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Khalilova, Lyudmila A. "BATTLE OF BRITAIN: LONDON IN LONDONERS’ COMMEMORATIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2020): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-84-98.
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The article is devoted to the Blitz commemorations of the citizens of London. Such WWII memoirs are extremely precious since they give the reader a first-person view of the witness’s actions, feelings, experiences. Reminiscences make us deeply involved in different events of the Blitz, showing both the unbelievable ruthlessness of the enemy and the endeavor of the citizens of the British capital to retain their human nature. The Blitz period has originated a lot of accounts connected with the scale of bombardment. The present papertacklesthe recollections ofrenownedwriters,war correspondents, artists, people at work – firefighters and local defense volunteers. Ordinary citizens – grown-ups and children – were also among the onlookers. Ernie Pyle, a famous journalist, presented a description of blanket night bombings, one of which resulted in the Second Great Fire of London. Virginia Woolf did not only describe her feelings during an air raid but also reflected on future peace. Eyewitnesses’ accounts convey the images of devastation, sufferings, horror. And, at the same time, people stayed heroic and defiant, they continued living among the ruins – sheltering, developing their own mini-governments in the Tube, playing cricket amidst debris, digging for victory. Moreover, as Henry Morton, another famous journalist and traveler, reported, Londoners had not lost their sense of humor even under unrelenting bombardment. The documentary sources indicate that the spirits were high: the old and the young, the rich and the poor were getting along, joined together. Those people were
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Slauter, Will. "The Paragraph as Information Technology: How News Traveled in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World." Annales (English ed.) 67, no. 02 (June 2012): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000662.
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The newspapers of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world copied, translated, and corrected each other. Part of the technology facilitating the transmission of international news was the paragraph, a textual unit that was easily removed from one source and inserted into another. In eighteenth-century London the paragraph became the basic unit of printed news, relaying political messages and also providing the means by which these messages could be analyzed. Subject to a whole range of editorial interventions, the form and content of news reports evolved as they circulated from one place to the other. Integrating scholarship on journalism in Europe, Great Britain, and the United States, this article compares reports in French, English, and Spanish-language newspapers in order to understand the process of newsmaking. Two detailed examples from the American Revolutionary war demonstrate how political news in the Revolutionary age was a collaborative process linking printers, translators, readers, and ship captains on both sides of the Atlantic. In doing so it highlights the importance of the paragraph as an object of historical study.
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Nechiporuk, Dmitrii. "“In a Propaganda Hall”: Red Ekaterinburg through Francis Mccullagh’s Eyes." Metamorphoses of history, no. 23 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/mh2022237.
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Among the numerous ego-documents, which were written by foreigners about Russia in the epoch of the Civil War, the reminiscences on the dramatic events in the Ural and Siberia holds a unique place. А travelogue of the Irish journalist Francis McCullagh (1874–1956), «A Prisoner of the Reds: the Story of a British Officer Captured in Siberia» (1921), who visited Russia as a member of Knox’s British military mission, has been an important evidence of political events in Ural in the first half of 1920. Nevertheless, McCullagh was watching the Civil War as a war journalist. He judged events in Russia through the prism of his personal religious and political beliefs. He was detained by the Bolsheviks in January 1920 in Krasnoyarsk, along with a group of British officers. However, McCullagh managed to conceal the reasons for his stay in Siberia and passed himself off as a journalist. This allowed him to travel by train from the East to the West toward the Finnish border to leave the country safely. In Siberia and Ural, he traveled through Novo-Nikolayevsk, Omsk, and Yekaterinburg. After reaching Moscow, McCullagh was arrested by the Cheka in April 1920 and spent several days in the Lubyanka prison. In May 1920 the journalist was finally able to leave Russia and return to London. The memoirs of McCullagh are of interest for several reasons. Firstly, the book was written as a response to the tendentious portrayal of Bolshevism in Anglo-American journalism, although the author himself was not a supporter of the Communism. Secondly, McCullagh's religious nonconformism, his strong anti-Anglicanism sentiment, defined his perception of the Bolsheviks. He repeatedly compares the anti-religious policies of the Bolsheviks and anti-Catholic propaganda in the Great Britain. Thirdly, McCullagh's publications and speeches in the Anglo-American press were important evidence in favor of the version of the violent death of the Royal family at the hands of the Bolsheviks. The journalist believed that the tragic events were the initiative of the local Bolsheviks. During his stay in Ekaterinburg, he conducted his own investigation of the causes of the death of the Imperial family. Fourth, a significant part of the book is devoted to Yekaterinburg, the city where McCullagh stayed three times in 1918-1920. Besides describing the daily life of Yekaterinburg, McCullagh explains the reasons of the Kolchak army defeat in the Urals.
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Markovich, Slobodan. "Activities of Father Nikolai Velimirovich in Great Britain during the Great War." Balcanica, no. 48 (2017): 143–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748143m.
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Nikolai Velimirovich was one of the most influential bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the twentieth century. His stay in Britain in 1908/9 influenced his theological views and made him a proponent of an Anglican-Orthodox church reunion. As a known proponent of close relations between different Christian churches, he was sent by the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic to the United States (1915) and Britain (1915-1919) to work on promoting Serbia and the cause of Yugoslav unity. His activities in both countries were very successful. In Britain he closely collaborated with the Serbian Relief Fund and ?British friends of Serbia? (R. W. Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham Steed and Sir Arthur Evans). Other Serbian intellectuals in London, particularly the brothers Bogdan and Pavle Popovic, were in occasional collision with the members of the Yugoslav Committee over the nature of the future Yugoslav state. In contrast, Velimirovich remained committed to the cause of Yugoslav unity throughout the war with only rare moments of doubt. Unlike most other Serbs and Yugoslavs in London Father Nikolai never grew unsympathetic to the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic, although he did not share all of his views. In London he befriended the churchmen of the Church of England who propagated ecclesiastical reunion and were active in the Anglican and Eastern Association. These contacts allowed him to preach at St. Margaret?s Church, Westminster and other prominent Anglican churches. He became such a well-known and respected preacher that, in July 1917, he had the honour of being the first Orthodox clergyman to preach at St. Paul?s Cathedral. He was given the same honour in December 1919. By the end of the war he had very close relations with the highest prelates of the Church of England, the Catholic cardinal of Westminster, and with prominent clergymen of the Church of Scotland and other Protestant churches in Britain. Based on Velimirovich?s correspondence preserved in Belgrade and London archives, and on very wide coverage of his activities in The Times, in local British newspapers, and particularly in the Anglican journal The Church Times, this paper describes and analyses his wide-ranging activities in Britain. The Church of England supported him wholeheartedly in most of his activities and made him a celebrity in Britain during the Great War. It was thanks to this Church that some dozen of his pamphlets and booklets were published in London during the Great War. What made his relations with the Church of England so close was his commitment to the question of reunion of Orthodox churches with the Anglican Church. He suggested the reunion for the first time in 1909 and remained committed to it throughout the Great War. Analysing the activities of Father Nikolai, the paper also offers a survey of the very wide-ranging forms of help that the Church of England provided both to the Serbian Orthodox Church and to Serbs in by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement. general during the Great War. Most of these activities were channelled through him. Thus, by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement.
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Goonaratna, Colvin. "Professor MNT Fonseka, FRCS (London), FRCS (Edin), FRCOG (Great Britain)." Ceylon Medical Journal 50, no. 4 (December 9, 2009): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v50i4.1421.
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Yealland, J. J. "NYLON NETTING FOR AVIARIES AT THE LONDON ZOO, GREAT BRITAIN." International Zoo Yearbook 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1960.tb02933.x.
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Barinov, Igor I. "Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum in London, a centre for Belarusian studies in Great Britain." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2020): 508–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.6.05.
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Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum in London, a centre for Belarusian studies in Great Britain The article focuses on the Francis Skorina Library and Museum in London, the largest Belarusian subject collection outside Belarus and at the same time the center of Belarusian studies in Great Britain. The main steps of the formation of the collection are considered along with its detailed description.
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Wilkes, Fiona A., Harith Akram, Jonathan A. Hyam, Neil D. Kitchen, Marwan I. Hariz, and Ludvic Zrinzo. "Publication productivity of neurosurgeons in Great Britain and Ireland." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 4 (April 2015): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns14856.
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OBJECT Bibliometrics are the methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. In this study, bibliometrics were used to quantify the scientific output of neurosurgical departments throughout Great Britain and Ireland. METHODS A list of neurosurgical departments was obtained from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons website. Individual departments were contacted for an up-to-date list of consultant (attending) neurosurgeons practicing in these departments. Scopus was used to determine the h-index and m-quotient for each neurosurgeon. Indices were measured by surgeon and by departmental mean and total. Additional information was collected about the surgeon's sex, title, listed superspecialties, higher research degrees, and year of medical qualification. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 315 neurosurgeons (25 female). The median h-index and m-quotient were 6.00 and 0.41, respectively. These were significantly higher for professors (h-index 21.50; m-quotient 0.71) and for those with an additional MD or PhD (11.0; 0.57). There was no significant difference in h-index, m-quotient, or higher research degrees between the sexes. However, none of the 16 British neurosurgery professors were female. Neurosurgeons who specialized in functional/epilepsy surgery ranked highest in terms of publication productivity. The 5 top-scoring departments were those in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; St. George's Hospital, London; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. CONCLUSIONS The h-index is a useful bibliometric marker, particularly when comparing between studies and individuals. The m-quotient reduces bias toward established researchers. British academic neurosurgeons face considerable challenges, and women remain underrepresented in both clinical and academic neurosurgery in Britain and Ireland.
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Shkunov, V. N. "AFGHANISTAN IN THE SPHERE OF TRADE INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-3-98-103.
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The article is devoted to the problems of trade and economic rivalry between the Russian Empire and Great Britain in the first half of the XIX century, when the two powers were looking for adequate methods and forms of protecting their interests in Central Asia and Afghanistan. The author pays special attention to the problems of economic development and foreign trade of Afghanistan in the period under review. He examines the main objects of export and import, trade volumes, channels for the sale of goods, ethnic and confessional characteristics of merchants who participated in trade with Kabul. The role of the diplomatic service of Russia and Great Britain, travelers, scouts, merchants in collecting the necessary information about the situation in the Middle East is noted. The author focuses on the role and importance of the Central Asian khanates and merchants in promoting Russian goods to Afghanistan. The regional peculiarities of the organization of foreign trade are noted (by the example of Baloch).
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
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Bazylchuk, Vira. "International experience of the development of students’ physical activity by means of sports games in higher education institutions of Great Britain." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, no. 37 (2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2022.37.11637.
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The article presents a comparative analysis of international experience of the development of students’ physical activity in higher education institutions of Great Britain. The author characterizes the structure and content of higher education in leading educational institutions of Great Britain and pays special attention to the organizational aspects of the development of students’ physical activity by means of sports games in leading British universities. Attention is focused on the fact that the process of physical education in higher education institutions of Great Britain is organized according to the principle of the club system, which allows students to choose what kind of sport or physical activity they want to do in extracurricular time as a member of a particular sports club. It is argued that there is a certain difference compared to domestic institutions of higher education because in the absolute majority of British institutions of higher education the process of physical education is organized on the principle of the club system. Higher education institutions of great Britain provide various sports programs: the University of Birmingham implements the Social Sport program, which enables students to try various types of physical activity during the study semester, to improve their skills or to practise a new sport; the University of Manchester has the Sporticipate sports program, which provides students with several hours of free sports classes per week in order to increase their physical performance; the University of London (City University London) implements CityActive sports program, which is aimed at increasing the physical activity of students, their recreation and communication skills. The study shows that there is a significant number of student sports clubs in British universities, namely 52 student sports clubs at the University of Birmingham, 42 student sports clubs at the University of Manchester, and 18 student sports clubs at the University of London (City University London). Keywords: development, physical activity, students, sports games, institutions of higher education of Great Britain.
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Guzy-Pasiak, Jolanta. "Polish musical life in Great Britain during the Second World War." Muzyka 64, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.249.
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The present article is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive – as much as the available sources allow – presentation of Polish music in Great Britain during the war, without any claims to completeness. The main institution attracting Poles in London was, practically from the beginning of the war, Polish Hearth, founded by Polish artists, scholars and writers. The Polish Musicians of London association with Tadeusz Jarecki organised classical music concerts and published contemporary works by Polish composers. The organisation was instrumental in the founding of the London Polish String Quartet. The BBC Radio played a huge role in the popularisation of the Polish repertoire and Polish artists, broadcasting complete performances. What became an extremely attractive form of promoting Polish art were the performances of the Anglo-Polish Ballet, founded by Czesław Konarski and Alicja Halama in 1940. The post-war reality meant that most of the scores published at the time were arrangements of soldiers’, historical, folk and popular songs characterised by simple musical means suited to the capabilities of army bands, but conveying the spirit accompanying the soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces during the Second World War. Polish Army Choir established, as the first among such ensembles, on Jerzy Kołaczkowski’s initiative.The author hopes to prompt further studies into the history of migrations of artists and work on monographs on the various composers and performers. Undoubtedly, there is a need to bring this part of our musical culture to light, especially given the fact that interest in Polish music abroad has been growing in recent years.
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Ryback, , , & ,, G., A. M. Clark, and C. J. Stanley. "Re-examination of the A.W.G. Kingsbury Collection of British Minerals at the Natural History Museum, London." Geological Curator 6, no. 9 (June 1998): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc540.
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Detailed study of eight specimens supposedly collected by A.W.G. Kingsbury from localities in Great Britain has shown beyond reasonable doubt that they came from classic foreign localities. Many species reported by Kingsbury from Britain must now be regarded as of dubious provenance unless validated by further studies.
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Vincent, John, John S. Hill, Andrew Billings, John Harris, and C. Dwayne Massey. "“We are GREAT Britain”: British newspaper narratives during the London 2012 Olympic Games." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 8 (February 9, 2017): 895–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217690345.
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British newspaper narratives were examined during the 2012 London Olympic Games to discern how the British press promoted specific “narratives of the nation.” For the London-based British press, the home Olympics became the ideal medium not only to sell newspapers and electronic format subscriptions, but also to (re)present their views on Britain and what it stood for. Using a qualitative textual analysis methodology, this study drew on Anderson’s theory of the “imagined community” and Edmunds and Turner’s concepts of benign and malign nationalism to provide insights about how Britishness was framed. For a country struggling to shake off the economic recession, early narratives about the Games were imbued with concerns about the escalating costs of hosting the Games and fears of terrorism. However, the critical early tone of British newspaper narratives was supplanted with uplifting, inspirational stories about the unprecedented success of Team GB athletes. This provided British journalists with an opportunity to reengineer Britishness to reinforce some traditional values and inject some new inclusive ones. Although at times, complex, contested and contradictory, the narratives generally linked the internationalism of the Olympics with a progressive, benign version of Britishness that emphasized inclusion, tolerance, and creativity and, at least temporarily, redefined how Britain regarded itself and was viewed.
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Mudra, Olena. "MODERN PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION COURSES IN GREAT BRITAIN." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.231-240.
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The objective of this article is to analyze the content of the professional foreign language communication courses at the universities of Great Britain – Oxford, Cambridge and London School of Economics. The purpose of our project is to identify the features of the organization and functioning of the professional foreign language communication courses at universities of Great Britain and to substantiate the possibilities of using the British experience in Ukraine. According to the purpose of the project, the following main tasks of our research are defined: to study the state of the problem research; to investigate the directions of reforming courses in Great Britain; to describe the organization and functioning of the professional foreign language communication courses; to carry out a comparative and pedagogical analysis of language policy in Ukraine and Great Britain and to exemplify some recommendations for the possible implementation of the experience of Great Britain in the practice of higher education in our country. The object of the project is the professional foreign language communication courses in universities of Great Britain. The subject of the study is the content, forms, methods and technologies of the above mentioned courses. During our research it has been proved that an important incentive for the creation of courses is the introduction and practice of both compulsory and optional elective courses in British universities. The practical significance of the obtained results of the project lies in the possibility of using the experience of organizing and functioning of professional foreign language communication courses in universities of Great Britain in higher educational institutions of Ukraine.
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Dott, Robert. "Lyell in America—His Lectures, Field Work, and Mutual Influences, 1841-1853." Earth Sciences History 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 101–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.15.2.b4n1102556ju6736.
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Charles Lyell visited North America four times in the twelve years from 1841 to 1853. Except for the last visit, he both lectured and travelled widely to study geology. In 1841 he opened the second season of Lowell Lectures in Boston, and in early 1842 he gave essentially the same lectures again at Philadelphia and New York. In 1845 and 1852, Lyell lectured only at Boston. In 1853, he returned briefly as a British representative at the New York Industrial Fair. The New York lectures were published verbatim, and Lyell's incomplete notes for his lectures, newspaper accounts, and his wife Mary's correspondence from America provide some insight about the others. During 25 months of travel spanning a dozen years, the Lyells saw more of the United States and southeastern Canada—from the Atlantic coast to the lower Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and from the St. Lawrence Valley to the Gulf Coast—than had most citizens of the New World. After the first two visits, Lyell published two travel journals, which contain much material about American geology, geologists, and general natural history, as well as perceptive commentaries upon most aspects of life in the two young nations. The lectures and journals together provide important insights into the development of geology in America and of Lyell's thinking. In spite of the fact that Lyell was a poor speaker, the lectures were great successes with the public. American geologists, however, gave more qualified assessments. Major topics covered by the lectures, which reflected the major current issues of the science, included during an eleven-year span: Crustal movements and the earth's interior; Uniformity of processes through geologic time; Coral reefs; Carboniferous conditions and coal formation, as well as the early appearance of land animals; Origin of the drift and the Sinking and submergence of land; Biogeography; and the Uniformity of an organic plan, including negative commentary about progression and transmutation. Lyell's use of examples from both America and abroad gave the subject a cosmopolitan aspect, and his use of many large diagrams was much acclaimed. Geology was becoming well established in the New World, and Lyell participated in the third annual meeting of the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists in 1842. For field work, he followed his well-honed tactic of seeking experts as guides for efficient learning about local geology and grilling them incessantly. Although initially enthused and open, American geologists soon became apprchensive about Lyell's acquisitiveness for their data. Eventually Lyell's bibliography was enhanced by more than 30 titles on American geology in addition to two travel books, the first of which included a colored geologic map of most of the then United States and adjacent Canada. His other books, Principles of Geology and Elements of Geology, also benefited from countless American examples and from the publication of American editions. Lyell's reputation was enhanced by his American adventures, for, like Darwin and Murchison before, his travels attracted much attention both in the London Geological Society and in the British press. But the visits also enhanced the stature of geology in the New World, and Lyell made several significant original contributions to the understanding of American geology. Moreover, the visits by Charles and Mary Lyell produced a positive impression of America abroad, for they were very captivated by their friendly and industrious hosts and spoke well of them in Britain. On balance, it would seem that the visitors and hosts benefitted about equally.
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Komisarenko, Serhii. "How We Started our Work in Not-So-Foggy Albion." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 186–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-9.
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The article describes separate and the most interesting episodes of work of its author Serhii Komisarenko during his service as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Being the academician of the NAS and NAMS of Ukraine, Serhii Komisarenko was appointed Ambassador in London in 1992 and worked in this position for six years – until 1998.The article also describes the building of the Embassy, how it was established, reconstructed and designed, tells about authors of presented works of art. In his article, the author draws special attention to the communication with the Queen of the Great Britain – during the ceremony of presenting credentials in Buckingham Palace and the annual diplomatic royal reception of ambassadors. At the end of author’s appointment in London, he paid several parting visits to the members of the Royal family and ministers. The author had also an opportunity to meet the Queen before the leave. The author also mentions the fire at Windsor Palace, when the oldest and most important part of the palace, St. George’s Chapel, was destroyed. During the work, the Embassy constantly felt the support of the Foreign Office and other official circles of Britain. They showed great interest in the Ukrainian diplomatic mission and the development of cooperation with Ukraine. The result was the opening of the British-Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce in London in 1997, which still operates today. The author of the article expresses sincere gratitude to his colleagues for the creative and friendly atmosphere that prevailed at the Embassy, and for the fruitful work they have done in those years for the benefit of our country. Keywords: the United Kingdom, the Queen of the Great Britain, Antarctic station, Ukrainian-British Chamber, Ukraine, Embassy.
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Unwin, Patrick R., and Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, no. 1 (July 28, 2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.
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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.
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Jureńczyk, Łukasz. "The United Kingdom’s Trade Relations with Kenya in the Context of Brexit." Świat Idei i Polityki 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip201905.
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The subject of the article is trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya in the context of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. The article characterizes the commercial cooperation of Great Britain and Kenya and discusses the trends existing in this field in recent years. The main threats to this cooperation that Brexit brings are presented, as well as the actions that states must implement to counteract the negative consequences of Brexit and the opportunities that Brexit potentially gives to deepening trade cooperation between countries. In addition, the political climate change that has occurred between countries in recent years, which has a significant impact on the implementation of economic cooperation, including trade, has been outlined. The purpose of the article is to present and evaluate the challenges that the countries face in the context of Brexit, which they must overcome in order to maintain and deepen trade cooperation. The main research problem is whether Brexit will weaken or accelerate trade relations between Great Britain and Kenya? The main hypothesis of the article is that Brexit causes great uncertainty about the future of trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya. However, it gives the opportunity to dynamize this cooperation, and Kenya can become a model partner for the United Kingdom within the concept of „Global Britain” promoted by London. Kenya’s positive development trends make it an increasingly attractive trading partner for Great Britain. However, Kenya wants to take advantage of the UK’s search for trading partners outside the European Union.
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Archer, I. W. "Theatre and Empire: Great Britain on the London Stages under James VI and I." English Historical Review 117, no. 473 (September 1, 2002): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.473.982.
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Ombresop, Robert. "The Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland and its Newsletter." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 25 (July 1999): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003641.
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The organisation now known as the Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland was founded in 1957, and its Newsletter was first published in 1969. The activities, publications and achievements of the Society within the Roman Catholic Church are manifold, and were acknowledged by Pope John Paul II when he granted an audience to participants of the 1992 annual conference held in Rome. This papal address is printed at the beginning of The Canon Law: Letter & Spirit (London 1995), the full commentary on the 1983 Code of Canon Law prepared by the Society.
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Kaczorowski, Jan. "Gdy treść i forma idą w parze. O edytorskich i estetycznych walorach czasopisma „Oficyna Poetów” wydawanego w Londynie w latach 1966–1980." Studia o Książce i Informacji (dawniej: Bibliotekoznawstwo) 36 (July 5, 2018): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7729.36.9.
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When the content and form go hand in hand with one another. Aesthetic and editorial value of “Oficyna Poetów” — a magazine published in London between 1966 and 1980“Oficyna Poetów” was aliterary and cultural magazine published in London by Polish-born émigré couple, Krystyna and Czesław Bednarczyk. After World War II they settled in Great Britain, and almost immediately started private printing press. That periodical was one of their biggest projects. “Oficyna…” was one of few magazines published abroad devoted to Polish literature and art. During communism era it was aplace where Polish authors could publish not being afraid of repercussions or censorship. The magazine also integrated Polish intelligentsia around the world and was some kind of alternative for “Kultura” published in Paris. During the years the owners of “Oficyna Poetów iMalarzy” developed their skills and machine park of the press. Struggling from low budget and lack of support they still managed to maintain very high aesthetical level of their hand-made prints. The article is devoted to graphic and typographic form of the periodical. The Bednarczyks were editors, designers, typesetters and printers at the same time. They put great effort in selection of paper, print quality and acquired the most talented émigré illustrators to cooperate in “Oficyna…”. Aesthetic form of the magazine, as well as its cultural impact on Polish society in Great Britain can be sapid for researchers interested in emigration culture, literary magazines and niche printing movement in Great Britain.
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Gao, Jie. "Compromise and Defence: Great Britain and the Burma Road Crisis." China and Asia 3, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-030102.
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Abstract China and Britain both found themselves in extremely precarious situations by the early summer of 1940, when Japan demanded that Britain close the Burma Road, a vital overland supply route for Chinese forces fighting against Japanese aggression. The British had just seen all of their continental European allies fall like dominoes to Hitler’s forces over the span of a few weeks, while China was fighting a losing defensive war against Japan with minimal outside support. China desperately needed to maintain its overland supply line to the British Empire, the Burma Road, but Britain feared that the very existence of this conduit of war materiel would provoke a Japanese attack on vulnerable British colonies in the Far East. American policy on Japanese aggression was ambiguous at this point and neither Britain nor China could realistically expect help from Washington in the short term. As a result, Britain signed a one-sided confidential memorandum to close the Burma Road to buy time and shore up its East Asian position to the extent that it was able. This deal, a lesser-studied counterpart to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain’s appeasement policy in Europe, compromised the Chinese war effort against Japan, paved the way for the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia, and ultimately failed to prevent Britain’s defeat in East Asia. Recognizing that this temporary concession would not moderate Japanese behavior, Britain reopened the Burma Road three months later. This paper examines the vital role of the Burma Road in the Chinese war effort in 1940 and why Japan demanded that London close it, then explores the factors that led to Britain’s unavoidable capitulation on the issue and subsequent reversal three months later, along with the consequences for the Allied war effort in the Far East.
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Moore, James Ross. "Cole Porter in Britain." New Theatre Quarterly 8, no. 30 (May 1992): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00006564.
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The place of Cole Porter – the centenary of whose birth fell last June – within the tradition of the American musical has been well documented and fully discussed. Usually, however, this is at the expense of his earliest work, first as an exponent of Gilbertian pastiche, later as a dilettante ex-legionnaire in France – and then, as he grew aware of his own potential as a professional, in his work for the London theatre in the 1920s and early 1930s. Much of this was for revues mounted by the legendary impresario C. B. Cochran, though in 1933 the production of Nymph Errant proved to be his first and last original, full scale book musical for Britain, shortly before Porter's decision to move his home as well as his ambitions to Broadway. James Moore is a Cambridge-based writer, whose current work in progress includes a book on the British–American musical theatre and a full-length biography of Cochran's great rival, André Chariot – with whom Cole Porter finally collaborated in 1934, contributing ‘Miss Otis Regrets’ to the topical revue Hi Diddle Diddle.
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THORPE, ANDREW. "THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN, 1920–1945." Historical Journal 43, no. 3 (September 2000): 777–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99001181.
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The opening of archives in recent years makes it possible to reassess the membership of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) before 1945. The revised aggregate figures, while not startling, suggest that revisions to established views of the effects of the General Strike, the shift to the ‘new line’ and the popular front, are in order. The party's membership was very predominantly male, tended to be young, often included a high proportion of unemployed people, and was heavily working class, with miners especially significant. Geographically, its membership was dominated for most of the period by London, Scotland, Lancashire, and South Wales. There was also a very high turnover of membership for much of the period. The reasons for this turnover, and explanations for the circumstances in which the party was best able to recruit, are discussed. Over time the party's membership did become less unrepresentative of Britain as a whole, enabling it to become an organic, if minor, part of British political life. CPGB membership patterns have similarities with those of other Western Communist parties and its predecessor organizations in Britain, showing how the CPGB reflected features of both international Communism and the British left.
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Malkin, S. G. "Feudalism and the «Highland Problem» in the Public Sphere of Great Britain (1715–1745)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, no. 3 (2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-3-37-40.
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The article analyses representations on the feudal base of political economy in the Highlands of Scotland in the public sphere of Great Britain between the Jacobite rebellions in 1715–1716 and 1745–1746 in the context of solution of the «Highland Problem» through the appeasement, modernization of the region and strengthening loyalty of the Highlanders to the Hannover dynasty and the government in London.
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Smith, E. "Review: Theatre and Empire: Great Britain on the London Stages under James VI and I." Review of English Studies 53, no. 210 (May 1, 2002): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/53.210.252.
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Jovanovic, Miroslav. "Nikolaj Velimirovic’s letters to Aleksandar Belic sent from London 1916." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 82 (2016): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif1682167j.
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The Archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade holds four letters that the Nikolaj Velimirovic (1881-1956) sent in 1916. to philologist Aleksandar Belic (1876-1960). Both of them were send by the Serbian government in the missions at the the Allied capitals - Velimirovic in London, Belic in Petrograd. Velimirovic?s view of international relations and the importance of the impact of the Russian Empire in Great Britain led him to cooperation with Belic to help Serbia in achieving its war aims.
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Levine, Daniel. "The Danish Connection: A Note on the Making of British Old Age Pensions." Albion 17, no. 2 (1985): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049215.
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In the continuous discussion of how and how much Lloyd George was influenced by Germany in formulating Old Age Pensions and National Insurance, attention seems to have been almost wholly diverted from the degree to which the Danish example was discussed, recommended and clearly present in the consciousness of those who made the British Old Age Pension Act of 1908. There is no discussion of the issue in the standard work on the subject, Bentley B. Gilbert's The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain, (London, 1966) nor even any mention of “Denmark” in the index. The subject is likewise missing from Francis H. Stead's How Old Age Pensions Came to Be, (London [? 1910]), which Gilbert calls “indispensible.” Patricia Mary Williams barely mentions the subject in her detailed dissertation, “The Development of Old Age Pension Policy in Great Britain, 1878-1925” (University of London, 1970), and does not even do that much in the book she wrote under the name Pat Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (Essex, 1982) nor in the chapter on old age pensions in the book she edited, Origins of British Social Policy (London, 1978). Hugh Heclo in Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden (New Haven, 1974) mentions (p. 167) that the proposals of the commission in 1899 “resembled” the Danish system, but Heclo does not say how or why, and then never mentions the subject again. John Grigg, in his biography of Lloyd George is concerned with the man more than the issue, and does not analyze the source of the ideas behind the old age pension bill of 1908 in his Lloyd George, The People's Champion (Berkeley, 1978).
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Artamonova, E. A. "VLADIMIR REBIKOV AND HIS MUSIC IN GREAT BRITAIN (BASED ON ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS)." Arts education and science 1, no. 30 (2022): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202201010.
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In tsarist Russia, the musical legacy and views of Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov (1866–1920) — the "father of Russian modernism" — were often perceived with irony and misunderstanding, being called quackery and pretentious. In Soviet times Rebikov and his music were simply ignored for a long time, being categorically attributed to musical decadence. Interestingly, the British press spoke of Rebikov in a positive way. The publication of sheet music and frequent concert performances of the composer's music in London, in particular at the Proms in autumn 1916, laid the interest of the British audience in the composer, which lasted throughout the 20th century. And in general, the fate and work of Rebikov turned out to be full of unexpected twists, profound and beautiful, and the looming image of the composer is quite different from the usual one. The analysis of academic publications, as well as viola transcriptions of the distinguished British violists Lionel Tertis and Watson Forbes, hitherto unknown in Russia, is based on archival collections from British libraries.
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Buryan, Mykhailo, and Mariia Buryan. "South Caucasus in the plans of the warring parties on the eve of the Crimean War (1853–1856)." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (342) (2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-4(342)-84-98.
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This article deals with topical issues related to the analysis of the international situation that developed on the European continent, in the South Caucasus, in Asia Minor on the eve of the Crimean War (1853–1856). Special attention is paid to the geopolitical plans of Great Britain, France, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire in relation to the South Caucasus region, where the Russian Empire was quite strong at that time. As a result of the victorious Russo-Iranian (1804–1813) and Russo-Turkish (1806–1812) Wars, The Russian Empire controlled the territory of almost the entire Caucasus region, which could not but worry London, because this threatened the British presence in India-a colonial Pearl that Great Britain was not going to lose. British analysts warned their government about the danger from the Russian Empire, and the Western press supported them in this. France joined the anti-Russian coalition, pursuing its own goals. London and Paris have made efforts to get Vienna to stand up to Russia as well. As a result of the upcoming war, the countries of the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Circassian, etc.) were to fall under the Protectorate of Turkey and Great Britain. The author draws attention to the fact that there were several plans to start a war against the Russian Empire, in each of which a significant role was assigned to the Crimean Peninsula, the military-political and strategic importance of which does not lose its weight today, especially against the background of the tense situation in the black and Azov seas in our time.
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AGAMIROV, KAREN V. "140th Anniversary of Aristotelian Society in London (review of international conference, Great Britain, 10–12 July 2020) ." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2020-15-3-agamirov.
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The author reviewed the international scientific conference which take place online in Kent University 10–12 July 2020 in Great Britain. The conference organized be Mind Association with Kent University and devoted to the 140th anniversary of Aristotelian Society, made in London in 1880. In review considered the historical information on the stages of development of Aristotelian Society as a famous philosophical organization in the world
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Moore, James Ross. "The Gershwins in Britain." New Theatre Quarterly 10, no. 37 (February 1994): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000075.
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Overwhelmingly, the British reputation of George Gershwin is as a ‘serious’ composer: but this is liable to obscure not only the contributions he and his brother Ira made to the popular music theatre in Britain, but also, conversely, the British influences upon this seemingly all-American pair. George was profoundly influenced by that pre-eminent American Anglophile of his time, Jerome Kern, while British influences upon the semi-scholarly Ira extended far beyond W. S. Gilbert and P. G. Wodehouse. After ‘Swanee’ swept Britain in 1920, and George had honed his art and craft by writing the score for the West End revue, The Rainbow (1923), came the musical comedy, Primrose (1924) – its score his first to be published, and including some of his earliest orchestrations. A prototype of the frivolous comedies of the era, Primrose marked the first time the brothers were billed together as the Gershwins, since Ira had earlier written as ‘Arthur Francis’: it was also the immediate precursor of their first great Broadway hit, Lady, Be Good! Finally, in 1928, Ira collaborated, without George, on the London show That's a Good Girl – though Damsel in Distress, the brothers' last film musical, was a valedictory to the British-American musical comedy of the era. James Moore's earlier transatlantic study, of Cole Porter in Britain, appeared in NTQ30 (1992), and his Radio Two programme on the revue producer André Charlot was broadcast in October 1993.
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Nir, Roman. "The Activities of the Polish Section “War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference” in Great Britain from 10.12.1943 to 31.07.1946." Studia Polonijne 39 (July 30, 2019): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp.2018.10.
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WRS-NCWC Polish Projects activities in Great Britain started at the very moment of the arrival 30 November 1943 of the Rev. A. Wycislo, Delegate of WRS-NCEC, nominated by Executive Committee as Field Director, Polish Projects. Very Bishop J.F. Gawlina immediately created in London an NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Committee. Rev. Canon R. Gogolinski-Elston was nominated Secretary of this Central Committee. The common aims of NCWC activities all over the world were directing aims of NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Central Committees. The especial aim to have care about the Polish Soldier, his spiritual and moral welfare, and to ensure his cultural and educationall development in a truly Catholic and Polish atmosphere. Rev. Gogolinski-Elston was ordered to start work immediately and already on the 10th of December 1943 the Polish Hearth in Blackpool was taken over, as the first NCWC Centre for Poles in Gt. Britain. On the 12th of December 1943 NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish University Students was opened in Edinburgh, 15th December an NCWC Polish Air Force Canteen in Blackpool was opend, 24th of December 1943 an NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish Convalescent Airmen in Blackoop and NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre in Special Secret Duty Detachment in “X” (military secret) were created. Polish Projects in Gt. Britain will be an excellent testimonial to American Catholics with their Bishops, to War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference, organization with its so effective Executive and Field Director.
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Seklivanova, Irina. "Mexican Revolution 1910-1917 and British interests." Latin-american Historical Almanac 31, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-31-1-7-32.
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Mexico experienced relative political stability during the period of President Porfirio Diaz. This process was accompanied by accelerated capitalist development with dependence on foreign capital and the preservation of precapitalist features. The President of the country Diaz created favorable conditions for the penetration of foreign capital into the country's economy. Great Britain has shown an interest in establishing strong economic relations with the Mexican state, seeking to consolidate its economic dominance in the Latin American market. With the backing of the Diaz government in Mexico, major British entrepreneurs such as Whitman Pearson received favorable conditions to grow their businesses. At the same time, the country experienced a serious confrontation between Britain and the United States of America for influence on the Mexican economy and politics. The focus of the article is on the relationship between Great Britain and Mexico during the revolution of 1910-1917. The study reveals the position of London in relation to the Mexican governments replacing each other during the revolutionary events, headed by General Victoriano Huerta and the leader of the constitutionalists Venustiano Carranza.
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Filimonova, Anna Igorevna, and Natalya Nikolaevna Sulyaeva. "Role and Place of Great Britain in the Iraqi State Establishment and the Kurdish Problem Solution (1918-1941)." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 8 (July 20, 2020): 25 (80)—35 (88). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2008-03.
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The article reveals the problem of the Middle East in general and in particular that of the Persian Gulf and Iraq. The abundant oil reserves and advantageous geographical location motivated Great Britain to initiate the military, diplomatic, and political intervention into the Kurdish issue. The authors display it was London that laid the “time bomb” by initially supporting and subsequently rejecting the idea of an autonomous/independent Kurdistan establishment. Since then, the Kurdish national question has become a manipulation object and tool for external forces. The information in the article can be useful in preparing for lectures and hands-on in International Relations, Political Science. English version of the article is available on pp. 80-88 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/role-and-place-of-great-britain-in-the-iraqi-state-establishment-and-the-kurdish-problem-solution-1918-1941/66561.html
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Zhilkina, A. N., and M. H. R. Orusbiev. "Background, problems and solutions for introducing Islamic insurance in the United Kingdom." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (November 12, 2021): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-9-130-135.
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The article is devoted to the study of Islamic insurance in the United Kingdom. It has been established that insurance is a major component of the state’s financial system. At the same time, there has been a rapid development of Islamic finance in recent years. The total Muslim population in the UK in 2020 is 4,130,000. Despite its low Muslim population, Great Britain is taking a proactive stance in developing Islamic finance. Despite the low number of Muslims, Great Britain is taking an active position in the development of Islamic finance. The country has established principles for the development of takafuls, and the market is being regulated. In addition, an ambitious target has been set for London to become an Islamic finance centre. There are currently positive trends in the takaful market. Despite this situation, further development in this area is required.
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Redvaldsen, David. "The Role of Britain in Late Modern Norwegian History: A Longitudinal Study." Britain and the World 9, no. 1 (March 2016): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0212.
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Concentrating on the strength of the mutual relationship, this article examines crucial periods in Anglo-Norwegian history since 1814. In the November Treaty (1855) Britain and France guaranteed the Swedish-Norwegian union's territory against Russian encroachment. Britain was not supportive of Norwegian independence in 1905, though she had wanted better terms for Norway within the union. From a Norwegian perspective, Britain was the most important signatory to the Integrity Treaty (1907) whereby the great powers guaranteed her territory. Due to her neutrality Norway could not openly support Britain, but many events prior to 1940 showed that she oriented her foreign policy primarily towards London. The German invasion and Norway's subsequent entry into the Second World War on the side of the Allies, fostered much warmer Anglo-Norwegian relations. These were cemented by the creation of NATO in 1949, in which both nations participated. In the 1950s even British officials occasionally described the ties as a ‘special relationship’. In that decade and in the 1960s, Britain preferred to work with the Scandinavian nations in multilateral organizations such as UNISCAN and EFTA. In 1973, however, Britain entered the EEC, whereas the Norwegian people had voted to reject the membership their government was recommending. The great power's interests shifted away from Scandinavia towards mainland Europe. Consequently, relations with Norway became more distant. Norway's second stalled bid to enter the EU in 1994 underlined that the two countries have drifted apart. The article nevertheless argues that Britain was Norway's lodestar between 1905 and 1973.
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Lüdecke, Cornelia. "Scientific collaboration in Antarctica (1901–04): a challenge in times of political rivalry." Polar Record 39, no. 1 (January 2003): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247402002735.
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When geographers recommended the exploration of the Antarctic regions at the close of the nineteenth century, Germany and Britain were eager to do their best. The promoters of Antarctic research, such as Georg von Neumayer (1826–1909) in Hamburg and Clements Markham (1830–1916) in London, could finally raise enough money to build national flagships for science. Despite unfavourable political circumstances, due to political rivalry between Germany and Great Britain, the leaders of the expeditions — Erich von Drygalski (1865–1949) and Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912) — agreed to a scientific collaboration with regard to meteorological and magnetic measurements in Antarctica during 1901–1903, which later was extended until 1904. This paper reveals that favourable circumstances such as the International Geographical Congresses in London (1895) and Berlin (1899) played a major role in increasing scientific interest in and public support of Antarctic research, ultimately leading to international collaboration.
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Nikolic, Kosta. "Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the resistance movements in Yugoslavia, 1941." Balcanica, no. 50 (2019): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950339n.
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During the Second World War a brutal and distinctly complex war was fought in Yugoslavia. It was a mixture of an anti-fascist struggle for liberation as well as an ideological, civil, inter-ethnic and religious war, which witnessed a holocaust and genocide against Jews and Serbs. At least a million Yugoslavs died in that war, most of them ethnic Serbs. In their policies towards Yugoslavia, each of the three Allied Powers (the United States of America, the Soviet Union and Great Britain) had their short-term and long-term goals. The short-term goals were victory over the Axis powers. The long-term goals were related to the post-war order in Europe (and the world). The Allies were unanimous about the short-term goals, but differed with respect to long-term goals. The relations between Great Britain and the Soviet Union were especially sensitive: both countries wanted to use a victory in the war as a means of increasing their political power and influence. Yugoslavia was a useful buffer zone between British and Soviet ambitions, as well as being the territory in which the resistance to the Axis was the strongest. The relations between London and Moscow grew even more complicated when the two local resistance movements clashed over their opposing ideologies: nationalism versus communism. The foremost objective of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) was to effect a violent change to the pre-war legal and political order of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
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Satan, Ali, and Meral Balcı. "The Turkish Province from an English Diplomat’s Viewpoint 70 Years Ago." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v9i1.p7-13.
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In 1947, a British diplomat conducted a visit to the places travelled rarely by local and foreign travelers, The Black Sea Coast between Samsun and Giresun in the North, the Malatya-Erzincan train line in the South, the Sivas-Erzurum train route in the West, Erzincan-Şebinkarahisar- Giresun in the East, and reported what he saw to London. In secret report, there provided military, political, ethnographic and historical information. In rapidly changing life conditions in the world, this secret report, which was written seventy years ago, set us on a historical journey. In the year, which the secret report was written, Turkey preferred being part of Western bloc in newly established bipolar international system and British diplomats were trying to understand how Britain and the Soviet Union were looked at in the regions they visited. In the secret report, there were also striking observations regarding the activities of the newly formed opposition party (Democratic Party) in Anatolia, the distance between the Turkish elites and the Anatolian villagers, and the military-civilian relationship in Anatolia.
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Leventhal, F. M. "“A Tonic to the Nation”: The Festival of Britain, 1951." Albion 27, no. 3 (1995): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051737.
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No event of the post-Second World War decade in Britain is recalled as affectionately or enveloped in such an aura of nostalgia as the Festival of Britain, a five-month series of cultural events and exhibits, with its centerpiece at the South Bank in London. But the Festival dear to the recollections of those growing up during and after the war diverged sharply from the original conception of its progenitors.In 1943 the Royal Society of the Arts, partly responsible for the Great Exhibition of 1851, suggested to the government that an international exhibition along similar lines be staged in 1951 to commemorate the earlier event. To propose a celebratory occasion in 1943 was an act of faith that the war would not only end successfully, but that Britain would have recovered sufficiently by 1951 to warrant such a demonstration. In September 1945, with the war over and Labour in power, Gerald Barry, the editor of the News Chronicle, addressed an open letter to Stafford Cripps, then President of the Board of Trade, advocating a trade and cultural exhibition in London as a way of commemorating the centenary of the Crystal Palace. Such an exhibition would advertise British products and display British prowess in design and craftsmanship. He favored a site in the center of London, such as Hyde Park or Battersea, either of which would provide ample space for such an exhibition. What prompted these suggestions was the need to provide practical help to British commerce at a time when it was clearly under pressure shifting from wartime controls to peacetime competition.
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Lunev, S. M. "The Image of Great Britain in the Soviet Press in the Context of the Spanish Civil War (1936‒1939)." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 196–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-1-196-222.
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The developments of the Spanish Civil War in 1936–1939, including its international aspects, have been thoroughly studied both in foreign and in Russian historiography. However, the introduction of new research approaches, in this case imagology, allows us to revisit even the well-established views. The paper examines the сreation and subsequent development of the image of Great Britain in the Soviet press in the context of the Spanish Civil War. The research draws on publications in the Soviet ‘Pravda’ and ‘Izvestiya’ newspapers, as well as in the ‘Ogoniok’, ‘Za rubezhom’ and ‘Agitator’s Sputnik’ magazines. The study reveales a rather ambiguous position of the Soviet press in relation to the British policy in Spain. Several topics played a key role in creating the image of the ‘Foggy Albion’ in the Soviet press. The leitmotif of publications of the Soviet journalists was the image of the empire in decline. In this regard, the Soviet press emphasized the acquiescence of the British government faced with aggressive actions from Francoists backed by Germany and Italy, as well as its inability to protect national interests of its own state. Parallel to this, the image of Great Britain as a split society was created. The Soviet journalists stressed that passivity of the government caused mounting criticism from both political left and right. At the same time, they praised the work of the civil society and volunteers in support of the republic. Finally, the Soviet media bashed London for its gradual drift from non-intervention towards appeasement and even direct inducement of aggressors. The author concludes that the image of Great Britain created in the Soviet press was intended to convince the Soviet public opinion in the fallacy of the British policy. In the face of an impending global war, London was portrayed as an unreliable ally, prone to concessions to aggressors.
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Zeuske, Michael. "Vries, Peer: State, Economy and the Great Divergence. Great Britain and China, 1680s–1850s, London [u.a] 2015 (paperback, 504 S., Tabellen, Karten)." Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/4930_165.
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NEIBERG, MICHAEL S. "Revisiting the Myths: New Approaches to the Great War." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001924.
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Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 14–18: Understanding the Great War (New York: Hill & Wang), 280 pp., $24.00, ISBN 0-8090-4643-1.Jeremy Black, ed., War in the Modern World since 1815 (London: Routledge, 2003), 268 pp., £18.99, ISBN 0-415-25140-0.Gail Braybon, ed., Evidence, History, and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–18 (Oxford: Berghahn, 2003), 304 pp., £50.00, ISBN 1-57181-726-7.Roger Chickering and Stig Förster, eds., The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939 (Washington, DC, and Cambridge: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 2003), 364 pp., $60.00, ISBN 0-521-81236-4.Andrew Green, Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–48 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200 pp., £19.99, ISBN 0-7146-8430-9.John H. Morrow Jr, The Great War: An Imperial History (New York: Routledge, 2003), 352 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-415-20439-9.Mario Morselli, Caporetto, 1917: Victory or Defeat? (London: Frank Cass, 2000), 176 pp., £65.00 (hb), ISBN 0-714-65073-0.Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War, Myths and Realities (London: Headline, 2001), 318 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-747-27157-7.The powers of Europe fought the Great War for more than four years, but it took France fifteen years to write its official history, Germany nineteen years, and the United Kingdom an astonishing twenty-six years. These works, moreover, encompass only land operations and fill twenty-three extraordinarily detailed volumes for France, an equal number for Great Britain, and fourteen volumes for Germany. The time and energy needed to compile the thousands of necessary documents, organise that data, and construct the interpretations reflect both the enormity of the war itself and the difficulty of finding meaning in an event that so deeply shook the continent.
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Shibli, Simon, Chris Gratton, and Jerry Bingham. "A forecast of the performance of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the London 2012 Olympic Games." Managing Leisure 17, no. 2-3 (July 2012): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2012.674399.
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Ritchie, J. M. "Holocaust refugees in Great Britain and the research centre for German and Austrian exile studies in London." Immigrants & Minorities 21, no. 1-2 (March 2002): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619288.2002.9975031.
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NAISH, DARREN, and DAVID M. MARTILL. "Dinosaurs of Great Britain and the role of the Geological Society of London in their discovery: Ornithischia." Journal of the Geological Society 165, no. 3 (May 2008): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-154.
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Tochman, Krzysztof A. "Zapomniany kurier do Delegatury Rządu. Ppor. Napoleon Segieda „Wera” (1908–1991)." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 20, no. 3 (2021): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2021.3.4.
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The article presents Second Lieutenant Napoleon Segieda, alias Gustav Molin “Wera” or Jerzy Salski (after the war), born in the Zamość region, a resident of Pomerania, and a political courier to the government of the Polish Underground State (during the war), parachuted to the country on the night of 7th November 1941. The paper is the first attempt to show his biography and military achievements. He was a participant in the war of 1939 (the defense of Warsaw), and then, a prisoner of war in the German camps, whence, after many trials and tribulations, he arrived at the Polish Forces base in Great Britain. On completing his mission in the country (summer 1942), Segieda set off to London again with the first comprehensive report of the Polish Underground State to the Polish government-in-exile, London. As early as in 1942, being a witness to the extermination, he alerted the world to the Holocaust, to practically no effect, since the West was not particularly interested in the problem. From spring to summer 1942, Napoleon Segieda stayed in the city of Oświęcim where he collected information about the Concentration Camp Auschwitz. On 8th August 1942, he left Warsaw and, via Cracow and Vienna, reached Switzerland where, for unknown reasons, he got stuck on the way to London for a few months. His report was later distributed among many important and influential politicians of the allied community in Great Britain and the USA. It is worth mentioning that the messages on the Holocaust by Stefan Karboński (the head of the leadership of civil combat) also arrived in London during the summer 1942. After the war, Napoleon Segieda settled down in London, under the surname of Jerzy Salski, where he died completely forgotten.
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Racine, Karen. "“This England and This Now”: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-002.
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Abstract This essay argues that Great Britain provided the strongest and most relevant contemporary model for the Spanish American independence leaders. Over the course of two eventful decades, 1808 to 1826, over 70 patriot leaders made the long and difficult journey to London to seek political recognition, arms, recruits, and financial backing for their emancipation movements. Countless others remained at home in Spanish America but allied themselves with Britain through their commercial ventures, their ideological affiliation, or their enthusiastic emulation of British institutions, inventions, and practices such as the Lancasterian system of monitorial education, trial by jury, freedom of the press laws, steam engines, and mining technology. This generation of independence leaders carried on a purposeful correspondence with famous British figures such as abolitionist William Wilberforce, prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, utilitarian philosophers Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, scientist Humphrey Davy, and vaccination proponent Edward Jenner. Their conscious choice to draw closer to Great Britain, rather than Napoleonic France or the early republican United States, reveals much about the kind of cultural model the Spanish American independence leaders admired and their vision of the countries they wanted to create.