias. Hipótesis: 1) Existe una relación entre la exposición al HAT medida mediante cuestionario y la concentración de cotinina en saliva. 2) La exposición al HAT y la concentración de cotinina en saliva es mayor en los trabajadores del sector de la hostelería que en la población general. 3) El aumento de medidas de control del tabaquismo reduce la prevalencia de exposición al HAT. Objetivos: 1) Caracterizar la exposición al HAT en la población general no fumadora mediante un cuestionario y biomarcador antes de la entrada en vigor de la ley 28/2005 de medidas frente al tabaquismo. 2) Comparar la concentración de cotinina en población general y en trabajadores del sector de la hostelería antes de la entrada en vigor de la ley 28/2005 de medidas frente al tabaquismo. 3) Evaluar la correlación entre las medidas de control del tabaquismo y la prevalencia de exposición al HAT en 27 países de la Unión Europea. Metodología: Para conseguir los objetivos marcados se ha realizado un estudio transversal de la población general de Barcelona, un estudio de una cohorte de trabajadores del sector de la hostelería en 5 Comunidades Autónomas antes de la entrada en vigor de la ley (octubre-diciembre 2005) y seguidos durantes 2 años después de la ley (octubre-diciembre 2007) y un estudio ecológico a partir de los datos del Eurobarometro sobre tabaco. Conclusiones: 1) La prevalencia de exposición al HAT entre los no fumadores en España antes de la entrada en vigor de la ley 28/2005 es elevada y tiene una asociación inversamente con la edad. La concentración de cotinina en saliva se asocia con el número de fumadores en casa y la cantidad de cigarrillos fumados en presencia del no fumador. 2) La prevalencia de exposición al HAT y la concentración de cotinina en saliva en España es mayor entre los trabajadores de la hostelería en comparación con la población general antes de la entrada en vigor de la ley 28/2005. 3) El apoyo a la ley 28/2005, la percepción de su cumplimiento y el acuerdo en prohibir definitivamente el consumo de tabaco en todos los lugares públicos, incluidos bares y restaurantes, ha aumentado entre los trabajadores del sector de la hostelería 2 años después de la entrada en vigor de la ley. 4) A nivel ecológico, los países de la Unión Europea con mayor implementación de políticas sanitarias frente al tabaquismo (medidas mediante la escala propuesta por Joossens y Raw) presentan menor prevalencia de consumo de tabaco y menor prevalencia de exposición al HAT en casa y en el trabajo. Además estos países con mayores políticas frente al tabaquismo tienen un mayor apoyo a las medidas de regulación del consumo de tabaco en todos los lugares públicos.
Background: In Spain, up to 3,200 deaths per year were attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. SHS has been associated with a variety of health effects among non-smokers, especially lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, and respiratory diseases. Hypotheses: 1) There is a relationship between exposure to SHS measured by questionnaire and cotinine concentration in saliva. 2) Exposure to SHS and salivary cotinine concentration are higher in hospitality workers than in the general population. 3) The increasing of the tobacco control measures reduces the prevalence of exposure to SHS. Objectives: 1) To describe the exposure to SHS in non-smokers from the general population using a questionnaire and salivary cotinine concentration before the Spanish smoking ban. 2) To compare the salivary cotinine concentration between non-smokers from the general population and non-smokers hospitality workers before the Spanish smoking ban. 3) To assess the correlation between tobacco control policies and the prevalence of exposure to SHS in the 27 countries of the European Union. Conclusions: 1) The prevalence of exposure to SHS in general population was high before the Spanish smoking ban and it decreases with the age. Salivary cotinine concentration in the general population depends of the number of smokers and the number of cigarettes smoked in presence of non-smokers at home. 2) The prevalence of exposure and salivary cotinine concentration were higher among non-smoker hospitality workers than in the general population before the Spanish smoking ban. 3) Positive attitudes (in favour) towards smoking ban increased after the ban among hospitality workers. 4) At ecological level, the Tobacco Control Scale scores were strongly associated with a lower prevalence of smokers and a lower self-reported exposure to SHS. Moreover, countries with more tobacco control policies have higher support towards smoking bans in all workplaces (including restaurants, bars, pubs and clubs, and other indoor workplaces).

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Pedron, Irineu Gregnanin. "Detecção por PCR de Porphyromonas gingivalis e dos genótipos fimA II, IV e ragB+ no biofilme subgengival, antes e 180 dias após o tratamento periodontal convencional e associado à terapia antimicrobiana em pacientes fumantes com periodontite crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23147/tde-20012009-112107/.

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As doenças periodontais são infecções locais que apresentam morbidade e têm sido relacionadas com outras doenças ou complicações sistêmicas. Pacientes tabagistas apresentam taxas elevadas e maior predisposição às doenças periodontais severas e avançadas. A administração sistêmica de antibióticos, particularmente metronidazol (M) e amoxicilina (A), associados ao tratamento periodontal mecânico (raspagem e alisamento radiculares - RAR) tem sido amplamente estudada frente às doenças periodontais crônicas. Porém, pouco tem sido esclarecido referente aos efeitos desses tratamentos sobre Porphyromonas gingivalis e seus genótipos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar os efeitos clínicos (profundidade a sondagem - PS, nível de inserção clínica - NIC, índice de placa - IP, sangramento gengival - SG, sangramento à sondagem SS, e supuração - SUP) e microbiológicos (referente à presença de P. gingivalis e seus genótipos fimA II, fimA IV e ragB) após 180 dias do tratamento periodontal mecânico (RAR) associado à administração sistêmica de antibióticos (RAR+M+A), comparados ao tratamento periodontal mecânico (RAR), utilizando-se o PCR convencional (primers específicos para 16S rRNA); e relacionar a presença de P. gingivalis e seus genótipos fimA II, fimA IV e ragB com a profundidade de sondagem (PS) em pacientes fumantes com periodontite crônica. Foram avaliadas 167 amostras oriundas de sítios de 20 sujeitos tratados com RAR (n=11) e RAR + M + A (n=9), no exame inicial e 180 dias após a terapia. Parâmetros clínicos (PS, NIC, IP, SG, SS e SUP) e coletas microbiológicas foram mensuradas em ambos tempos. A detecção da freqüência de P. gingivalis foi realizada por PCR convencional, bem como para os genótipos fimA II, fimA IV e ragB. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tratamento periodontal mecânico associado à administração sistêmica de antibióticos (RAR+M+A) e o tratamento periodontal mecânico (RAR), nos pacientes fumantes, em relação à detecção de P. gingivalis. O grupo RAR apresentou-se mais efetivo (estatisticamente significante) na redução de prevalência do genótipo ragB, em comparação ao grupo RAR+M+A, após 180 dias do tratamento. Não foi observada relação estatisticamente significante entre a prevalência de P. gingivalis e dos genótipos fimA II, fimA IV e ragB com a PS no exame inicial.
Periodontal diseases are local infections that present morbidity and have been relation with others systemic diseases or complications. Smoking patients present high levels and bigger predisposition to the severe and advanced periodontal diseases. The systemic administration of antibiotics, mainly metronidazole (M) and amoxicillin (A), associated to the mechanical periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing - SRP) has been largely researched referring to the chronic periodontal diseases. However, not much has been cleared up referring to the effects of those treatments about Porphyromonas gingivalis and its genotypes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the clinical effects (depth probing - DP, clinical attachment level - CAL, plaque index - PI, gingival bleeding - GB, bleeding on probing - BOP, and supuration - SUP) and microbiological (referring to the presence of P. gingivalis and its genotypes fimA II, fimA IV and ragB) after 180 days of the mechanical periodontal treatment (SRP) associated to the systemic administration of antibiotic (SRP+M+A), compared to the mechanical periodontal treatment (SRP) in smoking patients with chronic periodontitis, by using the conventional PCR (specific primers to the 16S rRNA); to associate the P. gingivalis presence and its genotypes fimA II, fimA IV and ragB with depth probing (DP) of the researched population. 167 samples from the sites of 20 subjects treated with SRP (n=11) and SRP+M+A (n=9) have been evaluated, at the baseline and 180 days after the therapy. Clinical parameters (DP, CAL, PI, GB, BOP and SUP) and microbiological samples were evaluated in both moments. The detection of P. gingivalis frequence was made by using conventional PCR, and also to the genotypes fimA II, fimA IV and ragB. There was no statistically significative difference between the mechanical periodontal treatment associated to the systemic administration of antibiotics (SRP+M+A) and the mechanical periodontal treatment (SRP), in the smoking patients, related to the detection of the P. gingivalis. The SRP group showed more effective (statiscally significative) on the reduction of the genotype ragB prevalence, comparing to the SRP+M+A group, after 180 days of therapy. No statistically significative relation between the prevalence of P. gingivalis and its genotypes fimA II, fimA IV e ragB with DP at the baseline have been observed.

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Siu, Hung-fai, and 蕭洪暉. "To determine the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation clinics undermanagement of Department of Health in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724244.

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Cunha, Karine Marcondes da. "Compostagem de tabaco de cigarro contrabandeado e resíduos sólidos orgânicos em reator facultativo com capacidade de 2000L." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2521.

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Um grande volume de resíduos sólidos orgânicos (RSO) e de tabaco de cigarro contrabandeado tem sido produzido. Geralmente esses resíduos são descartados em aterros sanitários, incinerados ou dispostos diretamente no solo, tornando-se contaminantes ao meio ambiente. A compostagem é um processo viável para tratar esses resíduos, mas no Brasil tem sido pouco utilizada, por necessitar de manejo constante, além de grandes espaços e distantes de residências. Estudos recentes em reatores domésticos facultativos estarão sendo desenvolvidos e se apresentam como uma alternativa viável para compostagem. Possuem a vantagem de poder estar próximos a residências, sem a necessidade de grandes espaços e de manejo. Com o intuito de atender locais com maior produção de RSO, como restaurantes, pequenas indústrias, condomínios, entre outros, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o uso de um reator facultativo com capacidade de 2000 litros para o tratamento de RSO, cepilho e tabaco de cigarros contrabandeados. Para o monitoramento do processo foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (pH, temperatura, umidade e razão C/N), biológicas (teste de germinação e indicativos de patógenos e patógenos) e espectroscópicas (ultra violeta visível - UV-Vis e infra - vermelho IV). Além disso, foi investigada a influência de duas diferentes razões iniciais C/N no processo de compostagem, a razão C/N 28 e 21. As análises da razão iniciais C/N e os testes de fitotoxicidade mostraram que o composto alcançou sua maturidade em um período de 120 dias. Por meio das análises espectroscópicas de UV-Vis e IV constatou-se a eficiência, indicando a degradação de compostos de estrutura mais simples e a formação de compostos humificados. Nas análises microbiológicas e de metais, observou-se que as concentrações estão de acordo com as legislações Ministério da Agricultura e Abastecimento - MAPA (2014) e Diretrizes para qualidade do composto - Canadá CCME (2005) para o composto orgânico. As diferentes razões iniciais C/N avaliadas não mostraram variações significativas na qualidade do composto final. Assim, concluiu-se que a proposta de tratamento dos resíduos estudados por meio dos reatores facultativos de 2000 litros atingiu à qualidade esperada, com formação de composto humificado e sem a presença de contaminantes, demonstrando então eficiência.
A large volume of organic solid waste (RSO) and smuggled cigarette tobacco has been produced. Usually these wastes are discarded in landfills, incinerated or disposed directly in the soil, becoming contaminants to the environment. Composting is a viable process to treat these wastes, but in Brazil it has been little used, because it requires constant management, as well as large spaces and distant from residences. Recent studies in facultative domestic reactors are being developed and presented as a viable alternative to composting. They have the advantage of being close to residences, without the need of large spaces and handling. The objective of this study was to study the use of a facultative reactor with a capacity of 2000 liters for the treatment of RSO, brush and tobacco smuggled cigarettes. The physical-chemical analyzes (pH, temperature, humidity and C / N ratio), biological (germination test and pathogen and pathogen indicative) and spectroscopic analyzes (ultraviolet visible - UV-Vis and infra-red IV). In addition, the influence of two different initial C / N ratios in the composting process, the C / N ratio 28 and 21, was investigated. Initial C / N ratio analyzes and phytotoxicity tests showed that the compound reached maturity in period of 120 days. By means of spectroscopic analyzes of UV-Vis and IV the efficiency was verified, indicating the degradation of compounds of simpler structure and the formation of humified compounds. In the microbiological and metal analyzes, it was observed that the concentrations are in accordance with the legislation for the organic compound. The different initial C / N ratios evaluated did not show significant variations in the quality of the final compound. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed treatment of the residues studied by means of the optional 2000 liter reactors reached the expected quality, with the formation of a humidified compound and without the presence of contaminants, thus demonstrating efficiency.

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Ismael, Silvia Maria Cury. "Efetividade da terapia cognitivo-comportamental na terapêutica do tabagista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-21062007-113413/.

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O tabagismo tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública mundial pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. São previstas, para 2020, mais de dez milhões de mortes no mundo por doenças tabaco-relacionadas. Torna-se, portanto, importante aprimorar formas de tratamento aos fumantes que queiram parar de fumar e busquem ajuda por não se sentirem capazes de conseguí-lo sozinhos. O objetivo da presente proposta foi investigar se a efetividade de um programa de tratamento com base na terapia cognitivo-comportamental, associada à medicação, seria mais efetivo do que a literatura reporta para a abstinência/recaída. O critério de efetividade foi a cessação do tabagismo auto-referida pelos participantes em seis meses de tratamento. Foram avaliados 61 fumantes, com idades variando entre 18 a 60 anos, de ambos os sexos. Estes fumantes foram divididos em três grupos: pacientes que não pararam de fumar (grupo 1 ), abstinentes (grupo 2) e que recaíram (grupo 3). Os resultados demonstraram que, desta população, 78,7% estavam abstinentes ao final de seis meses de tratamento. Antes, eles fumavam, em média, por 24,6 anos, 22,6 cigarros por dia; 62,3% estavam no estágio de contemplação de acordo com Prochaska. Os motivos mais freqüentes citados para a recaída foram estresse (61,9%) e ansiedade (19%). A média geral do Fagerström foi de 4,18 (tolerância baixa), sendo que o grupo 1 apresentou o grau de tolerância menor da amostra. 77,4% dos fumantes manifestaram estar satisfeitos com o tratamento, sendo que os motivos maiores de satisfação foram o apoio psicológico e a interação com o grupo. O índice de Saúde Geral da amostra é compatível com a população geral; o Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI) mostrou níveis maiores de depressão nos grupos 1 e 3. Foram propostos indicadores de maior risco de recaída: número de anos que o participante fuma (maior), número de cigarros fumados por dia (menor), ter fumado sempre a mesma quantidade de cigarros por dia, morar com outros fumantes, teores baixos de nicotina no cigarro em relação ao médio e alto, ausência de tentativas anteriores para cessar de fumar, freqüência baixa de participação nas sessões de tratamento, utilizar o cigarro como estimulante, fumar quando entusiasmado, quando não consegue permanecer em locais onde o fumo é proibido, quando refere ter dó de si próprio, quando manifesta pouca satisfação em relação ao trabalho e à vida. A Curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier demonstrou que 49,7% desta amostra devem permanecer em abstinência por um ano, índice maior do que reporta a literatura revisada. Propõe-se a realização de estudo randomizado, com uma população maior, para validar os indicadores propostos e a efetividade comparativa do programa.
Tobaccoism has been considered as a World Public Health problem according to the World Health Organization. More than 10 million deaths in the world caused by problems related to tobacco is the prevision for 2020. Therefore, it is important to improve ways of treatment for smokers who would like to quit smoking and search for help for not being able to do so by themselves. The purpose of this present proposal was to check whether the effectiveness of a treatment based on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy associated with medication was better than the literature reported to abstinence/relapse. The effectiveness criterion was the self- mentioned smoking cessation by the participants in 6 months of the treatment. 61 smokers aged 18-60 years both male and female were evaluated. These smokers were divided into three groups: patients who did not give up smoking (group 1), the abstinence smokers (group 2) and the relapse ones (group 3). The results showed that by the end of 6 months of treatment 78,7% of this population had become abstainers. At first, as an average they smoked for 24,6 years, 22,6 cigarettes a day; 62,3% was on contemplation stage according to Prochaska. The most frequent mentioned causes for the relapse were stress (61,9%) and anxiety (19%). Fagerström general average was 4,18 (low tolerance) so that group 1 showed a lower degree of tolerance of the sample. 77,4% of the smokers mentioned to be happy with the treatment due to the psychological support and group interaction as main reasons. The General Health Index of the sample is compatible with general population and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) showed higher levels of depression in groups 1 and 3. Indicators of higher relapse risk were suggested: the participant smoking time (higher), how many cigarettes a day (lower), having always smoked the same quantity of cigarettes a day, living with another smokers, low nicotine in the cigarette in relation to the medium and high ones, absence of previous attempts to stop smoking, low frequency of participation in the meetings for treatment, using the cigarette as a stimulant, smoking when the smoker is excited, when he can\'t help remaining where smoking is forbidden, when the smoker mention to be sorry for himself, when the smoker presents no pleasure in relation to work and life. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that 49,7% of this sample must continue in abstinence for one year, a higher index than the reported revised literature. It is suggested to perform randomized studies, with a bigger population, to validate the appointed indicators and the comparative effectiveness of the program.

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Martínez, Martínez Cristina. "Implementación y evaluación de políticas para el control del tabaquismo en los hospitales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52839.

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Antecedentes: Varios estudios han demostrado como las políticas de control del tabaquismo favorecen el abandono del consumo del tabaco entre los fumadores, incrementan la aceptabilidad y el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. Sin embargo, se desconoce el impacto que las diferentes medidas de control del tabaquismo tienen en los hospitales catalanes. Hipótesis: 1) La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales reduce la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los trabajadores, favoreciendo cambios en la actitud y el comportamiento en el cumplimiento de las normativas. 2) La Ley 28/2005 ha contribuido a la progresión y el avance de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales y 3) ha fomentado cambios en la disminución del humo ambiental del tabaco (HAT) en los hospitales de Cataluña. 4) Los hospitales de 7 países europeos que han desarrollado el modelo de hospital sin humo de la Red Europea sin Humo (ENSH) presentan niveles bajos de HAT en distintas áreas de hospitalización. 5) El programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a trabajadores fumadores de los hospitales miembros de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo (XCHsF) consigue una alta tasa de abstinencia. Objetivos: 1) Describir los efectos en el consumo de tabaco tras la implantación progresiva de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en un centro hospitalario: el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO). 2) Valorar la progresión de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF antes y después de la implantación de la Ley de medidas de control del tabaco 28/2005. 3) Evaluar el impacto de la Ley de control de tabaquismo 28/2005 en la exposición al HAT en los hospitales públicos catalanes, antes (2005) y después (2006) de su implantación. 4) Describir los niveles de HAT mediante la determinación de partículas PM2.5, en una muestra de hospitales europeos en el año 2007. 5) Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios. Metodología: Para conseguir los objetivos marcados se han realizado cinco estudios que incluyen: una serie de encuestas transversales, un estudio pre-post de evaluación de las medidas de control del tabaco, dos estudios de determinación del HAT - uno realizado en Cataluña, y el otro en 7 países europeos- y un estudio de evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF en 33 hospitales. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en el ICO disminuyó del 34,5% en 2001 al 30,6% en el 2006. Entre los médicos la prevalencia descendió del 20,0% al 15,2%, entre las enfermeras del 34,0% al 32,6%, y entre los administrativos del 56,0% al 37,0%. Se produjeron cambios en el patrón de consumo como la reducción del número de cigarrillos y del número de fumadores diarios. La puntuación media de la implementación de las políticas de control del tabaco en los hospitales fue del 52,4 (IC 95%: 45,4-59,5) en 2005 y 71,6 (IC 95%: 67,0-76,2) en 2007 (aumento del 36,7%). Los hospitales con mayor incremento fueron los hospitales generales (48%), hospitales con >300 camas (41,1%), hospitales cuyos trabajadores fuman entre un 35-39% (72,2%), hospitales con un implantación reciente de políticas de control del tabaco (74,2%). En los hospitales de Cataluña la concentración media de nicotina disminuyó de 0,23 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,13-0,63) antes de la Ley 28/2005, a 0,10 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,02-0,19) después de la Ley (disminución del 56,5%). Tras la Ley se observaron reducciones significativas en la concentración mediana de nicotina en todas las localizaciones, aunque se continuaron detectando valores de HAT en las entradas de los hospitales, sala de urgencias, escaleras de incendios y cafeterías. La mediana de las concentraciones de PM2.5 en una muestra de 30 hospitales europeos fue de 3,0 μg/m3. La mitad de las medidas presentaron valores entre 2,0 a 7,0 μg/m3. Los niveles de PM2.5 fueron similares entre los diferentes países. Once medidas (5,5%) estaban por encima de 25,0 μg/m3, límite recomendado por la OMS para los espacios exteriores. Los trabajadores de una muestra de hospitales catalanes que entraron en el programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF presentaron una probabilidad de abstinencia global a los 6 meses de 0,504 (IC 95%: 0,431- 0,570). Los hombres obtuvieron mejor abstinencia 0,526 (IC 95%: 0,398-0,651) que las mujeres (0,495 IC 95%: 0,410-0,581). Por grupos profesionales, los médicos obtuvieron una abstinencia más alta (0,659, IC 95%: 0,506-0,811) que las enfermeras (0,463, IC 95%: 0,349-0,576). Los trabajadores con mayor dependencia a la nicotina tuvieron una menor probabilidad de abstinencia (0,376, IC 95%: 0,256-0,495) que los trabajadores con baja dependencia (0,529, IC 95%: 0,458-0,599). Se observa una alta probabilidad de abstinencia en trabajadores que siguieron un tratamiento farmacológico combinado (bupropion y sustitutivos de la nicotina) (0,761, IC 95%: 0,588-0,933). Conclusiones: La introducción progresiva de políticas de control del tabaquismo en los hospitales se asocia con una ligera disminución del consumo de tabaco y la modificación del patrón de consumo entre los trabajadores fumadores. La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales disminuye la percepción de la exposición al HAT e incrementa el cumplimiento auto reportado de la normativa entre los trabajadores. Los niveles de HAT disminuyen en los hospitales tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 28/2005. La valoración de las concentraciones de nicotina en fase vapor ofrece un sistema de monitorización objetivo y fiable que refuerza el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. La presencia de HAT en los hospitales europeos monitorizada mediante PM2.5 es baja, a excepción de la hallada en lugares en los que se permite fumar cuya concentración es elevada. Los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF presentan un mayor control de tabaquismo (medidas mediante el cuestionario europeo selfaudit) tras dos años de implantación de la Ley 28/2005 (2007) que los obtenidos antes de la Ley (2005). El programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios fumadores obtiene una alta probabilidad de abstinencia a los seis meses. Los trabajadores tratados con dependencia baja o media, los fumadores de 10-19 cigarrillos al día y los tratados con terapia combinada obtuvieron mejores tasas de abstinencia
"Implementation and Evaluation of Tobacco control Policies in Hospitals" Background: Several studies have shown that tobacco control policies favour the cessation of tobacco use, increase population support and improve compliance with smoke free policies. However, the impact of tobacco control measures in Catalan hospitals is unknown. Hypothesis: 1) The smoke free policy in hospitals reduces the prevalence of tobacco consumption among workers and increases compliance with smoke free regulations; 2) Law 28/2005 has increased tobacco control policies in hospitals; 3) has decreased second-hand smoke (SHS) levels among Catalan hospitals; 4) European hospitals which have developed the European smoke free model (ENSH) have low levels of SHS in different areas; 5) the smoking cessation program addressed to hospital employees achieves a high rate of abstinence. Aims: 1) To describe the effects on tobacco consumption after the gradual implementation of tobacco control policies in a hospital; 2) to evaluate the progression of tobacco control policies in hospitals members of the XCHsF before and after the implementation of Law 28/2005, 3) To assess the impact of tobacco control Law 28/2005 on exposure to SHS in public hospitals in Catalonia, before (2005) and after (2006) its implementation. 4) To describe the levels of SHS by the assessment of PM2.5 particles in a sample of European hospitals in 2007; 5) to evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program addressed to hospital workers. Methodology: Five studies have been conducted, which were: a series of cross-sectional surveys, a pre-post evaluation of tobacco control measures, two studies for the assessment of SHS- one in Catalonia, and another in 7 European countries- and a study evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program. Results: The tobacco consumption at one hospital dropped from 34.5% in 2001 to 30.6% in 2006. Smokers changed their consumption patterns with the reduction of the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the decrease of daily smokers. The average score of the implementation of tobacco control policies in hospitals was 52.4 (95% CI 45.4 to 59.5) in 2005 and 71.6 (95% CI 67.0 to 76.2) in 2007 (up 36.7%). The average median concentration of nicotine decreased 56.5% after the implementation of Law 28/2005. However, nicotine was found in hospitals halls, emergency rooms, fire escapes and cafeterias. The median concentrations of PM2.5 in a sample of 30 European hospitals were low (3.0 ug/m3). The abstinence probability of the XCHsF tobacco cessation program at 6 months was 0.504 (95% CI 0.431 to 0.570). Workers with higher nicotine dependence showed a lower likelihood of abstinence (0.376, 95% CI: .256 to .495) than the low-dependence (0.529, 95% CI 0.458 to 0.599). There is a high probability of abstinence among workers treated with combined drug therapy (bupropion and nicotine replacement) (0.761, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.933). Conclusions: Tobacco control policies in hospitals are associated with a slight decline in smoking consumption, reduction of levels of SHS, and high probability of abstinence at 6 months.

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Puente, Baliarda Diana. "Diferències entre dones i homes en el càncer de bufeta urinària: etiologia, clínica i pronòstic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7106.

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La present tesi avalua les diferències entre homes i dones quant a les característiques sociodemogràfiques i clínicopatològiques, procés diagnòstic, tractament i pronòstic en una sèrie de casos diagnosticats de novo de càncer de bufeta en 18 hospitals de 5 regions espanyoles (estudi EPICURO). També s'estudia l'associació entre tabac i risc de càncer de bufeta segons el sexe en un estudi agregat d'estudis cas-control europeus i nord-americans de càncer de bufeta.
Es trobaren diferències entre sexes quant a la incidència de la malaltia, en algunes característiques anatomopatològiques dels tumors i quant a tractament. No es varen observar diferències entre sexes davant d'un mateix nivell d'exposició al tabac. També s'observaren diferències entre homes i dones quant al risc de recidivar i de progressar dels tumors vesicals superficials, però no en el risc de morir dels pacients amb tumors invasius.
The thesis evaluates differences related to sociodemographic and clinic-pathological characteristics, diagnostic tests, treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients newly diagnosed in 18 hospitals from 5 Spanish areas according to sex. The work also assess the association between tobacco and bladder cancer risk according to sex in a pooled analysis of case-control studies of bladder cancer from Europe and North America.
Differences between sex concerning disease incidence, pathological characteristics and treatment were observed. The relative risk of bladder cancer associated with tobacco was similar in both sex. Differences between men and women were observed regarding risk of recurrence and progression of their superficial tumors but not regarding risk of death because of an invasive tumor.

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CAVALCANTI, Soraya Araujo Uchoa. "Análise da política de controle de tabagismo no Brasil frente à convenção-quadro para o controle do tabaco no contexto de contrareforma do estado." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18318.

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A presente tese de doutorado teve por objetivo analisar a Política Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo frente à Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco no contexto da contrarreforma do Estado brasileiro e seus rebatimentos na oferta de tratamento para dependentes de nicotina no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS. Mediante pesquisa documental foram analisadas 22 (vinte e duas) normativas brasileiras distribuídas nos seguintes eixos temáticos: oito normativas vinculadas a proteção à exposição à fumaça dos produtos derivados do tabaco – Lei nº 7.748/1986, Portaria nº 3.257/1988, Lei nº 9.294/1996, Decreto Presidencial nº 2.018/1996, Lei nº 10.167/2000, Lei nº 10.702/2003, Lei nº 12.546/2011 e Decreto nº 8.262/2014; quatro normativas vinculadas a regulamentação da oferta de tratamento para dependentes de nicotina no Sistema Único de Saúde – Portaria MS / GM nº 1.575/2002, Portaria MS/GM nº 1.035/2004, Portaria SAS/MS nº 442/2004 e Portaria MS/ GM nº 571/2013; cinco normativas de políticas vinculadas ao controle de tabagismo no Brasil – Portaria nº 2.439/2005, Portaria nº 687/2006; Portaria nº 1.996/2006; Lei nº 11.343/2006; e Portaria nº 874/2013; e cinco vinculadas à implantação da ConvençãoQuadro para o Controle do Tabaco no Brasil – Decreto nº 3.136/1989; Decreto Presidencial de 01 de agosto de 2003, Decreto Legislativo nº 1.012, Decreto nº 5.658, de 02 de Janeiro de 2006 e Decreto Presidencial de 16 de março de 2012. Discutimos a contrarreforma do Estado na política de saúde e seus rebatimentos na oferta de tratamento para dependentes de nicotina no Sistema Único de saúde, identificando que oferta de tratamento está aquém da demanda apresentada, a proposta de tratamento e método único ofertado, da assistência centrada na cessação não condizem com as políticas e normativas vigentes, escassez de recursos no âmbito público e o repasse a iniciativa privada, a sobrecarga dos profissionais envolvidos na oferta de tratamento atualmente centrada na atenção básica.
The present doctoral thesis was to analyze the National Policy on Tobacco Control front of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the context of counter-reform the Brazilian state and its repercussions on the provision of treatment for nicotine dependent in unified health system - SUS. By documentary research analyzed 21 (twenty-two) Brazilian normative distributed in the following themes: Eight regulations related to protection from exposure to smoke from tobacco products - Law No. 7,748 / 1986, Decree No. 3,257 / 1988, Law No. 9.294 / 1996 Presidential Decree No. 2,018 / 1996, Law No. 10.167 / 2000, Law No. 10,702 / 2003, Law No. 12,546 / 2011 and Decree No. 8,262 / 2014; four regulations related to regulation of the provision of treatment for nicotine dependent in unified health system - SUS - Ordinance MS / GM No 1575/2002, Decree MS / GM No 1035/2004, Ordinance SAS / MS No. 442/2004 and Decree MS / GM No 571/2013; five of regulatory policies related to tobacco control in Brazil - Ordinance No. 2439/2005, Ordinance No. 687/2006; Ordinance No. 1,996/2006; Law No. 11.343 / 2006; and Ordinance No. 874/2013five related to the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Brazil - Decree No. 3,136 / 1989; Presidential Decree of August 1, 2003, Legislative Decree No. 1012, Decree No. 5658 of January 2, 2006 and Presidential Decree of 16 March 2012. We discussed the counter-reform of the state in health policy and its repercussions on the provision of treatment for nicotine dependent on the health System, identifying which treatment provision falls short of the presented demand, the proposed treatment and only offered method of focused assistance in cessation are not consistent with the policies and regulations in force, resource scarcity in the public sphere and lending to the private sector, the burden of professionals involved in treatment provision currently focused on primary care.

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Fraser, Keely. "Kontrola tabáku v ČR a Kanadě se zaměřením na socioekonomické, politické aspekty a celkové podmínky." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446119.

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(English) Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally (WHO, 2018). Within the Czech Republic (CR) tobacco consumption ranks among the highest in the world, and tobacco control measures rank among the poorest globally (Joossens and Raw, 2014; American Cancer Society, 2018). Smoking related chronic diseases and the loss of active part of life are an enormous and growing burden on the Czech system. There is urgency to invest in efforts that will control and decrease the demand for tobacco products (OECD, 2017). Experiences and lessons learned in tobacco control (TC) by other countries, such as Canada, may provide valuable insight to help guide Czech decision makers in identifying policy best buys moving forward. The basic research carried out as part of this PhD project focuses specifically on a comparison of TC in Canada and the CR. It also includes: 1) a national cross-sectional survey of all organizations involved in TC to describe capacity and involvement in TC measures outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) (Fraser et al. 2019); 2) a prospective cohort study which describes the results of intensive smoking cessation treatment offered by Centers for Tobacco Dependent (CTD) (Králiková et al. 2014); 3) a cross sectional survey of patients...

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47

McCarthy, Danielle E. "Mechanisms of tobacco cessation treatment : self-report mediators of counseling and bupropion SR treatment /." 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Dovorogwa, Hamlton. "The potential use of tobacco waste for the passive treatment of acid mine drainage." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/31188.

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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2020
Tobacco waste (dust and stem) was successfully used as a metal cation adsorbent, pH modifier and carbon/energy source for sulfate reducing bacteria during acid mine drainage (AMD) biotreatment. Firstly, the compositional analysis for both tobacco waste and the AMD were conducted. Batch adsorption and bioremediation tests were then run using the synthetic and gold mining tailing dump-based AMD wastewater. The industrial AMD assayed in (Fe2+-420.23),(Ni2+-20.32), (Cu2+-38.21), (Zn2+-5.73) and (SO42-3318.23) all in mg/L. Adsorption tests lasted 15 hours, while bioremediation incubation periods were 50 days. For the bioremediation, sulfate reducing bacteria were inoculated into the AMD effluent after growing for some time in a nutrient enriched growth media. Different adsorbent loadings of 20-, 40-, 80- and 160g/L were tested for adsorption and while 80 g/L was chosen for bioremediation trials. Tobacco waste performance as metal cation adsorbent, AMD pH modifier and energy source for SRBs was monitored by recording metals removal efficiencies, sulfate reduction, pH trends and dissolved COD in the AMD effluent during the trials. Metal removals during adsorption were found to be at maximum of 38-, 41-, 31-and 43% for iron, nickel, copper and zinc respectively. These results were for 80g/L adsorbent (tobacco waste) loadings. At different loadings, the overall metal removals were lowest for the lowest adsorbent loading of 20g/L and highest for the highest loading of 160g/L. The increase in metal removals as adsorbent loading increase were significant between 20g/Land 80g/L, and increasing the adsorbent loading further to 160g/L did not introduce a proportional increase in metal removals, hence no further increases in adsorbent loading were investigated. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm best fitted the iron data while the Sips adsorption isotherm described well the adsorption of nickel, copper and zinc onto tobacco waste. Introducing SRBs in the bioremediation scheme increased the metals removal as well as the sulfate reduction into sulfides and sulfur. The pH of the AMD also increased and a few carbonates and hydroxides also precipitated out. Maximum metal removals in SRB mediated remediation were 95-, 97-, 70-and 93% for iron, nickel, copper and zinc respectively. Copper demonstrated the highest recalcitrance to both adsorption and bioremediation. Sulfate removal reached 63% in synthetic AMD while it was slightly higher at 67% in industrial AMD. The final AMD pH after the SRB mediated bioremediation went up by 2.05 units starting from a value of 2.7 (industrial) and 3 (synthetic).The metals and sulfate concentration remaining in AMD during AMD treatment can be modelled using the exponential decay function. Overall, the tobacco waste proved to have a high potential both as adsorbent and as carbon source for sulfate reducing bacteria that facilitate AMD biological treatment
CK2021

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Ahmed, Syed Wajid. "An Epidemiological Analysis of Smoking and Smoking Cessation among Persons Undergoing Inpatient Treatment for Psychiatric Illness." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3476.

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Background: Tobacco use increases the odds of suffering and dying prematurely from a host of chronic disease, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, lung diseases, and mental illness. There is limited published data especially from Canada on the prevalence, etiology, consumption patterns and treatment of tobacco use among persons with mental illness. Objectives: First, understand the social epidemiology and describe the characteristics of a typical smoker with mental illness. Second, understand the likelihood of receiving smoking cessation interventions in mental health institutions of Ontario. Methods: Secondary analysis of the data obtained using the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS). Census level data collected from all the individuals admitted to mental health institutions in Ontario during the period of October 2005 and September 2006. Cross tabs were used to analyze the social epidemiology of smokers. Odds ratios were calculated for the likelihood of the psychiatric diagnosis and receiving smoking cessation intervention. Results: Forty-seven percent of the individuals admitted in mental health beds during the study duration were smokers. The mean age of smokers was lower as compared to non-smokers. Individuals with the diagnosis of substance use disorder were the most likely to be smokers as compared to the reference group. Smokers scoring higher on CAGE score or having a diagnosis of substance use disorder and had more than 5 drinks of alcohol in the last 14 days are more likely to receive the intervention as compared to other smokers. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that significantly huge populations of individuals in mental health institutions are smokers. The smoking prevalence is higher in males and these males are also more likely to have a diagnosis of substance-related disorder. There is a lack of smoking cessation interventions in mental health facilities.

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Lutchman-Maharaj, Sapna. "A placebo controlled study determining the effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex (Caladium seguinum 30CH, Nux vomica 30CH, and Staphysagria delphinium 30CH) as compared with homoeopathic similimum treatment in the management of tobacco addiction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/66.

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Thesis (M.Tech.; Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xiii, 90 p. : ill. ; 30 cm
A sudden decrease in the use of nicotine containing products, which was used daily for at least several weeks, can cause Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (American Psychiatric Association, 1994: 244). The mental symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome includes depressed mood; irritability, frustration, anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness or impatience. The aim of this placebo-controlled double-blind study was to determine the effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex, compared to homoeopathic similimum treatment in the management of tobacco addiction. The complex was based on the selection of those homoeopathic remedies whose symptomology most accurately matched the symptoms associated with smoking cessation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Treatment of tobacco dependance'

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