Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travelling crane'

Hoists and cranes exist in many contexts around the world, often carrying veryheavy loads. The safety for the user and bystanders is of utmost importance. Thisthesis investigates whether it is possible to perform fault detection on a systemlevel, measuring the inputs and outputs of the system without introducing newsensors. The possibility of detecting dangerous faults while letting safe faultspass is also examined.A mathematical greybox model is developed and the unknown parametersare estimated using data from a labscale test crane. Validation is then performedwith other datasets to check the accuracy of the model. A linear observer of thesystem states is created using the model. Simulated fault injections are made,and different fault detection methods are applied to the residuals created withthe observer. The results show that dangerous faults in the system or the sensorsthemselves are detectable, while safe faults are disregarded in many cases.The idea of performing model-based fault detection from a system point ofview shows potential, and continued investigation is recommended.

Intermediate diaphragms are invariably included in the design of overhead travelling crane box-girders. This study concerns the influence of these diaphragms and their spacing on the global characteristic behaviour of the girder. In particular the action of internal diaphragms in the control of stresses associated with distortional deformation is investigated. The details and results of experimental tests on scale models of two crane geometries are presented. A method of analysis is developed to describe the distortional deformation of crane box-girder geometries using discrete box section elements. This method is assessed by comparison with both the experimental results and finite element analysis conducted for a range of configurations. It is shown to produce adequate predictions for use in further investigations. The theory is applied (by means of computer analysis of different crane box arrangements) to perform a study of the influence of intermediate diaphragms on both transverse distortional bending and longitudinal distortional warping. The results of this study are then incorperated into a series of design recommendations for the selection of cross section geometry and the positioning of diaphragms with particular reference to the control of these distortional effects.

Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
Electric overhead travelling bridge cranes are an integral part of many industrial processes, where they are used for moving loads around the industrial area

Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Electric driven overhead travelling bridge cranes (EOHTC) form a vital part of industrial plants where heavy objects require moving. Overhead travelling cranes aid in production by allowing an uninterrupted work process on the ground while heavy loads are moved to their required locations. Various factors need consideration in determining the loads induced by an EOHTC on its support structure. In order to design such a support structure, the designer must understand and take into account the various loads that the support structure will be subject to during its lifetime. The procedure for determining the loads induced by the EOHTC on its support structure is laid out in the SANS 10160-6:2010 code of practice. This document was published in June 2010 and as a result very few worked examples exist to test the coherence of the procedure. This thesis presents an investigation into the procedure for determining the actions induced by overhead travelling bridge cranes adopted in the SANS 10160-6:2010 code of practice. The investigation was conducted by developing a software application to automatically determine the necessary crane actions needed for the design of the crane support structure, given certain input parameters. The motivation behind this was to have a tool that can calculate the crane induced loads automatically. And by developing such a tool the procedure given in the code of practice is better understood. The Java programming language was used to code the calculations with an object oriented programming approach (OOP). NetBeans, the integrated development environment for developing with Java was used to generate the required graphical user interface of the application. In addition, a Microsoft Excel calculation sheet was also developed for the purpose of comparison and verification. Whilst developing the software application, it was found that the model for the acceleration or deceleration of the crane was specific for four wheel cranes only. This model was then extended to accommodate eight and sixteen wheel cranes and incorporated into the algorithm architecture of the application. The application was successfully completed and verified using benchmarked examples.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektriese oorhoofse brugkrane vorm ‘n belangrike deel van baie nywerheidsprosesse, waar dit gebruik word om swaar laste in die nywerheidsaanleg te verskuif. Oorhoofse brugkrane voeg waarde by die produksie lyn deur te sorg dat die werksproses op die grond onversteurd voortgaan terwyl swaar laste na hul vereiste posisies verskuif word. Verskillende faktore moet in ag geneem word om die nodige kraanlaste te bepaal. Hierdie laste word benodig om die kraan se ondersteuningstruktuur te ontwerp. Die ontwerper moet die nodige kundigheid hê en moet ook die verskeie laste in ag neem wat die ondersteuningstruktuur gedurende sy leeftyd sal dra. SANS 10160-6:2010 verskaf riglyne vir die bepaling van die laste wat deur oorhoofse brugkrane uitgeoefen word. Hierdie dokument is in Junie 2010 gepubliseer dus bestaan daar min uitgewerkte voorbeelde om die korrektheid van die riglyne te toets en toepassing te demonstreer. Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die riglyne vir die bepaling van oorhoofse brugkraan aksies soos uiteengesit in die SANS 10160-6:2010. Die navorsing is uitgevoer deur middel van die ontwikkeling van ‘n sagteware toepassing wat die nodige oorhoofse brugkraanlaste automaties bepaal, gegee sekere invoer waardes. Die rede hiervoor was om ‘n hulpmiddel te ontwikkel vir die outomatiese bepaling van oorhoofse brugkraan. Deur die bogenoemde hulpmiddel te ontwikkel word die riglyne, soos gegee in die kode beter verstaan. Java is gebruik as programmeringstaal waar die objek geörienteerde programeringstyl toegepas was. Die geintegreerde ontwikkelingsomgewing vir ontwikkeling met Java, naamlik NetBeans is gebruik om die nodige gebruikers koppelvlak op te bou. ‘n Microsoft Excel sigblad is ook ontwikkel vir kontrolerings doeleindes. Gedurende die ontwikkeling van die sagtewarepakket is dit bevind dat die lasmodel vir die versnelling of vertraging van die oorhoofse brugkraan slegs op vierwiel krane van toepasing is. Hierdie lasmodel is dus uitgebrei om agt- en sestienwiel krane ook te bevat. Die lasmodel aanpassing is dan ook in die program se algoritme-argitektuur ingebou. Die sagteware toepassing is suksesvol ontwikkel en gekontroleer met ‘n maatstaf voorbeeld.

Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: End stop impact forces are horizontal longitudinal forces imposed by the crane on the end stops. Both the previous South African loading code SABS 0160:1989 and the current South African loading code SANS 10160 , classify end stop impact force as an accidental load case , hence they are not expected to occur within the expected lifetime when the guide lines for crane operation are strictly adhered to. In the estimation of end stop impact force, the previous South African loading code SABS 0160:1989 gives two guidelines for estimating the end stop impact force. The first guideline is simplistic in its approach and it’s based on the assumption that the crane and its supporting structure act as rigid bodies; hence calculation is based on rigid body mechanics. Literature reviewed reveals that this is not correct. The second guideline is more explicit in its approach as it takes into account the crane speed, resilience of the buffers and resilience of the end stops. The current South African loading code, SANS 10160 gives a better representation of the dynamics of the crane movement. However, the dynamic factor recommended for the estimation of end stop impact force is empirical in nature and thus lacks adequate scientific backing. One of the purposes of this research was to investigate the influence of the stiffness of the crane bridge on the end stop impact force. This was achieved by conducting a series of FEA simulations on the double bridge EOHTC fitted with elastomeric buffers. For this set of simulations, the effect of each influencing parameter on the end stop impact force was investigated, and the maximum end stop impact force was obtained using a constraint optimization technique. From the results obtained, comparison was then made with the existing maximum end stop impact force for a single bridge EOHTC fitted with elastomeric buffers. Another purpose of this research was to investigate the end stop impact force for an electric overhead travelling cranes (EOHTC) fitted with hydraulic buffers taking into account the dynamics involved in the movement of the EOHTC. This was achieved by a series of experimental and numerical investigation. The numerical investigation was conducted using an existing numerical model of an EOHTC which captures the crane and its supporting structure as a coupled system. Finite element analysis (FEA) impact force histories obtained were calibrated to the base experimental impact force histories. Thereafter, a series of FEA simulations were conducted by changing the parameters which have a substantial effect on the end stop impact forces. This yielded various maximum impact peaks for various parameters. The maximum impact force was then mathematical obtained from the FEA impact force histories for a given level of reliability using a constraint optimization technique. Also, codified end stop impact forces were calculated for the SABS 0160:1989 and SANS 10160-6:2010. From the results obtained, comparison was made between the codified end stop impact force and the maximum impact force obtained from the constraint optimization technique.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ent buffer impak kragte is horisontale kragte wat deur die kraan op die entbuffers aangewend word. Beide die Suid Afrikaanse las kode SABS 0160:1989 en die voorgestelde Suid Afrikaanse las kode SANS 10160, klasifisseer die entbuffer impak kragte as ‘n ongeluks las geval, dus word die kragte nie verwag tydens die verwagte leeftyd van die kraan wanneer die riglyne van die kraan prosedures streng gevolg word nie. Volgens die Suid-Afrikaanse las kode SABS 0160:1989 word daar twee riglyne voorgestel om die entbuffer kragte te bepaal. Die eerste riglyn is ‘n eenvoudige riglyn en word gebaseer op die aaname dat die kraan en die ondersteunende struktuur as ‘n starre ligame reageer en dus word die kragte bereken deur star ligaam meganika, alhoewel, uit die literatuur word dit bewys as inkorrek. Die tweede riglyn is ‘n meer implisiete benadering aangesien dit die kraan snelheid, elastisiteit van die buffers sowel as die elastisiteit van die end stoppe in ag neem. SANS 10160-6:2019 gee ‘n beter benadering van die dinamiese beweging van die kraan. Die voorgestelde dinamiese faktor waarmee die ent_buffer_kragte bereken word, is empiries van natuur . Een van die doelstellings vir die navorsings projek was om te bepaal wat die invloed van die kraan brug se styfheid op die entbuffer kragte is. ‘n Aantal Eindige Element Analise (FEA) simulasies is uitgevoer op ‘n dubbel brug elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan met elastomeriese buffers. Van die stel FEA simulasies kan die invloed van elke parameter op die entbuffer impak_kragte bepaal word. Die maksimum entbuffer impak_kragte is bepaal met behulp van ‘n beperking optimiserings tegniek. Vanaf hierdie resultate is ‘n vergelyking gemaak met die bestaande maksimum ent_buffer impak_kragte vir ‘n enkel brug elektriese oorhoofse aangdrewe kraan met elastomeriese buffers. ‘n Tweede doel rede vir die navorsing was om te bepaal wat die ent buffer impak_kragte op ‘n elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan met hidrouliese buffers is. Dit is bepaal deur ‘n aantal eksperimentele en numeriese toetse uit te voer. Die numeriese toetse is uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van ‘n huidige numeriese model van ‘n elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan wat die kraan en die ondersteunende struktuur as ‘n. Die Eindige Element Analise impak_kragte is gekalibreer teen die eksperimenteel bepaalde impak- kragte. Daarna is ‘n reeks Eindige Element Analise simulasies uitgevoer en sodoende die parameters te verander wat die mees beduidende invloed op die end stop impak_kragte het. Dit het verskeie impak_krag pieke vir verskillende parameters meegebring. Die maksimum impak kragte is bepaal van die impak kragte van die Eindige Element Analise vir ‘n gegewe vlak van betroubaarheid deur gebruik te maak van die beperking optimiserings tegniek. Daarmee saam is die gekodifiseerde ent buffer impak kragte bereken volgen SABS 0160:1989 en die SANS 10160- 6:2010. Vanaf hierdie resultate is ‘n vergelyking gemaak tussen die gekodifiseerde entbuffer impak_kragte en die maksimum impak_kragte wat bepaal is deur die (beperking optimiserings tegniek).

La presencia de puentes grúa en naves industriales significa un esfuerzo adicional para la estructura de la nave debido a las solicitaciones de carga adicionales que ésta representa. Así, se requiere un análisis específico y completo para diseñar una estructura resistente a los esfuerzos generados por la carga proveniente del puente-grúa. El objetivo de este artículo es elaborar un documento que sirva como guía para un correcto análisis y diseño de la viga que sostiene al puente-grúa, conocida como viga carrilera; lo anterior a partir de la comparación de normativas de algunos países latinoamericanos y la norma norteamericana. Este análisis incluye el conjunto de esfuerzos generados por la operación de un puente-grúa. Finalmente, la propuesta o método se validará con un ejemplo de puente grúa de capacidad de izaje de hasta 10 toneladas.
The presence of travelling cranes in industrial buildings means an additional effort for the structure of the ship due to the additional loads. Thus, a specific and complete analysis is required, both static and dynamic, to design a structure resistant to the efforts generated by the load coming from the travelling crane. The objective of this article is to elaborate a document that serves as a guide for a correct analysis and design of the beam that supports the travelling crane, known as the rail beam; from the comparison of regulations of some Latin American countries and the North American norms. This analysis includes the set of efforts generated by the operation of a bridge crane. Finally, the proposal or method will be validated with an example of a crane lifting capacity of up to 10 tons.
Trabajo de investigación

This diploma thesis deals with the assessment of drafted steel construction of overhead travelling crane by using finite element method. The crane’s lifting capacity is 125t/32t. It is going to be placed in hall of Slovácké strojírny, a. s. in Uherský Brod. Span of the crane is 25.8 meters, wheelbase is 6.7 meters and lifting height is 17 meters. My work contains analysis and assessment of crane construction with a load of fatigue according to ČSN 27 0103.

This master's thesis deals with the crab of a traveller crane of 50,000 kg load capacity. The aim of the thesis is a functional calculation of travelling and lifting crab mechanisms and strength frame calculation in compliance with applicable ČSN standards and respective literature concerned with the calculations of cranes and their parts. The attached drawings show the crab, lifting and travelling mechanisms.

This master thesis deals with design of auxiliary crab trolley with load capacity 10t. Crab trolley moves along outdoor track of scrab yard. The target of this thesis is calculation and own design of travelling and lifting gear, strength calculation of frame and drawing documentation of a crane trolley assembly.

Recently the most often used crane runway beams designed from rolled HEA sections as multispan beams is the topic of this doctoral thesis. It deals with the study of real stress in the cross section focused on local stress analysis in the web of cross section due to eccentricities of wheal load and on the problems of stress analysis above the middle support of multi-span beams. First, the outline of crane supporting structures, currently used methods of implementation and available stress analysis methods are summarized. Than two parametrical studies of crane runway beam design depending on statical determination of the beam, crane span, crane wheelbase and chosen quality of structural steel are presented. Following part of thesis contains the stress analysis of crane runway two-span beam in its continuous part above the middle support on implemented crane supporting structure. Experiment of crane runway two-span beams actions above the middle support are described in the last part of the thesis. Closing part of thesis summarizes results.

This diploma thesis deals with constructional design and a calculation of one-girder bridge crane with the requested primary parametres: lifting capacity 10 000 kg, span 12 000 mm, wheel base 2 500 mm, travel height 7 000 mm. In diploma thesis, there is executed analysis of constructional designs of box girders, drawn up technical report with the analysis of the choice of the construction with important technical and physical calculations. Calculations were executed according to valid Czech state norms and literature. Drawing documentation is enclosed to this thesis.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Com este trabalho, foi desenvolvido o projeto estrutural de uma ponte rolante, fazendo a otimização das suas dimensões em função das exigências inerentes ao espaço de implantação e tipo de utilização, evitando assim a utilização de modelos standardizados sujeitos a sobredimensionamento e consequentemente custos mais elevados. Neste projeto consta o dimensionamento da estrutura das vigas principais e das vigas de suporte da ponte, incluindo todos os desenhos técnicos, listas de materiais e listas de operações para o fabrico e montagem deste equipamento. Foram também sugeridos os equipamentos não estruturais tais como o carro guincho, os motores, equipamento elétrico, botoneiras e todos os restantes elementos essenciais para o funcionamento da ponte rolante. Estes equipamentos foram selecionados diretamente nos catálogos dos fornecedores, em função dos requisitos necessários para a correta operação da ponte.
With this work, we developed the structural design of a crane, causing an optimization of their dimensions depending on the inherent requirements of the area of deployment and usage, thus avoiding the use of standardized models subjected to excessive size and consequently higher costs. This project included the design of the structure of main beams and support beams of the bridge, including all technical drawings, materials lists and lists of operations for manufacture and assembly of this equipment. We also suggested the non-structural equipment such as car winch, motors, electrical equipment, control pendants and all other elements essential to the operation of the crane. These equipment were selected directly into the suppliers catalogs, based on the requirements necessary for the proper operation of the bridge.

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系專班
98
Cranes is one of the essential and necessary machines to move the materials within the plant. With the features of great energy and high-risk characteristics, any inadequate design of the cranes will be likely to cause the big problems such as serious mechanical damages and threatening lives to labors. For this reason, cranes are one of the major dangerous machines restricted by the government. Traditionally, crane-makers simplified the model to calculate the structure of cranes, it will lead to the accuracy diminishes and causes the different stress on situations. In general, the makers determine the relevant size of cranes in box-girders designing by virtue of experience, they did not assess the influences of the structural strength respectively, so they could not achieve the optimum designs effectively, for poor design、materials- waste、high manufacturing costs and so on, the competitiveness of manufactures might be reduced. This paper was divided into three parts. The first part obtained information of produced cranes on market, supplemented by 3-D graphics software-SolidWorks to establish a sample of crane models, analyzed structural stress and deflection by finite element software ANSYS Workbench 12 and comparatively analyzed the stiffeners how to influence the cranes, so we could understand the differences between the simplified formulas and the actual stress conditions. The second part optimized to get optimum designs for box-girders of cranes by using Taguchi methods and got dimensions which fit in with codes and regulations and at the minimum of material cost. The last part studied the local buckling, stress concentration and fatigue problems of the cranes, so the designed cranes could be ensured safety and met the demands of market.