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Journal articles on the topic 'Treatment index'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2023

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1

Miller, David B., and Aloen Townsend. "Urban Hassles as Chronic Stressors and Adolescent Mental Health: The Urban Hassles Index." Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 5, no. 1 (February 2005): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhi004.

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2

Cole, Stephen R., Roy W. Beck, Pamela S. Moke, Marianne P. Celano, Carolyn D. Drews, Michael X. Repka, Jonathan M. Holmes, Eileen E. Birch, Raymond T. Kraker, and Kevin E. Kip. "The amblyopia treatment index." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 5, no. 4 (August 2001): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpa.2001.117097.

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3

Grikscheit, Florian, Florian Weck, Martin Hautzinger, Thomas Heidenreich, Maria Weigel, Visar Rudari, Christine Schimming, and Ulrich Stangier. "Evaluation of Treatment Integrity: The Treatment Specificity Index." Journal of Clinical Psychology 71, no. 7 (March 30, 2015): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22172.

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4

&NA;. "Acetylcysteine treatment decreases prothrombin index." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1360 (October 2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200213600-00053.

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&NA;. "Acetylcysteine treatment decreases the prothrombin index." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 924 (October 2002): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200209240-00007.

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6

Palmer, R., and R. Watson. "An index of implant treatment need." British Dental Journal 182, no. 8 (April 1997): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809369.

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7

Llewellyn, S. K., A. M. Hamdan, and W. P. Rock. "An index of orthodontic treatment complexity." European Journal of Orthodontics 29, no. 2 (January 11, 2007): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjl080.

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8

Hamid, Thalca. "Treatment results evaluation using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v42.i4.p204-209.

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9

Kaasová, J., B. Hubáčková, P. Kadlec, J. Příhoda, and Z. Bubník. "Chemical and biochemical changes during microwave treatment of wheat." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 2 (November 18, 2011): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3513-cjfs.

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The effect of microwave (MW) heating on the changes in wet gluten content, Gluten Index, Falling Number and amylographic characteristics was studied in sprouted wheat grain. Different moistures of wheat in two ranges of 10–11% and 15–17% and two end temperatures of MW heated samples (60 and 80°C) were applied to wheat samples. Falling Number and Gluten Index increased with increasing absorbed energy during MW heating, whereas gluten content decreased. Amylographic maximum increased due to a-amylase inactivation progressively with increasing absorbed energy as well. The greatest relative changes occurred when the end temperature of MW heated samples 80°C and moisture 15% were used. An improvement effect on the baking quality of sprouted wheat was found due to an increase in amylographic maximum with higher energy doses and higher end temperatures of MW heated samples. It was a consequence of Falling Number increase and Gluten Index increase with lower energy doses. The negative effect of higher energy doses was proved in a decrease in wet gluten content.  

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Rusli, Chatarina U. Wahyuni, Suharjono, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Agust Dwi Djajanti, and Rudy Hartono. "Community Treatment Security Index in Makassar City." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 1 (2019): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.00125.6.

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11

Beckett, H., and G. Zaki. "An index of implant treatment need (IITN)." British Dental Journal 182, no. 5 (March 1997): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809330.

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12

LUNT, S. R., G. E. PETERSON, and CHARLES R. KURKJIAN. "Chemical Treatment and Surface Index of Glass." Advanced Ceramic Materials 2, no. 2 (April 1987): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1987.tb00068.x.

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MANN, J., H. D. SGAN-COHEN, R. S. ASHER, E. AMIR, S. COHEN, and H. SARNAT. "A Treatment Need Index: a pilot study." International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 3, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.1993.tb00068.x.

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14

Guck, Thomas P., Philip W. Meilman, and F. Miles Skultety. "Pain assessment index: Evaluationfollowing multidisciplinary pain treatment." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2, no. 1 (1987): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-3924(87)80042-8.

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15

Raynal, Gauthier, Jacques Petit, and Fabien Saint. "Which efficiency index for urinary stones treatment?" Urological Research 37, no. 4 (June 10, 2009): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-009-0200-x.

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16

Kuo, Chi-Chung, and Jui-Feng Tsai. "Cordance or Antidepressant Treatment Response (ATR) index?" Psychiatry Research 180, no. 1 (November 2010): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.12.014.

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17

Vedovello, Silvia A. S., Patrícia R. dos Santos, Ana Letícia Mello de Carvalho, Mario Vedovello Filho, Glaucia M. B. Ambrosano, Antonio C. Pereira, and Marcelo de C. Meneghim. "Exploring the perception of orthodontic treatment need using the Dental Aesthetic Index and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 156, no. 6 (December 2019): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.01.020.

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18

Ovsenik, Maja, and Jasmina Primožič. "Evaluation of 3 occlusal indexes: Eismann index, Eismann-Farčnik index, and index of orthodontic treatment need." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 131, no. 4 (April 2007): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.028.

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19

Birkeland, K., J. Furevik, O. E. Boe, and P. J. Wisth. "Evaluation of treatment and post-treatment changes by the PAR Index." European Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/19.3.279.

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20

Winfrey, Brandon K., and David R. Tilley. "An emergy-based treatment sustainability index for evaluating waste treatment systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (January 2016): 4485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.074.

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21

Nurcombe, Barry, Sally Wooding, Peter Marrington, Leonard Bickman, and Gwenneth Roberts. "Child Sexual Abuse II: Treatment." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1 (February 2000): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00643.x.

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Objective: To evaluate the scientific literature concerning the treatment of child sexual abuse. Method: A critical review of the scientific literature. Results: There are only nine published research studies in which subjects were randomly assigned to an index treatment or treatments and a comparison treatment or no-treatment control group. In seven of the studies, the index treatment exceeded the control or comparison group in regard to treatment outcome; in two studies it did not. The successful treatments involved group therapy, combined individual and group play therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy. Conclusions: Treatment should be based on an explicit conceptual model of the psychopathology of sexual abuse. The University of Queensland Sexual Abuse Treatment Project, which is based on a transactional model, is described.

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22

Said, Qayyim, Lincy S. Lal, Brigette Nezami, Katherine Andrade, J. Anthony Graves, Anuja Roy, and Adam Cuker. "Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes after Second-Line Treatment Among Adult Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115197.

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Abstract Introduction: Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease of immune-mediated destruction of platelets and suppression of platelet production. ITP has been historically treated with corticosteroids and/or immune globulins as first-line agents. There are several second-line treatments available, should patients fail to respond to initial therapy or relapse after it is tapered. These include eltrombopag, romiplostim, rituximab and splenectomy. This study utilized a national electronic health record (EHR) database to begin to explore the real world treatment patterns of the aforementioned second-line (index) therapies. Methods: Utilizing the Optum EHR database, we identified patients who initiated their first second-line treatment (i.e. the index treatment) with eltrombopag, romiplostim, rituximab or splenectomy from Jan. 1, 2009 to Sep. 30, 2016 for primary or unspecified ITP. Patients included in the analysis had the following characteristics: 18 years or older; previous treatment with corticosteroids and/or immune globulin products; active in the database for at least 6 months prior to and 12 months post initiation of the index treatment. Outcomes that were evaluated after initiation of the index treatment included: (1) Duration of therapy for eltrombopag and romiplostim; (2) Proportion of patients who started a subsequent line of treatment after their index treatment; (3) Treatment free duration between the end of the index treatment and start of a subsequent line of treatment; and (4) Proportion of patients using a first-line medication (corticosteroids and/or immune globulin) during treatment with eltrombopag and romiplostim. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: 2,047 patients met the inclusion criteria and used an index treatment as follows: eltrombopag, N=110 (5.4%); romiplostim, N=189 (9.2%); rituximab, N=1488 (72.7%); splenectomy, N=260 (12.7%). The mean age was 60.8 years (standard deviation [SD]: 17.4), with 52.4% female and mean Charlson comorbidity score of 2.1 (SD: 2.1). Treatment duration was 481 days for eltrombopag versus 346 days for romiplostim (p=0.033). The proportion of patients who started a subsequent line of treatment after their index treatment ranged from 41% for rituximab to 49% for splenectomy (p=0.071). Treatment free duration between the end of the index treatment and start of a subsequent treatment ranged from a mean of 248 days for romiplostim to 575 days for splenectomy (p<0.001). The proportion of patients who did not use first-line medications during treatment with eltrombopag and romiplostim were similar (24% vs. 17%, p=0.157). See Table 1 below for details. Conclusions: In this dataset, rituximab was the predominant second-line treatment. Patients receiving eltrombopag had a greater treatment duration compared to romiplostim. As expected, a greater treatment free duration was observed with splenectomy and rituximab, though mean treatment free duration after treatment with romiplostim and eltrombopag was surprisingly long (248-270 days). Despite the longer duration off treatment following splenectomy and rituximab, a similar percentage of patients across all index treatments ultimately required a subsequent line of therapy. Further research is required to better understand the differences in real world treatment patterns among these cohorts. Disclosures Said: Novartis: Employment. Lal:Optum: Employment. Nezami:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Andrade:Optum: Employment. Graves:Novartis: Employment. Roy:Novartis: Employment. Cuker:Spark Therapeutics: Research Funding; Kedrion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Synergy: Consultancy; Genzyme: Consultancy.

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23

Attili, Basem, Alaa Abu-Hatab, Aseel Ayoub, Ayat Ismail, and Shefa Abu-Ghneim. "Numerical Treatment of Differential-Algebraic Equations with Index 2 by Reducing the Index." Journal of Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories 6, no. 1 (January 2008): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1726037x.2008.10698544.

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24

Suresh, R., and S. Muthukumar. "Community periodontal index of treatment needs index: An indicator of anaerobic periodontal infection." Indian Journal of Dental Research 20, no. 4 (2009): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.59441.

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25

Wang, Bao Yu, Bei Hai He, Jun Rong Li, and Xin Lin Liao. "CTMP Modification with Plasma Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1229.

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This paper studied the plasma’s impacts on spruce CTMP. Spruce CTMP was treated with air, nitrogen and oxygen plasma respectively. Morphology of the CTMP fiber was captured with SEM, and carbon, oxygen and nitrogen content on the CTMP fiber surface were determined with XPS. The results showed that no matter what types of plasma were used, the roughness of the CTMP fiber would increase in the initial stage and recovered to its original roughness level following further treatment. Tensile index of the CTMP increased by 79%, 32% and 54% and the wet strength index increased by 64%, 65% and 22% with air, nitrogen and oxygen plasma treatments respectively. The increase in the tensile index and the wet strength index of the CTMP sheet was originated from the increase in C2, C3 and oxygen. C1 and nitrogen present on fiber surface wasn’t favorable to CTMP sheet strength.

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26

Mandall, Nicky A., Jean Wright, Frances Conboy, Elizabeth Kay, Linda Harvey, and Kevin D. O’Brien. "Index of orthodontic treatment need as a predictor of orthodontic treatment uptake." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128, no. 6 (December 2005): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.10.011.

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27

Faroque, M. A. A., Alok Kumar Paul, Asaduzzaman -, Parimal Bissus, and M. S. Islam. "Effect of Next Generation Fertilizers on Yield Potential of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2151e.

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The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of next-generation fertilizers along with other recommended fertilizers on the growth and yield during the period from January 2015 to May 2015 at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiments were laid out in RCBD method with three replications. The experiment was conducted in boro rice with six treatments including control viz Treatment0=Control (no fertilizer), Treatment1=Recommended dose N140P20K60S18Zn2 kg ha-1, Treatment2=Bio-forge+N140P20K60S18Zn2, Treatment 3=Wuxal Super+N140P20K60S18Zn2, Treatment4=Root feed+N140P20K60S18Zn2, Treatment5=Nitro Plus+N140P20K60S18Zn2 and three rice varieties namely Variety1=BRRI dhan29, Variety2=BRRI dhan28 and Variety3=BRRI dhan58. Next-genaration fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer with the first generation and second generation fertilizer that provide required nutritions to plants. Among the next generation fertilizers, Bio-forge along with other recommended fertilizers performed the best compared to other treatments of the study in an aspect of growth and yield contributing characters mainly plant height, effective tiller hill-1, panicle length, filled grain panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield (8.61 t ha-1). Among the varieties, BRRI dhan29 showed the best performance compared to the other two treatments. The next generation fertilizer viz. Bio-forge and Root feed along with other recommended fertilizers would be ideal for better crop growth and yield.

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Petrova, Deva, Snezana Smickovska, and Emilija Lazarevska. "Conformity Index and Homogeneity Index of the Postoperative Whole Breast Radiotherapy." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (September 13, 2017): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.161.

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BACKGROUND: The treatment of breast cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach in which radiotherapy plays a key role.AIM: The conformity index and the homogeneity index are two analysis tools of a treatment plan using conformal radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is an analysis of these two parameters in the assessment of the treatment plans in 58 patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy of the whole breast.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 58 patients participating in the study had a conservatively treated early-stage breast cancer. The treatment was performed using a standard regimen of fractionation in 25 fractions up to a total dose of 50Gy. Dose-volume histograms were generated for both plans with and without segmental fields.RESULTS: Pair samples t-test was used. The technique with segmental fields allowed us more homogeneity distribution when compared to standard two tangential field techniques. The HI values were 1.08 ± 0.01 and 1.09 ± 0.01 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p < 0.001). The DHI values were 0.92 ± 0.02 and 0.901 ± 0.01 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p < 0.001). The CI values were 1.38 ± 0.02 and 1.43 ± 0.3 for segment and technique with two tangential fields (p = 0.0018).CONCLUSION: The results showed that the conformity and the homogeneity index are important tools in the analysis of the treatment plans during radiation therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Adding segment fields in the administration of radiotherapy in patients with conservatively treated breast cancer can lead to improved dosage homogeneity and conformity.

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29

Aoyama, Masahiro, Muneyoshi Yasuda, Masahiro Joko, Mikinobu Takeuchi, and Masakazu Takayasu. "Radiological Index and Treatment of Retro-odontoid Pseudotumor." Spinal Surgery 28, no. 3 (2014): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.28.303.

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30

Pitt, Sarah, Ahmad Hamdan, and Peter Rock. "A treatment difficulty index for unerupted maxillary canines." European Journal of Orthodontics 28, no. 2 (July 25, 2005): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cji068.

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31

Cohen, Seth M., David L. Witsell, Leda Scearce, Gina Vess, and Caroline Banka. "Treatment Responsiveness of the Singing Voice Handicap Index." Laryngoscope 118, no. 9 (September 2008): 1705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlg.0b013e31817aec83.

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32

Falcon, H. C., P. Richardson, M. J. Shaw, J. S. Bulman, and B. G. N. Smith. "Developing an index of restorative dental treatment need." British Dental Journal 190, no. 9 (May 2001): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801010.

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33

Falcon, H., P. Richardson, M. Shaw, J. Bulman, and B. Smith. "Developing an index of restorative dental treatment need." British Dental Journal 190, no. 9 (May 12, 2001): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801010a.

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34

Hajigeorgiou, Photos G. "The vibrational index at dissociation: An extended treatment." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 296 (February 2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2013.11.009.

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35

Châtillon, C. E., M. C. Guiot, D. Roberge, and R. Leblanc. "Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma with High Proliferation Index: Treatment Options." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 36, no. 5 (September 2009): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100008210.

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36

Sagayan, E., B. Acacio, C. Coulam, G. Sher, and M. Nouriani. "Effects of antioxidant treatment on DNA fragmentation index." Fertility and Sterility 82 (September 2004): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.223.

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37

Ireland, Anthony J., Susan J. Cunningham, Aviva Petrie, Martyn T. Cobourne, Priti Acharya, Jonathan R. Sandy, and Nigel P. Hunt. "An Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN)." Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 2 (June 2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1465313314y.0000000100.

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38

Giuca, Maria Rita, Marco Pasini, Silvia Caruso, Simona Tecco, Stefano Necozione, and Roberto Gatto. "Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in Obese Adolescents." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/876931.

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Aim. This case-control retrospective study is aimed at assessing if obese adolescents need more orthodontic treatment in comparison with normal-weight patients of the same age.Methods. The test group included 100 obese subjects (50 males and 50 females; average age: 13.09 ± 1.19 years old) and the control group included 100 normal-weight patients matched for age and sex (50 males and 50 females; average age: 13.07 ± 1.26 years old). Clinical examinations were conducted on dental casts to assess the need of orthodontic treatment, by using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) (DHC, dental health component; AC, aesthetic components).Results. No statistically significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between the two groups with regard to AC. Obese females showed a significant (P<0.05) higher percentage of DHC 3 (32%) in comparison to the normal-weight girls (22%); for the other grades of DHC and for the single kind of malocclusion, no significant difference was found.Conclusions. Obese adolescents showed a similar need for orthodontic treatment compared to normal-weight patients of the same age. However, in obese females, a slightly greater need for orthodontic treatment was observed, compared to normal-weight patients.

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39

Ghafari, Joseph, Stephen A. Locke, and J. Marvin Bentley. "Longitudinal evaluation of the treatment priority index (TPI)." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 96, no. 5 (November 1989): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90322-3.

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40

Mauricio-Iglesias, Miguel, Stefano Longo, and Almudena Hospido. "Designing a robust index for WWTP energy efficiency: The ENERWATER water treatment energy index." Science of The Total Environment 713 (April 2020): 136642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136642.

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41

Cutress, T. W., P. B. V. Hunter, and D. I. H. Hoskins. "Comparison of the Periodontal Index (PI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 14, no. 1 (February 1986): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01492.x.

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42

Apresyan, S. V., and M. N. Zabaeva. "Dental digitalization index." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2020-24-1-39-43.

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The digitalization course, begun in Russia relatively recently, has touched almost all branches of life today. A special place in this process is occupied by the healthcare system. Digital technologies used in the treatment of patients, computer programs for treatment planning and automatic recording of internal processes of medical institutions all this together led to a sharp development of healthcare in Russia. An important role in healthcare is played by dental practice. The high price level in private dental clinics is inaccessible to many segments of the population. The integration of digital technologies in dental practice and the automation of most current processes is a key step for optimizing the economic component of dental services and, as a result, providing affordable dental care to citizens of the Russian Federation.

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43

Choi, J., A. Sreih, T. Lehman, M. Suryavanshi, Q. Xia, and M. Nowak. "AB0883 Real-World Treatment Patterns In Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1564.1–1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1092.

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BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex inflammatory disease with manifestations that play an important role in treatment selection.1 Treatments include oral agents, biologic therapies (inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor [TNFi], interleukin [IL-17Ai, IL-12/23i], cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 inhibitor [CTLA-4i]), and new targeted oral agents (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 [PDE-4i] and Janus kinase [JAKi]).1 Few studies have examined real-world treatment patterns of recently approved therapies.ObjectivesEvaluate real-world treatment patterns for branded systemic therapy in patients with PsA.MethodsIn this retrospective study, medical and pharmacy claims from the US IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases (1/1/2012–12/31/2019) were used to identify patients with PsA who initiated treatment with a TNFi (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, golimumab, or certolizumab), IL-17Ai (secukinumab, ixekizumab), IL-12/23p40i (ustekinumab), IL-23p19i (guselkumab), CTLA-4i (abatacept), JAKi (tofacitinib), or PDE-4i (apremilast). Patients (≥18 years) with ≥1 prescription, ≥2 PsA claims separated by ≥1 day on or before the index date (first prescription date [1/1/13–12/31/2018]), and 1-year continuous enrollment before and after the index date were eligible. Treatment patterns were grouped into continuers, discontinuers, and patients with treatment modification (switchers [without a treatment gap], reinitiators [same drug with a treatment gap], and restarters [different drug with a treatment gap]) (Table 1). Patients were followed for 1 year or until treatment modification, whichever came first. Descriptive statistics were used.Table 1.TerminologyCohortDefinitionn/N (%)ContinuersOn index treatment during 1-year follow-up with no treatment gaps*1910/6455 (29.6)DiscontinuersNo prescription claims for any therapy during 1-year follow-up1614/6455 (25.0)Patients with treatment modificationsAll patients with a change in treatment during 1-year follow-up2908/6455 (45.1)SwitchersPrescription claims for treatments different than index therapy before permissible treatment gaps*794/6455 (12.3)ReinitiatorsPrescription claims for treatments SAME as index therapy AFTER treatment gaps*1686/6455 (26.1)RestartersPrescription claims for DIFFERENT therapy AFTER treatment gap*428/6455 (6.6)Note: All terminology applies to cohorts within the first year of treatment.*Treatment gap: gap of 200% of recommended dosing schedule from end of previous prescription’s days’ supply.ResultsA total of 6455 patients were included (mean age, 50.5 years; 55.5% female; mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score, 0.54). At baseline, the most commonly used therapies were immunosuppressants (58.5%), corticosteroids (52.2%), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (45.9%). Treatments most used at index were TNFi (72.5%; including adalimumab [41.6%] and etanercept [23.8%]) and the PDE-4i apremilast (21.1%). During the 1-year study period, 29.6% of patients maintained their index therapy and 25.0% discontinued. Treatment modification was observed in 45.1% of patients; 12.3% switched to a new therapy without a treatment gap, 26.1% restarted their index therapy, and 6.6% started a new therapy after a treatment gap.ConclusionAmong patients with PsA, there is substantial variability, including high rates of discontinuation within the first year and after index therapy. Further studies are warranted to understand reasons for these treatment patterns.References[1]Ogdie A et al. Treatment guidelines in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(Suppl 1):i37-i46.AcknowledgementsThis study was sponsored by Bristol Myers Squibb. Statistical analysis support was provided by Arindom Borkakoti, formerly of Mu Sigma. Professional medical writing assistance was provided by LeeAnn Braun, MPH, MEd, of Peloton Advantage, LLC, an OPEN Health company, Parsippany, NJ, USA, and funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.Disclosure of InterestsJiyoon Choi Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Antoine Sreih Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Thomas Lehman Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Manasi Suryavanshi Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Qian Xia Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Miroslawa Nowak Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb

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Hobeysh, M. M., K. N. Monakhov, and E. V. Sokolovsky. "Capabilities of the basic treatment preparations in the combined treatment of psoriasis." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 88, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv714.

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Target. Research of the efficiency of Isida substances in the complex therapy of psoriasis. Маterial and methods. The research comprises 30 patients with psoriasis, treated in hospital (15 — with limited vulgar psoriasis and 15 — with palm and foot psoriasis) with Isida substances (cream gel for dry and sensible face and body skin and cream gel for hands). Results. The good efficiency and tolerance are highlighted: the decrease of PASI index by 53,6% at patients with limited vulgar psoriasis and by 47,4% at patients with palm and foot psoriasis. The dermatologic life quality index at all patients has decreased by 55,9%.

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Holmes, Ann. "The Prevalence of Orthodontic Treatment Need." British Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 3 (August 1992): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.19.3.177.

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The prevalence of unmet orthodontic treatment need amongst 955 12-year-old Sheffield children has been assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [I.O.T.N.]. The Index was found to be quick and simple to use, and demonstrated very good levels of intra-examiner agreement.

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Chawla, Rachita. "Cornual pregnancy-high index of suspicion." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180642.

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Cornual ectopic pregnancy is a rare variant of ectopic pregnancy which requires high index of clinical suspicion and radiological support to manage. The incidence of interstitial pregnancy is rising. Traditional treatment with laparotomy, is associated with high morbidity and detrimental effects on future fertility. A diverse array of alternate treatments has been introduced over the last 3 decades, with the goal of achieving a conservative or inimally invasive management. Here we present such a case.

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Gyawali, Rajesh, Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel, Jamal Giri, Gunjan Kumar Shrestha, and Bhushan Bhattarai. "Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need of Patients undergoing Orthodontic Treatment at BPKIHS, Dharan." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v6i1.16175.

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Introduction: Measurement of the severity of malocclusion is assessed with various indices among which Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is widely used for clinical and epidemiological purpose. Objective: To find out the treatment need of patients who are undergoing orthodontic treatment.Materials & Method: 207 patients (71 male, 136 female) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were assessed for the dental health component (DHC) and aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) by a single investigator. DHC was assessed with study models, whereas AC with intraoral frontal photograph.Result: Examination of DHC showed that 1 patient (0.5%) had no need; 20 patients (9.7%) had mild/little need; 50 patients (24.2%) had moderate/borderline need; 97 (46.9%) had severe need; 39 patients (18.8%) had extreme treatment need. Similarly, 7 patients (3.4%) had AC 1; 18 patients (8.7%) had AC 2; 13 patients (6.3%) had AC 3; 32 patients (15.5%) had AC 4; 34 patients (16.4%) had AC 5; 25 patients (12.1%) had AC 6; 18 patients (8.7%) had AC 7; 35 patients (16.9%) had AC 8; 15 patients (7.2%) had AC 9; 10 patients (4.8%) had AC 10.Conclusion: Among the patients who were undergoing orthodontic treatment, majority were in severe/extreme treatment need, however few with no treatment need were also found.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.23-26

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Pfeifer, H. H., and E. A. Thiele. "Low-glycemic-index treatment: A liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy." Neurology 65, no. 11 (December 12, 2005): 1810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000187071.24292.9e.

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Manzanera, D., J. M. Montiel-Company, J. M. Almerich-Silla, and J. L. Gandia. "Diagnostic agreement in the assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the Dental Aesthetic Index and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need." European Journal of Orthodontics 32, no. 2 (October 8, 2009): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjp084.

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Stenehjem, Aud‐E, and Ingrid Os. "Clinical utility and applicability of smoothness index, normalized smoothness index and individualized RDH index during treatment of essential hypertension." Blood Pressure 15, no. 5 (January 2006): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08037050600996628.

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