Journal articles on the topic 'Travelers'
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1
Kamoliddin, Shamsiddin. "Travel through the Empire of Bukhara or Uzbekistan." Uzbekistan:language and culture 5, no. 4 (December 10, 2022): 100–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2022.4/zhvb5587.
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Many travelers from Europe came to Iran, Central Asia and India in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the European travelers who traveled through Central Asia and wrote down detailed information about the peoples of the region was the Greek traveler Vassilios Vatatzis, who traveled for many еars from 1708 through the countries of Europe and Asia. Vasilio Vatazzi’s travelogue, Periegetikon (“Travels”), written in poetic Greek, is one of the rarest and least studied sources. His journey through Central Asia in 1727 – 1730 is especially important for us. In 1886, the main contents of the travelogue were abridged in French in prose. Recently, its English translation was done in the same way. But despite this, this travelogue and the valuable information in it are still unknown to scientists of Central Asia, including Uzbekistan. Below is a summary of the main content of this travelogue. The information given in the travelogue is compared with the traveler’s comments on the map of Central Asia.
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Azizah, Siti Nur, Putu Ayu Asri Damayanti, and I. Made Sudarmaja. "Characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea in Foreign Traveler’s Visiting Beaches in Badung Regency, Bali." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240217.
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Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) is a common infectious disease impacting travelers from developed countries who visit developing countries, such as Indonesia. Reporting of Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) cases in Indonesia is still low, especially in Bali. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) in foreign travelers visiting beaches in Badung Regency, Bali. This study used cross sectional descriptive method in collecting data. The population was all foreign travelers visiting eight beaches in Badung Regency, Bali. In this study 61 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate statistics. The majority of respondents were European females (70,5%), aged 26-35 (41%), from Germany (11,5%), visiting Bali for tourism (80,3%), their first time in Southeast Asia (47,5%) and Bali (45,9%). Predominant diarrhea characteristics included 3-4 bowel movements per day (75,4%), loose stool consintency (59%) accompanied by abdominal cramps (41%), lasting 1-7 days (96,7%), a single episode (73,8%). Most managed Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) with medication (63,2%) and continued their travels (80,3%), consumed vegetable salad (50,8%), consumed overnight food (91,8%), consumed raw meat (80,3%) and drank tap water (95,1%). This study suggest that Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) is prevalent among foreign travelers visiting beaches in Badung Regency, Bali with key factors being the absence of pre-travel consultations, consumption of drinks with ice and vegetables salad. Keywords: Traveler’s Diarrhea, TD, Foreign Traveler, Characteristic
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Zhang, Guan, Zhu, and Zhu. "Analysis of Travel Mode Choice Behavior Considering the Indifference Threshold." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 5495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195495.
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An effective way to optimize traffic structures is by changing travel costs, thereby moving travelers from private transportation to public transportation. However, according to the existing studies, the traveler will not transfer from one mode to another unless the change in travel utility is greater than the indifference threshold. Therefore, the “indifference threshold” is one of the most important factors influencing a traveler’s choice of behavior. This study defines the “indifference threshold” as the traveler’s sensitivity to changes in travel utilities. In the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a structural equation model (SEM) considering the indifference threshold is established to analyze a traveler’s mode choice behavior. The analysis results showed that a travelers’ sensitivity to changes in travel utilities has the greatest impact on mode-choice behavior intentions and mode choice behavior. Perceptual behavior control has the strongest influence on travel choice behavior. In addition, in order to further explore the heterogeneity of a traveler’s behavior, the travelers were subdivided into four types, by establishing a latent class model (LCM) considering the indifference threshold. Finally, different traffic management suggestions are proposed for different types of travelers.
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Chan, Grace Suk Ha, Anna Chun-Hsuan Hsiao, and Irini Lai Fun Tang. "Word of Mouth Communication Influence of Online Hotel Room Reservation Confirmation: Case Study of Individual Travelers in Hong Kong." International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, no. 3 (May 29, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n3p76.
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Hong Kong residents tend to spend their holidays by traveling overseas; hence, they reserve hotels online. Moreover, low-cost carriers have become popular and common, thereby resulting in an increase in the number of individual travelers. Accordingly, the online hotel industry can no longer ignore the potential segment of individual travelers. In addition, word of mouth (WOM) is significant in the decision-making process because of the development of Web 2.0. and Travel 3.0. Furthermore, previous studies were analyzed and only a few focus on the individual traveler perspectives on purchasing hotel reservations online. However, individual travelers have different culture and values compared with the public; the former has its own lifestyle, consumer behavior, and ego. Therefore, the investigation of individual travelers when purchasing hotel reservations online is a valuable research topic. Under all situations, WOM has become one of the crucial factors upon which individual travelers base their travel planning and decision. This study used the interpretivist approach to investigate the respondents’ experiences and views for exploring and understanding individual traveler’s perception. The current study adopted qualitative research toward the effects of WOM communication on purchasing hotel reservations online. To investigate the topic, in-depth interviews were conducted on 15 respondents who are individual travelers and travel alone. The interviews followed a semi-structured format using open-ended questions. Descriptive research was designed to gather the findings. In addition, this study provided the effects of WOM communication on purchasing hotel reservations online from the perspective of an individual traveler. New findings, effects of WOM from an individual traveler’s perspective, and recommendations are provided, thereby providing significant guidance to industrial practitioners to improve and formulate marketing strategies.
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Sundqvist, Joachim, Ute Walter, and Agneta Hörnell. "Eat, Sleep, Fly, Repeat: Meal Patterns Among Swedish Business Travelers." Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/216929719x15736343324841.
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Over half of the annual guests at Swedish hotels are supplied by the corporate sector. These guests are made up of individuals who travel for meetings, conferences, or presentations as a part of their job. Access to meals while travelling is essential and introduces added complexity to business travelers' everyday lives. These meals, and the pattern in which they are consumed, are part of the individual traveler's personal and group identities. Therefore, the aim of this article is to study if business travelers deviate from their habitual meal patterns and, if so, what changes they make. To further the understanding of this group's meal patterns, a questionnaire was created and distributed. It was answered by 538 self-identified business travelers. These business travelers were made up of three groups: solo travelers, group travelers, and individuals who traveled both in groups as well as alone. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze differences in actions related to the meal pattern between groups. The analysis showed that changes in the meal pattern did occur in some instances. However, the majority of the business travelers adhered to their habitual meal pattern while adjusting their behavior depending on the time of day. Managers of catering suppliers gaining insight into the meal habits of business travelers could help to ease an otherwise stressful situation by supplying meals, as a context, that fit with the business traveler's habitual patterns and meal contexts.
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Mustofa, Andi, Wening Udasmoro, and Sri Ratna Saktimulya. "Writing the Self: Interior Voyage in 19th Century French Travel Writing." Journal of Language and Literature 23, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v23i1.4844.
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Travel is a momentum to look inside that influences the travelers' existence, along with meeting and interacting with others. The self as a traveler experiences internal dynamics reflected in the travel writings. This paper analyzes five French travel writings to reveal the self-construction of travelers who explored the East in the 19th century. The analysis results show that travelers’ self-construction is divided into Enlightenment or Romantic subjects and true travelers or travelers as tourists. The Enlightenment subject prioritizes facts and empirical knowledge outside of the self for the broader interest. In contrast, the Romantic subject puts forward subjective and emotional attitudes in dealing with and narrating others used for personal gain. True travelers look for difficulties in other places to prove themselves in conquering the challenges. Travelers as tourists try to avoid the obstacles by seeking safety and comfort during the trip. The East as a travel destination is a space that offers difficulties in constructing and legitimizing the traveler's self-image with the attributes that society expects, such as courage and persistence. The five French travelers, both Enlightenment or Romantic subjects and true travelers or tourists, had various knowledge of the others due to factors such as the purpose of the trip, profession, social status, and duration of the trip. Knowledge of the others and self-disclosure narrated in travel writings manifest the French travelers’ power to control and manage themselves and represent the Other.
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Wani, Swapnil. "TourBuddy: A Tour Guide." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 3330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59657.
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Abstract: The tourism industry heavily relies on effective communication and personalized recommendations to cater to diverse traveler needs. In recent years, chatbots have emerged as a promising solution to deliver real-time assistance and tailored suggestions to travelers. The chatbot, which makes use of cutting-edge natural language processing and machine learning algorithms, can comprehend customer inquiries in a variety of languages and offer pertinent details about local businesses, travel, lodging, and attractions. In addition, the chatbot's effectiveness and user satisfaction are assessed for various language groups through user testing and feedback analysis. The findings show that the multilingual tourist chatbot improves traveller engagement and pleasure by efficiently handling language obstacles, making personalised recommendations, and giving travellers insightful information
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Jevinger, Åse, and Jan Persson. "Potentials of Context-Aware Travel Support during Unplanned Public Transport Disturbances." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061649.
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Travel support for public transport today usually takes no or little account of the traveler’s personal needs and current context. Thereby, travelers are often suggested irrelevant travel plans, which may force them to search for information from other sources. In particular, this is a problem during unplanned disturbances. By incorporating the traveler’s context information into the travel support, travelers could be provided with individually tailored information. This would especially benefit travelers who find it more difficult than others to navigate the public transport system. Furthermore, it might raise the accessibility and general attractiveness of public transport. This paper contributes with an understanding of how information about the traveler’s context can enhance the support provided by travel planners, in the case of disturbances in public transport. In particular, the paper includes a high-level analysis of how and in which situations context information can be useful. The analysis shows how information about the traveler’s context can improve travel planners, as well as highlights some risks in relation to some identified scenarios. Several technologies for retrieving information about the physical context of the traveler are also identified. The study is based on a literature review, a workshop, and interviews with domain experts.
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Smahel, Thomas. "Airport Features Most Likely to Affect International Traveler Satisfaction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2626, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2626-05.
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The number of international travelers traveling through U.S. airports is increasing because of the proliferation of longer-range aircraft, expanding global alliances, and a growing middle class from developing nations. Each international airport has a unique design, and many international travelers experience difficulty finding their way in unfamiliar airports. The wayfinding task is made more difficult when combined with other factors such as traveler anxiety, jet lag, and unfamiliarity with the local language and culture. To understand better the challenges faced by international travelers, a literature review, a human factors task analysis, and an international traveler intercept survey were carried out to determine traveler needs, expectations, and key factors that affect traveler satisfaction with an airport. Four traveler surveys were developed and administered to different traveler groups. Surveys were administered at the eight U.S. gateway airports with the most international travelers. Some key findings were as follows: ( a) all traveler groups identified easy wayfinding as being the most important airport feature, with travelers transferring between two flights rating it highest; ( b) in comparison to other traveler groups, arriving travelers rated short walking distance as being much more important than other features; ( c) travelers making a connection between two international flights did not expect that they would need to collect and recheck their bags while in transit; ( d) travelers making a connection between two international flights had the lowest overall satisfaction as compared with the other traveler groups; and ( e) only one-third of travelers making a connection between two international flights had a positive experience with the walking distance between flights.
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Angskun, Thara, and Jitimon Angskun. "A qualitative attraction ranking model for personalized recommendations." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-09-2016-0047.
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Purpose This paper aims to find a way to personalize attraction recommendations for travelers. The research objective is to find a more accurate way to suggest new attractions to each traveler based on the opinions of other like-minded travelers and the traveler’s preferences. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the goal, developers have created a personalized system to generate attraction recommendations. The system considers an individual traveler’s preferences to construct a qualitative attraction ranking model. The new ranking model is the result of blending two processes: K-means clustering and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Findings The performance of the developed recommendation system has been assessed by measuring the accuracy and scalability of the ranking model of the system. The experimental results indicate that the ranking model always returns accurate results independent of the number of attractions and the number of travelers in each cluster. The ranking model has also proved to be scalable because the processing time is independent of the numbers of travelers. Additionally, the results reveal that the overall system usability is at a very satisfactory level. Research limitations/implications The main theoretical implication is that integrating the processes of K-means and AHP techniques enables a new qualitative ranking model for personalized recommendations that deliver only high-quality attractions. However, the designed recommendation system has some limitations. First, it is necessary to manually update information about the new tourist attractions. Second, the overall response time depends on the internet bandwidth and latency. Practical implications This research contributes to the tourism business and individual travelers by introducing an accurate and scalable way to suggest new attractions to each traveler. The potential benefit includes possible increased revenue for travel agencies that offer personalized package tours and support individual travelers to make the final travel decisions. The designed system could also integrate with itinerary planning systems to plot out a journey that pinpoints what travelers will most enjoy. Originality/value This research proposes a design and implementation of a personalized recommendation system based on the qualitative attraction ranking model introduced in this article. The novel ranking model is designed and developed by integrating K-means and AHP techniques, which has proved to be accurate and scalable.
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YOUNG UM, MEE, ERIC RICE, HARMONY RHOADES, HAILEY WINETROBE, and NATALIE BRACKEN. "Influence of “traveling” youth and substance use behaviors in the social networks of homeless youth." Network Science 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2015.32.
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AbstractTraveling homeless youth (i.e., youth who migrate from city to city, after a short period of time) exhibit elevated levels of risky substance use behaviors compared to non-traveling youth. Using sociometric data, we examined the characteristics of homeless youth who are connected to at least one traveler and how at least one connection to travelers was associated with substance use of travelers and non-travelers. Data were collected from 386 homeless youth at two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, CA. Results indicated that, comparing to what would be expected by chance, youth who reported at least one connection to travelers were more likely to use substances, more travelers reported at least one tie to another traveler, and more substance-using travelers reported at least one tie to other substance-using travelers. Multivariate analyses revealed that binge drinking and marijuana use were associated with homeless youth reporting connections to at least one substance-using traveler. Injection drug use was associated with reporting at least one connection to an injection drug user, regardless of traveler status, once we controlled for demographic characteristics and traveler status. We suggest the need for substance-using traveler-specific services using brief one-on-one interventions to prevent further engagement in risky substance use.
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Pütz, Ole. "How Strangers Initiate Conversations: Interactions on Public Trains in Germany." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 47, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 426–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241617697792.
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This article considers how strangers who use public transportation initiate conversations and how disruptions of the transportation system affect interactions among strangers. How conversations are initiated has rarely been discussed in the literature because the majority of research takes the initiation of talk for granted. Building on Goffman, the article tests two hypotheses that explain how strangers initiate conversations. The first hypothesis states that travelers rely on interactional rituals if they have to talk with others because of a rule against opening talk with strangers, a rule that can be relaxed if travelers are faced with disruptive events. The second hypothesis states that a conversation can be initiated without introductory remarks if a traveler’s focus of attention is discernible to another traveler, irrespective of the circumstances travelers find themselves in. I argue that the latter hypothesis better explains how strangers initiate conversations and discuss how this finding may be generalized.
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Liu, Henry X., Xuegang Ban, Bin Ran, and Pitu Mirchandani. "Formulation and Solution Algorithm for Fuzzy Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (January 2003): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-13.
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An issue that is always important in the development of traffic assignment models is how travelers' perceptions of travel time should be modeled. Because travelers rarely have perfect knowledge of the road network or of the travel conditions, they choose routes on the basis of their perceived travel times. Traditionally, travelers' perceived travel times are treated as random variables, leading to the stochastic traffic assignment problem. However, uncertain factors are also observed in the subjective recognition of travel times by travelers, and these can be illustrated as fuzzy variables. Therefore, a fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model that takes into account the imprecision and the uncertainties in the route choice process is proposed. By modeling the expressions of perceived travel times as fuzzy variables, this model makes possible the description of a traveler's process of choosing a route that is more accurate and realistic than those from its deterministic or stochastic counter parts. The fuzzy perceived link travel time and fuzzy perceived path travel time are defined, and a fuzzy shortest path algorithm is used to find the group of fuzzy shortest paths and to assign traffic to each of them by using the so-called C-logit method. The results of the proposed model are also compared with those from the stochastic dynamic traffic assignment model, and it is demonstrated that the impact of advanced traveler information systems on the traveler's route choice process can be readily incorporated into the proposed model.
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Morosan, Cristian. "Voluntary Steps toward Air Travel Security." Journal of Travel Research 51, no. 4 (November 3, 2011): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287511418368.
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Using a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model, this study examines travelers’ voluntary adoption of registered traveler biometric systems. Such systems have important consequences for general air travel security, while improving the experiences of registered travelers. This study shows that air travelers’ intentions to use registered traveler biometric systems are influenced by their attitudes toward these systems, which in turn are strongly affected by their perceptions of usefulness, privacy, and to a lesser extent, by ease of use. This study also establishes the critical roles of perceived security and innovativeness toward information technology as indirect antecedents of travelers’ intentions to use registered traveler biometric systems.
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Adler, Thomas, C. Stacey Falzarano, and Gregory Spitz. "Modeling Service Trade-Offs in Air Itinerary Choices." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1915, no. 1 (January 2005): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191500103.
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The application of a mixed logit approach using stated-preference survey data to the development of itinerary choice models is described. The models include the effects on itinerary choices of airline, airport, aircraft type, fare, access time, flight time, scheduled arrival time, and on-time performance. The empirical results demonstrate the importance of explicitly accounting for traveler preference heterogeneities by using segmentation by trip purpose, interaction effects involving frequent flier status, and random parameter specifications. Explicitly including preference heterogeneity by using the mixed logit specification results in significant statistical improvements and important coefficient differences as compared with using a standard fixed-parameter logit model. The calculated marginal rates of substitution show the relative importance that travelers assign to key service variations among itineraries. All service features that were included in the model had significant values to travelers, and the values were affected, as would be expected, by the traveler's frequent flier status. Although current reservation and ticketing services provide information to prospective travelers on most of these itinerary features, most services do not report on-time performance, which, however, can be an important selection criterion for travelers.
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Ya'cob, Siti Aishah, and Huong Kui Sieng. "The Features of Online Tourism Information towards Young Traveler Satisfaction: A Case of Kuching the City of Unity." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.17824.
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Nowadays, online information serves many functions. Despite solely for shopping purposes, the online platform has tremendously served the worldwide community for information search related to travelling. Hence, the features of online information are critically important to be investigated, in understanding the factors that lead to traveler satisfaction. This study investigates the features of online tourism information that lead to satisfaction of the domestic travelers from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah to Kuching city of Sarawak Borneo. This study proposes two factors, namely credibility of information and segmentation of information. There was a total of 247 sets of questionnaires completed by domestic travelers who visited Kuching city in the year 2015. It is evident that both credibility and segmentation of online tourism information have significant and positive relationships towards traveler satisfaction. In short, the findings of this study offer a clearer view on the credibility and segmentation of online tourism information from domestic traveler’s viewpoint.
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Erovichenkov, А. A., N. Yu Pshenichnaya, A. A. Ishmukhametov, A. V. Gorelov, and V. G. Akimkin. "Travelers' Diarrhea: Resolved and Unresolved Issues." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-3-118-128.
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Relevance. Travel diarrhea is the most common health problem in travelers, affecting up to 70% of travelers, especially when traveling to developing countries. Research and development of scientific and practical approaches to the prevention, risk assessment and treatment of travelers' diarrhea continues to be the focus of attention of specialists in the field of epidemiology, infectious diseases and travel medicine around the world.Aim of the study: systematization and synthesis of new data on various clinical and epidemiological aspects of travelers' diarrhea.Conclusion. Analysis of modern scientific literature has made it possible to identify the risks for travelers associated with the direction of travel and the state of their own health. The highest risk of developing traveler's diarrhea (from 20% to 90%) is recorded in people visiting the countries of the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa. There is a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea in children under 4 years of age. The causative agents of acute bacterial intestinal infections can account for up to 80% -90% of all cases of travelers' diarrhea. In most cases, travelers' diarrhea is mild. Seeking medical care is observed from 5% to 15% of cases. For etiotropic therapy, the use of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs is recommended. Recommendations for self-management of traveler's diarrhea have been formulated. Pre-trip travel advice will help reduce the risks of travelers' diarrhea.
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Kasbaum, Marie, Catalina V. Lizarraga, Alejandro De la Hoz, Jinnethe Reyes, and Cesar A. Arias. "1670. Access to Antibiotics Without Prescription for Travelers and Colombian Citizens at Community Pharmacies in Bogotá, Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1534.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens often emerge in communities where antibiotics are frequently sold without prescriptions. In Colombia, nonprescription sale of antibiotics still occurs despite national regulations. Use of antimicrobials in international travelers has been linked to the rapid dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens around the globe. Despite the exponential increase of international visitors to Colombia recently, there is a notable lack of studies investigating the accessibility of antibiotics to foreign travelers without prescriptions in Colombian pharmacies. Methods This cross-sectional study compares the access to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies between travelers from the United States and local Colombian citizens in Bogotá. Both groups visited 91 pharmacies and conducted trials as covert simulated clients (SCs). The SCs followed a standardized script when interacting with pharmacy personnel, acting as though they were seeking antibiotics for moderate Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD), without a prescription. Data were gathered on the employees’ responses, including the level of “prompting” needed for an employee to offer antibiotics, reasons given to the SCs for refusing to sell antibiotics if no sale was offered, and generic brand of compounds offered. Results Antibiotics were offered to the US travelers in 62 (68.13%) pharmacies, and to the Colombian group in 57 (62.64%) pharmacies. The traveler group was significantly more likely than the comparator group to be offered antibiotics without any prompting (P = 0.003). When pharmacy employees refused to sell antibiotics during trials, the traveler group was significantly more likely to be given a clinical reason not to receive antibiotics. Refusal to Colombian citizens was more frequently due legal reasons (P < 0.001). Conclusion Antibiotics were accessible without prescriptions at similarly high frequencies, regardless of the customers’ nationality. The US travelers were more likely than the Colombian group to be offered antibiotics without needing to prompt the pharmacist. Additionally, pharmacists were much more likely to deny antibiotics to the Colombian group due to legal reasons, as opposed to clinical reasons for US travelers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Lim, Bryan Chang Wei, and Gerard Thomas Flaherty. "Leaving Light Footprints – the Importance of Promoting Responsible International Travel." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2018.18.
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Irresponsible travel has the potential to harm both the traveler and the host destination. The subject of responsible travel is a major focus of the International Society of Travel Medicine, whose Responsible Travel special interest group has been very active in providing leadership for travel medicine practitioners in relation to the protection of local travel destination communities. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility to safeguard the dual interests of travelers and their hosts. This can be achieved by drawing the traveler’s attention to examples of irresponsible tourism during the pre-travel consultation. This perspective article aims to explore various aspects of irresponsible travel, including environmental damage travelers may cause; medical tourism and its impact on both the home and destination health service; voluntourism involving poorly prepared volunteers interacting with vulnerable communities in the host country; and sex tourism, including prostitution and child trafficking. Further research is needed to better understand the attitudes of travelers, travel health professionals, and the travel industry towards responsible tourism and to overcome barriers to its implementation.
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Brown, Anne E., Brian D. Taylor, and Martin Wachs. "The Boy Who Cried Wolf? Media Messaging and Traveler Responses to “Carmageddon” in Los Angeles." Public Works Management & Policy 22, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x16643544.
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One of the most heavily traveled freeways in the United States closed for construction over weekends in 2011 and 2012. Some public officials publicized the closures by appealing to civic pride whereas others threatened nightmarish delays they dubbed “Carmageddon.” In 2011, contrary to many media predictions, traffic flowed freely at volumes far below normal levels. Our analysis finds that travelers did not switch routes, modes, or trip timing, but instead forewent thousands of trips. Travel behavior changes were far more modest and mixed during the second closure in 2012. Although the lack of traffic problems surprised many public officials, we find traveler responses to both events congruent with past research. Traveler responses to the first event were more dramatic but short-lived, while more modest but durable responses to the second event suggest that travelers learned from, and were perhaps jaded by, the histrionics surrounding the first closure.
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Rahmasari, Farindira Vesti, Cahya Damarjati, Dita Ria Selvyana, Mallika Imwong, and Andhika Sahadewa. "Traveler-Related Mobile Application for Infectious Disease Self-Monitoring." Journal Infectology 16, no. 2 (July 10, 2024): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-98-105.
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Traveler apps for mobile devices such as smartphones are becoming more widely available. This study aimed to identify traveler infectious disease self-monitoring implementation strategies on a mobile application. It analyzed 73 journals from the PubMed database using the descriptive-analytic method. The records used in this exploration study were those released between 2018 and 2023 that were collected based on the keywords “travelers’ application;” or “infectious disease”. Data analysis was conducted using the VOS viewer software analytical tools.According to the findings; studies on traveler application domination with pandemic COVID-19 travel apps used. The study on mobile applications for traveler applications on infectious disease revealed four clusters of dominant themes: information about the COVID-19 outbreak; application related to diagnosis for travelers; measurement community mortality and risk; and respondent risk assessment. This study also looked at research patterns throughout time. Current research themes concern travel risk applications that can raise people’s knowledge of endemic areas; health risk avoidance; and early identification of infectious illness signs to recommend beginning management. Through bibliometric analysis and network visualization; the researchers summarized current developments in infectious disease for traveler’s research to shed light on their research frontier; trends; and hot themes. These findings could be useful for future research and views in this quickly evolving subject.
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Tsai, Ping-Heng, Chia-Chi Hsaio, Yan-Ru Li, and Chun-Chieh Lin. "Clustering Travelers’ Lifestyle Destination Image from Five Asian Traveler-Generated Content." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 5887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075887.
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This study examines the destination image and lifestyle experience via traveler-generated comments. To understand the travelers’ behavior, we first established a crawler, which helps us to gather the travelers’ comments from tourism social media. After conducting a content analysis, text mining, and factor analysis of a sampling of 23,019 travelers’ comments, this study found that travelers based on their activities and experiences constructed their image. Additionally, we also found that the travelers’ emotions and impressions showed up with their images. From the result of factor analysis, we extract the 13 clustering results and perform the one-way ANOVA with Scheffe’s method to compare the difference among each group. Finally, we used the related sentences to draw a relation map to explain the inner difference between travelers. This study’s results suggest that traveler-generated comments can be especially useful for destination image analysis and market segments in tourism marketing and management. This study also highlights the importance of understanding destination image and marketing segment from the travelers’ comments and challenges for those in tourism marketing to narrow the gap.
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Marini, Sri, Lu'Luwatin Rosdiana Aprilia, and Amalia Juliana Monika Intan. "Tren Solo Traveler Dalam Minat Berwisata Di Era New Normal: Perspektif Generasi Milenial." Barista : Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Pariwisata 9, no. 02 (December 28, 2022): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34013/barista.v9i02.837.
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The easing of the pandemic conditions brought an opportunity for the tourism industry to start to rise from adversity. Social restrictions during the pandemic are slowly shifting to patterns of life in the new normal era. Behavior in the social order began to experience new adaptations, as well as in terms of travel. Previously, tourists tended to be in groups or in groups when carrying out travel activities, which changed with this new normal era. Solo traveler is a new trend in the world of tourism for reasons of safety and health. A self-contained experience with nature-based attractions that mostly resonate with millennial travelers. A solo traveler is a traveler who travels alone, even though the trip will establish new relationships with other people. Generation Y, also known as the millennial generation, is an actor in solo travelers where this generation has unique characteristics in lifestyle, attitudes, and a tendency to be open to all new sources of information. The emergence of the millennial generation is marked by the process of globalization that gave birth to gadgets. The formulation of the research problem is what is the trend of solo travelers from the perspective of the millennial generation and how is their interest in traveling in the new normal era. The purpose of this research is to explore the trends and interests of solo travelers from the perspective of the millennial generation in traveling on its period. Key informants in this study were internal informants from 3 managers from the selected tourism industry, as well as external informants, namely 15 solo travelers from the millennial generation aged 20-30 years as eligible sources who have roles as students, early jobbers or young parents to provide information. information about interest in traveling in the new normal era from each tourist attraction. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis which is carried out interactively through the process of data reduction, data display, and verification. The results show that the tourist interest of solo travelers from the millennial generation is a potential niche for tourism managers and developers, especially in the new normal era which focuses on the revival of tourism
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Ryder, Andrew Richard. "Big bang localism and gypsies and travelers." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2011): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2011.02.02.
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The paper explores how the UK planning system has impacted on Gypsies and Travelers and is partly based upon evidence and conclusions made by the Panel Review of Coalition Government Policy on Gypsies and Travellers which was particularly interested in Coalition Government localist policy. There are differing interpretations of what ’localism’ is but one adherent of localism has described the brand as espoused by a section of Conservatives as ’big bang localism’ (Jenkins, 2004). A dogma of radical decentralisation which some would argue has permeated the Coalition Government. As is evidenced in the paper the Coalition’s localist policies could have a profound effect on Gypsy and Traveler site provision and race relations. However, localism is not a new phenomena it is a policy which has been applied to Gypsy and Traveler site provision in the past and has alternated with more centralised measures which could be described as ’statist’.
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Leung, Alexander K. C., Amy A. M. Leung, Alex H. C. Wong, and Kam L. Hon. "Travelers’ Diarrhea: A Clinical Review." Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 13, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872213x13666190514105054.
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Background: Travelers’ diarrhea is the most common travel-related malady. It affects millions of international travelers to developing countries annually and can significantly disrupt travel plans. Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. Methods: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term “traveler’s diarrhea”. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. Patents were searched using the key term “traveler’s diarrhea” from www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Between 10% and 40% of travelers develop diarrhea. The attack rate is highest for travelers from a developed country who visit a developing country. Children are at particular risk. Travelers’ diarrhea is usually acquired through ingestion of food and water contaminated by feces. Most cases are due to a bacterial pathogen, commonly, Escherichia coli, and occur within the first few days after arrival in a foreign country. Dehydration is the most common complication. Pretravel education on hygiene and on the safe selection of food items is important in minimizing episodes. For mild travelers’ diarrhea, the use of antibiotic is not recommended. The use of bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide may be considered. For moderate travelers’ diarrhea, antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, and rifaximin may be used. Loperamide may be considered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. For severe travelers’ diarrhea, antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and rifaximin should be used. Azithromycin can be used even for the treatment of dysentery whereas fluoroquinolones and rifaximin cannot be used for such purpose. Recent patents related to the management of travelers’ diarrhea are discussed. Conclusion: Although travelers’ diarrhea is usually self-limited, many travelers prefer expedient relief of diarrhea, especially when they are traveling for extended periods by air or ground. Judicious use of an antimotility agent and antimicrobial therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea.
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Pai, Wang, Hsu, Lin, and Chen. "On Ontology-Based Tourist Knowledge Representation and Recommendation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235097.
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In the rapid development of the information technology age, many travelers search for travel articles through the Internet. These travel articles include the experience and knowledge of traveler, which can be used as a reference for tourism planning and attraction selection. At present, the most travel experience and knowledge is available in online travel reviews (OTR). OTR and eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth) contain a lot of knowledge of consumers and travelers. Many travelers often look for OTR content through virtual communities, blogs, and search engine, but the search results often cause information overload problems. In addition, through virtual communities, blogs, and search engines, an OTR search still requires using keywords. However, most travelers cannot know the name of the attraction; therefore, travelers cannot use the correct keywords to search. That causes travelers to be unable to get enough information from OTR and unable to make the best travel plan. Therefore, this study focuses on the ontology-based tourist knowledge representation and recommendation method. And the study is to search for popular attractions from the OTR content and construct a tourist knowledge structure for these travelers. When the tourists do not need to know the keywords of the popular attraction name, they just need to get their current location; and then ORT content will recommend the next attraction to the traveler, which helps the traveler make the correct travel decision. The evaluation result showed that the method proposed in this study can help the travelers to quickly make the travel decision and is better than the traditional searching methods.
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Hassan, Siti Hasnah, Thurasamy Ramayah, and Muhammad Imran Qureshi. "Elucidating Well-Being Measurement from the Wellness Perspective of Religious Travelers." World 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world4010012.
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The holistic conceptions of multi-dimensional well-being that synergize the constructs that capture all elements of the well-being of travelers are lacking in current literature. This study aims to develop an instrument to measure religious travelers’ well-being based on multi-dimensional well-being from the perspective of Muslim travelers who traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Umrah to gauge their level of well-being. The scale development technique was employed by creating, refining, and validating the instrument. The final survey instrument, which was administered using a purposive snowball sampling procedure, featured 30 items representing six dimensions of well-being. The final dataset included 202 Muslims who traveled to perform Umrah and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21.0 software. Four low-loading items were removed, leaving 26 items with a satisfactory model fit that covered six wellness dimensions: physical, spiritual, emotional, social, intellectual, and financial well-being. The findings contribute to the literature on religious tourism by providing an in-depth description of the experience of a religious pilgrimage for Muslims and their subsequent sense of fulfillment. The newly constructed instrument is believed to provide a more comprehensive view on well-being, allowing for a more nuanced assessment of a traveler’s well-being upon return.
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Fujita, Dennis Minoru, Karina Takesaki Miyaji, Marta Heloisa Lopes, Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior, and Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna. "Routine Vaccination for Travelers from Emerging Countries: Epidemiological Profile of a Public Travel Medicine Clinic in Sao Paulo/Brazil." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.04.
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Introduction: Emerging countries have increased their presence in international travel (46.8% of travels). Pre- and post-travel consultations may provide insights about travelers’ health. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of the medical data of all travelers assisted at Ambulatório dos Viajantes, a free public health clinic for travelers in São Paulo, Brazil, from January to December 2016 was performed. The patients were profiled based on post-travel consultation data and screened by gender, age according to the United Nations working-age population distribution (0-14 years, children; 15-24 years, youths; 25-65 years, working age; over 65 years, older persons), travel destination, and diseases that affected travelers. Results: In 2016 (n=280 appointments), 93.92% of clients received some type of vaccine (regular or booster dose). Post-travel consultations (n=27; 9.64%) were predominantly male (62.96% of appointments) and comprised cases of malaria (44.4%; 6 positive cases of Plasmodium falciparum, 4 positive cases of Plasmodium vivax, and 2 unclassified), fever (7.4%), AGE - acute gastroenteritis (7.4%), hepatitis A (3.7%), nausea (3.7%), insect bite (3.7%), abdominal pain (3.7%), arthralgia (3.7%), vaginal discharge (3.7%), and cases under investigation (18.5%). Brazilian travelers presented the same incidence of post-travel counseling as developed countries’ travel medicine clinics (~9%). Conclusion: Immunization in pre-travel counseling may reduce the importation of preventable infectious diseases and increase Brazilians’ traveler vaccine coverage, a current concern in the country.
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Hamdan, Muhammad Irham, Syed Ashrene Syed Omar, Azurin Sani, Janiffa Saidon, and Mohd Fikri Ishak. "Factors that Influence Malaysian Muslim Travel Preferences." Information Management and Business Review 16, no. 1(I)S (April 27, 2024): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i1(i)s.3739.
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Tourism has become an important industry that contributes to a country’s economy. Currently, the Muslim tourist segment is viewed as one of the important segments in the tourism industry. In addition, there has been a growing interest in understanding the preferences and motivations of Muslim travelers. This is due to the increasing number of Muslim travelers worldwide and the recognition that catering to their specific needs is essential for successful tourism development. The number of Muslim tourists from a Muslim-majority country increases significantly. Muslim travelers are looking for destinations in which the majority of the population are Muslims. This study is aimed to determine the factors that influence Muslim traveler preferences and to determine the most dominant factor that influences Muslim traveler preferences. Therefore, a survey of 100 Malaysian Muslim travelers in Shah Alam Selangor was done to determine the factors that influence Muslim traveler preferences. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to analyze the multiple regression to test hypotheses on the factors that influence Muslim traveler preferences. The result of the survey suggests that halal certification is a significant factor in explaining Muslim traveler preferences. The availability of halal food and Sharia-compliant hotels were found not to have a significant relationship with Muslim travel preferences. This study provides evidence of the detailed needs and preferences of Muslim travelers and enhances the knowledge of tourists, government, and service providers about Islamic tourism
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Zainol, Noor Azimin, and Eshaby Mustafa. "ACCOMMODATION NEEDS AND PREFERENCES AMONG INTERNATIONAL MUSLIM STUDENT TRAVELERS." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 6, no. 24 (September 5, 2021): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.624001.
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The Muslim tourist segment is regarded as one of the demanding segments in the tourism industry at the current state. It is understood that Muslim travelers prefer to select tourist destinations that bear Islamic elements thus allowing for activities to be done based on religious norms. This would include facilities for prayers, having Halal food and beverages, are liquor-free, and abide by Islamic dress codes; among others. These elements undoubtedly will provide an enriching experience during their travels. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate Muslim travelers’ perception regarding accommodation experiences that Muslim travelers encounter during their stay to realign with Muslim traveller’s needs and preferences. As this study is exploratory in nature, a qualitative research design is applied and 14 international Muslim informants who have travelled internationally were interviewed during the data collection process. The findings revealed that Muslim travelers seek accommodation that offers special necessities for Muslim travelers, located in a suitable location, and chooses the accommodation that offers a favourable service experience. This study has supported previous literature on enhancing Muslim customers’ experience in terms of accommodation provision worldwide. Furthermore, the findings aid in enhancing the needs and preferences of Muslim travelers during traveling hence supporting the growth of Halal tourism. It is seen that tourist destinations and facilities that can provide the faith-based needs required by Muslim tourists will exceed in the creation of a memorable and meaningful tourist experience.
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Shakeel, Duaa, Eruj Wajidi, and Yasir Tawfik. "The Impact of Technological Advancement in Airports on Passenger Convenience At Jinnah International Airport Karachi." Market forces 18, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51153/mf.v18i2.635.
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In the prevailing technology era, travelers prefer airports that provide self-service and other supportive technologies. These technologies increase travelers’ enjoyment and satisfaction and enhance their confidence. Consequently, they develop a positive image of such airports. Given its importance, this study examined the effect of airport self-service technologies (ASSTs) on traveler confidence benefits (TCBs) and the impact of airport-supporting technologies (ASTs) on traveler enjoyment. We also examined the impact of traveler confidence benefits (TCBs) and traveler enjoyment (TE) on traveler satisfaction (TS). The study also explored the effect of traveler satisfaction (TS) on airport image (AI). The study focuses on the local and international passengers traveling from the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. We distributed 450 questionnaires in the local and international lounges on different days and times, and we received 415 questionnaires. The study found airport self-service technologies (ASSTs) promote traveler confidence benefits (TCBs), and airport supporting technologies (ASTs) positively affect travelers enjoyment. The study also documents that traveler confidence benefits (TCBs) and traveler enjoyment stimulate traveler satisfaction (TS). The study also found traveler satisfaction (TS) positively affects airport image (AI)
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Holtz, Timothy H., and Mary D. Nettleman. "Emporiatrics: Diarrhea in Travelers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 11, no. 11 (November 1990): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646104.
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The litany of scatalogical euphemisms describing travelers’ diarrhea sounds more like a line-up for a horse race: turista, Aztec two-step, Ramses’ revenge, Casablanca crud, Bombay runs, Delhi belly and Tokyo trots. While the winner in this race is uncertain, the loser is the poor traveler whose most memorable image of an expensive, exotic vacation was a desperate search for bathrooms or confinement to a hotel room while others were enjoying the sights. Though self-limited and relatively mild compared to some diseases acquired abroad, the impact of travelers’ diarrhea on the traveler should not be underestimated.
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Li, Xiaowei, Qiangqiang Ma, Wenbo Wang, and Baojie Wang. "Influence of Weather Conditions on the Intercity Travel Mode Choice: A Case of Xi’an." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (August 23, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9969322.
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To explore the influence of weather conditions on the choice of the intercity travel mode of travelers, four modes of traveler transportation were studied in Xi'an, China, in March 2019: airplane, high-speed rail, conventional train, and express bus. The individual characteristics of travelers and intercity travel activity data were obtained, and they were matched with the weather characteristics at the departure time of the travelers. The Bayesian multinomial logit regression was employed to explore the relationship between the travel mode choice and weather characteristics. The results showed that temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind, air quality index, and visibility had significant effects on the travel mode selection of travelers, and the addition of these variables could improve the model’s predictive performance. The research results can provide a scientific decision basis for traveler flow transfer and the prediction of traffic modes choice due to the effects of climate change.
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Brestovci, Meliha, Durim Abdullahu, and Faik Sahiti. "On British travelers in Albania from the Georgian era to Edwardian era: Studies and travelogue." Balkanistic Forum 31, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i2.16.
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This paper is a summary of the tradition of British travelers in Albania during the 19th century until the First World War. Referring to British history and British cultural traditions, these travelers are classified between two periods: from Georgian era to Edwardian era. British travelers began to visit Albania frequently, especially from the time of the rule of Ali Pasha Tepelena, through whose pasha’s territory traveled many British agents, missionaries, and adventurers, including the eminent poet Gordon Byron and his friend John C. Hobhouse, and Dr. Henry Holland. The first part of the paper deals with the main studies for travelogue literature, listing the authors and their studies according to the order and study approaches. As there are hundreds of books with travel notes from British travelers on Albania and Albanians, the second part of the article focuses only on some of the most famous British travelers, such as Edward Lear, Arthur Evans, Edith Durham, Henry N. Brailsford and Aubrey Herbert. The purpose of this paper is to make a chronological history of British travelers in Albania and historical literature on this literature genre of British travelers who traveled and describes Albania of late modernity.
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Karakaҫi, Dalila. "British Travelers and British Travel Writing: An Overview to British Travelers Visiting Albania in the First Half of 19th Century." Academicus International Scientific Journal 28 (July 2023): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2023.28.11.
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The Grand Tour played an important role in the education of the aristocratic British youth. Several requirements served for its classical qualification. The Tour lasted from some months to some years. Travelers’ individual choices, spread of diseases, priority to special places, as well as historical events shaped the travel plan. The Tour changed its classical denotation in the 19th century, reflecting a radical social transformation in the British society. The middle class would be engaged in travelling beyond the borders of the British territory. The Romantic traveler of the 19th century differers from the classic traveler of the Grand Tour, stressing heroism and bravery, avoiding scenic descriptions. These travelers resembled the explorer. A term introduced by the Romantics. The dense narrative produced in this period would permit the British public to become familiar with unalike people, experiences, and lands. There are five travellers that visited the Albanian land in the first half of 19th century, during British Romanticims. Dodwell, Hughes, Martin Leake, Urquhart and Best published works mentioning the Albania theme, people, culture, nature, geography. Dodwell’s work is significant because of classical archeology. T.S. Hughes gives information about Ali Pasha and his mystical figure. Topographical data on the Albanian population, customs, and traditions are introduced in Leake’s book. Urquhart looks at the Orient from a philosophical viewpoint. A work about hunting, natural beauty, customs, traditions is written by Best. Therefore, their books give essential information about the country in the first half of this century.
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Zhang, Tingting. "Co-creating tourism experiences through a traveler’s journey: a perspective article." Tourism Review 75, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2019-0251.
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Purpose This perspective article aims to summarize research on value co-creation and tourism experience management from the past decades and to propose several future research priorities related to the topic. Design/methodology/approach This perspective article reviews the previous work and offers a process model on co-creating tourism experiences through a traveler’s journey. In addition, the article proposes five future research priorities related to value co-creation strategies in tourism experience management. Findings This perspective article depicts value co-creation activities during the pre-, mid-, and post-travel stages and proposes five research priorities: (1) big data and real-time co-creation will become ubiquitous in future travel experiences, (2) social media will continue to empower travelers throughout their travels, (3) human–robot interactions will increase for travelers’ co-creation activities, and (4) the diversity of travelers and younger generations (Generation Z) will impact co-created travel journeys. Originality/value Co-creation of tourism experiences has been increasing in the travel industry. It is necessary to review what has been said in the past and to project future research priorities and directions for travel academia and practitioners.
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Wang, Jianqiang, and Shiwei Li. "The impact of travelers’ rationality degree heterogeneity in the Advanced Traveler Information System on the network traffic flow evolution." SIMULATION 93, no. 6 (February 6, 2017): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549716688382.
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The interplay between traffic information, which is normally distributed by the Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) and travelers’ decision behaviors, is prone to lead to high complexity in the evolution process of network traffic flow. Considering the obvious heterogeneity that is reflected in the numerous ways that travelers adopt ATIS information and choose routes, the lognormal distribution is adopted to describe the heterogeneity of travelers’ rationality degree. Introducing habitual factors of traveler route choice, modeling ideas of Multi-Agent and Mixed Logit are utilized to construct the day-to-day evolution model of network traffic flow, which is based on the value difference of travelers’ cognitive travel time. Furthermore, an integrated simulation algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is specially designed to solve the previous evolution model. The simulation indicates that a lower individual difference and a higher rationality degree would lead to a more obvious aggregation phenomenon of network traffic flow and inefficiency of operation in road networks.
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Sofiyul Mubarok, Achmad. "POTRET SPIRITUAL PENGALAMAN KEAGAMAAN MANUSIA." El-Adabi: Jurnal Studi Islam 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2024): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.59166/el-adabi.v3i1.207.
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The spiritual aspect and spirituality will always exist in every human being. This indicates that in human life it will continue to coexist with religion. Religious actors will experience religion. Like a traveler who performs worship not as usual, apart from prayer, he walks along the road as a servant to Allah SWT. This paper aims to examine the spiritual side and religious experiences of travelers. This research is a etnographic research, to review the traveler's narrative on the YouTube platform “sinau hurip”. Using Joachim Wach's theory and concept of religious experience, the results of this study show that travelers carry out religious laws based on several forms of expression of religious experience: First, in the form of intellectual/ thought, he is a person who is aware of his behavior (not ODGJ) and always remembers the obligation to worship. Second, in the form of action, he applies worship and holds the principles of being a traveler such as being prohibited from asking, stealing and hoping that someone will have mercy. Third, in the form of fellowship he belongs to a small group. Which is not written in quantity. However, he feels a greater sense of solidarity and a strong inner bond.
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Buchek, Gregory, Katrin Mende, Kalyani Telu, Susan J. Kaiser, David R. Tribble, Jamie Fraser, Indrani Mitra, Tahaniyat Lalani, and Heather Yun. "1172. Travel-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Organism Acquisition and Risk Factors Among US Military Personnel." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1005.
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Abstract Background International travel is a risk factor for incident colonization with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. These and other multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are major pathogens in combat casualties. We evaluated risk factors for colonization with MDR bacteria in US military personnel traveling internationally for official duty. Methods TravMil is a prospective observational study enrolling subjects presenting to military travel clinics. We analyzed surveys, antimicrobial use data, and pre- and post-travel self-collected perirectal swabs in military travelers to regions outside the continental United States, Canada, Western or Northern Europe, or New Zealand presenting to one clinic from December 2015 to December 2017. Gram-negative isolates recovered from swabs underwent real-time identification and susceptibility testing (BD Phoenix). Characteristics of trip and traveler were analyzed to determine risk factors for MDR organism colonization. Results One hundred ten trips were planned by 99 travelers (74% male, median age 38 years [IQR 31, 47.25]); 72 trips were completed by 64 travelers. Median trip duration was 21 days (IQR 12.75, 79.5). Of those with trips completed, 17% traveled to Mexico/Caribbean/Central America, 15% to Asia, 57% to Africa, and 10% to South America; 56% stayed in hotels and 50% in dormitories/barracks. Travelers used doxycycline (15%) for malaria prophylaxis, 11% took an antibiotic for travelers’ diarrhea (TD) treatment (fluoroquinolone 7%, azithromycin 4%). Incident MDR organism colonization occurred in eight travelers (incidence density 3.5/1,000 travel days; cumulative incidence 11% of trips [95% CI: 4%–19%]), all ESBL-producing E. coli. A higher incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli acquisition was associated with travel to Asia (36% vs. 7%, P = 0.02) but not with travel to other regions, TD, or use of antimicrobials. No relationship was seen between fluoroquinolone or doxycycline exposure and resistance to those antimicrobials. Conclusion Consistent with other studies of US military personnel travelers, incident colonization with MDR organisms following official travel occurs at a lower rate in this population compared with civilian travelers, with no identified modifiable risk factors. The highest incidence of ESBL acquisition was observed during travel to Asia. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Taheri, Babak, Hossein Olya, Faizan Ali, and Martin Joseph Gannon. "Understanding the Influence of Airport Servicescape on Traveler Dissatisfaction and Misbehavior." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 1008–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519877257.
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Underpinned by complexity theory, this study investigates whether the influence of social and physical servicescape on international travelers’ dissatisfaction and misbehavior differs between two characteristically different international airports in Iran. Partial least squares (PLS) and multi-group analysis (MGA) were employed to test the conceptual model. The results revealed significant differences between the effects of physical servicescape on travelers’ dissatisfaction and misbehavior across both airports. However, the results did not support any differences between the effects of social servicescape on travelers’ dissatisfaction and misbehavior between both airports. Additionally, using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study identified multiple configurations of physical and social servicescape dimensions leading to traveler dissatisfaction and misbehavior. In doing so, the results highlighted the conditions leading to low traveler dissatisfaction and misbehavior scores, confirming the applicability of complexity theory in explaining international traveler behavior in airports, providing implications and directions for future research in the process.
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Rosenberg, Karen. "Travelers Should Avoid Antimicrobials for Travelerʼs Diarrhea." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 115, no. 5 (May 2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000465038.66211.18.
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Li, Yingguo, Zhijia Tan, and Qiong Chen. "Dynamics of a Transportation Network Model with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Users." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/918405.
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This paper studies the dynamics of the traveler's day-to-day route adjustment process in the general transportation network with fixed or elastic demand and homogeneous or heterogeneous users. Each traveler is assumed to adjust his/her route choice according to the excess travel cost between the instantaneous experienced travel cost and a certain referred level, which induces an aggregate path flow dynamics. We call the path flow dynamics the excess travel cost dynamics, which corresponds to the excess payoff dynamics in evolutionary games and serves a general framework of modeling the homogeneous or heterogeneous route choice behavior of travelers.
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Stagliano, David R., Huai-Ching Kuo, Jamie A. Fraser, Indrani Mitra, Eric C. Garges, Mark S. Riddle, David R. Tribble, and Patrick W. Hickey. "Military and Civilian Sector Practice Patterns for Short-Term Travelers’ Diarrhea Self-Treatment in Adults." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 1156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1037.
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ABSTRACT. The Deployment and Travel Medicine Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Outcomes Study investigates the various clinician and traveler contributions to medical outcomes within the U.S. Military Health System. Travelers’ diarrhea is among the most common travel-related illnesses, making travelers’ diarrhea self-treatment (TDST) important for traveler health. A cohort of 80,214 adult travelers receiving malaria chemoprophylaxis for less than 6 weeks of travel were identified within the U.S. Department of Defense Military Health System Data Repository. Associated prescriptions for TDST medications within 2 weeks of chemoprophylaxis prescriptions were identified. Prescription patterns were compared by service member versus beneficiary status and site of care, military facility versus civilian facility. At military facilities, medical provider demographics were analyzed by clinical specialty and categorized as travel medicine specialists versus nonspecialists. Overall, there was low prescribing of TDST, particularly among civilian providers and military nonspecialists, despite guidelines recommending self-treatment of moderate to severe travelers’ diarrhea. This practice gap was largest among service member travelers, but also existed for beneficiaries. Compared with nonspecialists, military travel medicine specialists were more likely to prescribe a combination of an antibiotic and antimotility agent to beneficiaries, more likely to provide any form of TDST to service members, and more likely to prescribe azithromycin than quinolones when using antibiotics. Our study suggests that enhancing provider knowledge and use of travelers’ diarrhea treatment recommendations combined with improved access to formal travel medicine services may be important to increase the quality of care.
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Lating, Noval Ali, and Liena Sofiana. "TRAVELER’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TO ACCESS TOURISM HEALTH CENTRE AT GUNUNGKIDUL: CASE STUDY AT INDRAYANTI BEACH." Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR) 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v2i1.1507.
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Background: Indrayanti beach located at Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. The number of tourists visited this beach has increased each year, meaning that it increases the health risks for the tourist and people involved, such as infectious diseases, blisters, lost, injured by objects or marine animals, sea water irritation. However, according to the previous study, a traveler who is accessing the Tourism Health Centre is low. This research aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude of the travelers in Indrayanti Beach to the traveler’s access to the Tourism Health Centre.Method: Quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. Of 106 travelers was participate in this study that was recruited through accidental sampling. A tested questionnaire contained knowledge, and attitude was asked to the Indrayanti visitor. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the result.Results: There is a significant association between knowledge level (p=0.027) and attitude (p = 0.000) to the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are the primary aspects of the willingness to access the Tourism Health Centre.
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Ivaniuk, O., and Y. Bilodid. "WHILE SAILING ALONG THE RHINE, I HELD IN MY HANDS THE 'RHENISH SAGAS' BOUGHT IN COLOGNE AND READ THEM, CHECKING THE PLACES MENTIONED IN THEM IN NATURE ITSELF." THE VIEWS OF TRAVELLERS FROM THE NADDNIPRIANS ON GERMAN LANDS IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES." Bulletin of Mariupol State University Series History Political Studies 13, no. 35-36 (2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2023-13-35-36-34-49.
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The article considers a range of issues related to travel to Germany in the 19 th – the beginning of the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the purpose of travel, routes, choice of objects for review, interethnic cultural contacts. It was established that the purpose of the trips to Germany were rest, treatment and education. Travelers got to Germany in different ways: by steamboat from Saint Petersburg through Sweden or overland through Radzivyliv, Lemberg and the Czech or Polish lands. Guidebooks printed in Germany became useful for travelers. They helped to develop of the travel route, choose the residence, objects for review and decide on means of transportation. The cities that attracted travelers the most were Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Munich, as well as the resorts of Baden-Baden and Kissingen. During of the 19th century, under the influence of changes in movement in European art – from romanticism to modernism, accents shifted, and interest arosed to various monuments and artistic masterpieces. While in the first half of the 19th century travelers were admired by Gothic architecture, works of the Renaissance, classical opera, ethnographic customs of the local population, in the second half of the 19 th century, attention was paid to modern art, achievements of science and technology, lifestyle, shops, cafes, etc. People, who traveled to Germany, expanded of social circle. There travelers were able to get to know representatives of European elites, leading scientists and practitioners, compatriots. Established contacts were usually long-lasting and multi-year. Sometimes under the influence of new acquaintances and European culture, imperial ideological stereotypes were destroyed and self-identification of travelers from Dnieper Ukraine took place. Keywords: travels, Germany, architectural monuments, memories, M. Rigelman, M. Kostomarov, Dresden Gallery, Cologne Cathedral.
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Wu, Yang Yang, De Wei Chen, and Fan Xin Jia. "A Method to Optimize Composite Fore-Fulcrum Form Travelers in Single-Plane Cable-Stayed Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.911.
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This paper presents a method to optimize the composite fore-fulcrum form traveler which makes the traveler more reasonable and economical, and the method can be conveniently used by designers while designing form travelers for single-plane cable-stayed bridges using cantilever cast-in place construction method. After a general theoretical description (theory and process) of the optimization model, an engineering case is optimized using this method. And the method is proved feasible by analyzing the primary and optimized travelers in Midas Civil and comparing their properties.
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Wang, Ying, Kevin Kam Fung So, and Beverley A. Sparks. "Technology Readiness and Customer Satisfaction with Travel Technologies: A Cross-Country Investigation." Journal of Travel Research 56, no. 5 (July 31, 2016): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516657891.
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Technologies have dramatically transformed tourist experience. However, research has largely focused on traveler attitudes and technology adoption rather than their experience with travel technologies. Taking a cross-country perspective, this study examines the role of technology readiness (TR) as a personality trait in shaping travelers’ satisfaction with travel technologies, using airlines as a case study. Results of an online survey of travelers in Australia, China, and the United States revealed the moderating effects of the TR dimensions of optimism and innovativeness as well as country of residence on the relationships between perceived quality of technology-enabled services (TESs), satisfaction with TESs, overall satisfaction, and future behavior. These relationships were stronger among travelers with higher TR and varied across countries. The results suggest that tourism and hospitality service providers should incorporate measures of traveler TR and TESs’ performance into their customer-experience monitoring system.
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Zotov, E. D. "Organization of business travel in Russia." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 5, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-4-73-78.
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The article considers the basic concepts of the system of business tourism in Russia and analyses the directions of its organization. The paper lists the economic and socio-cultural factors influencing the behavior of business travelers in Russia. The author formulates recommendations for the main directions of business tourism, taking into account the factors of the external and internal environment that affect the behavior of a business traveler. The study formulates the requirements of the host party for business travelers and companies organizing business tours. The article determines the factors and conditions of accommodation of business travelers in hotels and places of temporary accommodation. The paper describes the ways of holding incentive events for business travelers in the venues of exhibitions, congresses and business meetings.
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Polydoropoulou, Amalia, Moshe Ben-Akiva, Asad Khattak, and Geoffrey Lauprete. "Modeling Revealed and Stated En-Route Travel Response to Advanced Traveler Information Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1537, no. 1 (January 1996): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153700106.
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Advanced traveler information systems (ATISs) are being developed to provide travelers with real-time information about traffic conditions. To evaluate the benefits of ATIS products and services, questions concerning the potential market, use, and travel response must be addressed. The present focus is on the en-route travel response to ATISs. The main objective is to explore how travelers deal with unexpected congestion and how they might respond to qualitative, quantitative, prescriptive, and predictive information. Data on travelers' route-switching decisions were obtained through a survey of California Bay Area automobile commuters. The effects of various factors, such as sources of congestion information (radio traffic reports versus observation), trip characteristics, and route attributes on traveler response to unexpected congestion, were investigated. Future response to ATIS technologies was explored by using stated preferences, that is, hypothetical ATIS scenarios. A combined reported and stated preference model of traveler response was developed. The results indicate that expected delays on the usual route, travel time on alternative routes, perceived congestion level on alternative routes, and information sources are important determinants of travel decision changes in response to unexpected delays. The modeling methodology identifies the effects of experience and behavioral inertia on choices and captures inherent biases in the stated preference responses. Overall, travelers are more likely to respond to specific quantitative delay information.
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Jou, Rong-Chang, Ta-Yin Hu, and Chien-Wen Lin. "Empirical Results from Taiwan and Their Implications for Advanced Traveler Pretrip Information Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-17.
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A statistical analysis of travelers’ behavior is presented, and a study into the effects of pretrip information on travelers’ choice behavior is addressed. The study is based on an extensive home interview survey conducted in the Taichung metropolitan area of Taiwan. The main objectives were (a) to determine which types of information are more important to travelers; (b) to examine whether the provision of information alters the travelers’ choice behavior; (c) to relate travelers’ choice behavior, including departure time, route, and mode, to personal and travel behavior characteristics; and (d) to provide a basis for the subsequent development of a pretrip information system architecture. A binary logit model of whether a traveler switches departure time, route, mode, or any combinations of the three or does not switch after receiving traffic information is estimated. The results underscore the important relationship between the different characteristics and the propensity of travelers to change behavior. Separate binary models are developed for each of the individual trip purposes. The focus is on the urban (intraregional) trips.