Academic literature on the topic 'Treatment of human diseases and conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Calabrese, EJ, G. Dhawan, R. Kapoor, and WJ Kozumbo. "Radiotherapy treatment of human inflammatory diseases and conditions: Optimal dose." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 8 (May 6, 2019): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119846925.
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During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a successful and safe alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of many diverse inflammatory conditions and diseases (e.g. tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, and serious inflammatory lung conditions). Data from these studies were collected and analyzed with the intent of estimating an optimal dosing range for RT that would induce an efficacious treatment response. RT was reported to be frequently effective after only a single treatment, with a rapid (within 24 h) and often long-lasting (from months to years) relief from symptoms. Over a two-decade span from the 1920s to the 1940s, the therapeutic responses to a single RT treatment consistently improved as the dosing for multiple ailments decreased over time to between 30 roentgen (r) and 100 r. These findings are significant and in agreement with a number of contemporary reports from Germany where RT has been commonly and successfully employed in treating ailments with an inflammatory origin. A proposed mechanism by which RT mitigates inflammation and facilitates healing is via the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory or M2 phenotype.
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Degterev, Alexei, Dimitry Ofengeim, and Junying Yuan. "Targeting RIPK1 for the treatment of human diseases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (May 2, 2019): 9714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901179116.
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RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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Safarov, M. T., F. A. Khusanbaeva, K. M. Tashpulatova, and A. M. Khodjiberganov. "THE USE OF PLATELET AUTOPLASMA IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-2-1.
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The search for new ways of early detection and improving the effectiveness of treatinginflammatory periodontal diseases is one of the urgent tasks in modern dentistry. Inflammatory diseases in the periodontal tissues lead to the loss of teeth, the appearance offoci of chronic infection in the oral cavity, a decrease in the body's reactivity, microbial sensitization, and the development of allergic conditions. This pathological process is not a strictly limited pathology but, as a rule, is just one of the manifestations of more serious systemic diseases. The general state of human health, the quality of life, his socio-mental status and even his role in society suffer.Keywords:periodontium, inflammation, platelet autoplasm
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Antonevich, Natalya, Andrei Hancharou, Oksana Timokhina, Elena Rynda, Yana Minich, Alexander Prokhorov, Tatiana Mokhort, and Konstantin Chizh. "New biomedical cell products for immunotherapy of human diseases." Science and Innovations 2, no. 228 (February 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2022-2-15-23.
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Cellular therapy develops rapidly throughout the world. The list of diseases of various etiologies that are treated with biomedical cellular products is constantly growing. The Center for Immunology and Allergology was opened in the The Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of National Academy of Science of Belarus in 2021. Since that the developing of new biomedical cell products for the correction of immunopathological conditions was started in collaboration with the Belarusian State Medical University. The technologies for producing of biomedical cellular products based on cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of oncological diseases of the urogenital area, tolerogenic dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and regulatory T lymphocytes for the treatment of sclerosis were developed.
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Dastoli, Stefano, Steven Paul Nisticò, Pietro Morrone, Cataldo Patruno, Antonio Leo, Rita Citraro, Luca Gallelli, Emilio Russo, Giovambattista De Sarro, and Luigi Bennardo. "Colchicine in Managing Skin Conditions: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020294.
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(1) Background: Colchicine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat various disorders, including some skin diseases. This paper aims to incorporate all the available studies proposing colchicine as a treatment alternative in the management of cutaneous conditions. (2) Methods: In this systematic review, the available articles present in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, and Web of Science), proposing colchicine as a treatment for cutaneous pathological conditions, have been selected. Exclusion criteria included a non-English language and non-human studies. (3) Results: Ninety-six studies were included. Most of them were case reports and case series studies describing colchicine as single therapy, or in combination with other drugs. Hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, storage diseases, perforating dermatosis, bullous diseases, psoriasis, vasculitis, acne, urticaria, stomatitis, actinic keratosis, and pustular dermatosis were the main diseases discussed in literature. Although the therapeutic outcomes were variable, most of the studies reported, on average, good clinical results (4) Conclusions: Colchicine could be, as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, a possible treatment to manage several skin diseases.
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Prakash, Ravi, Santosh Kumar Yadav, and Syed Shadab Raza. "STEM CELLS THERAPY IN HUMAN WELFARE AND DISEASE." Era's Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 2 (December 2020): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2020.39.
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The study Global Burden of Disease (GBD) drew international healthcare community's attention to the burden of neurological disorders and many other chronic conditions. This study highlighted that the burden of neurological disorders was seriously underrated by traditional epidemiological and health statistical methods that prefer only mortality rates but not disability rates. There has recently been a great deal of interest in stem cells and the nervous system, in terms of their potential for deciphering developmental issues as well as their therapeutic potential. With the advancement in cell culture, isolation techniques, and molecular analyses, various types of stem cells have now been broadly classified, isolated, and characterized from different parts of the body, even from brain and heart. The concept of stem cell-based therapy provided new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss about ongoing stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease.
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Rashid, Sulthan Al. "The Role of Probiotics in Various Diseases." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i3.292.
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We know that probiotics are found to be useful in various conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, opioid tolerance, indigestion, depression, anxiety, and ADHD. But still, we don’t know the proper mechanism involved in the treatment of these conditions by probiotics supplementation. In this Letter to Editor, I have written one interesting hypothesis which connects probiotics’ common mechanism of action to all these diseases.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 375-376
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Gilmiyarova, Frida Nasyrovna, N. A. Kolotyeva, V. I. Kuzmicheva, O. A. Gusyakova, I. A. Borodina, G. M. Baisheva, and I. A. Selezneva. "BLOOD GROUP AND HUMAN DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-216-221.
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AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify group-specific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic» blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.
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MNVS, Sandhya, Vanitha K, and Ramesh A. "Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 3759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.4.1.
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The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.
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Sachdeva, Aishani, Jerome Gouge, Christos Kontovounisios, Stella Nikolaou, Alan Ashworth, Kenneth Lim, and Irene Chong. "Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061665.
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Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Roodhouse, Amanda. "Modeling human leg arteries: a comparison of conditions and diseases." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5029.
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Peripheral artery disease is a condition that is prevalent among the American population. It is caused by plaque buildup in arteries, known as atherosclerosis, other than those arteries in the heart and brain. While peripheral artery disease is not generally life threatening, complications from this disease can lead to intense pain, amputation and severe loss of quality of life. Most of the studies focusing on the lower limb arteries have been finite element studies looking at the bending effects on stents. These models are useful for stent design; however do not encompass the effects that curvatures, bifurcations and bends have on the fluid mechanics of blood flow.
This thesis creates several computational fluid dynamics models of the Superficial Femoral, Deep Femoral and the Popliteal Arteries in an attempt to evaluate diseases and conditions that may contribute to peripheral artery disease. This includes the varying positions that the artery many take on during ordinary leg movement, the effects of pulsating flow, the effects of stenosis and stents, as well as the effects of increased and decreased viscosity caused by variable hemotocrit count.
The results of these models were examined using various graphs of the mass flow rates, velocity profiles, wall shearing stress and static pressures. It was shown that stead state simulations will underestimate wall shearing stress and that diabetic blood will nearly double the wall shearing stress experienced in the arteries. The curvatures in the arteries will create areas of increased and decreased wall shear stress, as well as generate recirculation zones. Higher hemotocrit count decreases the recirculation zones and lower hemotocrit count increases these zones. These areas of low wall shear stress have a greater chance of forming plaque buildup; whereas the increased areas of stress can cause aneurisms in the arteries and put additional strain on the stent implants, possibly contributing failure.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
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Mondal, Utpal Kumar. "CARBONIC ANHYDRASE MODULATORS FOR DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN DISEASES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/543241.
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Pharmaceutical SciencesPh.D.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO2 under physiologic conditions and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Modulation of CA activity, particularly CA inhibition is exploited pharmacologically for the treatment of many diseases such as cancer, glaucoma, edemas, mountain sickness. CA activation has been less frequently investigated till recently. Genetic deficiencies of several CA isozymes are reported in the literature and reflect the important role of carbonic anhydrases in human physiology and homeostasis. Activation of CA isozymes in brain have been correlated recently with spatial learning and memory. Based on these premises, activators of CA isozymes have the potential to alleviate mild dementias and to act as potential nootropic agents. In chapter 3, continuing our long-term interests towards the development of potent and selective CAAs, we carried out X-ray crystallographic studies with a small series of pyridinium histamine derivatives, previously developed as CAAs by our group. This study revealed important insights into the binding of this class of activators into the active site of CA II isozyme. A potent pyridinium histamine CAA 25i was successfully crystallized with CA II isozyme and was found to bind into the hydrophobic region of the active site, with two binding conformations being observed. This is one of the very few X-ray crystal structures of a CAA available. Based on the findings of this X-ray crystallographic study and building on our previously developed ethylene bis-imidazole CAAs, we advanced a novel series of lipophilic bis-imidazoles. Enzymatic assays carried out on purified human CA isozymes revealed several low nanomolar potent activators against various brain-relevant CA isozymes. Bis-imidazole 30e was found to be a nanomolar potent activator for CA IV, CA VA and CA IX. Due to their conjugated structure, these CAAs were also fluorescent and therefore were fully characterized in terms of photophysical properties, with several representatives proving to display very good fluorophores. The very good activation profile against several different CA isozymes, along with excellent fluorescence properties recommend these compounds as great molecular tools for elucidation of role of CA isozymes in brain physiology, as well as towards improvement of memory and learning. Focusing on inhibition of CA isozymes, it must be stressed that over the last decade a clear connection had been established between the expression of CA IX and CA XII and cancer. Since cancer is the second most common cause of death in the world, we explored the possibility to kill cancer cells via inhibition of different CA isozymes present in cancer cells. The membrane bound carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) isozyme represents a particularly interesting anticancer target as it is significantly overexpressed in many solid tumors as compared to normal tissues. In malign tissues this CA isozyme was found to play important role in pH homeostasis and promotes tumor cell survival, progression and metastasis. Thus, CA IX represents a potential biomarker and an appealing therapeutic target for the detection and treatment of cancer. CA IX can be targeted either through the development of small or large molecular weight, potent, and selective inhibitors or through the development of CA IX targeted drug delivery systems for selective delivery of potent chemotherapeutic agents. Building on these premises, in this dissertation, we also revealed our continuing efforts towards the development of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors along with their translation into the development of CA IX targeted drug delivery systems. In chapter 4, we designed a series of small molecular weight (MW) ureido 1,3,4-thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives employing the “tail approach”, through the decoration of established sulfonamide CA inhibitor warheads with different tail moieties via ureido linker. The generated CAIs were tested against tumor associated CA IX and CA XII isozymes and off-target cytosolic isozymes CA I and CA II, and were revealed to be moderate to highly selective and nanomolar, even sub-nanomolar, potent CA IX inhibitors. Several potent pan-inhibitors were also identified in this section. We assessed these CAIs for their in vitro cell killing ability using MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line expressing CA IX and CA XII. The most efficient CAI proved to be ureido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide 69, which showed subnanomolar potency against purified human CA IX and CA XII isozymes, with good selectivity against CA I and CA II, and consistent, statistically significant cancer cell killing. In Chapter 5, continuing our efforts towards the development of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors, we designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated a new series of PEGylated 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide CAIs, bearing different PEG backbone length. We increased the PEG size from 1K to 20K, in order to better understand the impact of the PEG linker length on the in vitro cell killing ability against CA IX expressing cancer cell lines and also against a CA IX negative cell line. In vitro cell viability assays revealed the optimum PEG linker length for this type of bifunctional bis-sulfonamide CAIs in killing the tumor cells. The most efficient PEGylated CAI was found to bis-sulfonamide DTP1K 91, which showed consistent and significant cancer cell killing at concentrations of 10−100 μM across different CA IX and CA XII expressing cancer cell lines. DTP1K 91 did not affect the cell viability of CA IX negative NCI-H23 tumor cells, thus revealing a CA IX mediated cell killing for these inhibitors. In chapter 6, we decided to further explore the possibility of using CA IX as a targeting epitome for the development of a gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery system. We translated the oligoEG- and PEGylated CAI conjugates into efficient targeting ligands for gold nanoparticle decoration along with chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox), in a novel multi-ligand gold nanoplatform designed to selectively release the drug intracellularly, in order to enhance the selective tumor drug uptake and tumor killing. We were successful in developing compatible CAI- and Dox- ligands for efficient dual functionalization of gold nanoparticles. Our optimized, CA IX targeted gold nanoplatform was found to be very efficient towards killing HT-29 tumor cells especially under hypoxic conditions, reducing the hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, thus confirmed the potentiating role of CA IX as a targeting epitome.
Temple University--Theses
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Masokwane, Patrick Maburu Dintle. "Prevalence of non-AIDS defining conditions and their associations with virologic treatment failure among adult patients on anti-retroviral treatment in Botswana." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5247.
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Magister Public Health - MPHBackground: The recognition of HIV/AIDS as a chronic life-long condition globally in recent years has demanded a different perception and an alignment to its association with other chronic diseases. Both HIV and other chronic non-communicable diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Their combined DALY contributions for Botswana would be significant if research and strategies in controlling these conditions are not put in place. Natural aging and specific HIV-related accelerated aging of patients who are on antiretroviral treatment means that age-related diseases will adversely affect this population. Princess Marina Hospital Infectious Diseases Care Clinic has been in operation since 2002. The clinic has initiated over 16 000 patients on anti-retroviral treatment (ART) since 2002. The current study estimated the prevalence of non-AIDS defining conditions (NADCs) in the attendees of the clinic in 2013. The majority of patients that attended the clinic had been on treatment for over three years with some patients more than ten years. These ART experienced patients were more likely to be susceptible to chronic non-communicable diseases, including non-AIDS defining conditions. The nomenclature used in classification of NADCs in the current study was appropriate for resource-limited settings; because the study setting offered HIV treatment under resources constraints. Aim: The current study characterised non-AIDS defining conditions, and determined their associations with virologic treatment failure in a cohort of patients that were enrolled at Princess Marina Hospital antiretroviral clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study of records of patients who attended the Princess Marina Infectious Diseases Care Clinic in 2013. Stratified random sampling of a total of 228 patients’ records was achieved from a total population of 5,781 records. Data was transcribed into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then exported to Epi-Info statistical software for analysis. Results: Eighty (35%) cases of NADCs were reported/diagnosed in the study sample; with 27% (n=62) of the patients having at least one condition, 6.7% (n=17) two conditions, and 0.4% (n=1) three conditions. The top prevalent conditions were hypertension (n= 40), hyperlipidaemia (n=7) and lipodystrophy (n=7). The prevalence of NADCs on the various categories of patients compared with the total sample population was as follows: active patients (prevalence ratio= 0.70), transferred out patients (prevalence ratio = 1.24), patients who died (prevalence ratio=2.04) and patients who were lost to follow-up (prevalence ratio =2.86). The prevalence of NADCs was significantly associated with increasing age (p<0.001); having social problems (p=0.028); having been on treatment for over three years (p=0.007); an outcome of death (p = 0.03) and being lost to follow-up (p=0.007). The study showed that being controlled on second line or salvage regimen (p=0.014) and the presence of adherence problems in the past was associated with virologic failure (p=0.008). There was no association of presence of NADCs to virologic failure. Conclusions: There was significant morbidity of non-AIDS defining conditions in the Princess Marina Infectious Diseases Care Clinic shown by a prevalence of NADCs in the clinic of 35% in 2013.The significant associations of the presence of NADCs and virologic failure with outcomes of death and loss to follow-up illustrate the adverse effects that NADCs are having, and calls for strategies to address multi-morbidities in HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment.
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Langenhan, Jana [Verfasser]. "Development of specific immunoadsorbers for the treatment of human pemphigus diseases / Jana Langenhan." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026457408/34.
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Talegaonkar, Sonia S. "The Role of Human MSC Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4969.
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Periodontal disease affects 47% of Americans over 30. Characterized by microbial dysbiosis and unregulated inflammation, severe periodontitis causes degradation of bone and soft tissue around teeth. Current treatments have limited regenerative outcomes and frequent reinfection by harmful bacteria. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been shown to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. Many therapeutic benefits of hMSCs are due to their secretome products, like exosomes. Our long-term goal is to develop periodontal therapies with hMSC exosomes. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of hMSC-derived exosomes on cellular activity of hMSCs and investigate whether hMSC exosome treatment reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. The specific aims of this study were: 1) Determine the characteristics of hMSC-derived exosomes, 2) Determine the biological effect of exosomes on cellular activity of hMSCs, 3) Determine whether exosomes treatment can inhibit cytokine production in activated RAW264.7 cells, and 4) Determine the role of exosomal miRNA in pro-inflammatory cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells. To investigate, exosomes were first harvested from hMSCs culture media through ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were then observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and assessed for surface markers using Western Blot. A transwell migration assay was used to evaluate the chemotactic effect of exosomes. To study the effect of exosomes on stem cell proliferation, exosomes were administered to hMSCs. The immunogenicity of MSC exosome was also evaluated. After 72 hours, cells were lysed and DNA was measured. To study anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes, LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells were treated with exosomes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels of supernatant were measured by ELISA. To study exosomal miRNA, exosomal miRNAs were overexpressed in RAW264.7 cells and these cells were stimulated with LPS. IL-6 and TNFα were measured by ELISA. TEM images showed that exosomes are nano-sized vesicles (~100 nm). Western blot images showed that CD63 and CD81 are enriched in exosomes compared to total cell lysates. Exosome treatment increased cell proliferation and migration in hMSCs. At the doses that are chemotactic and mitogenic, MSC exosomes had minimal effect on the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 production. Treatment with exosomes significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFα production in RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS. Transfecting RAW264.7 cells with exosomal miR-760 significantly decreased IL-6 production, but had minimal effect on TNFα. Our results indicate that exosomes have a pleiotropic activity, which includes stimulating stem cell migration and proliferation, and mitigating the inflammatory response. Therefore, hMSC exosome delivery is promising for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Simon, Remil B. S., Darshan M. D. Shah, Peter B. S. Blosser, Demetrio M. D. Macariola, and Jeffrey M. D. Carlsen. "Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/165.
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Title: Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn
Author’s Section: Remil Simon1, Darshan Shah1, Peter Blosser1, Demetrio Macariola1, Jeffrey Carlsen2
1.Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
2.Johnson City Eye Clinic, Johnson City, TN
Body: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the neonate is an infrequent occurrence in the developing world, and observing the symptoms of ocular CMV infection such as vitritis is rare. Treating CMV infection promptly is necessary to prevent mortality and potential neurological deficits including blindness and hearing loss. We encountered a preterm infant presenting with CMV sepsis immediately after birth. Our question was: will the current standard of treatment for CMV sepsis prevent CMV ocular infection? With our method of treatment, we followed the current standard of treatment for CMV infection by administering intravenous Gancyclovir for 6 weeks and oral Valgancyclovir for 6 months. Despite using the standard treatment to prevent neurological sequelae, the patient developed CMV vitritis and retinitis bilaterally. Although the treatment did not prevent CMV ocular infection, the severity of CMV retinitis and vitritis improved with treatment, and full resolution of vitritis was noted by day of life 61.
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Lai, Wing-hon Kevin, and 黎永漢. "Generation of vasculogenic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197112.
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Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Theoretically, a variety of tissues can be generated from this progeny. The production of tailor-made stem cells for individualized patient treatment is the ultimate goal of stem cell based therapy. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold the precious key to success and promote the clinical application of stem cells. By reprogramming somatic cells, pluripotent stem cells can be generated in a patient-specific manner and subsequently differentiated into specific tissue for regeneration. Nonetheless exposure of hiPSCs to animal feeder cells and serum during generation and maintenance imposes a risk of transmitting animal pathogens to human subjects, thus hindering their potential therapeutic application. In addition, the efficacy of iPSC generation is < 1% of total somatic cells used. The first part of the study focused on the development of improved methods to produce a more efficient xenogen-free culture system to produce more clinically compatible iPSCs.
Specific tissue or cells derived from stem cells may offer a solution and cell therapy using endothelial cells and their progenitors may be possible in treatment of severe cardiovascular diseases. In theory, endothelial cells can be generated from different sources of progenitor cells although no direct comparison of these various derived endothelial cells (ECs) has been reported. Thus in the second part of the study, the functional and physiological properties of BM, ESC and iPSC-ECs will be evaluated to determine their therapeutic potential in ischemic disease. A mouse hind limb ischemia model was used to assess and monitor neovascularization by the derived ECs. The results can provide further insight to evaluate the possibility of using iPSCEC as the cell source for patient-specific treatment.
Use of pluripotent stem cells is a promising approach in therapeutic angiogenesis although numerous hurdles continue to hamper their widespread clinical use. Conditioned medium derived from progenitor cells may be another possible strategy in the treatment of ischemic diseases such that direct cell transplantation is avoided.
Conditioned media produced from ex vivo culture of endothelial cells contain a combination of angiogenic factors that can be applied to promote neovascularization in ischemic tissue. Nonetheless the efficacy of this angiogenic application is unknown. The third part of the study focused on the potential application of EC-derived conditioned media in the treatment of ischemic disease using a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Some cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes might affect endothelial cell function such that autologous application of ECs and their conditioned media is not feasible. A human embryonic stem cell line may offer and alternative means to obtain stable quality ECs and conditioned medium for therapeutic use.
In summary, advances in stem cell technology hold great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, further improved by the generation of patient-specific stem cells using iPSC technology. Vascular cells can be generated from different sources of stem cells with similar angiogenic properties and may be used in the treatment of ischemic diseases.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Khalid, Mahwish Rani, and Mahwish Rani Khalid. "Line1: Implications in the Etiology of Human Diseases, Clinical Utilities, and Pharmacological Target for Disease Treatment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626716.
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Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (Line-1 or L1) accounts for approximately 17% of the human genome. The majority of L1s are inactive, but ~100 remain retrotransposon competent (RC-L1) and retrotranspose through RNA intermediates to different locations of the genome. It is well established that L1 is involved in both disease initiation and progression via retrotransposition dependent and independent mechanisms. Retrotransposed L1 sequences disrupt loci (e.g. gene structure) in ways that lead to human disease, and activities of L1 si/piRNA, ORF1 and ORF2 proteins are implicated in the etiology and progression of human diseases such as in breast and colon cancer (Miki et al., 1992; Ohms et al., 2014). Despite these implications, very little is known about pharmacological molecules that inhibit and reverse L1’s harmful effects. The clinical utility of L1 as a player in tumorigenesis and as a biomarker for disease initiation and progression is not thoroughly understood. In this review, we analyzed the life cycle of L1, its roles in disease initiation and progression, clinical utilities and potential as a pharmacological target and a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, such as cancer.
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Li, Xiang, and 李想. "Effects of human mesenchymal stem cells on cigarette smoke-induced lung damage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618209.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent airway obstruction that is only partially reversible. It is the fourth leading cause of death and is predicted to be the third by 2030. The progression of the disease involves chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, excess protease activity, increased lung cell apoptosis and accelerated lung aging, but the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. The major cause of COPD is cigarette smoking(CS). Although COPD is associated with increasing social and economical burden, there have been few advances in pharmacological therapy of COPD.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are fibroblast-like multipotent stem cells which can be isolated from a broad range of sources including bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue. Administration of BM-derivedMSCs (BM-MSC) or adipose tissue-derived MSCs was reported to attenuate CS-induced emphysema in murine models. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSC (IPSC-MSC) are MSCs differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells(IPSCs), which are pluripotent cells generated by somatic cell reprogramming in vitro. IPSC-MSCs have several advantages over BM-MSC, including more abundant sources and high capacity of doubling without loss of differentiation potency.
A general exploration and comparison on the effects of human IPSC-MSC and BM-MSC treatments were carried out in a 56-day CS-exposed rat model. Compared to BM-MSC, IPSC-MSC showed a higher capacity to reside in lung tissue. The two treatments shared similar efficacy to attenuate CS-induced lung cell apoptosis, to restore CS-induced reduction of lungIL-10and to alleviate CS-induced elevation of systemic TGF-β1. In addition, IPSC-MSC was found to cause reduction in CS-induced elevation of systemic oxidative stress and reversal of CS-induced reduction of lung adiponectin.
Furthermore, in order to understand the possible paracrine mechanism involved, human airway epithelial cells were treated with IPSC-MSC or BM-MSC-conditioned medium in a cell culture system in the presence of cigarette smoke medium (CSM). Potentiation rather than attenuation of CSM-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-6 was observed with IPSC-MSC or BM-MSC conditioned medium. It is currently unknown whether cultured IPSC-MSCs or BM-MSCs will release pro-inflammatory mediators into the conditioned medium or not.
In order to study CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a short time frame, anacute (5-day) CS-exposed rat model was established in juvenile and adult groups. An age-dependent alteration of CS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses was demonstrated in this model.
In summary, our in vivo rat model provides a platform for elucidating the effects of stem cell treatment in CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to lung damage. Our findings suggest that treatment of IPSC-MSC or BM-MSC might be able to slow down CS-induced disease progression, possibly through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. However, caution should be taken as our in vitro data revealed that conditioned medium from MSCs may provoke pro-inflammatory responses. Further studies on the regulation of the activity of MSCs in vivo will be needed before developing IPSC-MSC into cell therapies for COPD to halt the progression over time.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Chacko, Anu. "Comparison of human and animal Chlamydia pneumoniae responses to interferon gamma and penicillin treatment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/85438/1/Anu_Chacko_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis has made a significant contribution to future chlamydial research by uncovering the chlamydial pathogenic mechanisms which will potentially help in the development of targeted vaccine against the pathogen. This thesis has made important new contributions to our understanding of Chlamydia pneumoniae specific adaptations to stress responses and has provided new perspectives on the survival of this successful pathogen. This thesis has used two well established microbial stressors and has identified major differences in stress responses between human and animal Chlamydia pneumoniae isolates.
Books on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Batten, Donna, and Paul Schummer. Human diseases and conditions. Farmington Hills, Mich: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2016.
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Kumar, Sunil, Niharika Chandra, Leena Singh, Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi, and Ajit Varma, eds. Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8.
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Alderson, W. E. Treatment of skin diseases: Viral conditions. Bradford: University of Bradford School of Studies in Pharmacology, 1985.
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Acupuncture: Treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
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Frazier, Margaret Schell. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
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A, Drzymkowski Jeanette, and Doty Sandra J, eds. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996.
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Frazier, Margaret Schell. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
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Wist, Drzymkowski Jeanette, ed. Essentials of human diseases and conditions. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders, 2000.
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D, Goodman Herbert, and Buff Sheila, eds. Treating digestive conditions. New York: Berkley Books, 1997.
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Borland, Douglas M. The treatment of certain heart conditions by homoeopathy. New Delhi: Jain, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Arechavala-Gomeza, Virginia, and Alejandro Garanto. "Antisense RNA Therapeutics: A Brief Overview." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 33–49. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_2.
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AbstractNucleic acid therapeutics is a growing field aiming to treat human conditions that has gained special attention due to the successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Another type of nucleic acid therapeutics is antisense oligonucleotides, versatile tools that can be used in multiple ways to target pre-mRNA and mRNA. While some years ago these molecules were just considered a useful research tool and a curiosity in the clinical market, this has rapidly changed. These molecules are promising strategies for personalized treatments for rare genetic diseases and they are in development for very common disorders too. In this chapter, we provide a brief description of the different mechanisms of action of these RNA therapeutic molecules, with clear examples at preclinical and clinical stages.
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Benenson, Efim. "Treatment-Induced and Associated Conditions and Diseases." In Rheumatology, 177–82. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-462-3_12.
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Nayak, Satish K. "Biofilm-mediated Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control, 167–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8_12.
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Dubey, Seema, Shirish Dubey, Ajay Gupta, and Vikash Sharma. "Biofilm-Mediated Dental Diseases." In Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control, 91–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8_7.
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Bacchi, Cyrus J., Robert T. Jacobs, and Nigel Yarlett. "New Developments in the Treatment of Late-Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis." In Trypanosomatid Diseases, 515–29. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527670383.ch27.
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Agotegaray, Mariela. "Human Bone Diseases and Conventional Treatments." In Silica-Based Nanotechnology for Bone Disease Treatment, 25–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64130-6_3.
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Das, Surojeet, Shivani Singh, Monica Steffi Matchado, Aashna Srivastava, and Akash Bajpai. "Biofilms in Human Health." In Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control, 27–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8_3.
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Schulz-Aellen, Marie-Françoise. "Perspectives in the Detection and Treatment of Diseases." In Aging and Human Longevity, 210–27. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2006-0_14.
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Schulz-Aellen, Marie-Françoise. "Perspectives in the Detection and Treatment of Diseases." In Aging and Human Longevity, 210–27. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2006-0_17.
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Schulz-Aellen, Marie-Françoise. "Perspectives in the Detection and Treatment of Diseases." In Aging and Human Longevity, 210–27. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2448-8_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Fayssal, Iyad, and Fadl Moukalled. "A Numerical Analysis of the Hemodynamic Functionality of Human Coronary Stenosis Under Different Physiologic Conditions and Boundary Condition Formulations." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4820.
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Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the foremost causes for human death worldwide. This study aims at investigating the performance of different boundary condition model types to characterize CAD functional significance. In addition, alternate models to estimate FFR using any different combination of boundary conditions at inlet and outlet were analyzed. In the first type of boundary condition, an outflow resistance model is used combined with a fixed pressure at inlet. In the second model of boundary conditions, constant pressure values are imposed at the domain inlet and outlet/s sections. In the third model, a zero diffusion flux is applied at outlet with a pre-specified flow rate at inlet. Numerical simulations performed on healthy and stenosed idealized and physiological arterial models revealed the superiority of the first type of boundary condition to directly capture the level of ischemia in diseased arteries. However, in this model, special numerical treatment at the outflow boundary is needed to dampen pseudo numerical reflections entering the computational domain. Alternative simple methods are developed to tackle the problem incurred in the second and third types of boundary condition types. The alternate models are effective for carrying extensive parametric studies with minimal computational effort. The new developed methods allow results generated via generic simulations under any specified boundary condition type to correctly estimate CAD functional significance. The obtained surrogate models account for the effects of the patient-specific physiologic parameters and can be easily incorporated without modifying existing CFD codes. Moreover, where it is unfeasible to experimentally incorporate the downstream effects of a given diseased arterial segment, an important aspect the alternative models provide is that they can be easily adopted by experimentalists through building in-vitro arterial models to assess the functional significance of the obstruction caused by the disease and its relation to any given patient specific physiologic parameter.
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Sathyamoorthy, Mohan. "Two Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Myocardial Infarction in the Human Left Ventricle." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0199.
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Abstract Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are the number one causes of patient mortality in the United States. Of these conditions, myocardial infarctions, more commonly known as heart attacks, are the most feared of cardiovascular pathologies. The American Heart Association has dedicated billions of dollars over the past four decades to basic science and clinical research to help prevent and treat heart attacks. Detailed assessment of three dimensional stress, strain, and deformation histories is important because it has been noted that reduced transmural strain and left ventricular torsion may be indicative of myocardial infarction resulting from ischemia [1]. Previous studies have been limited to clinical and experimental modalities of study. With the evolution of high speed computers and finite element softwares, detailed and effective biomechanical modeling of complex physiological systems such as the heart have been undertaken. The objective of this study is to utilize finite element analysis to assess local and global deformation and stress patterns in normal vs. imposed conditions of myocardial infarction. Such knowledge obtained a priori could be utilized by cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists to improve the efficacy of treatment and treatment options for patients suffering from heart disease.
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A Concept, Life-Style:. "Tailoring Motivational Mechanisms to Engage Teenagers in Healthy." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100499.
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Overweight and obesity are the first leading risk related to nutrition for global deaths, in the last few years it outranked the famine. Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Due to the many health risks associated with obesity, the financial burden that the treatment of this disease exercises on the European healthcare system is enormous. For this reason, the best strategy relies in prevention. In particular, the pervasiveness of technology can leverage an important advantage for the promotion of healthy behaviors in the new generations. This paper introduces PEGASO, a technological multidisciplinary project funded by the European Commission that aims at creating an ecosystem that can enable teenagers to adopt healthy habits leading to a healthy life-style. The ICT system plays an important role in the PEGASO ecosystem. This behavior change support system integrates a Virtual Individual Model that allows characterizing the physiological status, physical condition and the psychological status for each user. This allows the elaboration of tailored interventions aiming at promoting the adoption of healthy habits by the users. This paper describes this concept introducing the Virtual Individual Model and discusses the possible interventions related to the promotion of physical exercise and of healthy dietary habits. At the end of the paper, some indications about the future development of the PEGASO project are provided.
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Guelli, Mariana Sandoval Terra Campos, Daniela Bastos de Almeida Zampier, Lorena Araújo Silva Dias, and Marina de Oliveira Nunes Ibrahim. "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - a literature review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.126.
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Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive, rare, fatal and rapid human neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the etiologies: sporadic (CJD), familial, iatrogenic (CJD) and CJD variant (CJV) in which cell prion protein (PrP) can be transmitted through animals. Objectives: Literature review about Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseDesign and setting: Literature review development in the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, infectious diseases and neuroinfection indexes were used in the PUBMED and Scielo databases. Results:CJD has different etiologies with different clinical and pathological phenotypes. CJDV shows psychiatric behaviors and symptoms followed by abnormalities, ataxia and dementia. The sporadic form is the most common, with a progressive clinical course with generalized brain deposition of abnormal prion protein aggregates (PrPTSE) that leads to spongiform change, gliosis and neuronal loss. CJD progresses to dementia and two or more symptoms: cerebellar or visual impairments; pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs; myoclonus; and akinetic mutism. Complex periods of acute wave in the electroencephalogram (EEG) are strongly suggestive of prionic diseases. Rapidly evolving field neuroimmune disorders have shown an increasing in autoantibody testing; attempt to diagnose a range of immune-mediated conditions. Evidence indicates that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is more sensitive for detecting signal abnormalities. Conclusion: The disease progresses to dementia, accompanied by myoclonus, pyramidal signs and characteristic EEG. It is a complex pathology, which has only symptomatic treatment and requires strict control of reservoirs and risk of contamination.
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Huang, Fei-Hui. "The Needs of Smart Medication Reminder for Elderly s." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100523.
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The increasing burden of chronic illness is currently a significant challenge due to the aging of the global population. For most people who suffer from chronic illnesses, lifelong treatment is needed for their health management. This study is focused on the needs of elderly people with chronic conditions who require lifelong treatment for disease management in taking medications as prescribed. A face-to-face survey and a multiple case study were conducted to elicit the reasons why elderly s use pill box and to determine the effectiveness of the smart medication reminder system. The results indicated that 60% patients need a tool for assistance in taking their medication as prescribed. The experimental results showed that the smart medications reminder may effectively assist users in taking their medications as prescribed. The patients’ needs for the smart mediation reminder include reminder design, mobile medication reminder, ease of use, flexible design, and Modular Design. By using the smart medication reminder, the pressure of taking medications as prescribed may be relieved for the most elderly users. Furthermore, economic, social support, and elder care subsidies are the important factors for patient welfare.
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Taylor, Charles A. "Clinical Applications of CFD, Visualization and Virtual Reality in Cardiovascular Medicine." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0059.
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Abstract The introduction of computational tools to construct and evaluate models of the anatomy and physiology of human biological systems can enable researchers to test hypotheses regarding abnormal conditions, examine treatments, and, in the long term, enable clinicians to predict the outcome of alternative treatment plans. The computational methods underlying diagnostic imaging are prevalent in clinical environments. However, this diagnostic information, typically expensive to acquire, is provided to the physician without the tools necessary to evaluate the outcome of various treatments. The individual variability and inherent complexity of human biological systems is such that imaging data alone is insufficient to predict the outcome of a given treatment. Hemodynamic conditions, including velocity, shear, and pressure, play an important role in the modulation of vascular adaptation and the localization of vascular disease. Consequently, understanding the local hemodynamic environment in a region of the vascular system has been an important field of research in the last two decades. In the coming years, computational fluid dynamics methods will move beyond the academic research domain and be implemented in Computer Aided Surgical Planning software. These methods will augment the information available from medical diagnostic imaging to define patient-specific predictive computer models. Critical issues in the application of CFD, Visualization and Virtual Reality to Cardiovascular Medicine are examined. A software system developed for Computer Aided Surgical Planning which provides an integrated set of tools to test hypotheses regarding the effect of alternate treatment plans on vascular hemodynamics is described.
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Du, Wei, Kenneth M. Pryse, Judy A. Fee, Elliot L. Elson, and Ruth J. Okamoto. "Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Mechanics During Cyclic Stretch: Effect of Serum and a Serum Substitute." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176205.
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Remodeling of arteries in response to altered loads is an area of intense interest to cardio-vascular clinicians and researchers. In humans, changes due to cardiovascular diseases (e.g. aortic dilatation) may occur slowly over many years, and mathematical models that describe the remodeling response are needed for predicting the course, and possible treatment, of these diseases. Recently, Humphrey and co-workers have proposed constrained mixture models [1] that consider local stresses in the arterial wall to be the sum of contributions from collagen, elastic fibers, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While numerous studies (e.g., [2]) have considered the active response of VSMCs in large arteries under quasi-static conditions, little is known about the mechanical response of VSMCs to continuous cyclic stretch. We have chosen 3-D bio-artificial tissue constructs as a model system in which to study the response of VSMCs to continuous cyclic stretch. However, VSMCs undergo a shift from a contractile phenotype to a de-differentiated phenotype during culture [3]. Some investigators have suggested that serum deprivation can induce re-differentiation toward a more contractile phenotype [4, 5]. The goal of our study was to compare the effect of incubation conditions on the active responses of VSMCs in 3-D tissue constructs to continuous cyclic stretch.
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Torrissen, Martina, Astrid Nilsson, Binh Minh Trinh, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Gerd Marit Berge, Harald Svenson, Iren Stoknes, and Marta Bou Mira. "Novel n-3 very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential role in skin tissue." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nkdk5807.
Full textAbstract:
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLC-FA) have a chain length of ≥24 carbon atoms. They are generally not provided through dietary sources but generated endogenously, involving chain elongation of LC-FA by ELOVL4. There is emerging substantial evidence suggesting they play important roles in tissues where they are naturally found, including retina, skin, testis, and brain. Mutations in ELOVL4 have been associated with several tissue-specific conditions, suggesting these FA may be involved in the disease pathology. A lack of availability of these fatty acids for dietary interventions has however, until recently, made them difficult to investigate. After identifying VLC-FA in fish oil and developing a method for concentrating n-3 VLC-PUFAs in kg scale, our research team have conducted feeding trials to determine if they are taken up directly from diet through supplementation, and their effect on development and maturation of skin tissue. Salmon fed different dietary levels of the concentrate were analysed for tissue fatty acid composition by GC and histology by H&E and Von Kossa staining. After establishing a clear tissue-specific uptake, we conducted in-vitro trials where we observed promising effects by incubating skin cells from human and Atlantic salmon with n-3 VLC-PUFA concentrate in scratch assay and cell migration trials. The in-vitro results show improved cell migration, which is in line with our in-vivo findings and demonstrates a promising effect on skin tissue development, maturation, and skin cell migration. Here we will present our data and discuss the relevance of this in skin biology. As VLC-FA potentially play a critical role in skin barrier function and skin biology, understanding these FAs may lead to improvements in treatment of dermatological diseases and conditions.
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Soni, Abhishek, Nupur Bansal, A. K. Dhull, Vivek Kaushal, and A. K. Chauhan. "Pure primary non gestational choriocarcinoma ovary – diagnostic dilemma and treatment intricacy." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685331.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Germ cell tumors of the ovary include all neoplasm derived from primordial germ cells of the embryonal gonad. Five percent of germ cell tumors are malignant, representing three to five per cent of all ovarian carcinomas of which pure primary non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma accounts for less than one per cent of ovarian tumors. Primary choriocarcinoma of ovary could be gestational or nongestational in origin. They pose diagnostic challenges in reproductive age group patients because of elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Non-gestational choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is resistant to single agent chemotherapy, requiring more aggressive combination chemotherapy post surgery. Due to the rarity of the disease, this article reviews the treatment protocol for NGCO. Methods: All the articles related to choriocarcinoma of ovary at Pubmed, Google scholarly article and Scopus were assessed and reviewed and their references were also reviewed and included in this article. Discussion: Clinical diagnosis of NGCO is often challenging because the clinical symptoms are often nonspecific and can mimic other, more common conditions that occur in young women, such as a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, tuboovarian abscess, ovarian torsion, and ectopic pregnancy. The symptoms of vaginal bleeding, elevated hCG level, pelvic pain, and an adnexal mass often lead to incorrect diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, threatened or incomplete abortion, cervical polyp, or other types of malignancy. Non-gestational choriocarcinomas have been found to be resistant to single agent chemotherapy, have a worse prognosis, and therefore require aggressive combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy with the EMA (etoposide 100mg/m2, methotrexate 100mg/m2, actinomycin-D 0.5mg) regimen may be given, for six to nine courses at seven days interval. Studies suggest that the disease responds well to the combination of surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, long term effects of such therapy should be further studied with more cases. Conclusion: Because of the small number of patients with pure ovarian choriocarcinoma, a consensus on the treatment regimen including surgery and chemotherapy is lacking. Surgery with adjuvant combination chemotherapy is the standard treatment of choice.
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Endovitsky, R. V., E. Yu Tikhomirova, and S. A. Pashayan. "PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY DISEASES." In Современные проблемы пчеловодства и апитерапии. Рыбное: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр пчеловодства", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51759/pchel_api_2021_357.
Full textReports on the topic "Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Li, Yanhui. Efficacy of non-invasive photodynamic therapy for female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection: a comprehensive meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0092.
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Review question / Objective: The critical point of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the curative effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in diseases of female lower reproductive tract associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Condition being studied: Traditional clinical recommendations for treating diseases of the female lower reproductive tract include topical therapy with drugs, surgery, intravaginal radiation, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, etc. Although medication is easy to administer, it has a high recurrence rate and adverse effects such as burning sensation, pain, and dyspareunia. The other traditional treatment method is usually invasive, repeated operation of vaginal perforation, scar, easy recurrence, fertility decline, and other shortcomings. At present, the treatment strategy for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesion, condyloma acuminatum, and vulvar lichen sclerosis are to protect the normal organ structure and function as much as possible, reduce recurrence, prevent disease progression and carcinogenesis, and preserve female reproductive function.
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Hua, Zi Bo, and Lv Yuan Chen. Human UCB MSC versus placebo for effect on kidney fibrosis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0104.
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Review question / Objective: Human UCB MSC versus placebo for effect on kidney fibrosis Condition being studied: Renal fibrosis is the final outcome of long-term chronic kidney disease, and the kidney will lose its basic function. This experiment will explore the effect of Human UCB MSC for effect on kidney fibrosis. Main outcome(s): Correlation analysis of Human UCB MSC treatment on renalfibrosis.
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Border, Peter, and Erin Cullen. The Microbiome and Human Health. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn574.
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This POSTnote examines what is known about the human microbiome and the diseases and conditions linked to it. The note then describes interventions to modify the human microbiome and examines the issues raised by their use and by microbiome research more generally.
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Yang, Xinwei, Huan Tu, and Xiali Xue. The improvement of the Lower Limb exoskeletons on the gait of patients with spinal cord injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0095.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of lower extremity exoskeletons in improving gait function in patients with spinal cord injury, compared with placebo or other treatments. Condition being studied: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease. In the process of SCI rehabilitation treatment, improving patients' walking ability, improving their self-care ability, and enhancing patients' self-esteem is an important aspect of their return to society, which can also reduce the cost of patients, so the rehabilitation of lower limbs is very important. The lower extremity exoskeleton robot is a bionic robot designed according to the principles of robotics, mechanism, bionics, control theory, communication technology, and information processing technology, which can be worn on the lower extremity of the human body and complete specific tasks under the user's control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lower extremity exoskeleton on the improvement of gait function in patients with spinal cord injury.
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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson, and Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.
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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.
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Yeates, Elissa, Kayla Cotterman, and Angela Rhodes. Hydrologic impacts on human health : El Niño Southern Oscillation and cholera. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39483.
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A non-stationary climate imposes considerable challenges regarding potential public health concerns. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which occurs every 2 to 7 years, correlates positively with occurrences of the waterborne disease cholera. The warm sea surface temperatures and extreme weather associated with ENSO create optimal conditions for breeding the Vibrio cholerae pathogen and for human exposure to the pathogenic waters. This work explored the impacts of ENSO on cholera occurrence rates over the past 50 years by examining annual rates of suspected cholera cases per country in relation to ENSO Index values. This study provides a relationship indicating when hydrologic conditions are optimal for cholera growth, and presents a statistical approach to answer three questions: Are cholera outbreaks more likely to occur in an El Niño year? What other factors impact cholera outbreaks? How will the future climate impact cholera incidence rates as it relates to conditions found in ENSO? Cholera outbreaks from the 1960s to the present are examined focusing on regions of Central and South America, and southern Asia. By examining the predictive relationship between climate variability and cholera, we can draw conclusions about future vulnerability to cholera and other waterborne pathogenic diseases.
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Wang, Yilan, Sijing Zhao, Zherui Shen, Zhenxing Wang, and Fei Wang. Combination of Jinshuibao Capsules and Conventional Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0117.
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Review question / Objective: Jinshuibao capsules are derived from Cordyceps, and they have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases. They have also been utilized in the treatment of respiratory diseases, while their effects on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have remained elusive. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Jinshuibao capsules plus conventional pharmaceutical treatments (CPT) versus CPT alone for patients with stable COPD. Information sources: It was attempted to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In addition, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Information Resource Integration Service Platform (CQVIP), and China Biomedicine (SinoMed) databases were searched from inception until September 30, 2021. Google Scholar and the China Clinical Trial Registry were also searched for retrieving missing data. In emergency conditions, we contacted the corresponding authors of retrieved studies for collection of additional data.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.
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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.
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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.