Journal articles on the topic 'Treatment of human diseases and conditions'
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1
Calabrese, EJ, G. Dhawan, R. Kapoor, and WJ Kozumbo. "Radiotherapy treatment of human inflammatory diseases and conditions: Optimal dose." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 8 (May 6, 2019): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119846925.
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During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a successful and safe alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of many diverse inflammatory conditions and diseases (e.g. tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, and serious inflammatory lung conditions). Data from these studies were collected and analyzed with the intent of estimating an optimal dosing range for RT that would induce an efficacious treatment response. RT was reported to be frequently effective after only a single treatment, with a rapid (within 24 h) and often long-lasting (from months to years) relief from symptoms. Over a two-decade span from the 1920s to the 1940s, the therapeutic responses to a single RT treatment consistently improved as the dosing for multiple ailments decreased over time to between 30 roentgen (r) and 100 r. These findings are significant and in agreement with a number of contemporary reports from Germany where RT has been commonly and successfully employed in treating ailments with an inflammatory origin. A proposed mechanism by which RT mitigates inflammation and facilitates healing is via the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory or M2 phenotype.
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Degterev, Alexei, Dimitry Ofengeim, and Junying Yuan. "Targeting RIPK1 for the treatment of human diseases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (May 2, 2019): 9714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901179116.
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RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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Safarov, M. T., F. A. Khusanbaeva, K. M. Tashpulatova, and A. M. Khodjiberganov. "THE USE OF PLATELET AUTOPLASMA IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-2-1.
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The search for new ways of early detection and improving the effectiveness of treatinginflammatory periodontal diseases is one of the urgent tasks in modern dentistry. Inflammatory diseases in the periodontal tissues lead to the loss of teeth, the appearance offoci of chronic infection in the oral cavity, a decrease in the body's reactivity, microbial sensitization, and the development of allergic conditions. This pathological process is not a strictly limited pathology but, as a rule, is just one of the manifestations of more serious systemic diseases. The general state of human health, the quality of life, his socio-mental status and even his role in society suffer.Keywords:periodontium, inflammation, platelet autoplasm
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Antonevich, Natalya, Andrei Hancharou, Oksana Timokhina, Elena Rynda, Yana Minich, Alexander Prokhorov, Tatiana Mokhort, and Konstantin Chizh. "New biomedical cell products for immunotherapy of human diseases." Science and Innovations 2, no. 228 (February 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2022-2-15-23.
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Cellular therapy develops rapidly throughout the world. The list of diseases of various etiologies that are treated with biomedical cellular products is constantly growing. The Center for Immunology and Allergology was opened in the The Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of National Academy of Science of Belarus in 2021. Since that the developing of new biomedical cell products for the correction of immunopathological conditions was started in collaboration with the Belarusian State Medical University. The technologies for producing of biomedical cellular products based on cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of oncological diseases of the urogenital area, tolerogenic dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and regulatory T lymphocytes for the treatment of sclerosis were developed.
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Dastoli, Stefano, Steven Paul Nisticò, Pietro Morrone, Cataldo Patruno, Antonio Leo, Rita Citraro, Luca Gallelli, Emilio Russo, Giovambattista De Sarro, and Luigi Bennardo. "Colchicine in Managing Skin Conditions: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020294.
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(1) Background: Colchicine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat various disorders, including some skin diseases. This paper aims to incorporate all the available studies proposing colchicine as a treatment alternative in the management of cutaneous conditions. (2) Methods: In this systematic review, the available articles present in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, and Web of Science), proposing colchicine as a treatment for cutaneous pathological conditions, have been selected. Exclusion criteria included a non-English language and non-human studies. (3) Results: Ninety-six studies were included. Most of them were case reports and case series studies describing colchicine as single therapy, or in combination with other drugs. Hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, storage diseases, perforating dermatosis, bullous diseases, psoriasis, vasculitis, acne, urticaria, stomatitis, actinic keratosis, and pustular dermatosis were the main diseases discussed in literature. Although the therapeutic outcomes were variable, most of the studies reported, on average, good clinical results (4) Conclusions: Colchicine could be, as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, a possible treatment to manage several skin diseases.
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Prakash, Ravi, Santosh Kumar Yadav, and Syed Shadab Raza. "STEM CELLS THERAPY IN HUMAN WELFARE AND DISEASE." Era's Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 2 (December 2020): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2020.39.
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The study Global Burden of Disease (GBD) drew international healthcare community's attention to the burden of neurological disorders and many other chronic conditions. This study highlighted that the burden of neurological disorders was seriously underrated by traditional epidemiological and health statistical methods that prefer only mortality rates but not disability rates. There has recently been a great deal of interest in stem cells and the nervous system, in terms of their potential for deciphering developmental issues as well as their therapeutic potential. With the advancement in cell culture, isolation techniques, and molecular analyses, various types of stem cells have now been broadly classified, isolated, and characterized from different parts of the body, even from brain and heart. The concept of stem cell-based therapy provided new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss about ongoing stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease.
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Rashid, Sulthan Al. "The Role of Probiotics in Various Diseases." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i3.292.
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We know that probiotics are found to be useful in various conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, opioid tolerance, indigestion, depression, anxiety, and ADHD. But still, we don’t know the proper mechanism involved in the treatment of these conditions by probiotics supplementation. In this Letter to Editor, I have written one interesting hypothesis which connects probiotics’ common mechanism of action to all these diseases.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 375-376
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Gilmiyarova, Frida Nasyrovna, N. A. Kolotyeva, V. I. Kuzmicheva, O. A. Gusyakova, I. A. Borodina, G. M. Baisheva, and I. A. Selezneva. "BLOOD GROUP AND HUMAN DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-216-221.
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AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify group-specific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic» blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.
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MNVS, Sandhya, Vanitha K, and Ramesh A. "Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 3759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.4.1.
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The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.
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Sachdeva, Aishani, Jerome Gouge, Christos Kontovounisios, Stella Nikolaou, Alan Ashworth, Kenneth Lim, and Irene Chong. "Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061665.
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Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
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Zanza, Christian, Valentina Facelli, Tastiana Romenskaya, Maria Bottinelli, Giorgia Caputo, Andrea Piccioni, Francesco Franceschi, et al. "Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121496.
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Lactic acidosis represents one of the most common conditions that can compromise the health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, increasing the mortality of patients with high levels of Lactate who do not receive a proper treatment within the first 6 h of hospitalization. There are two enantiomers of lactic acid: L-lactic acid (when the concentration increases, it can lead to a state of severe acidemia risking cardiovascular collapse, causing an increase in mortality in ICU patients) and D lactic acid (produced in the human organism by microbiota and its production increases during some pathological status). Generally, increased levels of serum lactic acid could be due to numerous factors, including hypoxia (caused for example by septic/cardiogenic/hypovolemic or obstructive shock), specific pathologies (e.g., liver disease), use of some drugs (e.g., metformin), presence of toxins, and trauma. Since the underlying cause could be fatal for the ICU patient, it is important to understand the root of this clinical status with a view to correct it and prevent the risk of a poor clinical outcome. Prevention and early treatment are the keys to control the negative clinical consequences. The aim of this review is to revise the scientific literature for further confirmation about the importance of early identification of acidotic statuses and to underline how an early diagnosis can prevent the worst clinical outcome, especially for ICU patients who are more fragile compared to the general population.
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Pan, Binbin, and Guoping Fan. "Stem cell-based treatment of kidney diseases." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 10 (April 11, 2020): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220915901.
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Kidney dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a globally prevalent health problem. However, treatment regimens are still lacking, especially for conditions involving kidney fibrosis. Stem cells hold great promise in the treatment of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, but success has been hampered by insufficient incorporation of the stem cells in the injured kidney. Thus, new approaches for the restoration of kidney function after acute or chronic injury have been explored. Recently, kidney organoids have emerged as a useful tool in the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and approaches of cell therapy in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic kidney disease and lupus nephritis. We also summarize the potential applications of kidney organoids in the treatment of kidney diseases. Impact statement Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.
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Mahajan, S. S., and A. Chavan. "NEW AND EMERGING HDAC INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 06 (June 28, 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.06.10115.
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical in regulating gene expression and transcription. They also play a fundamental role in regulating cellular activities such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases has generated many fascinating results including a new strategy in human cancer therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and romidepsin are the two drugs approved by US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) like trichostatin A and SAHA are also emerging as new promising drugs for various conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and CNS disorders. This review, along with chemical classification of HDACIs, emphasizes on the therapeutic potential of various HDACIs against different diseases.
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Mahajan, S. S., and A. Chavan. "NEW AND EMERGING HDAC INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 06 (June 28, 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.06.10115.
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical in regulating gene expression and transcription. They also play a fundamental role in regulating cellular activities such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases has generated many fascinating results including a new strategy in human cancer therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and romidepsin are the two drugs approved by US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) like trichostatin A and SAHA are also emerging as new promising drugs for various conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and CNS disorders. This review, along with chemical classification of HDACIs, emphasizes on the therapeutic potential of various HDACIs against different diseases.
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Cheon, So Yeong, Jeongmin Kim, So Yeon Kim, Eun Jung Kim, and Bon-Nyeo Koo. "Inflammasome and Cognitive Symptoms in Human Diseases: Biological Evidence from Experimental Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031103.
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Cognitive symptoms are prevalent in the elderly and are associated with an elevated risk of developing dementia. Disease-driven changes can cause cognitive disabilities in memory, attention, and language. The inflammasome is an innate immune intracellular complex that has a critical role in the host defense system, in that it senses infectious pathogen-associated and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns. An unbalanced or dysregulated inflammasome is associated with infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its importance in such pathological conditions, the inflammasome is an emerging drug target for human diseases. A growing number of studies have revealed links between cognitive symptoms and the inflammasome. Several studies have shown that reducing the inflammasome component mitigates cognitive symptoms in diseased states. Therefore, understanding the inflammasome regulatory mechanisms may be required for the prevention and treatment of cognitive symptoms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the inflammasome and its relationships with cognitive symptoms in various human diseases.
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Speciale, Alfina A., Ruth Ellerington, Thomas Goedert, and Carlo Rinaldi. "Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040178.
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Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.
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Yadav, Prateek Ranjan, Monika Nasrin Munni, Lauryn Campbell, Golam Mostofa, Lewis Dobson, Morayo Shittu, Sudip Kumar Pattanayek, Md Jasim Uddin, and Diganta Bhusan Das. "Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081132.
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The ongoing search for biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles (MNs) that are strong enough to penetrate skin barriers, easy to prepare, and can be translated for clinical use continues. As such, this review paper is focused upon discussing the key points (e.g., choice polymeric MNs) for the translation of MNs from laboratory to clinical practice. The review reveals that polymers are most appropriately used for dissolvable and swellable MNs due to their wide range of tunable properties and that natural polymers are an ideal material choice as they structurally mimic native cellular environments. It has also been concluded that natural and synthetic polymer combinations are useful as polymers usually lack mechanical strength, stability, or other desired properties for the fabrication and insertion of MNs. This review evaluates fabrication methods and materials choice, disease and health conditions, clinical challenges, and the future of MNs in public healthcare services, focusing on literature from the last decade.
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Zullkiflee, Nadzirah, Hussein Taha, and Anwar Usman. "Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186120.
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With technological advancements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, numerous research studies have focused on the propolis produced by stingless bees (Meliponini tribe) and Apis mellifera honeybees as alternative complementary medicines for the potential treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. Propolis can be found in tropical and subtropical forests throughout the world. The composition of phytochemical constituents in propolis varies depending on the bee species, geographical location, botanical source, and environmental conditions. Typically, propolis contains lipid, beeswax, essential oils, pollen, and organic components. The latter include flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and aromatic acids. The biologically active constituents of propolis, which include countless organic compounds such as artepillin C, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, genistein, naringin, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, and quercetin, have a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstruct pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract-related diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and immuno-inflammatory agents. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on the role of propolis, its constituents, its biologically active compounds, and their efficacy in the medicinal and pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases.
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Xu, Tao, Wei Ding, Xiaoyu Ji, Xiang Ao, Ying Liu, Wanpeng Yu, and Jianxun Wang. "Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9030563.
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ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of cell death promotes the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is the clinical target during the disease treatment. Numerous studies show that ROS production is closely linked to the cell death process and promotes the occurrence and development of the cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulation of intracellular ROS, the roles of ROS played in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the programmed cell death induced by intracellular ROS. We also focus on anti-ROS system and the potential application of anti-ROS strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Boltenkova, P. S., G. E. Runova, T. B. Morgunova, and V. V. Fadeev. "Human immunodeficiency virus influence bone tissue." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 100, no. 2-3 (June 24, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2022-100-2-3-85-90.
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The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy upon mineral metabolism and bone mineral density is being studied worldwide. Patients with HIV are a risk group for reduced bone mineral density as these diseases are more common in them than in healthy people. The report presents a review of the literature on the topic. The review consists of several parts, and each of them deals with the effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on bony tissue and osteoclastogenesis at different levels: molecular, cellular, tissue, hormonal and various extracellular protein levels. Due to modern diagnostics and treatment, the survival rate of patients with HIV infection has increased significantly. It has led to the problem of developing not only dysimmunity but also age-related diseases. When discussing the problem of bone formation and bone resorption in HIV, the multifactorial nature of these conditions must be considered to further prediction of secondary diseases development to adjust patient's management for hormonal and age-related changes, resource allocation, and educating health professionals in diagnosis and treatment. The review relies on the data from peer-reviewed medical journals, using a bibliographic search method and relevant internet resources, including PubMed.
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Gromakina, E. V., N. V. Tyunina, E. D. Egorova, and E. A. Sozurakova. "Pathogenetic aspects of cataract in comorbid conditions." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-5-65-68.
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Relevance. Research by ophthalmologists, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists have shown the significance of xeno- and endobiotic effects on the induction of cataracts and other degenerative diseases of the structures and membranes of the eye. Objective research goal was an evaluation of comorbid background in people of different ages with a diagnosis of senile cataract. Material and methods an analysis of the case histories of 173 patients of an independent sample with a diagnosis of "senile cataract" admitted for planned inpatient surgical treatment was carried out. The evaluation was carried out by decades of human life: younger than 40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old, 61–70 years old, 71–80 years old and over 80 years old. The Charlson method was used to calculate the comorbidity index. Results patients who had senile cataract and concomitant somatic diseases, the most frequent- diseases of the cardiovascular system – 129 (74.6 %); violation of carbohydrate metabolism – 35 (20.2 %); diseases of the central nervous system – 33 (19.1 %); musculoskeletal system – 30 (17.3 %); diseases of the respiratory system – 19 (11.0 %). Conclusions. 1. A human's age of 51–60 years should be considered critical for the occurrence of senile cataract. 2. In the decade of life 51–60 years, there is an increase in persons with senile cataract by 3.3 and the frequency of concomitant somatic pathology (according to the index of comorbidity) by 2.25. Keywords: senile cataract, age, somatic diseases, index of comorbidity
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Chang, Xing, Zhenyu Zhao, Wenjin Zhang, Dong Liu, Chunxia Ma, Tian Zhang, Qingyan Meng, Peizheng Yan, Longqiong Zou, and Ming Zhang. "Natural Antioxidants Improve the Vulnerability of Cardiomyocytes and Vascular Endothelial Cells under Stress Conditions: A Focus on Mitochondrial Quality Control." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6620677.
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Cardiovascular disease has become one of the main causes of human death. In addition, many cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by a series of irreversible damages that lead to organ and vascular complications. In recent years, the potential therapeutic strategy of natural antioxidants in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through mitochondrial quality control has received extensive attention. Mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells, including myocardial and vascular endothelial cells. Mitochondrial quality control processes ensure normal activities of mitochondria and cells by maintaining stable mitochondrial quantity and quality, thus protecting myocardial and endothelial cells against stress. Various stresses can affect mitochondrial morphology and function. Natural antioxidants extracted from plants and natural medicines are becoming increasingly common in the clinical treatment of diseases, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Natural antioxidants can effectively protect myocardial and endothelial cells from stress-induced injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control, and their safety and effectiveness have been preliminarily verified. This review summarises the damage mechanisms of various stresses in cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells and the mechanisms of natural antioxidants in improving the vulnerability of these cell types to stress by regulating mitochondrial quality control. This review is aimed at paving the way for novel treatments for cardiovascular diseases and the development of natural antioxidant drugs.
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Takhellambam Chanu Machathoibi and Asem Surindro Singh. "Medicinal plant derived drugs and their treatment for human diseases like cancer: A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1128.
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Several medicinal plants have been popularly known and widely used to cure various diseases throughout the planet since ancient times. Various types of plants have been found to cure different kinds of human diseases effectively. Several research are focused on finding specific compounds from medicinal plants that have effective medicinal properties in curing human diseases. Finding the bioactive compounds specific to a disease could help in understanding the properties of the compound towards a disease and thereby its application with more precision and convenience. Understanding the characteristics of the bioactive compound can help in large scale production to be commercially available globally as per the demands and it can direct to design for synthetic production. It will benefit in several ways in terms of reducing the amount of intake as lesser amount would be needed, reducing restriction of availability as the plant grow at certain environmental conditions and overcome inconvenience of transport/portability and preservation and unseasonal availability of the plant. In this short review, plant derived natural products; anticancer properties of cumin from Curcuma longa subsp and the importance of medicinal plants such as Cronton caudatus subsp are highlighted.
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Mardinoglu, Adil, Dilek Ural, Mujdat Zeybel, Hatice Hilal Yuksel, Mathias Uhlén, and Jan Borén. "The Potential Use of Metabolic Cofactors in Treatment of NAFLD." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071578.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Eliassen, Eva, Gerhard R. Krueger, Mario Luppi, and Dharam Ablashi. "LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6A AND HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6B." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 2018035. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2018.035.
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Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) have been noted since their discovery for their T-lymphotropism. Although it has proven difficult to determine the extent to which HHV-6A and HHV-6B are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, evidence suggests that primary infection and reactivation of both viruses may induce or contribute to the progression of several lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from benign to malignant and including infectious mononucleosis-like illness, drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS), and nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Herein, we discuss the conditions associated with the lymphoproliferative capacity of HHV-6, as well as the potential mechanisms behind them. Continued exploration on this topic may add to our understanding of the interactions between HHV-6 and the immune system and may open the doors to more accurate diagnosis and treatment of certain lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Petrunin, D. D. "Microbiome of human skin - its immunohomeostatic role and the role in pathogenesis of skin diseases." Russian Journal of Allergy 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja190.
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In the last decade new methods of metagenomic analysis allowed to obtain important data regarding the microbiome of human skin. The problem of colonization and secondary infection by pathogenic microbes is of special importance for allergic dermatoses that require topical immunosuppressive therapy. One of treatment options in this case could be topical multicomponent drugs that allow successful treatment of infectious complications of inflammatory dermatoses. But there are still a lot of blanks regarding both fundamental questions regarding human skin microbiome and practice aspects of treatment of skin diseases where it plays a pathogenetic role. This literature review systematizes and structures the accumulated data regarding the composition and the role of human skin microbiome in normal conditions and in various skin diseases as well as summarizes clinical data of use of combinational topical glucocorticosteroid drugs. Furthermore, some algorithms concerning the choice and optimization of topical treatment of secondary infected dermatoses are outlined.
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Petreska Ivanovska, Tanja, Maja Jurhar Pavlova, Kristina Mladenovska, and Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi. "Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 60, no. 02 (2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.02.001.
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Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are functional components able to exert positive effects on human health. Numerous medical conditions lack effective and safe approaches for prevention or treatment, thus usage of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is an alternative. Further, the benefit related to the consumption of these compounds is associated with lower morbidity of chronic diseases and reduced health-care costs. Various types of mediums to deliver probiotics/synbiotics to the human GIT are used. Although capsules and tablets are frequently applied as delivery systems for probiotics, the major challenge of the commercial sector is to market new functional foods containing probiotics and/or prebiotics. Discovering of new probiotic/synbiotic functional foods is connected to the interest of the food industry to revitalize continuously through introduction of products with improved nutritional value and pleasant taste, but also with health benefit for the consumers. The review provides insights and new perspectives in respect to usage of functional components and foods in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are highly correlated with the modern lifestyle. The therapeutic and safety properties of probiotics and prebiotics, their role in pathogenesis of IBD, potential to prevent and treat these diseases as well as postulated mechanisms of action will be discussed, highlighting the main areas in which further research is an emergence.
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Rochet, Jean-Christophe. "Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 9, no. 17 (June 2007): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399407000385.
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Most proteins in the cell adopt a compact, globular fold that determines their stability and function. Partial protein unfolding under conditions of cellular stress results in the exposure of hydrophobic regions normally buried in the interior of the native structure. Interactions involving the exposed hydrophobic surfaces of misfolded protein conformers lead to the formation of toxic aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils and amyloid fibrils. A significant number of human disorders (e.g. Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and type II diabetes) are characterised by protein misfolding and aggregation. Over the past five years, outstanding progress has been made in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases. Three promising approaches include: (1) inhibiting protein aggregation with peptides or small molecules identified via structure-based drug design or high-throughput screening; (2) interfering with post-translational modifications that stimulate protein misfolding and aggregation; and (3) upregulating molecular chaperones or aggregate-clearance mechanisms. Ultimately, drug combinations that capitalise on more than one therapeutic strategy will constitute the most effective treatment for patients with these devastating illnesses.
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Finch-Edmondson, Megan, Madison CB Paton, Claire Galea, Genevieve Cowie, Nadia Badawi, Rob White, and Iona Novak. "Positive perception of stem cells for neurological conditions: results from an Australian public forum." Regenerative Medicine 16, no. 4 (April 2021): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2020-0184.
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Background: Stem cells offer great hope and promise as a potential treatment for human diseases. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the public perception of stem cells for neurological conditions. Materials & methods: A paper-based questionnaire was administered to all attendees of a free, public stem cell forum. Results: Of 203 respondents, >95% believe that stem cells have the potential to treat neurological conditions. There was also high support (92%) for the use of embryonic/fetally derived cells, and 67% of respondents indicated a high likelihood to participate in a clinical trial of stem cell treatment(s), indicating overall support for research and translation. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates a positive perception of stem cell treatments for neurological conditions in our cohort.
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Novruz qızı Xələfli, Xatirə. "Epidemiological control of parasitic diseases in modern conditions." SCIENTIFIC WORK 82, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/82/56-60.
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Həyata keçirilən müayinələrin sayəsində müasir mərhələdə nematodozların klinik-mikrobioloji xüsusiyyətləri və markerləri aşkar edilmişdir ki, onlar da gizli və ya çətin aşkar edilən helmintozların diaqnostikasına kömək edə bilərlər. Alınmış məlumatların təhlili zamanı aşkar edilmişdir ki, xəstəliyin gedişi iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin səviyyəsinin xeyli yüksəlməsi ilə müşayiət olunmuşdur. Bütün iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin miqdarı kontrol qrupla müqayisədə yüksək olmuşdur (p<0,05). 91,8±5,3% xəstələrdə intoksikasiya sindromu, 72,8±4,6% xəstələrdə mədə-bağırsaq yolunun disfunksiyası sindromu müşahidə edilmişdir. İltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin dinamikasının klinik əlamətlər arasında sıx korrelyasiya əlaqəsini aşkar etmişik: intoksikasiya sindromu və İL-1 (r=0,76); intoksikasiya sindromu və İL-6 (r=0,68). Müalicənin nəticələrindən asılı olaraq iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin dinamikasının müayinəsi aparılmış dehelmintizasiyanın effektivliyinin əlavə meyarı kimi xidmət edə bilər. Həyata keçirilən müayinələr aşağıdakı nəticələri əldə etməyə imkan verir: yoğun bağırsağın mikroflorasının vəziyyətinin, iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin göstəricilərinin dinamikasının müayinəsi bu xəstələrdə askaridozun bağırsaq mərhələsinin dehelmintizasiyasının effektivliyinin qiymətləndirilməsinin əlavə meyarı kimi xidmət edə bilər. Açar sözlər: bağırsaq parazitar xəstəlikləri, insan parazitozları, qurd invaziyaları, diaqnostika, kriteriyalar, proqnoz, epidemioloji aspektlər, risk amilləri, epidemioloji nəzarət Khatira Novruz Khalafli Epidemiological control of parasitic diseases in modern conditions Abstract Clinical-microbiological characteristics and markers of nematodes at the modern stage have been revealed thanks to the conducted examinations, which can help in the diagnosis of hidden or difficult to detect helminthosis. During the analysis of the received data, it was found that the course of the disease was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The amount of all anti-inflammatory cytokines was higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intoxication syndrome was observed in 91.8±5.3% of patients, gastrointestinal dysfunction syndrome in 72.8±4.6% of patients. We found a close correlation between the dynamics of anti-inflammatory cytokines and clinical signs: intoxication syndrome and IL-1 (r=0.76); intoxication syndrome and IL-6 (r=0.68). Depending on the results of the treatment, the examination of the dynamics of anti-inflammatory cytokines can serve as an additional measure of the effectiveness of the performed deworming. The performed examinations allow obtaining the following results: the examination of the state of the colonic microflora, the dynamics of indicators of anti-inflammatory cytokines can serve as an additional criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the deworming of the intestinal stage of ascariasis in these patients. Keywords: intestinal parasitic diseases, human parasitosis, worm infestations, diagnosis, criteria, prognosis, epidemiological aspects, risk factors, epidemiological control
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Seo, Ha-Rim, Hyeong-Jun Han, Youngsun Lee, Young-Woock Noh, Seung-Ju Cho, and Jung-Hyun Kim. "Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoid with Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169211.
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Alveolar organoids (AOs), derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exhibit lung-specific functions. Therefore, the application of AOs in pulmonary disease modeling is a promising tool for understanding disease pathogenesis. However, the lack of immune cells in organoids limits the use of human AOs as models of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we generated AOs containing a functional macrophage derived from hPSCs based on human fetal lung development using biomimetic strategies. We optimized culture conditions to maintain the iMACs (induced hPSC-derived macrophages) AOs for up to 14 days. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions, IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in iMAC-AOs, which were not detected in AOs. In addition, chemotactic factor IL-8, which is produced by mononuclear phagocytic cells, was induced by LPS treatment in iMACs-AOs. iMACs-AOs can be used to understand pulmonary infectious diseases and is a useful tool in identifying the mechanism of action of therapeutic drugs in humans. Our study highlights the importance of immune cell presentation in AOs for modeling inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Basaria, Shehzad, Justin T. Wahlstrom, and Adrian S. Dobs. "Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.7983.
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The purpose of this study was to review the preclinical and clinical literature relevant to the efficacy and safety of anabolic androgen steroid therapy for palliative treatment of severe weight loss associated with chronic diseases. Data sources were published literature identified from the Medline database from January 1966 to December 2000, bibliographic references, and textbooks. Reports from preclinical and clinical trials were selected. Study designs and results were extracted from trial reports. Statistical evaluation or meta-analysis of combined results was not attempted. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are widely prescribed for the treatment of male hypogonadism; however, they may play a significant role in the treatment of other conditions as well, such as cachexia associated with human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, burns, renal and hepatic failure, and anemia associated with leukemia or kidney failure. A review of the anabolic effects of androgens and their efficacy in the treatment of these conditions is provided. In addition, the numerous and sometimes serious side effects that have been known to occur with androgen use are reviewed. Although the threat of various side effects is present, AAS therapy appears to have a favorable anabolic effect on patients with chronic diseases and muscle catabolism. We recommend that AAS can be used for the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting and in severely catabolic patients with severe burns. Preliminary data in renal failure-associated wasting are also positive. Advantages and disadvantages should be weighed carefully when comparing AAS therapy to other weight-gaining measures. Although a conservative approach to the use of AAS in patients with chronic diseases is still recommended, the utility of AAS therapy in the attenuation of severe weight loss associated with disease states such as cancer, postoperative recovery, and wasting due to pulmonary and hepatic disease should be more thoroughly investigated.
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Parkhomenko, K. Yu, A. G. Drozdova, M. V. Suplychenko, and K. A. Prokopenko. "OBSERVATION OF A CLINICAL CASE OF TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH FILARIASIS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 4-5 (October 26, 2022): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.4-5.2022.30.
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Summary. According to WHO data, about 4.5 million people are affected by parasitic diseases. In the last decade, the attention of clinicians has been drawn to parasitic diseases caused by helminth larvae of animals that are not characteristic of humans. Filariasis is the only transmissible human helminthosis in Ukraine. Despite the fact that there is an opinion that helminthiasis has become “forgotten diseases” in modern conditions, there is a tendency to underestimate their medical and social importance all over the world. In confirmation of the above, the article describes the case of treatment of a patient with filariasis. This clinical example demonstrates that this topic is relevant not only for effectionist doctors, but also for doctors of other specialties. Helminthiasis is often the last point in the chain of differential diagnostic thinking of the doctor. The urgency of the problem is due primarily to the significant prevalence, the pronounced negative impact on the human body, the polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which complicates the differential diagnosis of diseases, the lack of sterile immunity and specific methods of prevention.
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&NA;. "COMORBID CONDITIONS, TREATMENT AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN OLDER PERSONS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION IN NEW YORK CITY." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 11, no. 6 (August 2002): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-200208000-00019.
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Andrade, Luis E. C. "Future perspective for diagnosis in autoimmune diseases." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81, no. 3 (September 2009): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000300004.
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Human beings have taken successive approaches for the understanding and management of diseases. Initially brewed in supernatural concepts and mystical procedures, a vigorous scientific approach has emerged on the grounds of fundamental disciplines such as anatomy, microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology, pathology, and pharmacology. The resulting integrated knowledge contributed to the current classification of diseases and the way Medicine is carried out today. Despite considerable progress, this approach is rather insufficient when it comes to systemic inflammatory conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, that covers clinical conditions ranging from mild pauci-symptomatic diseases to rapidly fatal conditions. The treatment for such conditions is often insufficient and novel approaches are needed for further progress in these areas of Medicine. A recent breakthrough has been achieved with respect to chronic auto-inflammatory syndromes, in which molecular dissection of underlying gene defects has provided directions for target-oriented therapy. Such approach may be amenable to application in systemic auto-immune diseases with the comprehension that such conditions may be the consequence of interaction of specific environmental stimuli and an array of several and interconnected gene polymorphisms. On the bulk of this transformation, the application of principles of pharmacogenetics may lead the way towards a progressively stronger personalized Medicine.
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Nobile, Stefano, and Lucio Nobile. "Nanotechnology and Early Human Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124323.
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The application of nanotechnology, molecular biotechnologies, and nano-sciences for medical purposes has been termed nanomedicine, a promising growing area of medical research. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of and discuss nanotechnology applications in the early epochs of life, from transplacental transfer to neonatal/pediatric conditions. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications, mainly related to the respiratory tract, the neurosensory system, and infections, are explored and discussed. Preclinical studies show promising results for a variety of conditions, including for the treatment of pregnancy complications and fetal, neonatal, and pediatric diseases. However, given the complexity of the functions and interactions between the placenta and the fetus, and the complex and incompletely understood determinants of tissue growth and differentiation during early life, there is a need for much more data to confirm the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology in this field.
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Skrzypek, Mateusz, Paweł Warzyszak, Róża Małek, Maria Milczek, Wojciech Żołyniak, Mikołaj Tomasik, Izabela Hawranik, Szymon Niski, Ziemowit Żaba, and Aleksandra Lisowska. "Pathological conditions associated with hyperhomocysteinemia." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 13, no. 2 (January 3, 2023): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.13.02.032.
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The effect of excessive homocysteine concentration in human blood, on the cells and tissues of the body is very complex. The effect associated with the induction of oxidative stress and disruption of the biochemical balance of the intracellular space has a negative impact on the physiology of cells and the regularity of their functioning by changing their metabolism. This may result in the formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions, disorders in the coagulation system leading to thrombosis and, consequently, embolism, pathological changes in the central nervous system, which may translate into the formation of mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression and dementia. In addition, hyperhomocysteinemia affects the possible pathologies and complications of pregnancy associated with them, as well as the implications for fetal development if its aforementioned condition. The work presented here outlines the mechanisms that determine the formation of the aforementioned disease entities as a result of too much homocysteine and the clinical significance of these relationships. With the development of science and the increasing number of publications related to the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on diverse disease entities, there are voices suggesting the inclusion of studies on homocysteine concentrations in body fluids in screening as risk factors for the development of these diseases or using them for their control and treatment.
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Speer, Hollie, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Natalie I. Alexopoulos, Andrew J. McKune, and Nenad Naumovski. "Anthocyanins and Human Health—A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease." Antioxidants 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050366.
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Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of oxidative stress, and inflammatory or age-related diseases. Increased consumption of ACNs has the potential to attenuate the damage ensuing from oxidative stress, inflammation, enhance cardiometabolic health, and delay symptoms in predisposed neuropathology. A myriad of evidence supports ACN consumption as complementary or standalone treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, more recently, for the modulation of gut bacteria and bone metabolism. While these findings indicate the beneficial effects of ACN consumption, their food sources differ vastly in ACN composition and thus potentially in their physiological effects. Consumption of foods high in ACNs can be recommended for their potential beneficial health effects due to their relatively easy and accessible addition to the everyday diet.
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da Cunha, Andre Pires, and Howard L. Weiner. "Induction of Immunological Tolerance by Oral Anti-CD3." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/425021.
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In recent years, our knowledge about immunoregulation and autoimmunity has significantly advanced, but nontoxic and more effective treatments for different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are still lacking. Oral tolerance is of unique immunologic importance because it is a continuous natural immunologic event driven by exogenous antigen and is an attractive approach for treatment of these conditions. Parenteral administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody is an approved therapy for transplantation in humans and is effective in autoimmune diabetes. Orally administered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody is biologically active in the gut and suppresses experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Orally delivered antibody does not have side effects including cytokine release syndromes, thus oral anti-CD3 antibody is clinically applicable for chronic therapy. Here we review findings that identify a novel and powerful immunologic approach that is widely applicable for the treatment of human autoimmune conditions.
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Kulkarni, Varun, Juhi Raju Uttamani, Afsar Raza Naqvi, and Salvador Nares. "microRNAs: Emerging players in oral cancers and inflammatory disorders." Tumor Biology 39, no. 5 (May 2017): 101042831769837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317698379.
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Association of oral diseases and disorders with altered microRNA profiles is firmly recognized. These evidences support the potential use of microRNAs as therapeutic tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the association of altered microRNA signatures in oral cancers and oral inflammatory diseases. Advances in our ability to detect microRNAs in human sera and saliva further highlight their clinical value as potential biomarkers. We have discussed key mechanisms underlying microRNA dysregulation in pathological conditions. The use of microRNAs in diagnostics and their potential therapeutic value in the treatment of oral diseases are reviewed.
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Rosalik, Kendal, Christopher Tarney, and Jasmine Han. "Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061091.
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Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide causing a variety of benign and malignant conditions. A significant portion of the global population is infected with HPV, with the virus attributed to causing up to 5% of cancers worldwide. Bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent vaccinations exist to aid in the prevention of these diseases and have been proven to be effective at preventing both benign and malignant disease. While vaccination is readily accessible in more developed countries, barriers exist to worldwide distribution and acceptance of vaccination. Vaccination and screening of HPV infection when used in combination are proven and predicted to decrease HPV related pathology. Improvements in vaccination formulations, for treatment as well as prevention, are actively being sought from a variety of mechanisms. Despite these advancements, and the data supporting their efficacy, there has been substantial delay in obtaining adequate vaccination coverage. In reviewing these challenges and looking forward to new vaccine development—especially within the current pandemic—it is clear from the challenges of HPV we require methods to more effectively encourage vaccination, ways to dispel vaccination myths as they occur, and implement better processes for vaccine distribution globally.
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Paragh, Lilla, and Daniel Törőcsik. "Factor XIII Subunit A in the Skin: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3571861.
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The role of factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is not restricted to hemostasis. FXIII-A is also present intracellularly in several human cells and serves as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. In this review, we provide a guide on the still controversial interpretation of dermal cell types expressing FXIII-A and assess the previously described mechanisms behind their accumulation under physiological and pathological conditions of the human skin. We summarize the intracellular functions of FXIII-A as well as its possible sources in the extracellular space of the dermis with a focus on its relevance to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, the potential role of FXIII-A in wound healing, as a field with long-term therapeutic implications, is also discussed.
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Bellera, Carolina L., Maria L. Sbaraglini, and Alan Talevi. "Modern Approaches for the Discovery of Anti-Infectious Drugs for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180509151146.
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Neglected diseases comprise a number of infectious diseases historically endemic to low- and middle-income countries, though recently they have spread to high-income countries due to human migrations. In the past, pharmaceutical companies have shown hesitant to invest in these health conditions, due to the limited return on investment. As a result, the role of the academic sector and not-for-profit organizations in the discovery of new drugs for neglected diseases has been particularly relevant. Here, we review recent applications of modern drug discovery technologies in the field of neglected diseases, including high-throughput screening, in silico screening and computer-aided drug design. The suitability and perspectives of each approach are discussed depending on the context, along with the technology and translational gaps influencing them.
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Luo, Yun, Chong-Zhi Wang, Julia Hesse-Fong, Jaung-Geng Lin, and Chun-Su Yuan. "Application of Chinese Medicine in Acute and Critical Medical Conditions." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, no. 06 (January 2019): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500629.
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Western medicine is routinely used in developed nations as well as in Eastern countries, where traditional medicine is frequently used by a selection of patients or family member as a complement to mainstream Western medicine. Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of chronic diseases, especially when Western medicine is not very effective. Many published reports have shown that Chinese medicine could also be successfully used in the management of acute and critical illnesses. Chinese medicine has a holistic view of the human body, and emphasizes individualization based on body balance and mind–body interaction and employs herbal medicines and acupuncture. This review paper gives a brief overview of Chinese medicine theory and therapeutic modality and then addresses the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute and critical medical conditions, including epidemics. Using this ancient therapy as a complementary medicine, the management of serious medical conditions, such as SARS, acute heart diseases, and ischemic cerebral stroke, are presented. In order to promote more widespread application of Chinese medicine, well-designed controlled clinical trials are urgently needed to prove its safety and effectiveness.
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Nasonov, Evgeny L. "Role of interleukin-1 in human diseases: pharmacotherapy prospects: A review." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 94, no. 8 (October 12, 2022): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201781.
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According to current concepts, human immunoinflammatory diseases (IIDs), depending on the prevailing mechanisms of immunopathogenesis, are divided into two main categories: autoimmune and autoinflammatory. At the same time, both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of most IIDs, and the complex interaction of these mechanisms is reflected in the polymorphism of clinical presentation, course variants, outcomes and therapy efficacy. It is suggested that in IIDs, overproduction of cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, which is one of the key regulators of innate immunity, determines the "crossing" between autoinflammation and autoimmunity mechanisms. Currently, anakinra, a recombinant non-glycosylated analog of the IL-1 receptor antagonist that blocks both IL-1b and IL-1a signaling, and canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-1b, are used in clinical practice to inhibit the pathological effects of IL-1. Analysis of the treatment outcomes with these drugs suggests that IL-1 inhibition should be considered a promising direction of pharmacotherapy of systemic autoinflammatory diseases and critical conditions associated with hyperinflammation in children and adults.
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Huang, Qi, Juan Yang, Robby Miguel Wen-Jing Goh, Mingliang You, Lingzhi Wang, and Zhaowu Ma. "Hypoxia-Induced circRNAs in Human Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Applications." Cells 11, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091381.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs characterized by closed loop structures lacking 5′ to 3′ polarity and polyadenylated tails. They are widely present in various organisms and are more stable and conserved than linear RNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play important roles in physiology-related processes. Under pathological conditions, hypoxia usually worsens disease progression by manipulating the microenvironment for inflammation and invasion through various dysregulated biological molecules. Among them, circRNAs, which are involved in many human diseases, including cancer, are associated with the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors. However, the precise mechanisms of hypoxic regulation by circRNAs remain largely unknown. This review summarizes emerging evidence regarding the interplay between circRNAs and hypoxia in the pathophysiological changes of diverse human diseases, including cancer. Next, the impact of hypoxia-induced circRNAs on cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism will be discussed. Last, but not least, the potential application of circRNAs in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases will be highlighted.
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Zheng, Song Guo, Julie Wang, David Horwitz, Francisco Quismorio, and Ling Lu. "Critical role of all-trans retinoic acid in stabilizing human nTregs under inflammatory conditions (P5133)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 137.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.137.8.
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Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that thymus-derived naturally-occurring CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) in both human and mouse are unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. All-trans Retinoic Acid (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been shown to regulate Treg and T effector cell differentiation. Herein, we report that atRA prevents human nTregs from converting to Th1 and/or Th17 cells and sustains their Foxp3 expression and suppressive function in vitro or in vivo following encountering with IL-1 and IL-6. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of human nTregs pre-treated with atRA significantly enhanced their suppressive effect on xeno-graft versus host diseases (xGVHD) and only these cells after stimulating with IL-1/IL-6 sustained the functional activity against xGVHD in a humanized animal model. atRA suppresses IL-1R upregulation and accelerates IL-6R downregulation and diminishes their signaling events, as well as increases histone acetylation on FOXP3 gene promoter and CpG demethylation in CNS regions of FOXP3 gene locus. These results strongly implicate that nTregs primed with atRA may represent a novel treatment strategy to control established chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Maeda, Akiko, Michiko Mandai, and Masayo Takahashi. "Gene and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Retinal Diseases." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015043.
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Given the importance of visual information to many daily activities, retinal degenerative diseases—which include both inherited conditions (such as retinitis pigmentosa) and acquired conditions (such as age-related macular degeneration)—can have a dramatic impact on human lives. The therapeutic options for these diseases remain limited. Since the discovery of the first causal gene for retinitis pigmentosa almost three decades ago, more than 250 genes have been identified, and gene therapies have been rapidly developed. Simultaneously, stem cell technologies such as induced pluripotent stem cell–based transplantation have advanced and have been applied to the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we review recent progress in these expanding fields and discuss the potential for precision medicine in ophthalmic care.
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Kramer, Matthias F., and Matthew D. Heath. "Probiotics in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Journal of Allergy 2014 (April 28, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/983635.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis (CRS) are relevant health conditions affecting significant percentages of the western population. They are frequently coexisting and aggravating diseases. Both are chronic, noninfectious, and inflammatory conditions sharing to a certain extent important pathophysiologic similarities. Beneficial effects of probiotics are long known to mankind. Research is beginning to unravel the true nature of the human microbiome and its interaction with the immune system. The growing prevalence of atopic diseases in the developed world led to the proposition of the “hygiene hypothesis.” Dysbiosis is linked to atopic diseases; probiotic supplementation is able to alter the microbiome and certain probiotic strains have immunomodulatory effects in favour of a suppression of Th-2 and stimulation of a Th1 profile. This review focuses on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating clinical parameters in the treatment of chronic rhinitis and CRS. An emerging number of publications demonstrate beneficial effects using probiotics in clinical double-blind placebo-controlled (dbpc) trials in allergic rhinitis (AR). Using probiotics as complementary treatment options in AR seems to be a promising concept although the evidence is of a preliminary nature to date and more convincing trials are needed. There are no current data to support the use of probiotics in non-AR or CRS.
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Bertoni, Giuseppe. "Human, Animal and Planet Health for Complete Sustainability." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051301.
Full textAbstract:
In order to discuss the concepts of animal health and sustainability, we must remind ourselves that ASF (animal source foods) can play a large role in human health, but that animals are assumed to have a negative role in the environment. Indeed, ASF can compromise human health, both in excess and in deficiency, so a proper amount of them is important. In addition, the environmental impact of farmed animals: land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use and water utilization, acidification and eutrophication, must be minimized by reducing ASF consumption, as well as by increasing productivity. To achieve this, besides genetics, feeding and good management, the hygienic-sanitary and comfort conditions that ensure good health and welfare are essential. Impaired animal health can cause zoonosis and food-borne diseases and be responsible for economic and socio-economic losses (lower production-productivity and profitability) with consequential effects on the planet’s health too, and there are big differences between developing and developed countries. In the former, a prevalence of endemic infectious diseases and parasites is observed, and there is a lack of tools to restrain them; in the latter there is a decline of the above diseases, but an increase of stress-related diseases. Their reduction is equally important but requires a different strategy. In developing countries, the strategy should be to facilitate the availability of prevention and treatment means, while in developed countries it is necessary to use drugs correctly (to reduce residues, especially antimicrobials which are associated with important resistance risks to antibiotics) and improve the living conditions of animals (welfare).