Journal articles on the topic 'Treated textile effluents'
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1
Wijeyaratne, W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini, and P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe. "Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations." Journal of Toxicology 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814196.
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Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.
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GIRI, SHAKUNTALA, and R. P. SINGH. "Impact of Textile Industry Effluent on Chlorophyll and Nutrient Content in Tomato." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 19, 2022): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/66.
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The components generally present in textile industry effluents cause damage to water bodies, when untreated effluents are discharged into it. The aim of the present study is to observe impact of textile industry effluent on chlorophyll and nutrient content in tomato. Effluent of textile industry was procured from district Bhadohi and used in this study. A pot experiment was conducted adopting Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications in the natural open weather conditions for 60 days during the plant season. Five concentrations viz; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used for present experiment. Zero per cent concentration was treated as control. Observations related to chlorophyll and nutrient content (carbohydrate, nitrogen and protein) were recorded at different days after transplanting. Results indicate that chlorophyll and nutrient content gradually decreased with increase in effluent concentrations and the maximum amount was found at 0% concentration level whereas minimum was with 100% concentration. Keywords: Textile effluent, Tomato, Chlorophyll, Carbohydrate, Nitrogen and Protein content
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Casimiro, S., and M. L. Fidalgo. "Performance of the freshwater shrimp <i>Atyaephyra desmarestii</i> as indicator of stress imposed by textile effluents." Web Ecology 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2007): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-7-35-2007.
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Abstract. Textile plants consume large volumes of water and produce a great amount of wastewaters, which can be important sources of toxic discharges in receiving environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of textile effluents on the freshwater shrimp A. desmarestii. A whole effluent toxicity test procedure was used to determine the aggregate toxicity of three samples taken before and after wastewater treatment in a textile mill. The following LC50 − 48 h values (%, v/v) were calculated: Untreated effluent −29% effluent (sample 1), 22% effluent (sample 2), and 47% (sample 3); Treated effluent −73% effluent (sample 1), 74% effluent (sample 2), and > 100% (sample 3). Based upon acute toxicity units (TUa = 100/LC50), untreated effluent varied from toxic in samples 1 and 3 (2.00 ≤ TUa ≤ 4.00) to very toxic in sample 2 (TUa > 4.0), whereas treated effluent varied from no toxic in sample 3 to moderately toxic in samples 1 and 2 (1.33 ≤ TUa ≤ 1.99). Despite some limitations and constraints related to innate variability of industrial effluents, our results suggested that A. desmarestii can be a promising and potential test organism for assessing toxicity of complex chemical mixtures.
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Gupta, Poonam, Monika Asthana, Avnish Kumar, and Siddhartha Barun. "Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352.
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Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205
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Hu, Shang, and Chiu. "Removal of Reactive Dyes in Textile Effluents by Catalytic Ozonation Pursuing on-Site Effluent Recycling." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152755.
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The textile wash-off process consumes substantial amounts of water, which generates large volumes of wastewater that pose potential pollution issues for the environment. In the present study, catalytic ozonation was applied to degrade residual dyes present in rinsing effluents from wash-off processes towards the aim of recycling the waste effluents. A magnetic catalyst was prepared for promoting dye degradation by catalytic ozonation. Via a hydrothermal reaction, highly magnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) particles were successfully loaded on carbon aerogel (CA) materials (MnFe2O4@CA). The results showed that the developed catalyst strikingly promoted the degradation of dye contaminants by catalytic ozonation, in terms of color removal and reduction of chemical oxidation demand (COD) in rinsing effluents. COD removal efficiency in catalytic ozonation was enhanced by 25% when compared with that achieved by ozonation alone under the same treatment conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that after catalytic ozonation, the rinsing effluents could be recycled to replace fresh water without any evident compromise in the color quality of fabrics. The color difference (ΔEcmc(2:1)) between fabrics treated with recycled effluents and water was not more than 1.0, suggesting that the fabrics treated with recycled effluents displayed acceptable color reproducibility. Although colorfastness and color evenness of fabrics treated with recycled effluents were slightly poorer than those of fabrics treated with water, they were still within the acceptable tolerance. Therefore, the present study validated that catalytic ozonation was a promising technology for saving water and wastewater elimination in textile dyeing. It provides a feasibility assessment of catalytic ozonation for recycling waste effluents to reduce water dependence in textile production. Furthermore, we show a new perspective in on-site recycling waste effluents by catalytic ozonation and enrich the knowledge on feasible approaches for water management in textile production.
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Sayed, Md Abu, and M. G. Mostaf. "Characterization of Textile Dyeing Effluent and Removal Efficiency Assessment of Al2(SO4)3 Coagulant." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 07, no. 03 (2023): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2023.7314.
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The textile dyeing industry discharges a variety of effluents into nearby surface water bodies, which pose a threat to the environment. The study aimed to characterize the effluents and evaluate the coagulant efficiency of Al2(SO4)3 for the treatment of textile effluent. This investigation deals with studying the parameters affecting coagulation-flocculation (C-F) behavior, such as coagulant dose, reaction time, pH, and temperature, using a jar test apparatus. The analyzed parameters before and after treatment are pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and some anions. The analysis results showed that the textile dyeing effluent was highly alkaline, and parameters like EC, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, and some anions were found to be higher than the DoE-BD standard guidelines for effluent discharge, indicating that the effluents are loaded with high amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants. The study optimized the process parameters of the coagulation The study optimized the process parameters of the coagulation, which illustrated that the Al2(SO4)3 coagulant potentially reduced pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD from the effluents. The study observed that the highest removal of COD and BOD was 66% and 74% for the samples Ef2 and Ef3, respectively. The highest TSS removal rate was around 90% for Ef3, and almost 80% TDS removal was achieved for all effluents. The results indicated that Al2(SO4)3 showed a better coagulant efficiency for reducing the concentration of several physicochemical parameters in wastewater, and the treated effluent satisfied the DoE-BD standards for discharging wastewater into the public sewage network. Hence, Al2(SO4)3 would be a potential coagulant for treating the textile effluents that help to build a sustainable environment.
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Campos, Marcelo, Sajjad Hussain, Hammad Khan, Amanda Silveira De França, Fábio Veríssimo Gonçalves, Keila Roberta Ferreira De Oliveira, Jhonatan Barbosa Da Silva, and Carlos Nobuyoshi Ide. "Electro-oxidation: An Effective Alternative for the Degradation of Textile Dyes and Reduction of Toxicity in Industrial Effluents." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 6 (July 18, 2023): e03429. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n6-030.
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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of electro-oxidation as a treatment option for textile effluents containing industrial dyes, with the goal of minimizing their environmental impact. Theoretical framework: The textile industry is known for its high water demand and generation of effluents containing dyes, posing an environmental challenge. Electro-oxidation is a promising technology for the degradation of pollutants that are difficult to mineralize. Method: The treatment process and operational conditions were described, utilizing a Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrode. Three ranges of electric current (6, 12, and 18 mA cm-2) were tested to degrade the Procion Yellow (PY) dye. The removal of the dye, energy consumption, reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and effluent toxicity were evaluated. Results and conclusion: The treatment resulted in the removal of 91.4% of the dye, with an energy consumption of 88.4 kWh/m³ for a concentration of 150 mg/L of PY, following a first-order kinetics. Significant reductions in COD (74%) and TOC (85.2%) were observed. The effluent toxicity decreased at currents of 6 and 12 mA cm-2 but increased at 18 mA cm-2. Electro-oxidation proved to be a promising option for treating textile effluents containing industrial dyes. Research implications: The results contribute to the advancement of science and socio-environmental management practices in the textile industry, providing a viable option for effluent treatment and reduction of environmental impact. Originality/value: This study highlights the efficiency of electro-oxidation in the degradation of industrial dyes present in textile effluents, presenting relevant results on dye removal, energy consumption, COD and TOC reduction, as well as the evaluation of treated effluent toxicity.
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Krull, R., and E. Döpkens. "Recycling of dyehouse effluents by biological and chemical treatment." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0293.
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Dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. Dietmar C. Hempel on the occasion of his 60th birthday. A combined biological and chemical process of purification and recycling of residual dyehouse effluents was developed, investigated and installed at a textile finishing company which produces 330,000 m3 colored wastewater effluents per year. The process divided effluent into two streams. Both streams were subjected to anaerobic dye-cleavage, aerobic mineralization of cleavage-products and biomass separation. One stream was also membrane filtered and treated with ozone, which made possible the recycling of 60% of the total discharge. By these means it was possible to increase the quality of the treated streams for recycling purposes, as well as the dye capacity of the textile mill, and to minimize the operating costs. Furthermore, the municipal wastewater treatment plant into which the textile finishing mill's water is discharged, did not need to enhance its capacity.
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Renita, A. Annam, S. Sai Bhargav, and Evin Joy. "Advanced Oxidation Process by Electro-Fenton Reagent." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.159.
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This paper deals with the advanced oxidation using Electro-fenton reagent for the degradation of azo-dyes in textile effluents. Discharge of textile effluents causes inevitable pollution of water resources which calls for further treatment methods. In this experiment, textile effluent samples were treated with iron electrodes with the reagents, hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate .The acid dye effluents which were used in this study are Acid Orange 7, Acid Red 88, and Acid Violet 7. The temperature was set to 40° C. Samples of 20 ml were analyzed for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Colour reduction. Experiments were carried out at voltage variations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 volts. From the results, COD and Colour were observed to be reduced drastically from respective original values before treatment with Fenton’s reagent using electro-chemical method.Keywords--- Advanced oxidation, Electro-fenton, BOD, COD, Colour reduction
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Selim, Mohamed T., Salem S. Salem, Asem A. Mohamed, Mamdouh S. El-Gamal, Mohamed F. Awad, and Amr Fouda. "Biological Treatment of Real Textile Effluent Using Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium and Their Consortium along with the Evaluation of Their Phytotoxicity." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030193.
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Twenty-one fungal strains were isolated from dye-contaminated soil; out of them, two fungal strains A2 and G2-1 showed the highest decolorization capacity for real textile effluent and were, hence, identified as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium based on morphological and molecular methods. The highest decolorization percentage of 78.12 ± 2.1% was attained in the biotreatment with fungal consortium followed by A. flavus and F. oxysporium separately with removal percentages of 54.68 ± 1.2% and 52.41 ± 1.0%, respectively. Additionally, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the treated effluent showed that a maximum peak (λmax) of 415 nm was reduced as compared with the control. The indicators of wastewater treatment efficacy, namely total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand with removal percentages of 78.2, 78.4, 58.2, 78.1, and 77.6%, respectively, demonstrated a considerable decrease in values due to fungal consortium treatment. The reduction in peak and mass area along with the appearance of new peaks in GC-MS confirms a successful biodegradation process. The toxicity of treated textile effluents on the seed germination of Vicia faba was decreased as compared with the control. The shoot length after irrigation with effluents treated by the fungal consortium was 15.12 ± 1.01 cm as compared with that treated by tap-water, which was 17.8 ± 0.7 cm. Finally, we recommended the decrease of excessive uses of synthetic dyes and utilized biological approaches for the treatment of real textile effluents to reuse in irrigation of uneaten plants especially with water scarcity worldwide.
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Gutiérrez, M. C., and M. Crespi. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE EFFLUENTS TREATED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 11 (January 1, 2000): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784544497.
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Basak, Serden, and Dilek Ozgun. "The inhibition effect of ozonation in textile wastewater." World Journal of Environmental Research 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v5i1.96.
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<p>The textile industry effluent includes toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic compounds. Color containing substances are one of the most important effluents among these compounds. These substances should be treated and for the treatment of these substances, biological wastewater treatment processes are frequently preferred. However, biological wastewater treatment processes might not be adequate, therefore, advanced treatment processes could be applied for textile effluent to meet the discharge limits. One of the often-used advanced treatment processes is ozonation. Ozone is a disinfectant and a powerful oxidant The aim of this study is to show the effects, which include decolorization and inhibition effects, of ozonation on real textile wastewater after anaerobic treatment. For evaluating of ozonation efficiency DOC, alkalinity, pH, ORP and color were measured. The change of color was measured at 436 nm, 525 nm and 620 nm wavelengths. In conclusion, with 10 minutes of ozone contact time, color and DOC are removed by 80% and 65%, respectively. The inhibition tests indicate that the effluents should be considered slightly toxic with 10 min ozonation time.</p><p> Keywords: ozonation, textile wastewater, decolorization, inhibition effect.</p>
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Castro, Ana Margarida, Verónica Nogueira, Isabel Lopes, Teresa Rocha-Santos, and Ruth Pereira. "Evaluation of the Potential Toxicity of Effluents from the Textile Industry before and after Treatment." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183804.
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The textile industry has an important role in the economic development of several countries; however, it consumes large amounts of water and generates huge quantities of wastewater. These effluents are of great environmental concern due to their complex chemical content, known by their toxicity and low biodegradability, which can cause harmful effects to the aquatic environment. In the present study, bioassays with aquatic species were employed to evaluate the toxicity of effluent samples collected before and after the treatments performed by the textile company. The toxic effects were investigated using four organisms, namely Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, to represent different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological data confirmed that the raw textile effluent was very toxic, with A. fischeri being the most sensitive organism. While the toxicity of the effluent collected after the treatment performed by the textile company was clearly reduced, we still recorded sublethal toxicity to D. magna. These results highlight the importance of the bioassays for continuous monitoring of the toxicity of the treated effluents to prevent adverse effects on the environment. Further, results suggest that ecotoxicological data should be required in parallel with chemical data to better evaluate the safety of environmental discharges of wastewaters.
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Zaharia, Carmen, Victor Amarandei, and Augustin Muresan. "Comparative Overview of Different Physical-Chemical Treatments Applied for Real Textile Effluents." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.58.
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The paper presents different physical-chemical treatment applications for textile effluents (i.e. one-single or mixed treatment stages as coagulation-flocculation, homogenous advanced oxidation with hydrogen peroxide as Fenton-like processes, sorption applied for different textile wastewaters followed by sedimentation and/or filtration). The efficiencies of textile wastewater treatments in terms of effluent quality, treatment degree, and optimal operating parameters (i.e. pH, concentration of chemical reagents and materials used, temperature, operating regime, and time) are discussed, together with some restrictions and recommendations. These data concerning different effluent treatments are useful to the environmental management staff but also to all employees that adopted an environmental attitude (EA) in all them behaviour. The concern of solving inside environmental problems (mainly focused on quality of final effluent discharge in aquatic receptor and/or treated effluent recycling), and acting into an ethical, legal and viable manner is necessary and obligatory in the present condition of fresh water deficit, pollution increasing of natural surface water resources, and its variety and/or complexity.
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QAMAR, MUHAMMAD TUSIEF, HUSSAN MALIK MUMTAZ, MUHAMMAD MOHSIN, HAFIZ NAEEM ASGHAR, MUHAMMAD IQBAL, and MAHMOOD NASIR. "Development of floating treatment wetlands with plant-bacteria partnership to clean textile bleaching effluent." Industria Textila 70, no. 06 (December 12, 2019): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.06.1679.
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Treatment of textile wastewater prior to its discharge into the environment is a highly concerned issue of the industry. The current established methods in textile industry for effluent treatment are typically high in cost, require range of chemicals along with the generation of concentrated hazardous sludge. It is therefore inevitable to look for economical and eco-friendly ways to treat textile wastewater. Hence, the present study was endeavored to develop green, chemical free and sustainable bacteria inoculated plant based technique for remedying textile bleaching effluents. A lab scale floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) system was developed and implemented for remediation of H2O2 based textile bleaching wastewater. This system was designed by vegetating two free floating aquatic plants Eichhorniacrassipes and Pistia stratiotes. The performance of this system was enhanced by inoculating two pollutant degrading and plant growth promoting bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The efficacy of this bacterial augmented FTWs system was assessed by monitoring physicochemical parameters of treated wastewater. A substantial decrease in pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD and COD was noted. This stamped the effectiveness of this sustainable technique to treat textile effluents.
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Khan, H., RS Akter, and SA Lipi. "Strategies for the Remediation of Cadmium and Chromium From Industrial Effluents in Response to Amaranthus Cruentus, Spinacia Oleracea And Amaranthus Viridis of Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 8, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v8i2.63822.
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Discharge of industrial effluents and their remediation in relation to crop production are the major concerns. Accordingly, the color, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, chloride, CO3, HCO3, alkalinity, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cr contents in the effluents discharged from Hazaribagh tannery and Tejgaon textile industries in Dhaka were determined. These effluents had no significant (p≤0.05) effects on soil pH but exerted significant positive effects on the CEC of the soil. The TDS of the effluents were also high but it decreased by alum [K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 24 H2O] treatment (0.1%). The DO of the effluents was low and the COD was high leading to a serious threat for aquatic lives. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr were high. Filtration through natural sand-gravity-filter acts like Effluent Treatment Plant-ETP and coagulation of effluents by alum decreased the concentrations of Cd and Cr below the permissible limits. The treated effluents were used for the production of vegetables of red amaranth (Amarunthus cruentus), green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and green amaranth (Amarunthus viridis) grown in a non-polluted soil under pot experiments. Application of treated effluents was found to have significant (p≤0.05) positive effects on the biomass production of the vegetables. The highest amounts of assimilation of Cd in plants were recorded for the Green spinach followed by Green amaranth and for Cr, the order was green spinach followed by red amaranth and green amaranth vegetables grown under the treated effluents of tannery and textile industries. The present study revealed that the natural sand-gravity-filter (i.e., Economic ETP) and alum treatments were found to be effective not only for the remediation of polluted effluents but also improved the growth of vegetables. The use of natural filter and/or alum treatment can be practiced for the remediation of pollution of industrial effluents before discharging from industries. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(2): 109-118
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Kaur, Jaskaran, Sandip Singh Bhatti, Sartaj Ahmad Bhat, Avinash Kaur Nagpal, Varinder Kaur, and Jatinder Kaur Katnoria. "Evaluating Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals of Textile Effluents and Soil Samples in Vicinity of Textile Industries." Soil Systems 5, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5040063.
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The present study pertains to assessing the heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn) contents of untreated and treated effluents of two textile industries and agricultural soil samples in the vicinity of these industries located in Ludhiana, Punjab (India). The genotoxicity of the effluents samples was estimated using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The exposure of Allium cepa roots to untreated effluents from both industries resulted in the reduction of mitotic index (MI) and increase in chromosomal aberrations in the root tip meristematic cells when compared to those that were exposed to the treated effluents indicating the significant genotoxic potential of untreated effluents. Risk characterization of soil sample was carried out by calculating the potential ecological and human health risks of heavy metals. The hazard index was observed to be less than 1, indicating there was no potential health risk of heavy metals in soil samples. Furthermore, bioaccumulation potential studies on plant species grown in the vicinity of these industries have shown that bioaccumulation factor (BAF) varied as Ricinus communis L. > Chenopodium album L. > Cannabis sativa L. with Co and Pb having maximum and minimum values, respectively.
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Mahajan, Pooja, Jyotsna Kaushal, Arun Upmanyu, and Jasdev Bhatti. "Assessment of Phytoremediation Potential of Chara vulgaris to Treat Toxic Pollutants of Textile Effluent." Journal of Toxicology 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8351272.
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Textile effluent released into water bodies is prone to be toxic for aquatic flora and fauna. In the present study, the phytoremediation potential of Chara vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is investigated for treatment of textile effluent. The highly concentrated and toxic textile effluent is diluted to different concentrations 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% to check the accessibility of macroalgae to bear pollutant load of textile effluent. The toxicity of textile effluent is analysed by determining different water quality parameters, namely, pH, TDS, BOD, COD, and EC. The maximum reductions in TDS (68%), COD (78%), BOD (82%), and EC (86%) were found in the 10% concentrated textile effluent after 120 h of treatment. The highly concentrated textile effluent showed its toxic effect on macroalgae and it was found unable to show a remarkable change in water quality parameters of 75% and 100% textile effluent. The correlation coefficient values are determined using correlation matrix to identify the high correlation between different water quality parameters. The removal of toxic organic pollutants by C. vulgaris was confirmed by using UV-visible absorption spectra. Typical X-ray spectra recorded using EDXRF technique indicated the presence of heavy metals Cd in the dried sample of macroalgae after treatment which show its capability to remove toxic heavy metals from textile effluent. The reliability model has been proposed for treated textile effluents to identify percentage level of toxicity tolerance of waste water by macroalgae.
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Wahid, Sarkar Imran, Ohidul Alam, Mohammed Kamal Hossain, Milan Kumar Chakraborty, and Mohammad Mohinuzzaman. "Efficiency analysis of effluents treatment plants of different industries at Kalurghat – Port City of Bangladesh." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.035.
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The study was executed at Kalurghat industrial area to determine the efficiency of effluent treatment plants by testing different physicochemical parameters. Results revealed that only 3 out of 9 industries treated their effluents efficiently and discharged following the standards of Department of Environment. The remaining industries viz. Alfa Textile treated their effluent but the values of pH (10.2), dissolve oxygen (DO) (3.6 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (89 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (282 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (221 mg/L), and electric conductivity (EC) (4,003 μS/cm) exceeded the standards, and released untreated effluents directly into the environment. Smart Jeans didn't maintain the standard of EC (1,927 μS/cm), DO (3.2 mg/L), BOD (96 mg/L) and COD (216 mg/L). Asian Apparels EC (1,973 μS/cm), DO (4 mg/L), BOD (79 mg/L), and COD (221 mg/L) weren't up to the standards. Similarly, Mans Fashion EC (1,243 μS/cm), DO (3.7 mg/L), TSS (180 mg/L), BOD (78 mg/L), and COD (255 mg/L) also exceeded the standards. In addition, Well Group TSS (160 mg/L), EC (3,201 μS/cm), DO (4.2 mg/L), and COD (235 mg/L) while Golden Height only EC (1,762 μS/cm) crossed the prescribed limits. Inversely, all the sampled industries volleyed effluents containing metals within the standards level except Alfa Textile (Cu, Zn, & Cr), Well Group (Cr) and Asian Apparels (Ni).
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Rengadurai, S., S. Balraj, P. Elavarasan, M. G. Devanesan, and Ali S. B. Riswan. "A Review on Textile Effluents Treatment Approaches." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2607rjce198212.
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The textile sector is the largest industrial sector in the world. Textile processing produces lot of complex chemical substances as effluents during various stages of operation. The effluents discharged are treated with various methods say adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, electro kinetic coagulation, coagulation, oxidative process, ozonation, photo and electro chemical destruction and biological processes. Each process has its own merits and demerits. The aim of this paper is to discuss the above-mentioned methods.
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FUNGARO, Denise Alves, Sueli Ivone BORRELY, and Marcela HIGA. "REMOVAL OF COLOR FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS BY ADSORPTION USING UNMODIFIED AND SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITE FROM CYCLONE ASH." Periódico Tchê Química 12, no. 24 (August 20, 2014): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v11.n22.2014.7_periodico_22_pgs_7_14.pdf.
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Treatment of wastewater is one of the biggest problems faced by textile and dyestuff manufacturers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using zeolitic materials as low cost media for removal of color from dye effluents. Zeolite synthesized from cyclone ash (ZCA) was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and the adsorption efficiencies for unmodified and surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZCA) were studied using a batch equilibration method. SMZCA presented higher color removal efficiency than ZCA, removing 60-100% of color for textile effluents and around 39% for effluent of dyestuff manufacturing industry. The effects of dilution on color removal were evaluated. The pH values of the treated effluent were according to the Brazilian legislation. It can be concluded that surfactant modified-zeolite from cyclone ash is a promising low-cost adsorbent for color removal from textile wastewater.
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Karthika, T., S. Shalini, P. S. Kothai, and K. Arumugam. "Impact of dyeing industry effluents on geotechnical properties of soil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012233.
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Abstract In developing countries concentration on pollutants produced by industries such as dyeing, tanneries industries are exceptionally high. The disposal of untreated industrial waste water similar to dyeing effluent on soil is a widespread practice in developing nations. The unprocessed effluents severely deteriorate the soil properties. The study on dyeing effluents from industries affects engineering properties of soil. Hence the soil properties have to be improved for intensification of soil for the constructional activities. The soil properties are very much exaggerated by dyeing effluent which produces the soil and water pollution. In this study textile industry effluent is taken as pollutants and laboratory experiments are carried. The affected soils were treated with marble dusts as admixture to improve the soil properties. For assessment polluted and unpolluted soil samples are treated with 20% of dyeing effluent and tests were conceded out to identify an extent of the contamination. The cured samples show a decrease in strength values up to 30% with raise in the percentage of infectivity (dyeing effluent). The geotechnical properties and their stabilization using marble dust are determined with mixtures and explored.
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Islam, S. M. N., S. H. Rahman, M. M. Rahman, T. M. Adyel, R. A. Yesman, M. S. Ahmed, and N. Kaiser. "Excessive Turbidity Removal from Textile Effluents Using Electrocoagulation Technique." Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (August 28, 2011): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7533.
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The work was conducted for improving textile effluent quality via turbidity removal by electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum sacrificial electrode. Effluents were treated at 30 minutes and 30 volts (30min-30V) and 60 minutes and 40 volts (60min-40V) condition in a 1000 ml reactor cell with anode distance of 4 cm. Prior to EC experiment, physico-chemical parameters of effluent were measured and turbidity level was found eight times higher than the Department of Environment (DoE) standard. Turbidity removal ranged from 53 to 96.2% and 58 to 97.5% for condition one and two, respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO) increased satisfactorily for both conditions. Total operational cost ranged from 62.50 to 70.41 taka/m3 at 30min-30V and 159.57 to 187.7 taka/m3 at 60min-40V. Moreover, sludge formation ranged from 6.73×10-4 to 8.41×10-4 kg in first condition and 1.21×10-3 to 1.5431×10-3 kg in second one. So, EC treatment was very effective and capable of elevating quality of the textile wastewater effluent in terms of turbidity to discharge into inland surface water. During EC operation it was also possible to lessen the total cost in maximum removal by changing the operating condition and 30min-30V was enough to get environmental friendly solution. Results will encourage the industry-owner to treat polluted effluents by EC.Keywords: Textile industry; ETP; Electrocoagulation; Sacrificial Electrode; Turbidity; Operational cost.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7533 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 567-578 (2011)
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Peláez Cid, Alejandra Alicia, Araceli Vázquez Barranco, and Ana María Herrera González. "Elimination of Dyes Present in Textile Industry Wastewater Using Adsorbent Materials Prepared from Broccoli Stem." Advanced Materials Research 976 (June 2014): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.207.
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This paper presents the results of the adsorption of textile dyes in static systems, using adsorbent materials prepared from broccoli waste collected after harvest. The adsorption capacities of the non-activated lignocellulosic residue (BrocNat), the chemically activated waste using sodium hydroxide (BrocNaOH), the thermally activated at 823 K ash (AshBroc), and the chemically activated carbon using phosphoric acid at 673 K (CarBrocQ) were tested. Aqueous solutions containing cationic and anionic dyes as well as textile effluents generated after the dyeing process of a cotton-processing factory containing vat and reactive dyes were treated. Lignocellulosic materials were only effective in removing dyes when they were found in aqueous solution. The carbonaceous adsorbent CarBrocQ presented removal percentages close to 100% and between 13 and 75% for reactive and vat dyes contained in the effluents respectively. To accomplish the complete elimination of color from effluents containing vat dyes, these were treated before adsorption, using aluminum chlorohydrate and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) as coagulant and flocculant agents, respectively. The COD of the effluent containing vat dyes was reduced up to 93% after both treatments were combined, and the removal of color was absolute. The high adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ occurs because of its high specific surface area, which was determined by N2 adsorption to be 1177 m2g-1. In the case of the lignocellulosic material, the specific surface area was determined by means of adsorption of methylene blue, and it was 485 m2g-1 for both. The adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ was compared with that of commercial carbons, and proved to be similar. The adsorption results obtained indicate that broccoli waste can be used to prepare activated carbon with applications in the removal of dyes present in textile effluents.
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Yuzer, Burak, and Huseyin Selcuk. "Recovery of Biologically Treated Textile Wastewater by Ozonation and Subsequent Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis Process." Membranes 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110900.
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The Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis process (BPMED) can produce valuable chemicals such as acid (HCl, H2SO4, etc.) and base (NaOH) from saline and brackish waters under the influence of an electrical field. In this study, BPMED was used to recover wastewater and salt in biologically treated textile wastewater (BTTWW). BPMED process, with and without pre-treatment (softening and ozonation), was evaluated under different operational conditions. Water quality parameters (color, remaining total organic carbon, hardness, etc.) in the acid, base and filtrated effluents of the BPMED process were evaluated for acid, base, and wastewater reuse purposes. Ozone oxidation decreased 90% of color and 37% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in BTTWW. As a result, dye fouling on the anion exchange membrane of the BPMED process was reduced. Subsequently, over 90% desalination efficiency was achieved in a shorter period. Generated acid, base, and effluent wastewater of the BPMED process were found to be reusable in wet textile processes. Results indicated that pre-ozonation and subsequent BPMED membrane systems might be a promising solution in converging to a zero discharge approach in the textile industry.
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Sousa, Mariana Lopes, Peterson Bueno Moraes, and Ederio Dino Bidoia. "Photoeletrolytic system applied to remazol red brilliant degradation." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.208.
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Toxicity tests using Sacharomycces cerevisiae were made with simulated textile effluents containing reactive dye (remazol red brilliant) treated by photoeletrolytic process, varying treatment time and applied current. The treatment incorporated an electrolytic reactor with rectangular titanium anode coated with 70% TiO2/30% RuO2 cathode and a rectangular stainless steel coupled with another photolytic reactor containing a high power UV lamp. The treatment system was used in batch recirculation, in other words, the simulated effluent was driven by the system through a helical pump. It was observed that the higher the value of current applied, the longer the treatment has greater color removal of textile effluent and higher mortality of S. cerevisiae, killing up to 100% of the cells at the end of the treatment. With a lower current applied and having the treatment time of 5 minutes, the effluent showed a color removal of 97% and a lower mortality of S. cerevisiae than the effluent simulated without any treatment.
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Sacks, J., C. A. Buckley, E. Senior, and H. Kasan. "An assessment of the feasibility of anaerobic digestion as a treatment method for high strength or toxic organic effluents." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0680.
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The anaerobic digestion process converts organic materials into a methane-rich biogas. The KwaZulu-Natal region has the potential to attract a significant amount of industry. The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of using anaerobic digestion as a treatment method for high-strength or toxic organic effluents. A strategy was developed to evaluate the degradability and toxicity of effluents and, ultimately, predict the efficiency of treatment in a full-scale digester. This paper details the strategy and investigates the degradation potential of a textile size effluent (COD ca. 140,000 mg/l). The ultimate degradability of the effluent was determined as well as the concentrations and volumes, which could be treated effectively. The inhibitory components of the size effluent were found to be Plystran (10 mg/l) and the biocide (5 mg/l). Anaerobic digestion was found to be feasible, on a laboratory-scale. These results are being applied for scale-up, to full-scale implementation in an existing anaerobic digester.
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da Motta, Maurício, Raquel Pereira, M. Madalena Alves, and Luciana Pereira. "UV/Tio2 photocatalytic reactor for real textile wastewaters treatment." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 10 (October 23, 2014): 1670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.428.
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Textile dye wastewaters are characterized by strong colour, salts and other additives, high pH, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradable materials. Being aesthetically and environmentally unacceptable, these wastewaters need to be treated before their discharge. Anaerobic bioprocesses have been proposed as being environmentally friendly and relatively cheap; however, when applied to real effluent with a complex composition, they can fail. In this study, a photoreactor combining UV light and TiO2, immobilized in cellulosic fabric, was applied for the treatment of two industrial textile wastewaters. High colour and COD removal, and detoxification, were achieved for both wastewaters, at controlled pH of 5.5. Effluents showed very poor biodegradability due to their complex composition; thus, the proposed process is an efficient alternative.
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Rodrigues, Kelly, Alana M. X. de Sousa, Andreza D. O. dos Santos, Bárbara C. A. Barbosa, A. Rita Silva, Luciana Pereira, and Glória M. M. Silva. "Decolorization and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater Containing Indigo Carmine by Aspergillus niger AN400 in Sequential Reactors." Colorants 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colorants3010005.
Full textAbstract:
Effluents from the textile industry are an active problem in the sector and one of the world’s main environmental problems. The conventional treatments applied are not always efficient in terms of compliance with legislation, and, in many cases, the efficiency of treatment is guaranteed by the enormous energy expenditure involved, camouflaging the momentary problem and not effectively treating it. In this work, batch reactors with immobilized biomass of Aspergillus niger AN400 were arranged in series for the treatment of real textile wastewater containing approximately 20 mg/L of indigo carmine. Sucrose was added as a co-substrate in concentrations of 1 g/L and 0.5 g/L, in the first and second reactors, respectively, over 19 cycles of 48 h. The highest decolorization rate in the system was (93 ± 4) %, with the largest amount removed in the first reactor (90 ± 6) %, occurring mainly by biological means. The production of aromatic by-products from the initial degradation of the dye molecule was reflected in the lower removal efficiency of dissolved organic matter: 52% in the first reactor, and 25% in the second reactor. The number of colonies of fungi was higher than that of bacteria, 2.24:1 and 2.44:1 in the first and second reactors, respectively. The treated effluent in the system showed less toxicity than the raw effluent, and this demonstrates the potential of this technology in the treatment of textile effluents containing indigo carmine.
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Krull, R. "Production integrated treatment of textile wastewater by closing raw material cycles." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0706.
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A method for the in-house treatment of partial wastewater flows and the recycling of treated process water into the textile finishing process was developed in order to recycle effluents from textile finishing industry and feed them back into the production process. The method is based on a two-stage biological anaerobic–aerobic process to split colouring wastewater agents and to degrade organic sub-stances contained in the water as well as a chemical stage to remove the remaining color of the water with the help of ozone. In the framework of a research and development project a demonstration plant for a treatment capacity of 1440m3 per working day was installed and started in a textile finishing company. At the plant, a wastewater flow and a recycling flow are treated separately in two different treatment lanes. Approximately 40% of the total wastewater flows, i.e. 576m3/d are treated in the wastewater lane, and a maximum of 60% of total wastewater, i.e. 864m3/d are treated in the recycling lane. Thanks to the preliminary treatment of wastewater flows, which are discharged into the municipal sewage works, a reduction of average COD levels in the sewage works effluents could be achieved.
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López-Casaperalta, Patricia, Fredy Nicolás Molina-Rodríguez, Fernando Fernandez-F, Jeanette Fabiola Díaz-Quintanilla, Jaime E. Barreda-Del-Carpio, Julio Cesar Bernabe-Ortiz, and Jorge Alberto Aguilar-Pineda. "Optimization of a Textile Effluent Treatment System and Evaluation of the Feasibility to Be Reused as Influents in Textile Dyeing Processes." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315588.
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Textile effluents derived from azo-reactive dyeing processes represent a severe problem for aquatic ecosystems and human health. The large amounts of water used in this process and the poor quality of the discharges urge the need to develop treatment systems that involve reusing treated water. In this research, we present the optimization of a feasible, simple, and efficient treatment system that improves the quality of the effluents from the cotton fabric dyeing process. Through the characterization of the influents and effluents, we have identified seven parameters that have allowed the optimization of the treatment. Analytical techniques, such as nephelometry, EDTA, gravimetry, and BOD5, among others, and specialized equipment, such as the spectrophotometer, have been used for these purposes. The results showed that using combustion gases in the neutralization stage and new flocculant-coagulant reagents improved parameters, such as pH, total solids, hardness, and conductivity. The quality of the effluents thus obtained allowed their reuse only in the stages before the dyeing bath without affecting the final quality of the cotton fabrics in dark colors. This effort implies savings in water and supplies, and opens the door to future research on the treatment of textile effluents that help improve the environmental conditions of our region.
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Ince, N. H., and G. Tezcanlı. "Treatability of textile dye-bath effluents by advanced oxidation: preparation for reuse." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0040.
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Treatability of textile dye-bath effluents by advanced oxidation with Fenton and Fenton-like reagents (FeII/H2O2 and FeIII/H2O2), in the presence and absence of UV light was investigated, using a reactive azo-dye (Procion Red HE7B), and typical dye bath constituents. Under the experimental conditions employed, it was found that with 20 min UV irradiation, complete color removal and 79% total organic carbon degradation is possible, when the system is operated at pH=3, and with a H2O2/Fe(II) molar ratio of 20:1. The increased dissolved solids content of the treated solution implies the necessity of an appropriate membrane system to make the effluent reusable in the dye/wash processes.
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Mzahma, Sourour, Joelle Duplay, Dalila Souguir, Raja Ben Amar, Malika Ghazi, and Mohamed Hachicha. "Membrane Processes Treatment and Possibility of Agriculture Reuse of Textile Effluents: Study Case in Tunisia." Water 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071430.
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Several processes have been developed to treat the textile effluents. Membrane technologies are among the most reliable processes for purifying these effluents. However, due to high costs, only reduced quantities are being treated. The recycling practices of treated textile effluents (TTE) in agriculture have not been appropriately explored. This work evaluates the quality of waters treated by membrane processes and puts forward a scenario for optimizing TTEs in agriculture. Four types of TTE have been tested to irrigate Sesbania bispinosa plants: water from biological treatment (BT) and water from three membrane processes after BT (Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), and Reverse Osmosis (RO)). The results indicate that the NF and RO membranes have a high affinity to remove monovalent and multivalent ions. Indeed, the removal of SO42−, Na+, and Cl− by NF was 83, 61, and 55%, respectively. Thus, the RO reduces approximately 96% of these elements. Irrigation with NF and RO waters has no negative effect on the soil and Sesbania plants, contrary to BT and UF waters. It appears that the reuse of TTE resulting from BT is not a good alternative; however, by carrying out additional treatments by NF and RO, their reuses have been made possible. The achieved results are a proposal to simultaneously solve three major problems affecting most of the world’s population: (1) environmental pollution by reducing the discharge of untreated textile effluents and improving the quality of this discharged water; (2) the pressure on water resources in the agricultural sector by replacing a conventional resource with a non-conventional resource (TTE); and (3) the lack of fodder, especially in the summer, by opting for crops that adapt to the quality of these TTE.
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Ćurić, Iva, and Davor Dolar. "Investigation of Pretreatment of Textile Wastewater for Membrane Processes and Reuse for Washing Dyeing Machines." Membranes 12, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050449.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the best pretreatment of textile wastewater (TWW) for membrane separation processes and the previously unexplored reuse of treated TWW for washing dyeing machines. Sand filtration (SF), coagulation, coagulation/flocculation, and ultrafiltration (UF) with hollow fiber membrane (ZW1) were used for pretreatment. Pretreatment selection was based on turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and color. SF and ZW1 were found to be the best pretreatments. In addition, the SF and ZW1 effluents were subjected to the 5 (PT) and 50 (MW) kDa UF flat sheet membranes to test removal efficiency. ZW1-PT was better in terms of removal results and fouling. To reduce the use of drinking water for washing dyeing machines, the characteristics of ZW1-PT effluent were compared with drinking water from a textile factory. TWW treated with this hybrid process fulfils the purpose of reuse for washing dyeing machines and can be used in Galeb d.d., Croatia, or in any other textile factory, saving up to 26,000 m3 of drinking water per year. This contributes to both sustainable production and the conservation of water resources.
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Elhafdi, Mohammed, Abderrahim Dassaas, Mohamed Benchikhi, Hachemi Chenik, Abdelhafid Essadki, and Mohamed Azzi. "ELECTROCOAGULATION/ELECTROFLOTATION OF REAL TEXTILE EFFLUENT: IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS IN NONCONVENTIONAL PILOT EXTERNAL LOOP AIRLIFT REACTOR." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 11 (January 27, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i11.2019.462.
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A pilot external-loop airlift reactor (ELAR) of 150 liters was designed and used as a non – conventional reactor to carry out Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation to treat real textile effluents containing disperse and reactive dyes. The designed reactor ensure the recovery of sludge by electroflotation (EF) in which complete flotation of the pollutants is achieved without additional mechanical power in the pilot external-loop airlift reactor (ELAR), using only the overall liquid recirculation induced by H2microbubbles generated by water electrolysis without filtration process. Aluminum, iron electrodes and combined aluminum – iron electrodes were tested. The obtained results were interesting as they would help managing the Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation process in pilot external – loop airlift reactor to remove real textile effluent. The treatment of the mixtures of the real textile dyeing industry is better when using a combination of the electrodes of iron and aluminum providing a better treatment efficiency of 80% and a lower specific energy consumption (50 kWh/kg dye). In order to analyze the by-product of the electrocoagulation (EC) and the treated effluent, different techniques were used to elucidate the role of different kind of anodes especially when the combined iron – aluminum were used simultaneously as sacrificial anodes.
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Meenakshi, M. "Bioremediation Of Polluted Waters Using Nanoparticles." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121063.
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Water pollution is an issue of great concern worldwide, contamination by organic compounds, inorganic compounds and microorganisms. Bioremediation using microorganisms helps in the removal of toxic metals from the environment. The focus is on the heavy metals associated with environmental contamination, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) which are potentially hazardous to ecosystems. In the present study textile effluent was collected, and subjected to Physicochemical treatment methods , Herbal-Metal nanocomposite was prepared and used to treat textile effluents. As a bioremediation study, the plant growth potential of treated effluents was evaluated using pot studies of an aquatic plant .Laboratory and field test results confirmed superior bioremediation efficiency and long-term effect. When compared to today’s most-efficient bioremediation technologies there is an efficient, fast, safe, and inexpensive way to clean up polluted waters through acceleration of natural bioremediation process. Nanotechnology provides an economical, convenient and ecofriendly means of wastewater remediation. The results obtained in this study shall be carried out as future studies using different types and concentrations of nanoparticles for the treatment of any types of effluents causing land and water pollution. There is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques.
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Yu, San Chuan, Zhi Wen Chen, Mei Hong Liu, and Jing Wei Zhao. "Comparative Study on the Treatment of Biologically Treated Textile Effluent by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis for Water Reuse." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.584.
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In view of the water shortage, the increasingly severe regulations as well as the release thresholds, it is becoming increasingly necessary to reuse the textile effluents. This work concerned the treatment of textile plant effluent after conventional biological processing by membrane technology for water reuse. Desal5 DK nanofiltration (NF) membrane and BW30 reverse osmosis (RO) membrane were investigated in this study in terms of COD and color removal, salinity reduction as well as permeate flux through cross-flow permeation tests. The results showed that the Desal5 DK nanofiltration membrane exhibited higher stabilized water permeability and flux decline than the reverse osmosis membrane because of its higher porosity and tendency towards fouling. The BW30 reverse osmosis membrane reduced salinity to a great extent than the Desal5 DK nanofiltration membrane. While the nanofiltration membrane exhibited better COD removal efficiency compared to the RO membrane, possibly due to its sieving removal mechanism. The treated water with good enough quality could be recycled back into the process, thereby offering economical benefits by reducing the water consumption and wastewater treatment cost.
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de Farias Silva, Carlos Eduardo, Andreza Heloiza da Silva Gonçalves, and Ana Karla de Souza Abud. "Treatment of textile industry effluents using orange waste: a proposal to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 4 (June 17, 2016): 994–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.298.
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Various agricultural residues have been tested as biosorbents due to their low cost, high surface area, and favorable surface chemistry. In this work, a sweet orange albedo was tested as a biosorbent for treatment of real textile effluents. The orange albedo powder was prepared by drying the residue at 50 °C and milling to 30 mesh, and then used for dye adsorption from a alkaline (pH = 10.71) effluent. The adsorption process was studied in batch experiments at 30 °C by measuring color removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The color removal was found not to be significantly altered when the effluent was used in its raw state, while COD increased probably due to albedo degradation. For the effluent diluted to 60% (Veffluent VH2O−1), color and COD removal percentages of approximately 89% were obtained. It was found that pH played a very significant role on the adsorption process, as the treated albedo displayed a relative pHPZC* of 4.61, and the highest dye removal efficiencies were reached at pH lower than 2. The COD was strongly influenced by the effluent dilution. The effectiveness in eliminating color and COD shows that orange albedo can be potentially used as a biosorbent to treat textile wastewater.
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Lopez, A., G. Ricco, R. Ciannarella, A. Rozzi, A. C. Di Pinto, and R. Passino. "Textile Wastewater Reuse: Ozonation of Membrane Concentrated Secondary Effluent." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0580.
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Among the activities appointed by the EC research-project “Integrated water recycling and emission abatement in the textile industry” (Contract: ENV4-CT95-0064), the effectiveness of ozone for improving the biotreatability of recalcitrant effluents as well as for removing from them toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants has been evaluated at lab-scale. Real membrane concentrates (pH=7.9; TOC=190 ppm; CDO=595 ppm; BOD5=0 ppm; Conductivity=5,000 μS/cm; Microtox-EC20=34%) produced at Bulgarograsso (Italy) Wastewater Treatment Plant by nanofiltering biologically treated secondary textile effluents, have been treated with ozonated air (O3conc.=12 ppm) over 120 min. The results have indicated that during ozonation, BOD5 increases from 0 to 75 ppm, whereas COD and TOC both decrease by about 50% and 30 % respectively. As for potentially toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants such as dyes, nonionic surfactants and halogenated organics, all measured as sum parameters, removals higher than 90% were achieved as confirmed by the complete disappearance of acute toxicity in the treated streams. The only ozonation byproducts searched for and found were aldehydes whose total amount continuously increased in the first hour from 1.2 up to 11.8 ppm. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde were identified by HPLC.
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Mahmood, Rashid, Faiza Sharif, Sikander Ali, and Muhammad Umar Hayyat. "Enhancing the Decolorizing and Degradation Ability of Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Textile Effluent Affected Area and Its Application on Seed Germination." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628195.
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A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected soil, sludge, and textile effluent from Hudiara drain near Nishat Mills Limited, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. It was selected because of being capable of degrading and detoxifying red, green, black, and yellow textile dyes. The pH and supplements were optimized to enhance the decolorization ability of the selected consortium. The results indicated that decolorizing ability of consortium for the red, green, black, and yellow dyes was higher as compared to individual strains. The consortium was able to decolorize 84%, 84%, 85%, 85%, and 82% of 200 ppm of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes within 24 h while individual strain required 72 h. On supplementing urea, the consortium decolorized 87, 86, 89, 86, and 83%, respectively, while on supplementing sodium chloride the consortium decolorized 93, 94, 93, 94, and 89% of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes, respectively, which was maximum while in the presence of ascorbic acid and ammonium chloride it showed intermediate results. The effect of untreated and treated dyes was investigated onZea maysL. (maize) andSorghum vulgarePers. (sorghum). This study will help to promote an efficient biotreatment of textile effluents.
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Kabir, S. M. Fijul, Taslim Ur Rashid, and Ioan I. Negulescu. "Gelation of Textile Dye Solution Treated with Fish Scales." Gels 5, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5030037.
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In the present article, the commercial value of fish scales (FS), one of the most discarded fish wastes, has been identified by discovering their gelation capability. Fish scales of different physical forms were applied for the removal of dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45), and acid yellow 127 (AY127)) from textile dye solution by absorption process. An astounding phenomenon, gelation of the treated solution, was noticed when it was aged for a certain period. The absorption of dye by FS was confirmed and quantified by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses, respectively. Process optimization revealed that pristine FS showed better gelation efficacy compared to pulverized FS. The gelation process was successful only when the dye solution contained acid and salt. As most of the textile effluents contain acids and salts in the discarded dye solution, this gelation process implies an obvious indication of the saving process and chemical cost in textile waste treatment. The jellified wastewater was characterized by exploring the rheological properties. Based on these analyses, potential application areas have been discussed.
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Mohanraj, R., B. M. Gnanamangai, K. Ramesh, and P. Ponmurugan. "Kinetic modelling and process optimization of textile effluent treatment with bacterial gamma polyglutamic acid." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 2 (March 13, 2023): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/2/mrn-4068.
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Aim: The present study aims to synthesize gamma poly glutamic acid from the optimized starch-based glutamate-dependent medium for wastewater treatment with kinetic studies for an effective decolorization process. Methodology: Microbial coagulant (γ-PGA) was synthesized from the optimized glutamate-dependent medium with sago as a substrate and Bacillus subtilis as fermenter. Synthesized γ-PGA was harvested by ethanol precipitation and lyophilization method. The presence of γ-PGA was determined by UV-visible spectrum and ninhydrin analysis and its flocculating activity was screened by ninhydrin assay. Harvested γ-PGA was treated with different types of wastewater samples (Textile, tannery, dairy and sewage) in the preliminary screening. Process optimization was performed to screen the maximal decolorization for textile effluent (light and dark color). The physical and chemical characterization of treated wastewater samples with kinetic studies was performed to improve the treatment process. Results: The synthesized γ-PGA weighed as 41.20 g l-1 from the fermented medium and its presence was confirmed by characterization techniques. The flocculating activity of synthesized γ-PGA was 40.56 and 58.78 % against the kaolin suspension. The maximal decolorization percentage was 59.58% for γ- PGA treatment against textile effluent. The significance of optimized parameters such as pH, temperature, rotation speed and contact time were determined in the treatment of textile effluents (light and dark color) with maximal reduction of solids profile COD and BOD concentration. Kinetic studies revealed that the isotherm Langmuir isotherm was fit for the experimental data with R2 as 0.9943, 0.9692 and Pseudo second order fitted with R2 as 0.9871 and 0.9594 respective to light and dark color effluent. Interpretation: This study confirmed the maximal yield of γ-PGA from a sago-based glutamate-dependent medium and revealed its effective flocculating and decolorization activity against textile effluent which suggest them as a better alternative coagulants. Key words: γ- PGA, Bacillus subtilis, Kinetic modelling, Process optimization
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J., V. "Toxicity assessment of treated effluents from a textile industry in Lagos, Nigeria." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2012): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest12.133.
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Buscio, Valentina, María García-Jiménez, Mercè Vilaseca, Victor López-Grimau, Martí Crespi, and Carmen Gutiérrez-Bouzán. "Reuse of Textile Dyeing Effluents Treated with Coupled Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Processes." Materials 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2016): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9060490.
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Wijeyaratne, W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini, and P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe. "Treated Textile Effluents: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in the Natural Aquatic Environment." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 104, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02768-x.
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Bes-Pía, A., A. Iborra-Clar, J. A. Mendoza-Roca, M. I. Iborra-Clar, and M. I. Alcaina-Miranda. "Nanofiltration of biologically treated textile effluents using ozone as a pre-treatment." Desalination 167 (August 2004): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.151.
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Bilińska, Lucyna, Kazimierz Blus, Marta Gmurek, and Stanisław Ledakowicz. "Brine Recycling from Industrial Textile Wastewater Treated by Ozone. By-Products Accumulation. Part 1: Multi Recycling Loop." Water 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030460.
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The “reactive” dyeing of textiles requires an application of low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS), such as NaCl or Na2SO4, as necessary auxiliary agents. LMWS acts only as a remediation factor and remains in the dyeing effluents constitute brine. The main goal of the presented study was to investigate the application of ozone technology for industrial textile wastewater highly polluted by LMWS. The study was divided into two parts. In Part 1, by-products accumulated during multi-recycling of the same wastewater was investigated. While Part 2 was devoted to the scaling up of ozonation process, Part 1 concerns the efficiency of textile wastewater ozonation carried out as a repeatable process. The sequence of wastewater treatment and textile dyeing was repeated four times in a closed loop using the same process water. Although the wastewater decolorization was efficient in the subsequent ozonation cycles, some adverse effects, such as an increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and self-buffering at pH 9.5–10.0, were suggested the accumulation of by-products. The preliminary detection of by-products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed phenol and naphthol derivatives as the transformation products (TPs) of ozonation. Dyeing of cotton using purified wastewater (brine) resulted in very good DECMC color matching parameters (under 1.16), but only in the first recycling loop, and then the TPs affected the process.
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Mnif, Inès, Raouia Fendri, and Dhouha Ghribi. "Malachite green bioremoval by a newly isolated strain Citrobacter sedlakii RI11; enhancement of the treatment by biosurfactant addition." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 8 (July 6, 2015): 1283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.302.
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Citrobacter sedlackii RI11, isolated from acclimated textile effluent after selective enrichment on synthetic dyes, was assessed for malachite green (MG) biotreatment potency. Results indicate that this bacterium has potential for use in effective treatment of MG contaminated wastewaters under shaking conditions at neutral and alkaline pH value, characteristic of typical textile effluents. Also, the newly isolated strain can tolerate higher doses of dye and decolorize up to 1,000 mg/l of dye. When used as microbial surfactant to enhance MG biodecolorization, Bacillus subtilis SPB1-derived lipopeptide accelerated the decolorization rate and maximized the decolorization efficiency at an optimal concentration of biosurfactant of about 0.075%. Studies ensured that MG removal by this strain could be due to biodegradation and/or adsorption. Results on germination potencies of different seeds using the treated dyes under different conditions favor the use of SPB1 biosurfactant for the treatment of MG.
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Robin, Degrave, Cockx Arnaud, and Schmitz Philippe. "Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0060.
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AbstractThis paper deals with the 3D-modeling of the reactive transport within a light photocatalytic textile used to decontaminate industrial effluents. The model consists of the coupling of fluid flow governing equations, species convection diffusion equations and a heterogeneous reaction equation. It is solved numerically on a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the textile, i.e. at the microscopic scale regarding the industrial photocatalytic reactor using Comsol Multiphysics software. In a preliminary approach, the reactive transport model was first applied in a 2D simple geometry to verify its accuracy in terms of mass balance of the species. Then successive simulations using pseudo-periodic boundary conditions were performed in the RVE and the depollution efficiency along the textile length is analysed in terms of pollutant concentration. A sensitivity analysis was done to reveal the relative importance of the kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters in prediction of pollutant concentration fields in the RVE. It was found that a high adsorption rate associated with a low permeable fabric maximizes the amount of treated fluid. Finally the performances of a typical reactor composed of a stack of textiles were investigated. Results show a significant improvement of depollution efficiency of this particular configuration compared to single textiles in parallel.
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Conde Miranda, Enzo, Paola Gabriel Prado, and Cesar Leon-Velarde. "A Systematic Review of Polluting Processes Produced by the Textile Industry and Proposals for Abatement Methods." Textile & Leather Review 7 (January 19, 2024): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2023.165.
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The textile industry is one of the most polluting industries worldwide because of its processes that entail the excessive use of water and chemicals, resulting in textile effluents that, in turn, are not treated and controlled correctly. This review aims to identify the most polluting processes in the textile industry and the most efficient methods to reduce the water footprint. The PICO method was used to define the search equation and obtain studies based on the topic, resulting in a total of 4783 articles; then, the PRISMA statement was used to carefully select studies, of which 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The textile industry's supply chain presents high pollution levels, especially in the dyeing process, with a percentage of 33% effluents, since they use toxic chemicals such as ammonia, sulphide, and lead. Therefore, the study analyzes physical methods (hydrodynamic cavitation and flocculation), chemicals (electrocoagulation, EC-EO, and EC-EF), and biological (degradation assisted by bacteria) to treat wastewater. After analysis of the above methods for treating wastewater, electrocoagulation combined with electro-oxidation (EC-EO) obtained the highest efficiency rate with 88% COD removal and 100% colour removal.