Journal articles: 'Treatment of perfectionism'

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Egan, Sarah J., and Paula Hine. "Cognitive Behavioural Treatment of Perfectionism: A Single Case Experimental Design Series." Behaviour Change 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.25.4.245.

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AbstractPerfectionism can maintain depression, anxiety and eating disorders, yet few studies have evaluated treatments for perfectionism. This study examined the effectiveness of individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in treating perfectionism in four adults with a diagnosis of either an anxiety disorder or depression. The study used an A-B single case experimental design series with follow-up, and a 3-week pre- and postbaseline phase. Treatment involved 8 sessions and a 2-week follow-up session. Visual inspection of data revealed downward trends in overall perfectionism and clinically significant decreases in perfectionism for two participants. No clinically significant reductions were observed in depressive or anxious symptomatology. CBT for perfectionism warrants further investigation.

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Haybron, Dan. "Well-Being and Virtue." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v2i2.21.

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Perfectionist views of well-being maintain that well-being ultimately consists, at least partly, in excellence or virtue. This paper argues that such views are untenable, focusing on Aristotelian perfectionism. The argument appeals, first, to intuitive counterexamples to perfectionism. A second worry is that it seems impossible to interpret perfection in a manner that yields both a plausible view of well-being and a strong link between morality and well-being. Third, perfectionist treatments of pleasure are deeply implausible. Fourth, perfectionism rests on a misunderstanding about the nature of our interest in prudential and perfectionist values. Finally, perfectionism’s appeal seems to depend heavily on a failure to distinguish the notions of well-being and the good life.

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Presley, Vickie L., Christopher A. Jones, and Elizabeth K. Newton. "Are Perfectionist Therapists Perfect? The Relationship between Therapist Perfectionism and Client Outcomes in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, no. 3 (February 27, 2017): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000054.

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Background: The psychological literature suggests that therapist perfectionism is common and potentially detrimental to client recovery. Little is known about the relationship between therapist perfectionism and client outcomes. Aims: This study aimed to measure perfectionism in High Intensity Cognitive Behavioural therapists, and establish any relationships between dimensions of therapist perfectionism, client outcomes and drop-out rates in treatment. Method: Thirty-six therapists took part in the study; levels of perfectionism were measured using a self-report questionnaire and these were analysed in relation to the clinical outcomes from a sample of their clients. Results: The results indicated that therapist perfectionism may be less common than previously suggested. Overall, a number of significant negative associations were observed between aspects of therapist perfectionism (e.g. having high standards for others), treatment efficacy and client retention in treatment. Conclusions: Therapist perfectionism is associated with CBT treatment outcomes; tentative recommendations for therapists managing their own schema as part of their clinical practice have been made, although further investigation is required.

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Slade, Peter. "Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment." Personality and Individual Differences 36, no. 2 (January 2004): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00126-0.

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PALLANTI, STEFANO. "Perfectionism: Theory, Research, and Treatment." American Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 8 (August 2004): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1511.

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Welch, Hannah A., W. Stewart Agras, James Lock, and Katherine A. Halmi. "Perfectionism, anorexia nervosa, and family treatment: How perfectionism changes throughout treatment and predicts outcomes." International Journal of Eating Disorders 53, no. 12 (October 23, 2020): 2055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.23396.

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Rodriguez Cano, T., L. Beato Fernandez, B. Mata Saenz, L. Rojo Moreno, and F. J. Vaz Leal. "Perfectionism in eating disorders: Temperament or character? Does perfectionism improve on treatment outcome?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.334.

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IntroductionPerfectionism is considered a risk factor and is very close related to Eating Disorders (EDs). It estimates heritability of 29-42%. However, it has also been related to psychosocial factors such as the insecure attachment style.ObjectivesTo study the relationship of perfectionism with personality dimensions, its likelihood of improvement and its treatment.AimsTo analyze if Perfectionism is associated with dimensions of Temperament or dimensions of Character and therefore more psychosocial.MethodsParticipants were 151 female outpatients who consecutively started treatment at the Eating Disorders Unit (Ciudad Real University General Hospital). Personality was assessed by using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Perfectionism was assessed by using the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2) subscale (t0). One year later, patients were re-assessed with the EDI-2 (t1).ResultsThe scores on Perfectionism significantly improved from t0 to t1, (repeated measures ANOVA, F = 6.6, P < 0.01). At baseline, Perfectionism was related to any of the Temperament dimensions, but the Character variable Purposefulness (SD2) (β = .25 95% CI .17, 98), 2.7% of variance). Responsibility (SD1) and Self-Aceptance (SD4) were inversely associated with Perfectionism. At t1, Responsibility still was a protective factor for Perfectionism, regardless the effect of Perfectionism at t0.ConclusionsPerfectionism is also related to psychosocial and developmental factors. People with an internal locus of control tend to take responsibility for their own actions and are resourceful in solving problems. Thus, Self-directedness, mainly Responsibility for their own actions, is a protective factor for Perfectionism in EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Rodriguez Cano, T., L. Beato Fernandez, B. Mata Saenz, L. Rojo Moreno, and F. J. Vaz Leal. "The relationship of perfectionism with changes in body dissatisfaction in eating disorders treatment outcome." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.333.

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IntroductionBody dissatisfaction is one of the core psychopathological components in Eating Disorders (EDs) and it tends to persist over time regardless treatment interventions. Perfectionism is considered as a mediator and moderator between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.ObjectivesTo study the influence of Perfectionism in EDs outcome.AimsTo analyze changes in body dissatisfaction at one year follow-up in patients with eating disorders and the effect of perfectionism over these changes.MethodsParticipants were 151 patients with eating disorders. DSM-IVTR diagnoses were as follows: 44 (29.1%) Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 55 (36.4%) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 52 (34.4%) Eating Disorders no Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). Perfectionism was assessed with the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was also distributed. One year after the beginning of their treatment, patients were reassessed.ResultsPatients with BN showed significantly higher scores on BSQ than those with AN. There was a significant improvement in BSQ after one year of treatment regardless the diagnostic (repeated measures ANOVA: F 8.4, P<.01). Perfectionism was a co-variable that influenced in those changes.ConclusionsThe results confirm the interaction between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in the treatment outcome of EDs. It has been described an interplay between Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, being Perfectionism a moderator factor. The results highlight the need of dealing not only with the core symptoms of EDs, but also with the moderator factors such as Perfectionism to enhance the outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Amster, Barbara J., and Evelyn R. Klein. "Perfectionism in People who Stutter: Preliminary Findings Using a Modified Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Approach." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465807003967.

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AbstractPerfectionistic people set unrealistic goals and, when they fail to reach them, experience self-criticism and blame. Preliminary research revealed that perfectionism appears to be a characteristic of people who stutter (PWS) (Amster, 1995). The purpose of the present study was to explore perfectionism in PWS and to determine if a modified cognitive behavioral therapy approach alone and combined with Stuttering Modification could help reduce perfectionistic tendencies and stuttering behaviors. Degree of perfectionism and scores of stuttering severity were measured with eight adult PWS and compared at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, after 6-weeks of treatment, and at 15 weeks follow-up, after treatment was withdrawn. Initial open-trial testing showed promising results as perfectionism and stuttering severity were reduced and communication attitudes improved. CBT significantly reduced perfectionism by mid-point. Stuttering decreased significantly throughout all phases of the study. Possible implications are discussed.

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Lee, Michelle, Cara Roberts-Collins, Anna Coughtrey, Lindsey Phillips, and Roz Shafran. "Behavioural Expressions, Imagery and Perfectionism." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, no. 4 (March 8, 2011): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000925.

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Background: High levels of multidimensional perfectionism may be dysfunctional in their own right and can also impact on the maintenance and treatment of Axis I psychiatric disorders. Aims: This paper sought to describe the behavioural expressions and imagery associated with perfectionism in a non-clinical sample. Method: Participants (n = 59) completed a newly developed questionnaire to assess behavioural expressions of perfectionism, and an adapted interview to assess perfectionism-related intrusive mental images. Results: The study found that those high in perfectionism took longer to complete tasks, experienced more checking and safety behaviour whilst carrying out tasks, and had greater trouble actually completing tasks compared to those low in perfectionism. In addition, those with higher levels of perfectionism experienced intrusive mental imagery, which was more distressing, harder to dismiss, and had more impact on behaviour than those with lower levels of perfectionism. Conclusions: This research provides an initial exploration of the specific behaviours and intrusive mental imagery associated with perfectionism. The new behavioural measure of perfectionism could prove useful clinically in the assessment of change; however, these findings are preliminary and warrant replication in a clinical sample in order to examine their treatment implications.

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Spangler, Diane L., and David D. Burns. "Is It True That Men Are From Mars and Women Are From Venus? A Test of Gender Differences in Dependency and Perfectionism." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 4 (January 1999): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.4.339.

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Several theorists have proposed that dependency and perfectionism differentially characterize depression in women and men. Structural equation modeling was conducted on a sample of 427 patients with mood disorders to test the hypotheses that: (1) depressed women exhibit greater dependency than depressed men, (2) depressed men exhibit greater perfectionism than depressed women, (3) dependency is more related to depression in women, (4) perfectionism is more related to depression in men, (5) reductions in dependency during treatment are more associated with recovery in women, and (6) reductions in perfectionism during treatment are more associated with recovery in men. No support was found for any of the hypothesized gender differences. Women and men did not differ in the level of dependency or perfectionism, or in the correlation between these variables and depression. In addition, changes in dependency and perfectionism during treatment were not differentially associated with changes in depression in women and men.

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Harper, Kelly L., Kari M. Eddington, and Paul J. Silvia. "Perfectionism and Loneliness: The Role of Expectations and Social Hopelessness in Daily Life." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 2 (February 2020): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.02.117.

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Introduction: Research suggests that social disconnection is one pathway that explains why perfectionists have higher negative mental health outcomes. However, thus far research has not examined the role that perfectionists' expectations, about their social world, plays in explaining social disconnection. The current study examined whether negative expectations about future social events and social hopelessness explained the relations between socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), and social disconnection. Method: The current study used experience sampling methodology (ESM) with 145 participants to test multilevel structural equation models examining whether negative expectations and social hopelessness mediated the relation between SPP (as well as SOP) and loneliness at the following time point. Results: Results indicate that having negative expectations for future social interactions and feeling socially hopeless explains the relation between SPP and loneliness both when loneliness was measured concurrently and loneliness measured later in the day. Having lower levels of social hopelessness explained the relation between SOP and loneliness when loneliness was measured concurrently and later in the day. Discussion: Findings suggest that SPP and SOP are differently associated with cognitions about social interactions and relationships in daily life, which in turn explains variations in loneliness. Results indicate that targeting socially prescribed perfectionists’ negative social cognitions in treatment may be effective for reducing loneliness.

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Kiamanesh, Parvin, Gudrun Dieserud, Kari Dyregrov, and Hanne Haavind. "Maladaptive Perfectionism." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 71, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815570592.

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This study aimed to explore how the life history of suicide victims with no history of treatment in mental health care or of attempted suicide seemed to presdispose them to maladaptive perfectionism. The study is part of an ongoing psychological autopsy study. It aimed to produce a phenomenological understanding of the vulnerability to suicide related to perfectionism, based on the life history of six male suicide victims aged 22 to 58. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyze the interview data of 41 key informants. Three main themes emerged: (a) exposure to high expectations combined with little recognition and warmth; (b) reduced ability to cope with failures and weaknesses; and (c) fear of emotional rejection. Together these themes illustrate that feelings of shame, mainly resulting from an unfulfilled need for attachment, a desire for love and recognition may relate to maladaptive perfectionism, which influences the suicidal process. The results may have important implications for suicide prevention programs.

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Egan, Sarah J., Mary Hattaway, and Robert T. Kane. "The Relationship between Perfectionism and Rumination in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465812001129.

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Background: To date no research has investigated the link between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and perfectionism in a clinical sample. Aims: The aim of the current study was to examine whether there is a relationship between PTSD and perfectionism. This is important to address as many studies have demonstrated a link between other anxiety disorders, eating disorders, depression and perfectionism. The research also aimed to examine whether rumination was a mediator of the relationship between PTSD and perfectionism. Method: The sample consisted of 30 participants who were currently in treatment for PTSD. Results: The results suggest that perfectionism and PTSD symptoms were significantly correlated. In addition, rumination was a significant mediator of the relationship between Concern over Mistakes and PTSD. Conclusions: These findings help increase understanding about the relationships of perfectionism and rumination in PTSD and have implications for the treatment of PTSD.

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Lloyd, Samantha, Ulrike Schmidt, Mizanur Khondoker, and Kate Tchanturia. "Can Psychological Interventions Reduce Perfectionism? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 6 (May 13, 2014): 705–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000162.

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Background:Perfectionism is implicated in a range of psychiatric disorders, impedes treatment and is associated with poorer treatment outcomes.Aims:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence for psychological interventions targeting perfectionism in individuals with psychiatric disorders associated with perfectionism and/or elevated perfectionism.Method: Eight studies were identified and were analysed in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses were carried out for the Personal Standards and Concern over Mistakes subscales of the Frost Multi-Dimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and the Self Orientated Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism subscales of the Hewitt and Flett MPS (HMPS) in order to investigate change between pre and postintervention.Results:Large pooled effect sizes were found for the Personal Standards and Concern over Mistakes subscales of the FMPS and the Self Orientated Perfectionism subscale of the HMPS, whilst a medium sized effect was found for change in Socially Prescribed Perfectionism. Medium pooled effect sizes were also found for symptoms of anxiety and depression.Conclusions:There is some support that it is possible to significantly reduce perfectionism in individuals with clinical disorders associated with perfectionism and/or clinical levels of perfectionism. There is also some evidence that such interventions are associated with decreases in anxiety, depression, eating disorder and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Further research is needed in order to investigate the optimal dosage and format of such interventions as well as into specific disorders where there is a lack of evidence for their effectiveness.

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PÉLissier, Marie-Claude, and Kieron O’Connor. "Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Trichotillomania, Targeting Perfectionism." Clinical Case Studies 3, no. 1 (January 2004): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650103258973.

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Shafran, Roz, Anna Coughtrey, and Radha Kothari. "New Frontiers in the Treatment of Perfectionism." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2016.9.2.156.

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Martin, Shelby J., and Timothy Anderson. "Help-Seeking for Eating Pathology Among Collegiate Athletes: Examining Stigma and Perfectionism as Moderating and Mediating Mechanisms." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0098.

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Despite elevated risk of eating pathology (EP) among athletes, utilization of EP-treatment among athletes is low. Factors that may inhibit EP-help-seeking among athletes include perceived social stigma, self-stigma, and perfectionism. Heightened stigma associated with EP and sport climates may be exacerbated by negative perfectionism characteristic of athletes and decrease intentions to seek help for EP. We tested the following moderated-mediation model among a sample of collegiate athletes (N = 201) via online questionnaires: EP indirectly relates to EP help-seeking intentions through perceived and self-stigma and these relations are conditional on negative perfectionism. EP help-seeking intentions were negatively associated with EP severity, stigma, and negative perfectionism. EP was related to eating-specific help-seeking intentions through perceived social stigma, influencing self-stigma, but this was not moderated by negative perfectionism. Targeting mental-health treatment stigma among athletes may reduce risk of untreated EP among collegiate athletes.

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Saddler, C. Douglas, and Laurie A. Sacks. "Multidimensional Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination: Relationships with Depression in University Students1." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_part_1 (December 1993): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941930733pt123.

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Depression in university students is associated with numerous problematic outcomes. Unidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination have each independently been related with depression and with one another in university students. Multidimensional perfectionism, consisting of self and social dimensions, and academic procrastination have not been simultaneously examined for their interrelationships with one another and with depression. Measures of multidimensional perfectionism, academic procrastination, and depression were administered to 150 undergraduate and graduate students. Analyses showed that only one dimension of perfectionism was correlated with procrastination, although both perfectionism and procrastination were important in accounting for depression in these students. Findings are discussed as they relate to the treatment of university students for the symptoms of depression.

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Greenspon, Thomas S. "“Healthy Perfectionism” is an Oxymoron!: Reflections on the Psychology of Perfectionism and the Sociology of Science." Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 11, no. 4 (February 2000): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4219/jsge-2000-631.

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Perfectionism, with its harshly negative self-talk, is felt to be a burden by most people who experience it. Despite this, a body of literature asserts that some perfectionism is healthy, even though a critical review of this literature finds no factual or theoretical basis for such a claim. The commonly asserted belief in a dichotomy between healthy and dysfunctional perfectionism is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of perfectionism, in part confusing the concept with striving for excellence, and has apparently arisen from uncritical acceptance of early work on the subject. Perfectionism is discussed as an interpersonal and intersubjective phenomenon, involving the perfectionist's experience of other people's expectations and judgments. Implications for treatment are discussed.

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Steele, Anna L., Sue Waite, Sarah J. Egan, Janelle Finnigan, Alicia Handley, and Tracey D. Wade. "Psycho-Education and Group Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Clinical Perfectionism: A Case-Series Evaluation." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 41, no. 2 (August 14, 2012): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465812000628.

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Background: Research indicates that psycho-education and cognitive behavioural interventions can reduce perfectionism but to date no group treatments have been examined. Aims: The current study utilized a case series design to compare psycho-education materials and subsequent eight-week group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) to a baseline waitlist in an outpatient community psychiatry sample (n = 21). Method: Participants were assessed on five occasions: baseline, 4 weeks later (waitlist), 4 weeks after receiving psycho-education material, post-treatment (8 weeks after receiving the group intervention), and 3-month follow-up. Results: There was a main effect of time for perfectionism and negative affect from baseline to post-group (effect sizes ranging from 1.46 to 1.91) that were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: These results suggested that group CBT for clinical perfectionism may be beneficial, but that psycho-education alone is not effective for reducing perfectionism or negative affect.

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Hoiles, Kimberley J., Robert T. Kane, Hunna J. Watson, Clare S. Rees, and Sarah J. Egan. "Preliminary Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample." Behaviour Change 33, no. 3 (July 5, 2016): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.6.

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Perfectionism is a risk and maintaining factor across psychopathology and has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic process. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) in 32 adults (75% female, M age = 35.54 years, SD = 9.71) with a range of psychological disorders, presenting for treatment of clinical perfectionism. There was evidence that the CPQ was correlated with established measures of perfectionism and theoretically related constructs including self-criticism and dichotomous thinking. The CPQ was also able to predict treatment outcome. The internal consistency was not adequate in the current study; however, the sample size was small. Future studies should examine the psychometric properties of the CPQ in a larger sample of individuals with a range of psychological disorders.

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Kearns, Hugh, Angus Forbes, and Maria Gardiner. "A Cognitive Behavioural Coaching Intervention for the Treatment of Perfectionism and Self-Handicapping in a Nonclinical Population." Behaviour Change 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.3.157.

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AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of a modified form of cognitive behavioural therapy, known as cognitive behavioural coaching, in reducing levels of perfectionism and self-handicapping in a non-clinical population. Twenty-eight research higher degree students participated in an intensive workshop series held over 6 weeks. Perfectionism and self-handicapping were measured at the commencement and conclusion of the workshop series, and again 4 weeks later. Levels of perfectionism fell during the workshop series and this reduction was sustained at follow-up. Levels of self-handicapping did not fall during the workshop series but had fallen significantly by follow-up. Participants' level of satisfaction with their candidature progress also improved. This study demonstrates how the principles of CBT can be successfully modified and used with a nonclinical population.

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Kutlesa, Natasha, and Nancy Arthur. "Overcoming Negative Aspects of Perfectionism through Group Treatment." Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 26, no. 3 (February 27, 2008): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10942-007-0064-3.

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Chik, Heather M., Maureen L. Whittal, and Melanie L. O’Neill. "Perfectionism and Treatment Outcome in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder." Cognitive Therapy and Research 32, no. 5 (March 29, 2007): 676–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9133-2.

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Ferguson, Kirsten L., and Margaret R. Rodway. "Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Perfectionism: Initial Evaluation Studies." Research on Social Work Practice 4, no. 3 (July 1994): 283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104973159400400302.

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Shafran, Roz, and Warren Mansell. "Perfectionism and psychopathology: a review of research and treatment." Clinical Psychology Review 21, no. 6 (August 2001): 879–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00072-6.

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Hewitt, Paul L., Samuel F. Mikail, Silvain S. Dang, David Kealy, and Gordon L. Flett. "Dynamic‐relational treatment of perfectionism: An illustrative case study." Journal of Clinical Psychology 76, no. 11 (August 15, 2020): 2028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23040.

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Wheaton, Michael G., Angela Marinilli Pinto, Cynthia Cervoni, Jesse M. Crosby, Eric D. Tifft, Brittany M. Mathes, Lauryn E. Garner, Nathanial Van Kirk, Jason A. Elias, and Anthony Pinto. "Perfectionism in Intensive Residential Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder." Cognitive Therapy and Research 44, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10047-6.

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Malkina-Pykh, Irina G. "Effectiveness of Rhythmic Movement Therapy for Disordered Eating Behaviors and Obesity." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 3 (November 2012): 1371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39422.

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The aims of the present study were: a) to examine associations between pre-treatment BMI, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, alexithymia, and restraint, emotional and external eating behaviour in obese patients; b) to analyze the impact of the pre-treatment measures in psychological variables on the outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program; c) to test the effectiveness of rhythmic movement therapy (RMT) in the treatment of disordered eating behaviors and obesity with the CBT non-responders. At the first stage of treatment a total of 104 patients (32 males and 72 females, mean age was 37.6±6.7 years) self-referred or referred by professionals to CBT weight management program were selected at random. At the second stage 58 obese CBT-non-responders were randomly divided among the continuing CBT individual treatment group and RMT group. Control group was included. Results revealed that: a) significant associations existed between pre-treatment BMI, external eating and two dimensions of perfectionism, as well as between emotional and external eating and all dimensions of perfectionism, alexithymia and body image dissatisfaction; b) pre-treatment means of psychological variables significantly impacted the CBT program outcome; c). the efficacy of RMT approach for weight reduction as well as for the improvement of psychological status for CBT-non-responders was confirmed.

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Selvi, Y., L. Besiroglu, A. Aydin, A. Atli, and M. Gulec. "Influence of pharmacological treatment on obsessive beliefs in the patients with obsessive compulsive disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72684-0.

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IntroductionCognitive models hypothesize that certain dysfunctional beliefs leading to misinterpretation of the significance of intrusions are important in the etiology and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is no consensus about which characteristics of OCD patients more likely to be associated with better treatment response.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether obsessive beliefs change over time in the OCD patients receiving Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. We also investigated the effect of change in obsessive beliefs on psychopharmacological treatment response.MethodsA sample of 75 patients with OCD were interviewed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). To measure dysfunctional beliefs, they were administered the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) which contains three subscales; threat overestimation and responsibility, importance and control of intrusive thoughts, and perfectionism and need for certainty.ResultsThe seventy-six percent (n=57) patients completed the treatment period and they were reassessed after 12 weeks with the Y-BOCS, HDRS and OBQ-44. The mean change scores of responders for OBQ-44 Responsibility/Threat Estimation and OBQ-44 Perfectionism/Certainty were not significantly differing from those of non-responders. The mean change in responders for OBQ-44 Importance/Control of Thoughts and HDRS were significantly higher than non responders.ConclusionsOur results suggest that treatment response to pharmacotherapy in OCD is negatively associated with the obsessive beliefs about perfectionism and certainty. The alleviation of negative mood by SRIs may not allow the sufferer disengages from dysfunctional appraisals.

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Durand-Rivera, Alfredo, Efren Alatorre-Miguel, Elizabeth Zambrano-Sánchez, and Celia Reyes-Legorreta. "Methylphenidate Efficacy: Immediate versus Extended Release at Short Term in Mexican Children with ADHD Assessed by Conners Scale and EEG." Neurology Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/207801.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5-6% of school aged children worldwide. Pharmacological therapy is considered the first-line treatment and methylphenidate (MPH) is considered the first-choice medication. There are two formulations: immediate release (IR) MPH and long-acting (or extended release) formulation (MPH-ER). In this work, we measure the efficacy of treatment for both presentations in one month with Conners’ scales and electroencephalography (EEG).Results. for IR group, in parents and teachers Conners test, all items showed significant differences, towards improvement, except for teachers in perfectionism and emotional instability. For ER group in parent’s Conners test, the items in which there were no significant differences are psychosomatic and emotional instability. For teachers, there were no significant differences in: hyperactivity and perfectionism. Comparing the Conners questionnaires (parents versus teachers) we find significant differences before and after treatment in hyperactivity, perfectionism, psychosomatics, DSM-IV hyperactive-impulsive, and DSM-IV total. In the EEG the Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference(P<0.0001). As we can see, both presentations are suitable for managing the ADHD and have the same effect on the symptomatology and in the EEG.

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Taghavizade Ardakani, Mahdi, Bahman Akbari, Abbas Ali HosseinKhanzade, and Mohsen Moshkbide Haghighi1. "Comparing the Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Perfectionism of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.26.1.3093.1.

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Aims: Despite the high prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), there are few therapeutic resources in its treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two therapeutic approaches of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on improving the perfectionism of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder. Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design using a control group. The study population consisted of 73 patients with OCPD referred to the Ehya counseling center in Rasht, Iran in 2017. Of these, 45 were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two intervention groups and one control group (each with 15 samples). Data were collected using Hill’s perfectionism inventory at three pretest, posttest and follow up phases. Collected data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The two therapeutic approaches of CBT (P=0.001) and ACT (P=0.000) had a significant effect on the perfectionism of OCPD patients. Pairwise comparison of groups using Bonferroni test indicated that ACT had more significant effect on perfectionism in comparison with CBT (P=0.035). Meanwhile, the one-month follow-up showed the sustainability and improvement of the results. Conclusion: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), due to focusing on psychological flexibility, is more effective than CBT in improving the perfectionism of OCPD patients.

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Blatt, Sidney J. "The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression." American Psychologist 50, no. 12 (December 1995): 1003–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.50.12.1003.

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Ashbaugh, Andrea, Martin M. Antony, Andrea Liss, Laura J. Summerfeldt, Randi E. McCabe, and Richard P. Swinson. "Changes in perfectionism following cognitive-behavioral treatment for social phobia." Depression and Anxiety 24, no. 3 (2007): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20219.

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Rozental, Alexander, Radha Kothari, Tracey Wade, Sarah Egan, Gerhard Andersson, Per Carlbring, and Roz Shafran. "Reconsidering perfect: a qualitative study of the experiences of internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000090.

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AbstractBackground:Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is a promising format for treating different psychiatric disorders. In addition, several clinical trials have found positive results when using it to target transdiagnostic processes, such as perfectionism. However, few qualitative investigations have been conducted on the experiences of clients undergoing such treatments.Method:In the current study, clients completing 12-week guided ICBT for perfectionism responded to open-ended questions at post-treatment. In total, 30 out of 62 (48.4%) described their impressions of its content and the support provided by their guide.Results:The results were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Five themes were found in the responses: Learning how to do things differently, Noticing the positives, Feeling safe to be honest, A comfortable treatment format and Barriers to treatment.Conclusions:The results suggest that many clients were able to achieve a change in perspective in relation to their perfectionism and started facing their fears. They were also able to report the benefits of doing things differently as part of treatment, such as an improvement in their interpersonal relationships. Most clients were also positive about the treatment format, enjoying its flexibility and the encouragement offered by their therapist. However, obstacles such as conflicting commitments, personal difficulties, time-consuming and comprehensive treatment modules, and a desire for more support were brought up by some, suggesting that there are aspects that could be considered in the future.

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Egan, Sarah J., Roz Shafran, Michelle Lee, Christopher G. Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, Helen A. Doll, Robert L. Palmer, and Hunna J. Watson. "The Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire in Eating Disorder and Community Samples." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000629.

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Background: Clinical perfectionism is a risk and maintaining factor for anxiety disorders, depression and eating disorders. Aims: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the 12-item Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ). Method: The research involved two samples. Study 1 comprised a nonclinical sample (n = 206) recruited via the internet. Study 2 comprised individuals in treatment for an eating disorder (n = 129) and a community sample (n = 80). Results: Study 1 factor analysis results indicated a two-factor structure. The CPQ had strong correlations with measures of perfectionism and psychopathology, acceptable internal consistency, and discriminative and incremental validity. The results of Study 2 suggested the same two-factor structure, acceptable internal consistency, and construct validity, with the CPQ discriminating between the eating disorder and control groups. Readability was assessed as a US grade 4 reading level (student age range 9–10 years). Conclusions: The findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the CPQ in a clinical eating disorder and two separate community samples. Although further research is required the CPQ has promising evidence as a reliable and valid measure of clinical perfectionism.

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Burgess, Alexandra M., Kristine M. Molina, Kavita Bhandari, and Patricia M. Dibartolo. "Stigma Consciousness and Evaluative Concerns: A Pathway to Psychological Distress for Academically Stigmatized Students." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 37, no. 4 (April 2018): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.4.275.

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The psychological health of ethnic minority college students, specifically Black and Hispanic/Latinx students, warrants particular attention given their experience of ethnic stigmatization in higher education settings (e.g., lowered expectations surrounding intellectual ability). When faced with ethnic stigmatization, especially in an inherently evaluative collegiate context, concerns about negative performance evaluation may trigger increased threat vigilance, self-monitoring for mistakes, and rumination about potential failure. Thus, the evaluative concerns component of perfectionism may be a mechanism through which ethnic stigma consciousness relates to psychological distress for these students. The current investigation explored the relationships between stigma consciousness, evaluative concerns perfectionism, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression) in a large sample of Hispanic/Latinx and Black college students in the United States. The moderated mediational analysis revealed that for Hispanic/Latinx students evaluative concerns served as a mechanism through which ethnic stigma consciousness related to psychological distress. For Black students, there was no relationship between stigma consciousness and psychological distress. Findings suggest that preventative and/or treatment approaches aimed at reducing psychological distress among Hispanic/Latinx college students take into consideration the contextual impact of ethnic stigmatization. Treatments may incorporate assessment and targeting of this maladaptive component of perfectionism to disrupt the pathway to psychological distress.

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Kiamanesh, Parvin, Kari Dyregrov, Hanne Haavind, and Gudrun Dieserud. "Suicide and Perfectionism: A Psychological Autopsy Study of Non-Clinical Suicides." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 4 (December 2014): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.4.c.

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This study explores suicide in relation to perfectionism among individuals who died by suicide with no history of treatment in mental health care or of suicide attempts. The study is part of an ongoing psychological autopsy study (PA-study). It aimed to produce a phenomenological understanding of the dynamics/processes from perfectionism to suicide among 6 men aged 22 to 58. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview data of 41 key informants. Based on the informants' narratives, it seemed that perfectionism left these men less able to cope with their (self-perceived) inability to meet their high expectations. Four themes emerged from analysis: 1) striving for success; 2) fear of failure; 3) keeping up the facade; and 4) rigidity. The results may be important in the prevention of nonclinical suicides, a group that is particularly difficult to identify, especially if the deceased have been regarded as very successful in many areas.

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Bhar, Sunil S., and Michael Kyrios. "Obsessions and Compulsions Are Associated With Different Cognitive and Mood Factors." Behaviour Change 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.2005.22.2.81.

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AbstractThis study examined whether nonclinical obsessions and nonclinical compulsions relate differently to cognitive and mood factors such as responsibility, perfectionism, trait anxiety and depressed mood. Two hundred and three nonclinical undergraduate psychology students (70.4% females, 29.6% males, mean age = 18.7,SD= 1.1) completed questionnaires. After controlling for the relationship between obsessions and compulsions, obsessions were found to relate significantly more strongly to depressed mood, trait anxiety, socially prescribed perfectionism and responsibility than compulsions. Conversely, compulsions were found to relate more strongly to self-oriented perfectionism than obsessions. These results were interpreted as providing support for the notion that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is maintained by a conflicted mental representation of the self and the world. Obsessions were interpreted as reflecting an overdeveloped vigilance for threat, responsibility and need for social approval. Compulsions were interpreted as emanating from the belief that the self is self-sufficient and resourceful, and that the world is ordered and systematic. Implications for the treatment of OCD were discussed.

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Hewitt, Paul L., Tianyou Qiu, Carol A. Flynn, Gordon L. Flett, Stephanie A. Wiebe, Giorgio A. Tasca, and Samuel F. Mikail. "Dynamic-relational group treatment for perfectionism: Informant ratings of patient change." Psychotherapy 57, no. 2 (June 2020): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000229.

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McCown, William G., and Glen Carlson. "Narcissism, Perfectionism, and Self-Termination from Treatment in Outpatient Cocaine Users." Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 22, no. 4 (2004): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jore.0000047314.90953.c9.

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Kempke, Stefan, Patrick Luyten, Peter Van Wambeke, Eline Coppens, and Bart Morlion. "Self-Critical Perfectionism Predicts Outcome in Multidisciplinary Treatment for Chronic Pain." Pain Practice 14, no. 4 (May 22, 2013): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12071.

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Morris, Lottie, and Claire Lomax. "Review: Assessment, development, and treatment of childhood perfectionism: a systematic review." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 19, no. 4 (June 11, 2014): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/camh.12067.

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Goldstein, Mandy, Lorna Peters, Christopher E. Thornton, and Stephen W. Touyz. "The Treatment of Perfectionism within the Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study." European Eating Disorders Review 22, no. 3 (January 29, 2014): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2281.

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Rice, Kenneth G., Greg J. Neimeyer, and Jennifer M. Taylor. "Efficacy of Coherence Therapy in the Treatment of Procrastination and Perfectionism." Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation 2, no. 2 (December 2011): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150137811417975.

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Shahar, Golan, Sidney J. Blatt, David C. Zuroff, Janice L. Krupnick, and Stuart M. Sotsky. "Perfectionism Impedes Social Relations and Response to Brief Treatment for Depression." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23, no. 2 (April 2004): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.140.31017.

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Larsson, Emma, Samantha Lloyd, Heather Westwood, and Kate Tchanturia. "Patients’ perspective of a group intervention for perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: A qualitative study." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316660183.

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This study aimed to explore the experiences of adults with anorexia nervosa who took part in a perfectionism group intervention in an inpatient setting. Thematic analysis was used to explore patient feedback collected in focus groups. Patient feedback was generally positive and centred around three main themes: perceived benefits of the group, the content of the group and suggested improvements. The findings suggest that a brief perfectionism group intervention is an acceptable treatment with a range of perceived benefits for patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Understanding patients’ experiences of the intervention can provide further important information to maximise therapeutic impact of the group in inpatient settings.

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Bhar, Sunil S., and Michael Kyrios. "COGNITIVE PERSONALITY STYLES ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE AND OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PHENOMENA IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 27, no. 4 (September 1999): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465899000879.

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This study explored whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) and depressive phenomena share common cognitive personality vulnerabilities. Specifically, the study examined the relationship of OC phenomena to sociotropy, autonomy and aspects of perfectionism, which traditionally have been associated with depression. A non-clinical sample of 152 subjects, mostly undergraduate university students, completed four questionnaires. Results indicated a significant relationship between depression and OC variables, with both relating significantly to autonomy, sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism. Correlations between OC phenomena and these cognitive personality styles were still significant after controlling for depression. Sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted unique OC variance. Depression also predicted unique OC variance, controlling for the cognitive personality styles. It was concluded that OC and depressive phenomena share vulnerability centred on desires for approval. It was also recognized that depression-specific processes account for some of the covariability between depression and OC phenomena. Therefore, it was suggested that treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder may improve by attending to the reduction of depressive phenomena and to the modification of beliefs related to social-approval.

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Waller, Glenn, Tonya Shaw, Caroline Meyer, Michelle Haslam, Rachel Lawson, and Lucy Serpell. "Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism in the Eating Disorders." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40, no. 4 (April 25, 2012): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581200015x.

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Background: Perseveration, persistence and perfectionism are traits that have been suggested to be relevant to the eating disorders. This study explored the levels and correlates of these three traits in the eating disorders and control groups. Method: A measure of these three elements (the Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism Questionnaire - PPPQ-22) was administered to 99 women with eating disorders, 25 women with other psychiatric disorders, and 91 non-clinical women. Differences in PPPQ-22 scores across groups were measured, as were the associations between PPPQ-22 scores and eating attitudes. Results: The eating disordered groups showed lower levels of persistence (the drive towards goal achievement) than the non-clinical group, but did not show higher levels of perseveration (the following of rules, without considering whether goals are achieved). Both women with eating disorders and non-clinical controls showed correlations between eating disorder symptoms and perseveration. Conclusions: The current study, using a relatively new measure, suggests that low levels of persistence, rather than high levels of perseveration, may be implicated in the eating disorders. It was less clear that perfectionism per se was a useful construct in understanding eating pathology. If confirmed by future research, persistence should be considered in treatment of these complex and challenging conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Treatment of perfectionism'

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