Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traveller information'
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Karl, Charles A., and n/a. "The learning driver : meeting traveller information needs." Swinburne University of Technology, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060906.102946.
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In many parts of the world today, drivers have access to a growing range of traveller information services, from traffic reports on the radio and variable message signs along roads to customised information that could be delivered to personal mobile phones and PDAs (personal digital assistants) as well as to the global navigation units appearing in many vehicles.
The key commercial question is, what information does the driver want? So far, while traveller information services deliver increasingly sophisticated incident reports, journey times and other such information, driver response has remained lukewarm. This thesis suggests that the problem lies in understanding the driver rather than improving the content. Therefore, it has sought to establish: Q1. What do drivers already know?; Q2. How did they learn it?; Q3. What do drivers need now and in the future as they continue to learn?
And for traveller information service providers, the related question:
Q4. How can information providers accommodate drivers' learning?
This thesis reports a qualitative case study based on ten in-depth interviews with drivers who had previously participated in a six week trial receiving customised traveller information about their commutes to and from work, through their mobile phones.
The thesis reports that drivers principally learn from their experiences in processes well established in the adult learning literature. It has found that commuter drivers can be regarded as experts on their commutes, but that the domain of any drivers' expertise is limited both spatially and temporally.
When presented with dynamic, customised traveller information, it was found that commuter drivers enter a learning curve affected by previous experience and immediate need in which learning to access and utilise appropriate travel information is a dynamic process. Drivers learn about using traveller information, they learn about the types of traveller information available and they also learn whether to trust the information provider.
As adults who learn and think, drivers see the role of an information service provider as facilitating their own understanding of the phenomena of traffic they face everyday and, in turn, supporting their learning to make better informed decisions. The thesis concludes that customised traveller information will become effective when it meets the current understanding and needs of the driver as an active learner whose information requirements change over time and from time to time.
This thesis contributes to an increased understanding of drivers, their knowledge and how they learn. As a result, it offers traveller information providers with a substantially increased understanding of how to meet their drivers' needs.
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Karl, Charles A. "The learning driver meeting traveller information needs /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20060906.102946.
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Thesis (DBA) -- Swinburne University of Technology, Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2003.Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Business Administration, Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2003. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-224).
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Murashige, Yoshiyasu. "Drivers' evaluation of advanced traveller information systems for inter-city expressways in Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36615.
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Bartle, Caroline. "Spreading the word : a social-psychological exploration of word-of-mouth traveller information in the digital age." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/16434/.
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The use of ‘formal’ travel information pertaining to costs, routes, journey times, or real-time transport disruptions, and its role in travel behaviour (for example, choice of mode, route or departure time) has been widely studied, but little is known about the part played by 'informal' information, shared through word-of-mouth amongst friends, family, colleagues and other social networks, in relation to everyday travel. Furthermore, considerable investment has been made over recent decades in the development of sophisticated 'advanced traveller information systems', delivering formal, top-down information through media such as online journey planners, but less attention has been paid to parallel developments in the diffusion of bottom-up, user-generated information through 'electronic word-of-mouth' on the internet (acknowledged in the field of marketing as a growing source of influence on consumer behaviour). This thesis examines the role of word-of-mouth information diffusion within everyday travel behaviour and its emerging applications in the field of online traveller information, within a framework of social-psychological theories of behaviour and decision theory. The exploration of social-psychological factors underlying the social transfer of traveller information led to an expansion of existing theory, whilst the research also generated practical recommendations for the wider incorporation of ‘social design features’ into certain forms of traveller information system. The research was undertaken in two empirical phases, both employing a qualitative methodology. In Phase 1 (exploratory), interviews and focus groups were used to: generate an account of the use of word-of-mouth travel information; explore participants‟ perceptions of the influence of this form of information on their own and others' travel behaviour; and identify social-psychological mechanisms underlying the influence process. 'Local knowledge' obtained through word-of-mouth was found to be highly valued, and was deemed trustworthy primarily because it was based on the informant's direct experience (an instrumental-reasoned explanation). However, perceived trustworthiness could be improved by social-psychological factors such as social proximity, group-identification and accepted norms of behaviour. Word-of-mouth was found to play a complementary role to formal information in the decision process, and was reported to have had a direct influence on trip details (e.g. route or departure time), but was less likely to affect modal choice. More general interactions about travel (for example, appraising the experience of using a particular transport mode in general conversation), whilst not necessarily perceived as travel information per se, appeared to be influencing beliefs and attitudes, and shaping the psychological context in which travel choices might later be made. Phase 2 (applications) was a qualitative case-study of an innovative, web-based traveller information system, entitled Cycology, through which 23 participants shared cycle routes and other information with one another over a period of six weeks. This allowed both a validation of the earlier findings within an applied context, and an exploration of some findings in greater depth - in particular, the ways in which social norms and social identities around travel are established or reinforced in peer-groups through word-of-mouth interactions, and help to explain interpersonal influences on travel behaviour. Interactions on the website were found to: influence participants‟ behaviour in the form of using cycle routes suggested by others; strengthen pro-cycling attitudes; and enhance the experience of the cycle commute. A key finding was the role which Cycology played in building a sense of ‘community’ (group identification), linked to high levels of trust and pro-social behaviour amongst group members, which both reinforced positive views of cycling as a commuter mode, and increased people‟s propensity to act on information from others within the group. Together with the Phase 1 findings, this led to the proposed incorporation of additional 'social factors' into established models of information use. Practical recommendations from the research concerned ways in which developments in social media might be combined more widely with online, map-based traveller information, particularly route-planning tools, with the potential to enhance the perceived reliability (and influence) of such systems, and, consequently, their effectiveness as a transport policy tool.
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Ahmed, Afzal. "Integration of real-time traffic state estimation and dynamic traffic assignment with applications to advanced traveller information systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9420/.
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Accurate depiction of existing traffic states is essential to devise effective real-time traffic management strategies using Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Existing applications of Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) methods are mainly based on either the prediction from macroscopic traffic flow models or measurements from the sensors and do not take advantage of traffic state estimation techniques, which produce estimate of the traffic states with less uncertainty than the prediction or measurement alone. On the other hand, research studies highlighting estimation of real-time traffic state are focused only on traffic state estimation and have not utilized the estimated traffic state for DTA applications. This research introduces a framework which integrates real-time traffic state estimate with applications of DTA to optimize network performance during uncertain traffic conditions through traveller information system. The estimate of real-time traffic states is obtained by combining the prediction of traffic density using Cell Transmission Model (CTM) and the measurements from the traffic sensors in Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) recursive algorithm. The estimated traffic state is used for predicting travel times on available routes in a traffic network and the predicted travel times are communicated to the commuters by a variable message sign (VMS). In numerical experiments, the proposed estimation and information framework is applied to optimize network performance during traffic incident on a two route network. The proposed framework significantly improved the network performance and commuters’ travel time when compared with no-information scenario during the incident. The application of the formulated methodology is extended to model day-to-day dynamics of traffic flow and route choice with time-varying traffic demand. The day-to-day network performance is improved by providing accurate and reliable traveller information. The implementation of the proposed framework through numerical experiments shows a significant improvement in daily travel times and stability in day-to-day performance of the network when compared with no-information scenario. The use of model based real-time traffic state estimation in DTA models allows modelling and estimating behaviour parameters in DTA models which improves the accuracy of the modelling process. In this research, a framework is proposed to model commuters’ level of trust in the information provided which defines the weight given to the information by commuters while they update their perception about expected travel time. A methodology is formulated to model and estimate logit parameter for perception variation among commuters for expected travel time based on measurements from traffic sensors and estimated traffic state. The application of the proposed framework to a test network shows that the model accurately estimated the value of logit parameter when started with a different initial value of the parameter.
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Leugering, Marvin. "Importance of social media in the information sourcing phase during the decision-making process of the South African traveller." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8541.
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Includes bibliographical references.The Internet and the emergence of social media have a significant effect on the tourism industry world-wide. Tourists can search for advice online from strangers and friends who have visited the destination in the past. Research indicates that this information source is perceived as more credible than traditional marketing material such as Web sites, brochures or other forms of advertisements. More specifically, information sources on social media assist the tourist in evaluating alternatives in order to make an informed purchasing- decision. Destination marketing organisations and tourism enterprises need to understand the role that social media plays in the decision-making process in order to create effective marketing strategies online. This research paper places the focus on the South African traveller and which online sources s/he uses to search for travel information before going on holiday. Social media sources in particularly will be under investigation. There has been a dearth of research conducted in this area on emerging markets such as South Africa and this paper will fill an important gap in the academic literature. The database for this research was acquired from Travelstart; a leading digital travel agency in South Africa.
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Dehideniya, Udugamage Ranasinge Wathsala Jayanthi. "Empirical evaluation of the travel time reliability indicators: A case study for Brisbane corridor under recurrent and non-recurrent conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83043/1/Wathsala_Dehideniya%20Udugamage%20Ranasinge_Thesis.pdf.
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This research quantifies traffic congestion and travel time reliability with case study on a major arterial road in Brisbane. The focus is on the analysis of impact of incidents (e.g., road accidents) on travel time reliability. Real traffic (Bluetooth) and incident records from Coronation Drive, Brisbane are utilized for the study.
The findings include significant impact of incidents on traffic congestion and travel time reliability. The knowledge gained is useful in various applications such as traveler information systems, and cost-benefit analysis of various strategies to reduce the traffic incidents and its' impacts.
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Guo, Amy Weihong. "Use of a New Methodology to Investigate the Effectiveness of a Pervasive and Intelligent Future Traveller Information System in Encouraging Public Transport Use." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506612.
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Struwig, Claudia Bernadine. "A stepwise approach towards achieving a multimodal platform within the context of the CoCT’s land transport networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80001.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of transport should not be underestimated. Transport progresses a person’s quality of life: it connects people to one another and provides access to work, services and recreational opportunities. However, post-apartheid South Africa is unfortunately still faced with a legacy of segregation. While the less-privileged, who mostly live at the fringe of Central Business Districts (CBDs), are captive users of public transport, the private vehicle trend, under the privileged, is becoming more evident. This research project thus proposes that a balanced and integrated sustainable transport system be promoted. That is, one that will aid South Africa in growing and improving its general socio-economical status by providing all its citizens with (equal) access to a balanced transport network. It is believed that, if a multimodal system is promoted, the deficiencies of the current heterogeneous non-integrated systems may be overcome. Therefore, if South Africa’s transport network is augmented with a multimodal platform, the nation will be able to move its citizens effectively and efficiently, without jeopardising the economy, social matters and the environment, today and in the future. Moreover, South Africa will also have the necessary stimulus to utilise the already available resources at its disposal by working together as ‘one’. This research project thus stipulates a (generic) sequential approach needed in achieving an integrated (sustainable) public transport system. The goal of this research project is to create awareness of the benefits that may arise from, and the implementation steps required in obtaining, such a multimodal platform. The focus area for researching the proposition made herein is the City of Cape Town’s (CoCT’s) land transport networks. The City has a management facility, with resultant transport data repository, known as the Transport Management Centre (TMC). This TMC is regarded as one of the finest state of the art facilities in the world and the features thereof offer a sufficient base and point of departure for the promotion of a multimodal transport system. By conducting research in this field, the following portraying aspects, needed for the realisation of the proposition made herein, were found. Firstly, in order to obtain an integrated sustainable transport system, the appropriate Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) need to be integrated. It is believed that, if an intelligent transport scheme, grounded on ITS applications, is advocated, the City will be in the position to more effectively monitor what is going on, to more accurately predict what might happen in the future, and to manage its transport system proactively on an area-wide basis. Secondly, in order to meet the integration requirements imposed by multimodal transport, a centralised database needs to be created. With such a database in place, information sharing across all modes of private- and public land transport, and thus also between the investors or the operators, will be possible. An example of such a database was developed in Microsoft Access and the modes considered therein are: MyCiti, Metrorail and Golden Arrow Bus Service (GABS). The data stored in this database is historic, but the incorporation of real time information was also catered for. Thirdly, it is believed that the success of the City’s transport system, and the development of a multimodal system, is dependent on the provision of an efficient Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS). The idea is to promote multimodal transport as a convenient transit option by providing travellers with information on journey planning that aims to counteract their reluctance to change. In order to develop such a multimodal Journey Planner (JP), the unimodal networks considered herein were combined into a supernetwork on which Dijkstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm was applied. This algorithm was programmed in Microsoft Excel’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and it incorporates the following user criteria: the origin, the destination, the user’s mode preference, and the user’s optimisation preference of either time or distance. In conclusion, it can be argued that, with information becoming such a vital commodity in everyday life, the catering for informed travellers are the key to successful future transport services. If travellers are informed about the transport networks’ performance, a positive attitude is fostered. Moreover, by providing travellers with information on journey planning, their feelings of uncertainty and fear of the unknown, that are present in (especially) public transport services, may be neutralised. This information will give the public carte blanche to make decisions that give them the perception of having more ‘control over their lives’. Therefore, if a multimodal JP that can be accessed from one portal is created, people’s inclination to acquire more information will be met. And as a result, traversing in an integrated manner may become the norm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van vervoer mag nie onderskat word nie. Vervoer speel ’n belangrike rol in die bevordering van ’n persoon se lewenskwaliteit: dit verbind mense met mekaar en verskaf toegang tot die werksplek, diensteverskaffers, en vryetydsbesteding. Post-apartheid Suid-Afrika is egter nog steeds vasgevang in ’n nalatenskap van rasseskeiding. Die minderbevoorregtes, wat meestal aan die buitewyke van die stad woon, is geforseerde gebruikers van openbare vervoer, terwyl die neiging (onder die bevoorregtes) om privaatvoertuie te gebruik, aan die toeneem is. Hierdie navorsingsprojek beveel dus aan dat ’n gebalanseerde, geïntegreerde en volhoubare vervoerstelsel bevorder moet word. ’n Sodanige stelsel sal help om die sosio-ekonomiese status van Suid-Afrika te bevorder. Dít kan net bereik word as alle landsburgers gelyke toegang tot ’n gebalanseeerde vervoernetwerk het. As ’n multimode-stelsel dus bevorder word, kan die tekortkominge van die huidige heterogene, nie-geïntegreerde stelsels oorkom word. Indien Suid-Afrika se vervoernetwerk ’n multimodale platform het, kan die landsburgers effektief en doeltreffend vervoer word sonder om die ekonomie, sosiale aangeleenthede of omgewing, tans en in die toekoms, in gedrang in te bring. Suid-Afrika sal boonop, met so ’n platform in plek, ook die nodige stimulus hê om die bestaande hulpbronne optimaal te gebruik. Hierdie navorsingsprojek verskaf ’n (generiese) in-volgorde-benadering om ’n volhoubare, geïntegreerde openbare vervoerstelsel daar te stel. Die doel is om bewustheid van die voordele wat uit ’n multimodale platform spruit, sowel as die nodige stappe vir die uitvoering daarvan, te kweek. Die fokusarea van die navorsing is die Stad van Kaapstad se land-vervoernetwerke. Die Stad het ’n beheerfasiliteit waar vervoerdata versamel word. Dit staan bekend as die vervoer-beheersentrum (TMC: Transport Management Centre). Hierdie fasiliteit word as toonaangewend in die wêreld beskou. Die kenmerkende eienskappe van hierdie fasiliteit bied verder ook ’n goeie vertrekpunt vir die bevordering van ’n multimodale stelsel. Die navorsing in hierdie veld het die volgende bydraende faktore, wat benodig word om die voorstelling te realiseer, geïdentifiseer. In die eerste plek moet die intelligente vervoerstelsels (ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems) geïntegreer word om ’n geïntegreerde volhoubare vervoerstelsel daar te stel. Indien ’n intelligente vervoerskema, gebaseer op tegnologiese inisiatiewe, aangemoedig word, sal die Stad van Kaapstad in die posisie wees om sy vervoerstelsel pro-aktief te bestuur deur meer effektief te monitor wat aangaan en meer akkuraat te voorspel wat in die toekoms mag gebeur. Tweedens moet daar ’n gesentraliseerde databasis geskep word. Met hierdie databasis sal die nodige integrasievereistes vir ’n multimodale vervoerstelsel, bereik word. Inligting kan dan gedeel word tussen privaat- en openbare landvervoer, asook tussen die beleggers en die operateurs van die verskillende vervoermodusse. ’n Voorbeeld van so ’n databasis is in Microsoft Access geskep en die modusse wat deel daarvan uitmaak, is: MyCiti, Metrorail en Golden Arrow Bus Services (GABS). Die data wat hierin vervat is, is histories, maar daar is vir intydse inligting voorsiening gemaak. In die derde plek is die sukses van die Stad van Kaapstad se vervoerstelsel en die ontwikkeling van ’n multimodale stelsel afhanklik van die daarstelling van ’n effektiewe, gevorderde inligtingsstelsel vir pendelaars (ATIS: Advanced Traveller Information Systems). Die idee is om ’n multimodale vervoerstelsel as ’n gerieflike opsie onder pendelaars te bevorder. Dit kan bereik word deur inligting rakende reisbeplanning aan pendelaars daar te stel. Met die verkryging van sodanige kennis sal die pendelaar se weerstand teen verandering ook afneem. Om so ’n multimodale reisbeplanner (JP: Journey Planner) te ontwikkel, is die eenmodaal-netwerke gekombineer om ’n supernetwerk te skep. Dijkstra se algoritme is op die supernetwerk toegepas. Die algoritme is in Microsoft Excel se VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) geprogrammeer en dit bevat die volgende gebruikerskriteria, nl. die begin- en eindpunt, die gebruiker se modes-voorkeur en die gebruiker se gekose optimeringsvoorkeur van tyd of afstand. Ten slotte kan gesê word dat inligting ’n groot rol in die mens se daaglikse lewe en aktiwiteite speel. Daar kan dus geredeneer word dat die sleutel tot suksesvolle vervoerdienste daarin lê om vir ingeligte pendelaars voorsiening te maak. As pendelaars ingelig is oor die stand van die vervoernetwerk maak dit hul houding meer positief. Verder, as pendelaars ook inligting oor reisbeplanning het, kan dit hul gevoel van onsekerheid en vrees jeens (veral) openbare vervoer teenwerk. Met al hierdie inligting tot sy beskikking kan ’n persoon dus sy eie keuses maak en dit lei daartoe dat die persoon meer in beheer voel. As ’n multimodale JP geskep word, voed dit die mens se begeerte vir meer inligting. En met ’n sodanige JP in plek, kan geïntegreerde pendel moontlik die norm word.
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Walker, Joan Leslie. "Modeling traveler response to traveler information systems : laboratory simulation of information searches using multimedia technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11665.
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Henderson, Jeffrey. "A Planning Model for Optimizing Locations of Changeable Message Signs." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/856.
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Changeable Message Signs (CMS) are commonly utilized by transportation agencies to inform motorists of traffic, roadway, and environmental conditions. They may be used to provide information, such as delay and alternate route guidance, in the event of an incident, construction or a roadway closure. The effectiveness of CMS in managing freeway traffic, however, is a function of many factors including the number of CMS installations, the location of CMS, the messages displayed, varied traffic network characteristics, and drivers' response to incident conditions and CMS information. The objective of this thesis is to develop a CMS location planning model that can be used by transportation agencies to develop a CMS location plan that could achieve the largest long-term benefit to the system. This research is mainly motivated by the lack of systematic, robust and practical methods for locating CMS. State-of-practice methods rely mostly on the practitioner's experience and judgement. Other methods fail to incorporate reasonable driver behaviour models, consider time-varying demand, allow for computational efficiency on large networks, or consider the spatial variation of incidents on a traffic network. A new CMS location optimization model has been developed that is unique in both model realism and computational efficiency. The model incorporates several components to estimate incident delay, predict driver response, estimate network-wide benefit, and choose those CMS locations that would provide the most benefit. Deterministic queuing methods are used in conjunction with historic incident characteristics to approximate the delay impact of an incident with and without CMS. A discrete choice model is used to predict the rate at which drivers would switch from the incident route to a less congested alternative under CMS information. A network traffic assignment model is then incorporated in an attempt to estimate the resulting traffic induced by incidents. Genetic algorithms are utilized as an optimization technique to choose a set of CMS that would provide the most benefit. An extensive computational analysis was performed on both a hypothetical network and a segment of Highway 401 through Toronto. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test the model's response to parameter and data estimation errors. The model was found to be most sensitive to the diversion model parameters. The model produced reasonable results with locations selected upstream of major freeway interchange diversion points. Considering the additional components included in the proposed model, and its ability to consider more location schemes, the proposed model may be considered superior to previous CMS location models.
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Sitabkhan, Murtaza Zoher 1971. "Quantitative evaluation of advanced traveler information system benefits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50017.
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Habib, Pathan Agha Faisal. "Modelling travellers' choice of information sources and of mode." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3884/.
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This study investigates the travellers' choice of information sources and their subsequent mode choice decisions. The goal of this study is to develop a comprehensive choice model that can capture the information acquisition process by predicting the choice of information sources together with its effects on modal choices of the travellers. A decision making framework for travel information acquisition is developed and the abstract terms, necessary to be tested in the models, are identified. A Stated Preference experiment is developed based on the complicated decision making process and an interactive CATI questionnaire is designed to cope with it. Utility functions are formulated by expanding travellers' choice set to include different combinations of the viable sources of information and with the inclusion of policy sensitive variables. The research employs a wide range of modelling methodologies and examines a range of traditional and newly developed calibration and estimation procedures including Mixed Logit models with individual specific parameters and the newly developed Random Regret Minimisation framework. The study also analyses the effects of travel planning websites on travel decisions and establishes a link between content, design, advertisements, and presentation of information on overall modal shift. The results indicate that travellers give credence to government owned sources and give more importance to their own previous experiences followed by multimodal websites, train websites, friends and coach websites respectively. A website with less search time, specific infonnation on users' own criteria, and real time information is regarded as most attractive by the travellers. The study also found that the market share of the modes increases when information sources show decreased travel time and cost values and the maximum results are achieved when different information sources give the same information to the travellers. These results show that information sources could be used to influence the mode choice of the travellers.
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Staszcuk, Joseph Henry. "Analyzing the use of portable advanced traveler information systems." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/staszcuk/StaszcukJ1210.pdf.
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Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) have been employed over the past two decades to provide travelers with real-time traffic information; one example estimated downstream travel times. Portable ATIS, in the context of this study, can provide real-time traffic information-including advanced travel times, delay times, and reduced average speeds-to motorists by updating portable changeable message signs in rural settings. Currently, there are limited numbers of demonstrations of the capabilities of portable ATIS. This paper summarizes the results of a portable ATIS demonstration project in Redding, California. For the demonstration, four different portable ATISs were deployed on a construction project for a two-week period. These systems included Blufax, iCone, License Plate Reader (LPR) and Adaptir. Three aspects were tested: accuracy, reliability, and usability. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing measured travel times and speeds with a stopwatch measured baseline. Reliability was assessed by monitoring and summarizing the maintenance needs during the demonstration. System usability was addressed in terms of ease of setup and calibration. Overall, the systems accurately estimated travel times within 10 seconds 98 percent of the time for the LPR system and 100 percent of the time for the Blufax, and speeds were within 10 mph 99 percent of the time for the iCone and Adaptir systems. Each of the systems had their own unique challenges with reliability and usability. The results of this study show the promise of using portable systems to measure and display real-time travel times and highlight the challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation. The study plan for follow up studies summarize the implementation of a future research study that will focus on remedying the downfalls found from the original demonstration project as well as focus on a human factors related experiment measuring vehicle headways with different changeable message sign sequences. These study plans were not implemented but are provided to guide future research work.
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Hu, Hyejung. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162008-001643/.
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The objective of this study was to develop valid methodologies for addressing several limitations of the current Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) evaluation tools. This study was focused mainly on three enhancements. First, the queue propagation algorithm of the selected tool (DYNASMART-P) was modified to more realistically model traffic congestion. The author proposed the addition of transfer flow capacity and backward gated flow constraints for more accurately calculating transfer flow rate. Second, the study modeled the natural diversion behaviors of drivers who do not receive traveler information. Lastly, statistical models of user responses to traveler information were developed using binary and multinomial logit methods to understand and model the relationship between driversâ socio-economic characteristics and their responses to traveler information. Among these three enhancements, the first two (improved queue propagation and natural diversion behavior algorithms) were implemented in the enhanced model. The user behavior models, however, were not implemented because their predictive power was not acceptable due to limitations in the data set. The enhanced model was applied to two case studies: 1) verifying the capabilities of the model under a recurring bottleneck scenario on I-40 corridor in the Triangle region of North Carolina, and 2) demonstrating the capability of the enhanced model to measure the effectiveness of U-Transportation (similar to the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration [VII] program in the USA) which has been under development in Korea. The first case study results showed that the improved queue propagation algorithm simulated the bottleneck queue much closer to the real data than the original model. The simulation results also indicated that the actual diversion rate under recurring congestion in the study network was very low. The results of the second case study demonstrated that the enhanced model can evaluate the network impact of new advanced technology in flooding situations and can evaluate the effect of market penetration of the communication technology.
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Florian, Daniel George. "Simulation-based evaluation of Advanced Traveler Information Services (ATIS)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32271.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
Drivers using information from an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) could potentially make better travel decisions to reduce travel time and increase trip reliability, thereby benefiting both guided drivers as well as those without such access. However, market penetration of ATIS can have dramatic effects on the performance of the transportation system in terms of overall benefits conferred as well as the distributional effects between guided and unguided drivers. Because market penetration will be determined both by private market structure and public policies, the effective deployment of ATIS depends critically on the private and public organizations that will provide these services. An understanding of the relationship between transportation system performance and ATIS market penetration provides important insights into a sustaining market structure for the ATIS industry. This thesis provides an empirical study of the impact of ATIS on transportation network quality of service using an application of DynaMIT (Dynamic network assignment for the Management of Information to Travelers). An analysis of the simulation results serves to inform the public and private stakeholder positions in the creation of a better market for ATIS. The main results are that the provision of dynamic route guidance can simultaneously benefit the individual performance of drivers, both guided and unguided, as well as the system performance of existing transportation infrastructure. In order to perform this analysis, it was necessary to develop a new software framework for the real- time integration of DynaMIT and a Traffic Management Center (TMC).
by Daniel George Florian.
S.M.
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Roell, Maria. "The use of public participation in the design of effective internet-based advanced traveler information systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45954.
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This thesis examines three methods of public participation and their potential application to the design of internet-based Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATISs). ATISs have the ability to reduce congestion by providing their users with real-time traffic information that can affect their travel decisions to avoid areas of high traffic. This study first uses a website evaluation method to determine a baseline of ATIS website quality. It then uses three forms of public participation, a survey, a future's workshop, and a feedback website to determine user preferences for Georgia's traveler information website, NaviGAtor. The results of the participation are then analyzed for their strengths and weaknesses and their applicability to ATIS development. The study concludes that the feedback website is the most applicable form of participation for ATIS design, followed by surveys that should be used periodically, and future's workshops that should be used rarely.
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Doshi, Siddharth. "Designing a multi-modal traveler information platform for urban transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37167.
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Urban transportation networks are inefficient due to sub-optimal use by travelers. One approach to counter the increase in urban transportation demand is to provide better information to travelers, which would allow them to make better use of the network.
Existing traveler information systems do this to a certain extent, but are limited by the data available and the scope of their implementation. These systems are vertically integrated and closed so that using any external elements for analysis, user interfacing etc. is difficult.
The effects of such traveler information systems are reviewed via a comparative analysis of case studies available in the literature. It is found that information availability has a definite positive effect, but the social and environmental benefits are difficult to quantify. It is also seen that combining data by integrating systems can lead to additional uses for the same data and result on better quality of service and information.
In this thesis, a regional platform for multi-modal traveler information is proposed that would support the development of traveler information systems. The architecture incorporates a central processing and storage module, which acts as an information clearinghouse and supports receiving, managing and sending data to and from multiple sources and interfaces. This setup allows sharing of data for analysis or application development, but with access control. The components are loosely coupled to minimize inter-dependencies. Due to this, the source, analysis, user interface and storage components can be developed independently of each other.
To better develop the requirements and understand the challenges of the proposed concept, a limited implementation of the system is designed for the midtown Atlanta region, incorporating multiple data sources and user interfaces. The individual elements of the system are described in detail as is the testing and evaluation of the system.
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Edwards, Michelle. "Evaluation of traveler information on driver behavior in southeast Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799711391&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bertilsson, Tobias, and Mårten Persson. "Situation-dependent spontaneous mobile information service for travelers." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för telekommunikationssystem, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3586.
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This application is created to provide valid and relevant travel information to travelers on their journey. The application is proposed as a demonstration for seamless communications in the VINNOVA-sponsored project PIITSA (Personal Information Intelligent Transport systems through Seamless communications and Autonomous decisions). The PIITSA-project is a cooperation between Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Saab AB, SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute and Swedish Road Administration region Stockholm. The project is going on under three years, and the goal is to define communication and decision functions which will make it easier for ITS-applications (Intelligent Transport Systems and Services) that have the need of supplying personalised information. This project presents a solution to the question “How do I get from point A to point B in any case”. All that the user needs is a PDA with the application installed and being able to connect to the service via a mobile network. If the user has specified a route in the application, then the user will receive up-to-date information on how to get to his destination. This information is presented on the user’s PDA. If something happens on the current route, then the user will get an automatic message sent to him presenting the problem and give him a new travel route. Thanks to this the user won’t be stuck in the traffic problem and will probably reach its destination in time.Examensarbetet tog fram en demonstrationstjänst för det VINNOVA-sponsrade projekt PIITSA (Personlig Information i Intelligenta Transportsystem genom Sömlös kommunikation och Autonoma beslut). Den används på en handdator och hjälper resenrärer "att komma från A till B i alla fall" genom att ge möjlighet att söka eller lägga in reserutter och övervaka aktuell trafikinformation i samband med dessa rutter, främst avseende kollektivtrafik i Stockholmsområdet. Mervärdet består i att resenären blir varnat automatiskt om någonting händer längs de valda rutterna och ges möjlighet att få en ny rutt. Applikationen kan användas i skarp läge.
Primary contact: Markus Fiedler, +46 708 537339
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Gursoy, Dogan. "Development of a Travelers' Information Search Behavior Model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29970.
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In the dynamic global environment of today, understanding how travelers acquire information is important for marketing management decisions (Srinivasan 1990; Wilkie and Dickson 1985). For destination marketing managers, understanding information search behavior of travelers is crucial for designing effective marketing communication campaigns because information search represents the primary stage at which marketing can provide information and influence travelers' vacation decisions. Therefore, conceptual and empirical examinations of tourist information search behavior have a long tradition in tourism marketing literature (Etzel and Wahlers, 1985; Fodness and Murray, 1997, 1998, 1999; Perdue, 1985; Schul and Crompton, 1983; Snepenger and Snepenger 1993; Woodside and Ronkainen, 1980).
Even though several studies examined travelers information search behavior and the factors that are likely to affect it, they all examined travelers' prior product knowledge as a uni-dimensional construct, most often referred to as destination familiarity or previous trip experiences (Woodside and Ronkainen, 1980). However, consumer behavior literature suggests that the prior product knowledge is not a uni-dimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson). Alba and Hutchinson (1987) propose that prior product knowledge has two major components, familiarity and expertise, and cannot be measured by a single indicator. In addition, in tourism, little research has been done on the factors that are likely to influence travelers' prior product knowledge and, therefore, their information search behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine travelers' information search behavior by studying the effects of travelers' familiarity and expertise on their information search behavior and identifying the factors that are likely to influence travelers' familiarity and expertise and their information search behavior.
A travelers' information search behavior model and a measurement instrument to assess the constructs of the model were designed for the use of this study. The model proposed that the type of information search (internal and/or external) that is likely to be utilized will be influenced by travelers' familiarity and expertise. In addition, travelers' involvement, learning, prior visits and cost of information search are proposed to influence travelers' familiarity and their information search behavior.
Even though a very complex travelers' information search behavior model was proposed, only the effects of travelers' prior product knowledge (familiarity and expertise) on travelers' information search behavior were empirically tested due to the complex nature of the model. First the proposed measurement scales were pretested on 224 consumers. After making sure that proposed measures of each construct were valid and reliable, a survey of 470 consumers of travel/tourism services who reside in Virginia was conducted. Structural Equation Modeling (i.e., LISREL) analysis was performed to test the fit of the model.
Results of the study confirmed that travelers' prior product knowledge has two components, familiarity and expertise, and expertise is a function of familiarity. Both familiarity and expertise affect travelers' information search behavior. While the effect of familiarity on internal search is positive and on external search is negative, the effect of expertise on internal search is negative and on external search is positive. The study identified a U-shaped relationship between travelers' prior product knowledge and external information search. At early stages of learning (low familiarity), travelers are likely to rely on external information sources to make their vacation decisions. As their prior product knowledge (familiarity) increases they tend to make their vacation decisions based on what is in their memory, therefore, reliance on external information sources decreases. However, as they learn more (become experts), they realize that they need more detailed information to make their vacation decisions. As a result, they start searching for additional external information to make their vacation decisions.Ph. D.
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Nam, Doohee. "Econometric analysis of highway incident duration, public perceptions and information for advanced traveler information systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10172.
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Iqbal, Md Shahadat. "Data Support of Advanced Traveler Information System Considering Connected Vehicle Technology." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3495.
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Traveler information systems play a significant role in most travelers’ daily trips. These systems assist travelers in choosing the best routes to reach their destinations and possibly select suitable departure times and modes for their trips. Connected Vehicle (CV) technologies are now in the pilot program stage. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications will be an important source of data for traffic agencies. If this data is processed properly, then agencies will be able to better determine traffic conditions, allowing them to take proper countermeasures to remedy transportation system problems under different conditions.
This research focuses on developing methods to assess the potential of utilizing CV data to support the traveler information system data collection process. The results from the assessment can be used to establish a timeline indicating when an agency can stop investing, at least partially, in traditional technologies, and instead rely on CV technologies for traveler information system support. This research utilizes real-world vehicle trajectory data collected under the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) program and simulation modeling to emulate the use of connected vehicle data to support the traveler information system. NGSIM datasets collected from an arterial segment and a freeway segment are used in this research. Microscopic simulation modeling is also used to generate required trajectory data, allowing further analysis, which is not possible using NGSIM data.
The first step is to predict the market penetration of connected vehicles in future years. This estimated market penetration is then used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of CV-based data for travel time and volume estimation, which are two important inputs for the traveler information system. The travel times are estimated at different market penetrations of CV. The quality of the estimation is assessed by investigating the accuracy and reliability with different CV deployment scenarios. The quality of volume estimates is also assessed using the same data with different future scenarios of CV deployment and partial or no detector data. Such assessment supports the identification of a timeline indicating when CV data can be used to support the traveler information system.
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Jackson, Paul Gerard. "The effects of route guidance information upon travellers' wayfinding and navigation ability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8200.
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Belz, Nathan P. "Effectiveness of the Statewide Deployment and Integration of Advanced Traveler Information Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BelzNP2008.pdf.
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黃秀貞 and Sau-ching Pauline Wong. "Development of GIS-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS) in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260962.
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Chang, Mark (Mark Chwanliang) 1975. "Evaluation of dynamic traffic assignment : demand estimation and impacts of traveler information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80588.
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Rocharungsat, Pimrawee. "A study of travel counselor training programs of state traveler information centers." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998rocharungsatp.pdf.
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Wong, Sau-ching Pauline. "Development of GIS-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS) in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247621.
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Bonsignore, Ruth M. (Ruth Marie). "A comparative evalation of the benefits of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) operational tests." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12305.
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Kusumasondjaja, Sony. "Travelers’ responses to online information on consumer-generated media for travel-related services." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2155.
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This research is aimed to investigate how travel consumers respond to online information posted in Consumer-Generated Media. It was examined the impact of consumer characteristics (risk propensity and Internet experience), information characteristics (information valence and information quality), and source characteristics (source identity and similarity) on consumer perception of information credibility, trust in the travel services being discussed, and intention to purchase the services. Hypotheses and research questions were proposed based on the concept of uncertainty reduction and information processing. A 3x2 between-subject experimental research design was developed. Information valence and source identity were manipulated. The survey was conducted at several popular tourist destinations in Bali involving 1939 real travel consumers holidaying in Bali as participants.Results show significant effects of risk propensity, information quality, and similarity on perception of information credibility, trust in travel services being reviewed, and intentions to purchase the services. Internet experience was found not significant in affecting credibility, trust, and purchase intention. The study also confirmed the main and interaction effects of information valence and source identity on perception of information credibility, trust in travel services being reviewed, and intentions to purchase the services. Information with identified source was perceived to be more credible and leads to greater trust and consumer purchase intention than unidentified information. Balanced information was found to have greatest impact on credibility, trust, and intention. Positive information was suggested to have the least impact on credibility, as well as negative information on trust and purchase intention. The interaction of balanced information with identified source was found to have the greatest influence on credibility, trust, and intention, while negative information with unidentified source was found to have the least effect. Several conceptual, methodological, and research contributions offered by this study are also discussed.
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Graupl, Alice. "Systems of leisure travel information provision and use : the 'Grey' market' and the internet." Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/269715.
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The information age and the information society have become dominant features in the newm illennium.H owever,t heset ermsa reo ften referredt o with the youngerg enerations in mind,n eglectingth e older andm oree xperiencemd emberso f our society. This thesis focuses on the 'Grey Market' (travellers over the age of 50) who use the Internet on a regular basis - therefore also referred to as 'Silver Surfers' - and in particularf or their travel and tourism decision-makingI.t aims to identify experiences andp rocesseosf travel decision-makinga,n alyseth e impacto n the useo f the Interneta s an informations earcha s well as evaluateth e effectivenesos f the Interneti n providing informationf or particulara ndn ot mainstreamm arkets egments. The methodologye mployedi n this particularp iece of researchb uilds on positivisma s most consumerb ehaviourt heoriesd o; howevera more inductivea pproachw as taken. While relying on existingt heoriesn ewera nd lessw ell testedm ethodso f datac ollection were put to use.T he methodsw ere triangulatedu, tilising bothq uantitativea ndq ualitative research methods which complement each other in the results. An initial pilot study questionnairwe asf ollowedu p with semi-structureidn -depthi nterviewsw hich thenl edt o the completiono f the final survey,t hat was administeredb y 'e-surveying'u sing both conveniencea nd snowballs amplinga nd resultedi n 517 valid responsesfr om 'Silver Surfers' around the United Kingdom. Main findings of this thesiss how a distinct patterno f behaviourin the travel decisionmaking process of this particular market segment as well as what kind of information they were researchingo n the Internet.M ost importantly,t he respondentdso not consider themselvesto o different from other (younger)a geg roupsa nde vent houghs omeo f their informationr equirementsa re distinctive,t hey do not want to be consideredju st as 'the older consumers'.
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Alaraj, Mimoza, and Emma Andreasson. "Information och stöd till vuxna med gliom och deras anhöriga." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25434.
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Alaraj, M & Andréasson, E. Information och stöd till vuxna med gliom och deras anhöriga. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Fa-kulteten för Hälsa och Samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2012.Gliom är en allvarlig tumörsjukdom där möjligheten till tillfrisknande är be-gränsad. Sjukdomen har en djup inverkan både på patient och anhöriga i var-dagen. Information och stöd är omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan påverka patient och närstående att hantera sin situation och öka deras välbefinnande. Syftet med den här systematiska litteraturstudien var att beskriva de behov av information och stöd som patienter med gliom och deras anhöriga upplever. Metoden var en sys-tematisk litteraturstudie där medicinska och omvårdnadsdatabaser genomsöktes. Resultatet bygger på tretton bearbetade kvalitativa studier. Två huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier framkom efter analysen. Resultatet visade att information och stöd var viktigt för både patienter och anhöriga under hela sjukdomsförloppet. Behoven skiljde sig åt under sjukdomsprogressen och både patienter och anhöriga uttryckte ett behov av individuell anpassning av dessa åtgärder. Information och stödåtgärder vid insjuknande, diagnos och kirurgi var betydelsefullt. Stöd att han-tera rollförändringar och existentiella frågor upplevdes också som viktigt. Slutsat-ser: Rätt information och rätt stödåtgärder bidrar till att patient och anhöriga får möjlighet att bibehålla hoppet och finna mening i den emotionellt stressande situ-ationen. Nyckelord: Anhörig, Gliom, Information, Patient, Stöd, TravelbeeAlaraj, M & Andréasson, E. Information and support for adults with Glioma and their relatives. Degree Project, 15 credits. Malmo University: Faculty of Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, 2012.Glioma is a serious malignancy where the possibility of recovery is limited. The disease has a profound impact on both the patient and family in everyday life. Information and support are nursing interventions that may affect the patient and families cope with their situation and improve their wellbeing. The aim of this systematic literature review was to describe the needs for information and support that patients with glioma and their caregivers are experiencing. The method was a systematic literature review in which medical and nursing databases were searched. The results were based on thirteen processed qualitative studies. Two major categories and seven sub-themes emerged after the analysis. The results showed that information and support measures were demanded by both patients and families throughout the course of the disease. The needs differed during the disease trajectory and both patients and families expressed a need for individual adaptation of these measures. Information and support operations at the onset and at diagnosis and surgery were valuable. Support to cope with existential issues and role of changes were also seen as important. Conclusions: The right information and the right support interventions contribute to patient and relatives are able to maintain hope and find meaning in the emotionally stressful situation.Keywords: Family, Glioma, Information, Patient, Support, Travelbee
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Kim, Hoe Kyoung. "Development and evaluation of advanced traveler information system (ATIS) using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33828.
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This research develops and evaluates an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) model using a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system (referred to as the GATIS-V2V model) with the off-the-shelf microscopic simulation model, VISSIM. The GATIS-V2V model is tested on notional small traffic networks (non-signalized and signalized) and a 6X6 typical urban grid network (signalized traffic network). The GATIS-V2V model consists of three key modules: vehicle communication, on-board travel time database management, and a Dynamic Route Guidance System (DRGS). In addition, the system performance has been enhanced by applying three complementary functions: Autonomous Automatic Incident Detection (AAID), a minimum sample size algorithm, and a simple driver behavior model. To select appropriate parameter ranges for the complementary functions a sensitivity analysis has been conducted. The GATIS-V2V performance has been investigated relative to three underlying system parameters: traffic flow, communication radio range, and penetration ratio of participating vehicles. Lastly, the enhanced GATIS-V2V model is compared with the centralized traffic information system.
This research found that the enhanced GATIS-V2V model outperforms the basic model in terms of travel time savings and produces more consistent and robust system output under non-recurrent traffic states (i.e., traffic incident) in the simple traffic network. This research also identified that the traffic incident detection time and driver's route choice rule are the most crucial factors influencing the system performance. As expected, as traffic flow and penetration ratio increase, the system becomes more efficient, with non-participating vehicles also benefiting from the re-routing of participating vehicles. The communication radio ranges considered were found not to significantly influence system operations in the studied traffic network. Finally, it is found that the decentralized GATIS-V2V model has similar performance to the centralized model even under low flow, short radio range, and low penetration ratio cases. This implies that a dynamic infrastructure-based traffic information system could replace a fixed infrastructure-based traffic information system, allowing for considerable savings in fixed costs and ready expansion of the system off of the main network corridors.
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Rizos, Anthony Charles. "Implementation of advanced transit traveler information systems in the United States and Canada : practice and prospects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59766.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.B. in Planning)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-115).
Over the past few years, public transit agencies across the United States and Canada have increasingly implemented methods for passengers to access traveler information using new media and personal mobile communications devices. The most advanced examples of these devices, commonly known as "smartphones," combine telephone, Internet browsing, and personal digital assistant (PDA) functionality into a single, portable unit. Mobile data applications are literally exploding on the scene every day, and transit agencies are under tremendous social and political pressure to deploy more related information systems as rapidly as possible. These applications are popular with technology-savvy riders who enjoy easy and real-time access to information and updates about their transit routes and services of choice, anywhere they happen to be. A review of the literature, as well as interviews with managers at thirteen transit authorities across the spectrum of size and technical sophistication, provides a portrayal of the states of the practice and art, and paints a clear picture of the challenges facing implementation of these advanced systems in the field. The research confirms the initial hypothesis that while transit agencies are indeed devoting energy to pursuing advanced traveler information systems, the approaches to implementing them could be improved. Based on the findings, I recommend that transit agencies: conduct necessary market research; develop more explicit and comprehensive traveler information system strategies; clarify the role and business case for social media; secure sufficient financial and technology resources; ensure sufficient operating as well as capital funding; eliminate constraints on use of data from commercial software; and, adopt and embrace open-source software development using an "open government" model.
by Anthony Charles Rizos.
M.C.P.and S.B.in Planning
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Park, Sangwon. "College students' information search behavior for spring break an exploration in the concept of specialization /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6274.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Blanco, Myra. "Effects of In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) Tasks on the Information Processing Demands of a Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Driver." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36413.
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This study was performed with two main goals in mind. The first goal was to understand and predict "red-lines" and "yellow-lines" in terms of what the CVO driver can process without hindering the primary task of driving. The second goal was to collect conventional secondary task data for CVO driving performance. An on-the-road experiment was performed with the help of 12 truck drivers. Type of task, presentation format, information density, and age were the independent variables used in the experiment. The 22 dependent measures collected were grouped into the following categories: eye glance measures, longitudinal driving performance, lateral driving performance, secondary task performance, and subjective assessment. The findings of this study strongly suggest that paragraphs should not be used under any circumstance to present information to the driver while the vehicle is in motion. On the other hand, the Graphics with Icons represent the most appropriate format in which driving instructions and information should be presented for IVIS/CVO tasks. In order to avoid a high visual attention demand to the driver due to a secondary task, only simple search tasks with the most important information shall be presented. Although the suggested format, type of task, and information density represent a higher visual attention demand than a conventional secondary task, these characteristics seem to bind a task with a moderate attentional demand. Other combinations of format, type of task, and information density will cause an increase in the driver's attentional demand that will consequently deteriorate their driving performance causing unsafe driving situations.Master of Science
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King, Jeff. "Requirements for a Nationwide Intermodal Trip Planner in the US." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34774.
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Presently, the United States has yet to achieve the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Actâ s (ISTEA) goal of creating a seamless intermodal transportation system. In addition to the dearth of connections, the nationâ s poor transportation information systems limit intercity intermodal transportation. Travelers lack awareness of available transportation options and face too many separate portals for trip planning that both consume time and present inadequate information.
This paper posits that the creation of an efficient and extensive web-based door-to-door intermodal trip planner can solve these problems. The proposed system will present travelers with a single portal to meet all their trip planning needs. Upon selecting specific trips, travelers can then decide to be directed to operators to make a purchase. The system will include operators from the major modal groups including intercity buses, intercity rail, commuter rail, transit, and airlines. It will also include taxis due to the disjointed nature of the US public transportation system and the need to connect users who are far from stations.
The requirements to create this trip planner are explored, including the support systems, potential legal issues, and suitable entities for administration and management. A survey of 39 transportation system users revealed the existence of redundant and inadequate trip planners and that the lack of sufficient information on public transportation options is driving travelers to private vehicles for shorter distances even for those who prefer public means of transportation. Analysis of the costs and benefits of implementing the proposed system is drawn from interviews with key personnel within the transportation industry, and a review of nationwide trip planners in European countries. Finally, a roadmap is presented on how best to implement the system with inputs from both the public and private sector. Recommendations include the establishment of an industry-wide data standard, a national interagency database, and a cooperative structure that entices major players within each mode to participate in the system. Also suggested are incentives from the DOT and interested private sector members to encourage more operators to participate in the system.Master of Science
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Sugawara, Yoshihiko. "Understanding the differences in the development and use of advanced traveler information systems for vehicles (ATIS/V) in the U.S., Germany, and Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40377.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-157).
Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem. As a solution, advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) mitigate traffic congestion by providing real-time traffic information to travelers. ATIS includes various applications such as radio traffic reporting services and websites. Among those, this thesis focuses on more advanced real-time traffic information systems, which provide sophisticated traffic information to drivers via in-vehicle devices such as car navigation systems: we call them ATISN (advanced traveler information systems for vehicles). ATISN has a high potential to mitigate traffic congestion and improve travel for individual drivers. However, in some countries, ATISN has not been accepted well by drivers. To improve this situation, three questions motivate this study: (1) why does ATISN in some parts of the world have more penetration than in others, (2) what can be done to increase the penetration of ATISN, and (3) what kinds of strategic alliances among stakeholders can help to make better ATISNs. This thesis compares three countries, the U.S., Germany, and Japan, by a qualitative analysis of the system dynamics methodology to clarify reasons which have been causing differences in the penetration.
(cont.) Additionally, a new supply chain model based on McQueen's model is used. Furthermore, stakeholder analysis and case studies regarding stakeholder alliances in current ATISNs and highway service operators' strategies for alliances are conducted. In conclusion, from a macro-perspective analysis, many prominent factors in the dynamics of ATISN penetration are found, such as public investment in a public-driven ATISN, the in-vehicle device market, and two-way communication technology development. Furthermore, from analysis for alliances among stakeholders, no absolute best alliances but many possibilities to create alliances for ATISN are clarified, and the use of ATISN as a differentiation tool is suggested as one option worth considering.
b y Yoshihiko Sugawara.
S.M.
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Xiao, Yan. "Hybrid Approaches to Estimating Freeway Travel Times Using Point Traffic Detector Data." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/356.
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The accurate and reliable estimation of travel time based on point detector data is needed to support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications. It has been found that the quality of travel time estimation is a function of the method used in the estimation and varies for different traffic conditions. In this study, two hybrid on-line travel time estimation models, and their corresponding off-line methods, were developed to achieve better estimation performance under various traffic conditions, including recurrent congestion and incidents. The first model combines the Mid-Point method, which is a speed-based method, with a traffic flow-based method. The second model integrates two speed-based methods: the Mid-Point method and the Minimum Speed method. In both models, the switch between travel time estimation methods is based on the congestion level and queue status automatically identified by clustering analysis. During incident conditions with rapidly changing queue lengths, shock wave analysis-based refinements are applied for on-line estimation to capture the fast queue propagation and recovery.
Travel time estimates obtained from existing speed-based methods, traffic flow-based methods, and the models developed were tested using both simulation and real-world data. The results indicate that all tested methods performed at an acceptable level during periods of low congestion. However, their performances vary with an increase in congestion. Comparisons with other estimation methods also show that the developed hybrid models perform well in all cases. Further comparisons between the on-line and off-line travel time estimation methods reveal that off-line methods perform significantly better only during fast-changing congested conditions, such as during incidents.
The impacts of major influential factors on the performance of travel time estimation, including data preprocessing procedures, detector errors, detector spacing, frequency of travel time updates to traveler information devices, travel time link length, and posted travel time range, were investigated in this study. The results show that these factors have more significant impacts on the estimation accuracy and reliability under congested conditions than during uncongested conditions. For the incident conditions, the estimation quality improves with the use of a short rolling period for data smoothing, more accurate detector data, and frequent travel time updates.
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NOCKA, THEODHORA. "AUTOMATED TRANSIT TRIP PLANNING SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE GREATER CINCINNATI AREA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin994693516.
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Henclewood, Dwayne Anthony. "Real-time estimation of arterial performance measures using a data-driven microscopic traffic simulation technique." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44792.
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Traffic congestion is a one hundred billion dollar problem in the US. The cost of congestion has been trending upward over the last few decades, but has experienced slight decreases in recent years partly due to the impact of congestion reduction strategies. The impact of these strategies is however largely experienced on freeways and not arterials. This discrepancy in impact is partially linked to the lack of real-time, arterial traffic information. Toward this end, this research effort seeks to address the lack of arterial traffic information.
To address this dearth of information, this effort developed a methodology to provide accurate estimates of arterial performance measures to transportation facility managers and travelers in real-time. This methodology employs transmitted point sensor data to drive an online, microscopic traffic simulation model. The feasibility of this methodology was examined through a series of experiments that were built upon the successes of the previous, while addressing the necessary limitations. The results from each experiment were encouraging. They successfully demonstrated the method's likely feasibility, and the accuracy with which field estimates of performance measures may be obtained. In addition, the method's results support the viability of a "real-world" implementation of the method. An advanced calibration process was also developed as a means of improving the method's accuracy. This process will in turn serve to inform future calibration efforts as the need for more robust and accurate traffic simulation models are needed.
The success of this method provides a template for real-time traffic simulation modeling which is capable of adequately addressing the lack of available arterial traffic information. In providing such information, it is hoped that transportation facility managers and travelers will make more informed decisions regarding more efficient management and usage of the nation's transportation network.
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Wang, Jinghui. "Multi-modal Energy Consumption Modeling and Eco-routing System Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78624.
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A door-to-door trip may involve multiple traffic modes. For example, travelers may drive to a subway station and make a transfer to rail transit; alternatively, people may also start their trips by walking/cycling to a bus/subway station and then take transit in most of the trip. A successful eco-route planning thus should be able to cover multiple traffic modes and offer intermodal routing suggestions. Developing such a system requires to address extensive concerns. The dissertation is a building block of the multi-modal energy-efficient routing system which is being developed and tested in the simulation environment before real applications. Four submodules have been developed in the dissertation as partial fulfillment of the simulation-based system: energy consumption modeling, subway system development, on-road vehicles dynamic eco-routing, and information effect on route choice behavior. Other submodules such as pedestrian/bicycle modeling will be studied in the future.
Towards the research goal, the dissertation first develops fuel consumption models for on-road vehicles. Given that gasoline light duty vehicles (LDVs) and electric vehicles were modeled in previous studies, the research effort mainly focuses on heavy duty vehicles (HDVs). Specifically, heavy duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) as well as diesel and hybrid-electric transit buses are modeled. The models are developed based on the Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel consumption Modeling (VT-CPFM) framework. The results demonstrate that the model estimates are highly consistent with field observations as well as the estimates of the Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM) and MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES). It is also found that the optimum fuel economy cruise speed ranges between 32 and 52 km/h for the tested trucks and between 39 and 47 km/h for the tested buses on grades varying from 0% to 8%, which is significantly lower than LDVs (60-80 km/h).
The dissertation then models electric train dynamics and energy consumption in support of subway simulation system development and trip energy estimation. The dynamics model varies throttle and brake level with running speed rather than assuming constants as was done by previous studies, and the energy consumption model considers instantaneous energy regeneration. Both models can be easily calibrated using non-engine data and implemented in simulation systems and eco-transit applications. The results of the dynamics modeling demonstrate that the proposed model can adequately capture instantaneous acceleration/deceleration behavior and thus produce realistic train trajectories. The results of the energy consumption modeling demonstrate that the model produces the estimates consistent with the National Transit Database (NTD) results, and is applicable for project-level analysis given its ability in capturing the energy consumption differences associated with train, route and operational characteristics.
The most suitable simulation testbed for system development is then identified. The dissertation investigates four state-of-the-art microsimulation models (INTEGRATION, VISSIM, AIMSUM, PARAMICS). Given that the car-following model within a micro-simulator controls longitudinal vehicle motion and thus determines the resulting vehicle trajectories, the research effort mainly focuses on the performance of the built-in car-following models from the energy and environmental perspective. The vehicle specific power (VSP) distributions resulting from each of the car-following models are compared to the field observations. The results demonstrate that the Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid (RPA) model (implemented in the INTEGRATION software) outperforms the Gipps (AIMSUM), Fritzsche (PARAMICS) and Wiedemann (VISSIM) models in generating accurate VSP distributions and fuel consumption and emission estimates. This demonstrates the advantage of the INTEGRATION model over the other three simulation models for energy and environmental analysis.
A new eco-routing model, comprehensively considering microscopic characteristics, is then developed, followed by a numerical experiment to test the benefit of the model. With the resulting eco-routing model, an on-road vehicle dynamic eco-routing system is constructed for in-vehicle navigation applications, and tested for different congestion levels. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed eco-routing model is able to generate reasonable routing suggestions based on real-time information while at the same time differentiate eco-routes between vehicle models. It is also found that the proposed dynamic eco-routing system achieves lower network-wide energy consumption levels compared to the traditional eco-routing and travel time routing at all congestion levels. The results also demonstrate that the conventional fuel savings relative to the travel time routing decrease with the increasing congestion level; however, the electric power savings do not monotonically vary with congestion level. Furthermore, the energy savings relative to the traditional eco-routing are also not monotonically related to congestion level. In addition, network configuration is demonstrated to significantly affect eco-routing benefits.
The dissertation finally investigates the potential to influence driver behavior by studying the impact of information on route choice behavior based on a real world experiment. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the effectiveness of information in routing rationality depends upon the traveler's age, preferences, route characteristics, and information type. Specifically, information effect is less evident for elder travelers. Also, the provided information may not be contributing if travelers value other considerations or one route significantly outperforms the others. The results also demonstrate that, when travelers have limited experiences, strict information is more effective than variability information, and that the faster less reliable route is more attractive than the slower more reliable route; yet the difference becomes insignificant with experiences accumulation. The results of the study will be used to enhance system design through considering route choice incentives.Ph. D.
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Othman, Amine. "Simulation multi-agent de l’information des voyageurs dans les transports en commun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1059/document.
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Titre: Simulation multi-agent de l’information des voyageurs dans les transports en commun.Résumé:Avec la généralisation de l'information temps-réel, le comportement des réseaux de transport modernes devient de plus en plus difficile à analyser et à prévoir. Le rôle de l'information est de plus en plus critique, particulièrement en cas de dysfonctionnement des réseaux, et l’information devient de plus en plus personnalisée et individuelle. Plusieurs phénomènes tels que la saturation, la concentration et la sur-réaction peuvent être observés après l’utilisation de systèmes d’information voyageurs. En effet, sans contrôle, la diffusion massive d'informations, à travers les panneaux à messages variables, les annonces dans les médias ainsi que les dispositifs de guidage individuel peut avoir des effets pervers et créer de nouvelles congestions. Ainsi, il est devenu important de développer des outils de simulation pour les décideurs de politiques de mobilité, prenant en compte ce nouvel environnement informationnel.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons une simulation multi-agent pour mesurer l'impact de la fourniture d'informations sur la qualité des voyages en transports en commun, notamment dans des situations perturbées, en prenant en compte un environnement informationnel hétérogène. Dans un premier temps, nous concevons une simulation qui assure le déplacement de voyageurs sur un réseau de transport en commun. Ensuite, nous l’enrichissons par l’intégration de l’information des voyageurs et des taux d’équipements des voyageurs en smartphones, de telle manière qu’il puisse représenter les voyageurs connectés et être capable de distinguer l’impact des informations personnelles de celui des informations générales. Pour ce faire, nous nous fondons sur le paradigme multi-agent, qui est un modèle puissant pour la conception et l'implantation d'applications de transport. Pour répondre aux besoins de l’intégration de l’information des voyageurs, en particulier l’information individuelle, nous adoptons une approche centrée-environnement où l’environnement spatio-temporel multi-agent est l’interlocuteur des agents voyageurs et représente l’évolution dans le temps de l’état du réseau de transport en commun.Afin de tester notre simulateur dans un contexte réaliste de déplacement, nous utilisons les données réelles du réseau de Toulouse. Pour évaluer l’impact de la provision d’information voyageur sur le réseau, nous testons différents scénarios en fonction du pourcentage de voyageurs connectés représentés par des agents. Ces scénarios simulés sont analysés suivant leur impact sur les temps de parcours moyens des voyageurs, connectés et non connectés. Les résultats montrent que le nombre de voyageurs connectés a un impact positif sur les temps de parcours jusqu’à un certain seuil, au delà duquel l’impact devient relativement négatifTitle: Multiagent simulation of traveler information on transit networks.Abstract:With the generalization of real-time traveler information, the behavior of modern transport networks becomes harder to analyze and to predict. Advanced traveler Information systems play a major role in modern transportation system, mainly in case of disturbances, and the information is becoming more personalized and individual. Different phenomena such as over-saturation, concentration and over-reaction can be observed after the use of advanced traveler information systems. In fact, without control, the massive spread of information via billboards, radio announcements and individual guidance may have perverse effects and create new traffic jams. It is now critical to develop simulation tools for mobility policies makers, taking into account this new information environment to observe these effects and to consider the proper methods to deal with them.In this PHD work, we propose a multiagent simulation to measure the impact of information provision on the quality of passengers’ travels, notably in case of disturbances, taking into account a heterogeneous information environment. First, we design and implement a simulation to ensure travelers movement in a transit network. Then, we enrich our model to integrate traveler information system and to represent travelers equipped with smart phones. It allows us to evaluate separately personal and general information. To this end, we use the multi-agent paradigm, which is proven to be a powerful model to design and implement transportation applications. To deal with the integration of the traveler information system in the simulator, we adopt an environment-centered approach, where the space-time multiagent environment is the privileged interlocutor of the agents and represent the evolution of the transit network state over time.To test our simulator in a real context, we use real data on the city of Toulouse, France. To assess the impact of information provision, we simulate different scenarios in function of the percentage of connected travelers, represented as agents. These simulated scenarios are analyzed following their impact on the average travel times of the travelers (connected and no-connected). Results show that the number of connected travelers has a positive impact on overall travel times up until a certain threshold before becoming relatively negative
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Ngom-Dieng, Laina. "Rôle des croyances et des attentes dans l'acceptabilité des applications mobiles d'information voyageur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH003/document.
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Cette thèse aborde la problématique de l’adoption des systèmes d’information (SI), partant du problème posé par le déficit d’utilisation des applications mobiles d’information voyageur, applications pourtant conçues pour aider à résoudre les difficultés liées aux transports dans les sociétés modernes. Elle tente de répondre à la question de savoir quels facteurs peuvent favoriser l’utilisation des SI par leur public potentiel. Face à la suprématie de l’approche centrée ‘système’, donnant priorité au facteur technologique dans l’identification des déterminants de l’utilisation des SI, ce travail défend le point de vue selon lequel une approche psychosociale est mieux à même de mettre à jour les processus par lesquels les individus en viennent à utiliser ces systèmes. Dans ce cadre, le premier axe de cette recherche interroge le rôle des croyances dans l’adoption. Les résultats obtenus sous cet axe montrent que les modèles basés sur les croyances prédisent assez bien l’intention d’utilisation des SI prise comme indicateur d’adoption. Mais, ils montrent aussi les limites de ces modèles dans la prédiction de l’intention d’utilisation initiale, à l’étape de l’acceptabilité, une étape pré-adoptive stratégique où le seuil de la première expérience d’utilisation n’est pas encore franchi (étude 1). Cela pose la nécessité d’aller au-delà des croyances pour mieux cerner les déterminants de l’intention d’utilisation initiale. A cet effet, le second axe de cette recherche interroge le rôle des attentes dans l’adoption. Les résultats obtenus sous cet axe montrent que les attentes sont des prédicteurs performants des croyances pré-adoptives, et, au-delà, des prédicteurs directs de l’intention d’utilisation initiale (études 2 et 3). Ces résultats sont d’une grande portée théorique et empirique. Ils montrent que les attentes entrent en jeu directement dans l’explication de l’intention d’utilisation initiale, à l’étape pré-adoptive, quand celles-ci ont toujours été considérées comme opérantes uniquement à l’étape post-adoptive où leur infirmation/confirmation à l’issue d’une première expérience d’utilisation détermine le degré de satisfaction et l’intention de continuer l’utilisation. Au total, cette thèse amène un éclairage nouveau sur la façon dont les croyances et les attentes se mettent en scène le long du processus d’adoption, et pèsent de tout leur poids sur les décisions relatives à l’utilisation des SIThis thesis addresses the problem of information systems (IS) adoption, starting from the problem posed by the deficit in use of traveler information mobile applications, yet applications designed to help solve problems related to transport in modern societies. It attempts to answer the question of which factors may improve IS use in their potential audience. Given the supremacy of the system-centered approach giving priority to technological factor in identifying the determinants of IS use, this work defends the view that a psychosocial approach is better able to elicit the processes by which individuals come to use these systems. In this context, the first axis of this research examines the role of beliefs in adoption. The results obtained under this axis show that beliefs-based models predict quite well intention to use IS taken as an indicator of adoption. But they also show the limitations of these models in predicting initial use intention, at the acceptability stage, a strategic pre-adoptive stage when the threshold of the first experience of use is not yet crossed (study 1). This raises the need to go beyond beliefs to better understand the determinants of initial use intention. To this end, the second axis of this research questions the role of expectations in adoption. The results obtained under this axis show that expectations are powerful predictors of pre-adoptive beliefs, and, beyond, direct predictors of initial use intention (studies 2 and 3). These results are of great theoretical and empirical significance. They show that expectations are directly involved in the explanation of initial use intention at the pre-adoptive stage, when these have always been considered as operating only in the post-adoptive stage where their disconfirmation/confirmation after a first experience of use determines the degree of satisfaction and continued use intention. Overall, this thesis brings new light on how beliefs and expectations come into play along the adoption process, and weigh fully on decisions related to IS use
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Nguyen, Thai Phu. "Conception et application d'un modèle de l'information routière et ses effets sur le trafic." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626631.
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Les conditions de circulation sur un réseau routier subissent souvent de la congestion. Selon ses sources, la congestion routière peut être classée en deux catégories : la congestion récurrente déterminée par les lois de trafic et la congestion non-récurrente due aux incidents, accidents ou autres aléas sur la route. Grâce à l'avancement des technologies, notamment en informatique, communication et techniques de traitement des données, l'exploitant est devenu capable de détecter les perturbations, de mesurer les effets et même d'anticiper l'état du trafic afin de mieux adapter ses actions d'exploitation. L'information dynamique concernant les conditions de trafic permet aux usagers de réduire l'inconfort et d'effectuer leur choix d'itinéraire de manière plus raisonnable. Pour l'exploitant, le service d'information aux usagers peut servir à la gestion du trafic. Nous avons étudié la contribution potentielle de l'information dynamique au profit individuel des usagers et à la performance collective du système en prenant en compte : i) la congestion récurrente et non-récurrente ; ii) des différents comportements de choix d'itinéraire en fonction de l'accessibilité à l'information ; iii) d'autres actions de gestion du trafic menées par l'exploitant. Un modèle théorique avec une application analytique sur un réseau élémentaire de deux routes parallèles, une paire origine-destination et deux classes d'usagers respectivement informée ou non-informée nous a permis de retirer de nombreuses indications : i) la diffusion excessive de l'information avec un contenu " neutre " dégrade à la fois le profit individuel et la performance du système ; ii) l'information dynamique avec certain contenu " coopératif " peut contribuer l'optimisation du système sans causer le problème d'acceptabilité ; iii) l'information dynamique et d'autres mesures de gestion dynamique s'interagissent de manière complémentaire à l'optimisation du trafic
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Neyadi, Suhail Al. "The feasibility of establishing a ministry of tourism in the United Arab Emirates." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2253.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the various events that would attract tourists, and develop strategies that would reach the target market to increase tourism in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), formerly known as the Trucial States prior to 1971.
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Ahmed, Mohamed. "Multi-Level Safety Performance Functions for High Speed Facilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5091.
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High speed facilities are considered the backbone of any successful transportation system; Interstates, freeways, and expressways carry the majority of daily trips on the transportation network. Although these types of roads are relatively considered the safest among other types of roads, they still experience many crashes, many of which are severe, which not only affect human lives but also can have tremendous economical and social impacts. These facts signify the necessity of enhancing the safety of these high speed facilities to ensure better and efficient operation. Safety problems could be assessed through several approaches that can help in mitigating the crash risk on long and short term basis. Therefore, the main focus of the research in this dissertation is to provide a framework of risk assessment to promote safety and enhance mobility on freeways and expressways. Multi-level Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) were developed at the aggregate level using historical crash data and the corresponding exposure and risk factors to identify and rank sites with promise (hot-spots). Additionally, SPFs were developed at the disaggregate level utilizing real-time weather data collected from meteorological stations located at the freeway section as well as traffic flow parameters collected from different detection systems such as Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) and Remote Traffic Microwave Sensors (RTMS). These disaggregate SPFs can identify real-time risks due to turbulent traffic conditions and their interactions with other risk factors. In this study, two main datasets were obtained from two different regions. Those datasets comprise historical crash data, roadway geometrical characteristics, aggregate weather and traffic parameters as well as real-time weather and traffic data. At the aggregate level, Bayesian hierarchical models with spatial and random effects were compared to Poisson models to examine the safety effects of roadway geometrics on crash occurrence along freeway sections that feature mountainous terrain and adverse weather. At the disaggregate level; a main framework of a proactive safety management system using traffic data collected from AVI and RTMS, real-time weather and geometrical characteristics was provided. Different statistical techniques were implemented. These techniques ranged from classical frequentist classification approaches to explain the relationship between an event (crash) occurring at a given time and a set of risk factors in real time to other more advanced models. Bayesian statistics with updating approach to update beliefs about the behavior of the parameter with prior knowledge in order to achieve more reliable estimation was implemented. Also a relatively recent and promising Machine Learning technique (Stochastic Gradient Boosting) was utilized to calibrate several models utilizing different datasets collected from mixed detection systems as well as real-time meteorological stations. The results from this study suggest that both levels of analyses are important, the aggregate level helps in providing good understanding of different safety problems, and developing policies and countermeasures to reduce the number of crashes in total. At the disaggregate level, real-time safety functions help toward more proactive traffic management system that will not only enhance the performance of the high speed facilities and the whole traffic network but also provide safer mobility for people and goods. In general, the proposed multi-level analyses are useful in providing roadway authorities with detailed information on where countermeasures must be implemented and when resources should be devoted. The study also proves that traffic data collected from different detection systems could be a useful asset that should be utilized appropriately not only to alleviate traffic congestion but also to mitigate increased safety risks. The overall proposed framework can maximize the benefit of the existing archived data for freeway authorities as well as for road users.ID: 031988164; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Osti, Linda. "Travel guidebooks and the independent traveller in the Asia Pacific Region." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1496/.
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The constant increase in the number of independent travellers has prompted the need for accurate and reliable information to plan holidays and to evaluate on-site activities. In organising and undertaking independent tours, travellers face the challenge of searching useful information about the destinations they are visiting. Specifically, potential tourists have a need for information with the purpose of reducing risks associated with the consumption of tourism services. It is clear that information acquisition is necessary both for selecting a destination and for on-site decisions. However, values, beliefs and attitudes influence the levels and types of information needed, and therefore may impact on the levels and types of information sought. The purpose of this research is to investigate the need for information by independent travellers. This research has examined on-site information needs and search with a specific focus on travel guidebooks. A cross cultural approach has been taken and travellers from Japan, Korea, China, and North America have been surveyed. This research is quantitative in nature and the data have been analysed through the use of factor analysis and structural equation modelling. This research has demonstrated that travel guidebooks are an aid in reducing risks associated with travelling independently, and they play a positive role in the recent tourism trend of a shift away from mass tourism towards independent tourism. This research has also demonstrated that cultural background is a determinant in the types of information searched and in the use of travel guidebooks while travelling. This research has provided a contribution to current theories of consumer behaviour, with specific focus on independent tourism and information needs. This study also enables unbiased discussion on the possible directions for travel guidebook publishers to be successful in the Asian market.
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Hsien, Shen-Tien, and 謝伸典. "Distributed GIS-T for WWW Traveler Information System." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85592224208447181894.
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碩士朝陽大學
資訊管理系碩士班
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This research proposes a distributed Geographic Information System in Transportation (GIS-T) framework to be used as the resource for a World Wide Web (WWW) Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS). ATIS, one of the major domains of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), can employ visual and auditory presentations to aid tripmakers in planning their travel. However, in an ATIS, traffic related data and information might be organized and maintained by several authorities, thus how to provide data sharing among different computer systems, is critical to the success of ATIS. Due to the advance of network and communication techniques, a WWW-based interface is adopted in travel information systems. Users can access the system via WWW, select appropriate input parameters, and then obtain the query results from the WWW browser. Furthermore, the distributed GIS-T framework is constructed to integrate different data sets from a variety of sources. The framework utilizes the concept of distributed systems and capabilities of CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) to design objects and dynamically updated travel-related information in order to provide tripmakers with up-to-date information.