Journal articles: 'Travelers Australia'

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Bianchi, Constanza, and Sandra Milberg. "Investigating non-visitors’ intentions to travel to a long-haul holiday destination." Journal of Vacation Marketing 23, no. 4 (June 14, 2016): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766716653646.

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This article aims to expand our understanding of the main drivers of traveler’s intention to visit a long-haul holiday destination drawing on a model of consumer-based brand equity. The authors propose and test a conceptual model using data from a sample of 152 Chilean travelers who have not visited Australia previously. The findings show that the image and value of Australia are positively and significantly related to Chilean traveler’s intention to visit this destination for holidays. Awareness of Australia has only an indirect effect on intentions to visit this destination through its effect on brand image. Finally, perceptions of brand quality were not significantly related to Chilean traveler’s intention to visit Australia for holidays. This study contributes to the tourism and leisure literature by identifying the main drivers for attracting long-haul potential travelers who have not visited the destination previously.

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Pyke, Alyssa T., Keat Choong, Frederick Moore, Sanmarié Schlebusch, Carmel Taylor, Glen Hewitson, Jamie McMahon, et al. "A Case of Japanese Encephalitis with a Fatal Outcome in an Australian Who Traveled from Bali in 2019." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030133.

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A severe case of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, resulting in fatality, occurred in an unvaccinated Australian male traveler from Bali, Indonesia, in 2019. During hospitalisation in Australia, patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yielded JEV-specific IgM antibodies and RNA, and an isolate of the virus. Ongoing transmission of JEV in Bali underscores this pathogen as a public health risk and the importance of appropriate health, vaccination and mosquito avoidance advice to prospective travelers to the region.

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Wang, Ying, Kevin Kam Fung So, and Beverley A. Sparks. "Technology Readiness and Customer Satisfaction with Travel Technologies: A Cross-Country Investigation." Journal of Travel Research 56, no. 5 (July 31, 2016): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516657891.

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Technologies have dramatically transformed tourist experience. However, research has largely focused on traveler attitudes and technology adoption rather than their experience with travel technologies. Taking a cross-country perspective, this study examines the role of technology readiness (TR) as a personality trait in shaping travelers’ satisfaction with travel technologies, using airlines as a case study. Results of an online survey of travelers in Australia, China, and the United States revealed the moderating effects of the TR dimensions of optimism and innovativeness as well as country of residence on the relationships between perceived quality of technology-enabled services (TESs), satisfaction with TESs, overall satisfaction, and future behavior. These relationships were stronger among travelers with higher TR and varied across countries. The results suggest that tourism and hospitality service providers should incorporate measures of traveler TR and TESs’ performance into their customer-experience monitoring system.

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Loker-Murphy, Laurie, and Philip L. Pearce. "Young budget travelers: Backpackers in Australia." Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 4 (January 1995): 819–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00026-0.

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Rigney, Gabrielle, Ashlee Walters, Yu Sun Bin, Erica Crome, and Grace E. Vincent. "Jet-Lag Countermeasures Used by International Business Travelers." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5874.2021.

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INTRODUCTION: Research has highlighted the significant impact that jet lag can have upon performance, health, and safety. International business travelers have an important role in economic growth; however, there is a lack of research investigating jet lag and jet-lag management in international business travelers. This study aimed to investigate international business travelers use of jet-lag countermeasures. METHODS: International business travelers from Australia (N = 107) participated in a survey examining use of jet-lag countermeasures (pharmacological and nonpharmacological). Chi-squared tests were conducted examining the association between duration of stay and traveling experience on jet-lag countermeasure use. RESULTS: Most subjects had traveled for business for less than 15 yr and 57% reported taking between 14 trips annually. Durations of stay averaged 10 d (SD 13 d). Nonpharmacological countermeasure use was high. Pharmacological countermeasure use was less common. There were no significant associations between duration of stay and countermeasure implementation. Travel experience was only associated with nonpharmacological countermeasures after arrival home. CONCLUSION: Education programs delivered through businesses would be beneficial for providing information on jet lag, its implications, and recommended countermeasures to travelers. Rigney G, Walters A, Bin YS, Crome E, Vincent GE. Jet-lag countermeasures used by international business travelers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(10):825830.

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Leggat, Peter A., and Frances W. Leggat. "Travel Insurance Claims Made by Travelers from Australia." Journal of Travel Medicine 9, no. 2 (March 8, 2006): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2002.21444.

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Shakeel, Kiran, Taha Hossein Rashidi, and Travis S. Waller. "Choice Set Formation Behavior in Selecting Travel Routes: Application of an Interactive Online Survey Platform." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2669, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2669-01.

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One of the major challenges associated with the analysis of route choice modeling is the formulation of the choice set of alternatives that may allow a relatively accurate prediction of demand for travel routes. The subset of route alternatives in the choice set should be relevant and feasible and include the attributes considered most by travelers when they choose a route. This research investigated the role and significance of route choice set formations with a focus on the perspectives of the modeler and of travelers. Revealed preference data were collected from Sydney, Australia, residents about their choice of route for their most recent commuting trip. The survey tool was programmed to use the Google Maps application programming interfaces to collect the route choice information, including the selected route and the set of routes that were considered. Three discrete choice models were used to investigate the traveler’s inclination toward certain attributes of routes, considering both car and public transit routes with the master choice set. The effect of possible bias generated because of the formation of route choice from the perspective of the modeler was also analyzed and presented with the results. The results show the intuitive signs of various attributes, with travel time being the significant factor for route choice. The difference between the choice sets considered by the traveler and by the modeler also suggests that those considered by the modeler possess enough variation to offer the possibility of better capturing important factors affecting route choice behavior.

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Haugen, Heidi Østbø, and Angela Lehmann. "Adverse articulation: Third countries in China–Australia student migration during COVID-19." Dialogues in Human Geography 10, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820620934939.

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Southeast Asian countries were articulated with the Australia–China value chain for educational services early in the COVID-19 outbreak, when travelers from China could enter Australia only via stopovers in third countries. The routes, advertised by migration brokers, allowed Australia to externalize risk of infection while profiting from international student mobility.

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Sandy Br. Ginting, May, I. Made Kusuma Negara, and I. Nyoman Sudiarta. "ANALISIS SEGMENTASI PASAR WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA YANG BERKUNJUNG KE BALI DARI ASPEK SOSIO-EKONOMI DEMOGRAFI, PSIKOGRAFI, DAN PERILAKU." Jurnal IPTA 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2015.v03.i02.p17.

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Tourists visiting Bali diverse and consists of various nationalities. In this case the purpose of segmentation is done in order to target the right market to serve customers better and improve the name of Bali as a tourist destination. As for the more specific purpose, among others, to increase sales, improve market share, communication and promotion and strengthening the image. In this case the segmentation analysis is helpful to understand the needs and desires of purchasing power (needs, wants, and purchasing power). The purpose of this study was to determine differences in behavior, desires and lifestyles of foreign tourists visiting Bali. In conducting the survey questionnaire with a number of researchers spread respondent 138 people were divided on several continents, namely 54 respondents from Europe, 32 respondents from Asia, 30 respondents from Australia and 22 respondents from America. In this study data analysis using SPSS(statistical package for social science) version 20 with Microsoft Excel. The result showed that differences are significant third against segmentation surveyed: segmentation socio-economic demographic, psychographic, and behavior by continent. Travelers who originated from Europe prefer cultural tourism and stayed ? 6 days, travelers from Australia prefer beach activities and stayed more than 2 weeks, travelers from America also prefer beach activities and stayed ? 6 days, but Asia travelers showed they prefer Adventures activities when they visited Bali and stayed ? 6 days.

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Tani, Massimiliano. "On the Motivations of Business Travel: Evidence from an Australian Survey." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, no. 4 (December 2005): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400402.

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This paper presents the results of a survey of international business travelers to and from Australia carried out at Sydney Airport in May 2003 to understand the motivations underlying business travel. Data gathered from a sample of 210 business travelers indicate that knowledge sharing is a very common motivation to undertake a business trip while boosting sales is the least common. Business trips emerge as a mechanism to access, develop and transfer knowledge internationally, and possibly affect a country's ability to innovate.

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Yu, X., and B. Weiler. "Mainland Chinese Pleasure Travelers to Australia: A Leisure Behavior Analysis." Tourism Culture & Communication 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830401108750715.

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Leggat, Peter A., and Seelan S. Thava. "Resources Utilized by General Practitioners for Advising Travelers from Australia." Journal of Travel Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2006): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2003.30666.

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Rees, Anne. "“A Season in Hell”." Pacific Historical Review 86, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 632–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.4.632.

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Australian women travelers in early twentieth-century New York often recoiled from the frenetic pace of the city, which surpassed anything encountered in either Britain or Australia. This article employs their travel accounts to lend support to the growing recognition that modernity took different forms throughout the world and to contribute to the project of mapping those differences. I argue that “hustle” was a defining feature of the New York modern, comparatively little evident in Australia, and I propose that the southern continent had developed a model of modern life that privileged pleasure-seeking above productivity. At a deeper level, this line of thinking suggests that modernization should not be conflated with the relentless acceleration of daily life; it thus complicates the ingrained assumption that speed and modernity go hand-in-hand.

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Wagatsuma, Keita, Iain S. Koolhof, Yugo Shobugawa, and Reiko Saito. "Shifts in the epidemic season of human respiratory syncytial virus associated with inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions in Japan, 2014–2017: An ecological study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e0248932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248932.

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Few studies have examined the effects of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions on the shift in human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) season in Japan. This study aims to test whether the number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions are associated with the onset week of HRSV epidemic season. The estimation of onset week for 46 prefectures (except for Okinawa prefecture) in Japan for 4-year period (2014–2017) was obtained from previous papers based on the national surveillance data. We obtained data on the yearly number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological (yearly mean temperature and relative humidity) conditions from Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), respectively. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regression analysis showed that every 1 person (per 100,000 population) increase in number of overall inbound overseas travelers led to an earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in the year by 0.02 week (coefficient –0.02; P<0.01). Higher mean temperature and higher relative humidity were also found to contribute to an earlier onset week by 0.30 week (coefficient –0.30; P<0.05) and 0.18 week (coefficient –0.18; P<0.01), respectively. Additionally, models that included the number of travelers from individual countries (Taiwan, South Korea, and China) except Australia showed that both the number of travelers from each country and meteorological conditions contributed to an earlier onset week. Our analysis showed the earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in Japan is associated with increased number of inbound overseas travelers, higher mean temperature, and relative humidity. The impact of international travelers on seasonality of HRSV can be further extended to investigations on the changes of various respiratory infectious diseases especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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Keshavarzian, Pedram, and Cheng-Lung Wu. "Exploring the Effect of Sequentially Receiving Airline and Destination Information on the Choice Behavior of Tourism Destinations." Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287520904781.

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This article reports the results of a holiday destination choice model of domestic travelers in Australia. Although destination choices have been studied before, travelers’ behavior when choosing an airline ticket is less well investigated, in particular the effect of the choice of airline ticket and tourism features on each other and on the final destination choice. Multinomial logit (MNL) models were estimated using data from a Stated Preference (SP) choice experiment based on a D-Efficient design. Following the leader-driven primacy phenomenon, the article also tests whether destination choices are influenced by sequentially receiving information about airline tickets and tourism features. Results show that when airline ticket information is presented first, the destination choice behavior could be affected. In this context, the information sequencing effect is clear. However, the influence of tourism features is not as clear on the final choice when travelers are first exposed to tourism features and then airline tickets.

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Smith, Simon, Josh Hanson, William J. H. McBride, and Gael E. Phillips. "Case Report: Endemic Amebiasis in Australia: Implications for Residents, Travelers, and Clinicians." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0004.

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Nguyen-Phuoc, Duy Q., Graham Currie, Chris De Gruyter, and William Young. "Net Impacts of Streetcar Operations on Traffic Congestion in Melbourne, Australia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2648, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2648-01.

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Public transit is widely recognized to reduce urban traffic congestion, as it encourages automobile travelers off the road. However, streetcars have been criticized for causing traffic congestion because large trams must operate in mixed traffic on narrow, congested streets. At the same time, streetcars reduce congestion by encouraging automobile drivers to use trams. So what is the net effect of streetcars on congestion? This paper presents a new method for assessing the net traffic congestion effects associated with streetcar operations in Melbourne, Australia, which has the largest streetcar network in the world. Impacts were determined with the use of a traffic network model to compare congestion with trams and without trams. The positive impacts of trams were estimated by using mode shift from tram to automobile when tram services were removed. Negative impacts were explored by considering streetcar traffic operations, the impact of curbside tram stops, and the effect of exclusive priority tram lanes on traffic flow. Findings show that the streetcar network in inner Melbourne results in a net congestion benefit to traffic; a 3.4% decrease in vehicle time traveled and total delay on the road network was established. The streetcar network also contributes to reducing the number of moderately congested links by 16%. Areas for future research are suggested, such as exploring the spatial distribution of the mode shift to automobile and the long-term effect of trams on traffic.

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Leggat, Peter A. "Health Advice Provided to Hostelers from Australia: Influence of a Travelers' Information Evening." Journal of Travel Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 2002): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2002.22460.

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Fullerton, Jami A., and Alice Kendrick. "Australia tourism advertising: A test of the bleed-over effect among US travelers." Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 7, no. 4 (October 28, 2011): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/pb.2011.17.

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Nazarska, Georgeta. "Emigrants, Travelers, and Escapers: the Haidutoff Family between Occident and Orient." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i2.10.

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The article examines the migrations of young Bulgarians abroad in the 1920-1930s, caused by the Great Depression and in particular the labor migrations of Bulgarian musicians in Egypt and the Near East and their cultural and social interactions with the Bulgarian diaspora there and with the local population. The focus of the study is the travels of the Haidutoff family – a musical trio that has made a living in Egypt for many years, and in the 1920s-1930s traveled and gave concerts in Argentina, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Australia and Java island, then returned to Bulgaria and re-emigrated to Egypt. The text analyzes how their mobility is facilitated by blood-related networks, professional networks and interest networks, how it enables their nationalism to interact with the international environment, and how they perceive the West and the East (Orient) as traveling people through their own cultural stereotypes and social distances. The fate of the violinist Nedyalka Simeonova – the daughter-in-law in the family and a member of the musical trio – is traced in detail.

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King, Brian E. M., and M. Ari Gamage. "Measuring the Value of the Ethnic Connection: Expatriate Travelers from Australia to Sri Lanka." Journal of Travel Research 33, no. 2 (October 1994): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759403300208.

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Peden, Amy E., Richard C. Franklin, and Peter A. Leggat. "International travelers and unintentional fatal drowning in Australia—a 10 year review 2002–12." Journal of Travel Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 2016): tav031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tav031.

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Lavender, C. J., M. Globan, P. D. R. Johnson, P. G. P. Charles, G. A. Jenkin, N. Ghosh, B. M. Clark, M. Martinello, and J. A. M. Fyfe. "Buruli Ulcer Disease in Travelers and Differentiation of Mycobacterium ulcerans Strains from Northern Australia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50, no. 11 (August 8, 2012): 3717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01324-12.

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Brennan, Christopher. "Backpackers or Working Holiday Makers? Working Tourists in Australia." Qualitative Sociology Review 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.3.05.

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This article looks at a potential divergence of characteristics between backpackers and working holiday makers in Australia. While both are often lumped together within academic study, working holiday makers have a legal right to pursue employment and are entitled to rights and standards of work that come with paid employment, whereas backpackers, as young budget travelers, do not. Drawing on data from autoethnographic fieldwork, qualitative interviews, and empirical analysis of previous studies, this article identifies a conceivable divergence between backpackers and working holiday makers in Australia: the activity of paid employment. The investigation highlights empirical factors and circumstances that contribute to a separation as compared to previous discussions and studies. The paper concludes by suggesting that more emphasis should be given to working holiday makers as a distinct group of working tourists who, in fact, have rights as workers, disjoining them from the label “backpacker,” which is more commonly understood as a form of young budget tourist.

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Rees, Yves. "Making Waves across the Pacific." Feminist Media Histories 5, no. 3 (2019): 85–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2019.5.3.85.

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This article examines how women's broadcasting promoted consciousness and appreciation of the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. These were decades in which Australians had limited access to US news and culture, and Hollywood dominated local imaginings of US society. In this climate, Australians who had lived Stateside were hailed as authorities on the nation and its people, and they often spoke on radio. Among these “America educators” were significant numbers of women. Armed with firsthand knowledge of the wider world, these female travelers could claim space in a broadcasting landscape otherwise dominated by men. Through their radio broadcasts, they aspired to foster transpacific understanding and friendship. Women's broadcasting was therefore a cultural force at the vanguard of Australia's “turn to America.” More than a manifestation of US popular culture, radio depicted the United States as an ally of and model for Australia during an era of entrenched British allegiance.

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Quinn, Emma, Allena Cheong, Julie Calvert, Geoffrey Higgins, Trish Hahesy, David Gordon, and Jillian Carr. "Clinical Features and Laboratory Findings of Travelers Returning to South Australia with Dengue Virus Infection." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3010006.

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Xie, Li, and Brent W. Ritchie. "The motivation, constraint, behavior relationship: A holistic approach for understanding international student leisure travelers." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766717750421.

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Although motivations, constraints, and negotiation strategies influence travel decision-making, few studies have explored them together in a holistic way. This article explored these factors through testing the constraint-effects-mitigation (CEM) model in the tourism context of international university students’ travel. A questionnaire was administered to 373 international university students studying in Australia. The CEM model was only partially supported. Intrapersonal constraints had a stronger influence on travel intention than interpersonal and structural constraints. Behavioral negotiation strategies had a stronger effect on intention than cognitive strategies. Negotiation only partially mediated the relationship between constraints and intention. Practical implications and future research recommendations are also outlined.

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Nimri, Rawan, Anoop Patiar, Sandra Kensbock, and Xin Jin. "Consumers’ Intention to Stay in Green Hotels in Australia: Theorization and Implications." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44, no. 1 (July 13, 2019): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348019862602.

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Despite multiple calls to protect the environment, adopting environmentally friendly behaviors is still considered to be one of the most persistent challenges in behavior transformation agendas. This study sought to expand existing knowledge of hotel consumers’ green behaviors by developing and testing an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. More specifically, this study incorporated past experience into the theory of planned behavior model to understand comprehensively consumers’ decision-making processes with respect to their intentions to stay at a green hotel. Results from the structural model from a sample of 781 Australian travelers showed that the proposed theoretical framework had a strong ability to predict intention and identified the prominent role of past experience in generating intention. The results offer further perspectives into consumers’ decision-making processes, which can assist hotel managers in the development and execution of hotel operations accounting for consumers’ environmentally friendly purchase behavior.

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Boris Dernbach, Katherine. "Roger Ivar Lohmann, ed. Dream Travelers: Sleep Experiences and Culture in the Western Pacific. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 246 pp." Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 3 (July 2004): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417504220291.

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Dream Travelers is a collection of essays focusing on Western Pacific societies that weaves together new theoretical insights and richly detailed ethnographic analyses on dreams as travels. The result is a fascinating and impressively coherent volume. Recognizing that dreams in most societies are considered to represent actual travels of the human soul across temporal, spatial, and spiritual planes, the contributors take as their starting point questions about the social/political, cosmological/religious, and personal/psychological consequences of this assumption in eleven societies scattered across Melanesia, Aboriginal Australia, and Indonesia. Lohmann's introduction provides an informative historical overview of the social science literature on dreams, and then confronts methodological and epistemological problems that have long-stymied those whose interests in dreams are more cultural than psychoanalytical. These problems stem from the widely accepted notion that dreams are more problematic than other kinds of experiences because they are personal/private/internal and can only be made social/public through narrative. Dreams, so it goes, can only be known in a limited, biased, and filtered way. But, as Kracke reminds us in his Afterword, the inability to directly share experience or verify their content is not a unique feature of dreams, but extends to all sorts of social and cultural phenomena. More importantly for the volume's authors, these assumptions a bias in anthropological thinking about dreams as mere (often bizarre) imaginings of the individual, rather than as actual travel experiences that are fundamentally important to social, political, and religious life.

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Gautret, Philippe, Marc Shaw, Pierre Gazin, Georges Soula, Jean Delmont, Philippe Parola, Marie José Soavi, Philippe Brouqui, D. Elizabeth Matchett, and Joseph Torresi. "Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis in Returned Injured Travelers From France, Australia, and New Zealand: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Travel Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00164.x.

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Webb, Cameron E., and Richard C. Russell. "Advice to Travelers on Topical Insect Repellent Use Against Dengue Mosquitoes in Far North Queensland, Australia." Journal of Travel Medicine 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2011.00528.x.

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Arya, Subhash C., and Nirmala Agarwal. "Advice to Travelers on Topical Insect Repellent Use Against Dengue Mosquitoes in Far North Queensland, Australia." Journal of Travel Medicine 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 434.1–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2011.00560_1.x.

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Janick, Jules. "Plant Exploration: From Queen Hatshepsut to Sir Joseph Banks." HortScience 42, no. 2 (April 2007): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.191.

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The worldwide exchange of fruits has been facilitated by traders, travelers, sovereigns, conquerors, diplomats, missionaries, and botanists. The beginnings of organized plant exploration date to the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, who, as early as 2000 bce, brought back exotic trees and plants in their foreign campaigns and illustrated them on their temple walls. Queen Hatshepsut (ca. 1500 bce) sent out ships to bring back trees from the land of Punt (northeast African coast). The exchange of plants throughout antiquity was a by-product of trade routes between East and West as well as though the campaigns of conquerors including Alexander, the warriors of Islam, Genghis Khan, and the crusades. The age of exploration starting at the end of the 15th century was inspired by the search for a sea route to the spice-rich East. The encounter of Columbus with the Americas brought about an explosive exchange of New World and Old World plants. The rise of science in the 17th and 18th centuries was associated with botanical exploration involving travels and expeditions, including Hans Sloan to the West Indies, James Cunningham to China, Georg Eberhard Rumpf (Rumphius) to the Moluccas, and Sir Joseph Banks to Newfoundland, Labrador, South America Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia, the Malay Archipelago, Hebrides, and Iceland.

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Dincer, Demet, and Ozgur Gocer. "Quarantine Hotels: The Adaptation of Hotels for Quarantine Use in Australia." Buildings 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120617.

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The COVID-19 global health crisis has spatial implications concerning social isolation to control the spread of the virus. The preventive measures require travelers to stay in mandatory quarantine for 14 days upon arrival from another country. Due to a shortage of government facilities, more hotels have started to function as quarantine facilities. This research focuses on quarantine hotels in Australia, as one of the first countries to implement an international border restriction, to evaluate the spatial needs of users and what see outcomes can be identified. By primarily focusing on hotel users’ well-being during the isolation period, this paper responds to an information gap regarding the quarantine hotel system by providing user opinions on the negative and positive factors affecting their well-being. A survey with multiple-choice and open-ended questionnaire items was conducted with 54 participants to investigate their experiences in quarantine hotels. Among the nine key sources of well-being, the three highest-scored responses were an operable window (4.7), ventilation (4.5), and natural lighting (4.3). Access to the outdoor environment via a balcony or operable window was an acute and fundamental requirement for guests. Additionally, participants mentioned that they are unwilling to return to the hotel where they spent their quarantine, which raises issues regarding the future of hotels.

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Windy Pramita, Ni Putu, I. Wayan Suardana, and Luh Gede Leli Kusuma Dewi. "KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN NIAT WISATAWAN SURFING DI PANTAI KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA." Jurnal IPTA 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2017.v05.i01.p13.

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Black sandy beach tourist attraction of Kuta Northen region that is Batu Bolong beach and Batu Mejan beach which has potential a beautifull oncean, sunset, sunbathing and surfingthe purpose of this study was to determinethe characteristics, motivasi, and intentions rating surfing at Kuta Northen beach. The method used observation, questionnaires, interviews, literature study, and documentation. 213 respondens rating surfing with quantitative descriptive and regression linier analisys. The result obtained in this study are based on age characteristics surfing travelers will see the most travelers age between 18-29 years, male gender, country of origin Australia, and is a businessman, a master degree educational level, and marital status is not married. Surfing tourist motivation using push and pull factor with the highest scores on the social interaction. And Intention surfing tourist with the highest score there is positive world of mouth with Variabel tourist have the effect of 13,20% with a probability level of sig. 0,000, the motivation positive and significant efeect on the intention tourist but in small quantities. Therefore to improve the intention tourist come to the beach district of north kuta from the motivation pull and push should also improve the quality of beaches such as keeping the beach becomes the most importans thing that will directly make tourist feel comfortable. advice for managers is to add a lifeguard to keep the beach.

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Heslop, Ian M., Richard Speare, Michelle Bellingan, and Beverley D. Glass. "Assessing the Travel Health Knowledge of Australian Pharmacists." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020094.

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Worldwide, the numbers of travellers are increasing, with pharmacists having the potential to play a significant role in the provision of pre-travel health services to a large number of these travellers. However, studies examining whether pharmacists have the travel health knowledge to provide these services are limited. This study thus aimed to explore the travel health knowledge of Australian pharmacists. Surveys assessing pharmacists’ knowledge of travel health were distributed through the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and community pharmacies for self-completion. Overall, the travel health knowledge of participants was found to be good. However, although the majority of participants were aware of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in travel health, some slightly overestimated the prevalence of malaria and were less knowledgeable about the global distribution of some diseases. Most participants also demonstrated an ability to give appropriate advice on the management of traveller’s diarhoea, the selection of appropriate items for inclusion in travel first aid kits, vaccinations, and malarial chemoprophylaxis for travellers visiting endemic areas. This study highlights that Australian pharmacists have the knowledge to deliver travel health advice, with the potential to improve both access and outcomes for travellers.

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HEYWOOD, A. E., N. ZWAR, B. L. FORSSMAN, H. SEALE, N. STEPHENS, J. MUSTO, C. LANE, et al. "The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 16 (August 30, 2016): 3554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001734.

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SUMMARYImmigrants and their children who return to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR) are at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases compared to other travellers. VFR travel is an important disease control issue, as one quarter of Australia's population are foreign-born and one quarter of departing Australian international travellers are visiting friends and relatives. We conducted a 1-year prospective enhanced surveillance study in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia to determine the contribution of VFR travel to notifiable diseases associated with travel, including typhoid, paratyphoid, measles, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, malaria and chikungunya. Additional data on characteristics of international travel were collected. Recent international travel was reported by 180/222 (81%) enhanced surveillance cases, including all malaria, chikungunya and paratyphoid cases. The majority of cases who acquired infections during travel were immigrant Australians (96, 53%) or their Australian-born children (43, 24%). VFR travel was reported by 117 (65%) travel-associated cases, highest for typhoid (31/32, 97%). Cases of children (aged <18 years) (86%) were more frequently VFR travellers compared to adult travellers (57%,P< 0·001). VFR travel is an important contributor to imported disease in Australia. Communicable disease control strategies targeting these travellers, such as targeted health promotion, are likely to impact importation of these travel-related infections.

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Goulias, Konstadinos G., Werner W. Broeg, Bruce James, and Colin Graham. "Travel Behavior Analysis of South Perth Individualized Marketing Intervention." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1807, no. 1 (January 2002): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1807-10.

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The Western Australia Department for Planning and Infrastructure has initiated a unique information provision program to decrease the use of cars and increase nonmotorized transport. The program contains a component in South Perth that uses individualized marketing techniques to inform travelers about alternatives to the private automobile. Data about this program have been collected in the past 3 years, offering the opportunity to assess the program’s success. Regression analysis has been used to estimate the effect of information provision on program participants’ travel behavior for mobility and, more specifically, mode choice. Program participants, persons who agree to receive and use information, when compared with a variety of other groups consistently use the car as driver the least and appear to have increased their nonmotorized trip making. The findings here are extremely encouraging, and programs like this should be considered in other urban settings.

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Ingle, Danielle J., Marion Easton, Mary Valcanis, Torsten Seemann, Jason C. Kwong, Nicola Stephens, Glen P. Carter, et al. "Co-circulation of Multidrug-resistant Shigella Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Australia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 9 (January 7, 2019): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz005.

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Abstract Background In urban Australia, the burden of shigellosis is either in returning travelers from shigellosis-endemic regions or in men who have sex with men (MSM). Here, we combine genomic data with comprehensive epidemiological data on sexual exposure and travel to describe the spread of multidrug-resistant Shigella lineages. Methods A population-level study of all cultured Shigella isolates in the state of Victoria, Australia, was undertaken from 1 January 2016 through 31 March 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses of 545 Shigella isolates were performed at the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory. Risk factor data on travel and sexual exposure were collected through enhanced surveillance forms or by interviews. Results Rates of antimicrobial resistance were high, with 17.6% (95/541) and 50.6% (274/541) resistance to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. There were strong associations between antimicrobial resistance, phylogeny, and epidemiology. Specifically, 2 major MSM-associated lineages were identified: a Shigellasonnei lineage (n = 159) and a Shigella flexneri 2a lineage (n = 105). Of concern, 147/159 (92.4%) of isolates within the S. sonnei MSM-associated lineage harbored mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to recommended oral antimicrobials: namely, azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. Long-read sequencing demonstrated global dissemination of multidrug-resistant plasmids across Shigella species and lineages, but predominantly associated with MSM isolates. Conclusions Our contemporary data highlight the ongoing public health threat posed by resistant Shigella, both in Australia and globally. Urgent multidisciplinary public health measures are required to interrupt transmission and prevent infection.

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Panginikkod, Sreelakshmi, Aishwarya Ramachandran, Pratyusha Bollimunta, Roshanak Habibi, Roshan Kumar Arjal, and Venu Gopalakrishnan. "Burkholderia Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6206395.

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Melioidosis is a frequently fatal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It is a rare imported pathogen in the United States and is a potential bioterror agent. We report the case of an 82-year-old previously healthy man who presented with 2 weeks of fever and epigastric pain after he returned from the Philippines. A diagnosis of nondissecting mycotic aneurysm in the descending thoracic aorta was made with the help of CT angiogram and positive blood cultures. The patient completely recovered with a 6-month antibiotic therapy followed by surgical repair of the aneurysm. Given the slight increase in the number of melioidosis cases reported by CDC since 2008, melioidosis might be considered an emerging infectious disease in the United States. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of the disease among clinicians as well as travelers.

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Ernst, Timo, Suzi McCarthy, Glenys Chidlow, Dagwin Luang-Suarkia, Edward C. Holmes, David W. Smith, and Allison Imrie. "Emergence of a New Lineage of Dengue Virus Type 2 Identified in Travelers Entering Western Australia from Indonesia, 2010-2012." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): e0003442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003442.

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Anantamongkolkul, Chidchanok, Ken Butcher, and Ying Wang. "The four stages of on-site behavior for a long-stay relaxation holiday." Journal of Vacation Marketing 23, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766716647437.

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Previous studies largely treat the on-site travel experience as a single stage of homogenous tourist behavior, despite widespread recognition that tourist behavior is complex and consists of temporal decision processes. In particular, little attention has been given to what changes during the course of the long-stay holiday. The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand changes in tourist behavior, if any, from point of arrival through to the end of a long-stay relaxation holiday. In-depth interviews were conducted with mature-aged international travelers from the United States, Europe, and Australia visiting Phuket, Thailand. The findings illustrate changes that can be characterized, into four distinct stages of on-site behavior, through key activities, uncertainty levels, intercultural interactions, information needs, and sources of information. Important implications for destination marketing organizations are suggested which require innovative strategies to match the changing needs and activities of long-stay tourists at various stages of the holiday.

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Gao, Yi, and Tay T. R. Koo. "Flying Australia–Europe via China: A qualitative analysis of the factors affecting travelers' choice of Chinese carriers using online comments data." Journal of Air Transport Management 39 (July 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.03.006.

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Mouchtouri, Christoforidou, an der Heiden, Lemos, Fanos, Rexroth, Grote, Belfroid, Swaan, and Hadjichristodoulou. "Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234638.

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A scoping search and a systematic literature review were conducted to give an insight on entry and exit screening referring to travelers at points of entry, by analyzing published evidence on practices, guidelines, and experiences in the past 15 years worldwide. Grey literature, PubMed. and Scopus were searched using specific terms. Most of the available data identified through the systematic literature review concerned entry screening measures at airports. Little evidence is available about entry and exit screening measure implementation and effectiveness at ports and ground crossings. Exit screening was part of the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) temporary recommendations for implementation in certain points of entry, for specific time periods. Exit screening measures for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the three most affected West African countries did not identify any cases and showed zero sensitivity and very low specificity. The percentages of confirmed cases identified out of the total numbers of travelers that passed through entry screening measures in various countries worldwide for Influenza Pandemic (H1N1) and EVD in West Africa were zero or extremely low. Entry screening measures for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) did not detect any confirmed SARS cases in Australia, Canada, and Singapore. Despite the ineffectiveness of entry and exit screening measures, authors reported several important concomitant positive effects that their impact is difficult to assess, including discouraging travel of ill persons, raising awareness, and educating the traveling public and maintaining operation of flights from/to the affected areas. Exit screening measures in affected areas are important and should be applied jointly with other measures including information strategies, epidemiological investigation, contact tracing, vaccination, and quarantine to achieve a comprehensive outbreak management response. Based on review results, an algorithm about decision-making for entry/exit screening was developed.

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Nurtirtawaty, I. Gusti Ayu Suci, Ni Gst Nym Suci Murni, Ni Ketut Bagiastuti, and Made Ruki. "Digital marketing strategy through mobile application to increase room sales At Ibis Styles Bali Legian Hotel." Journal of Applied Sciences in Travel and Hospitality 4, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasth.v4i2.93-100.

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This study aims to identify the market segment of Ibis Styles Bali Legian Hotel and to find out the digital marketing strategy through the mobile application in increasing room sales. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods and used primary data through interviews, observations, documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that the market segments at Ibis Styles Bali Legian were mostly FIT (Free Independence Travelers) from the Distribution and inbound segments, and the majority of tourists from Australia. The digital marketing strategy through the mobile application in increasing room sales were through promotion of products and services for brand awareness, strengthening online reputation and traffic growth, through social media, online banners on the landing page, optimization of SEO, SEM and keywords to facilitate searches/browses, collaborate with influencers and travel bloggers as well as provide extra benefits in transactions made through mobile applications. With this strategy, impacting the reservations via mobile applications is dominating the market segment by 85% of the total market and increase the sales from year to year.

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Djordjevic, Steven P., Amy K. Cain, Nick J. Evershed, Linda Falconer, Renee S. Levings, Diane Lightfoot, and Ruth M. Hall. "Emergence and Evolution of Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B d-Tartrate-Utilizing Strains Containing SGI1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (March 30, 2009): 2319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01532-08.

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ABSTRACT The first Australian isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B d-tartrate-utilizing (dT+) that is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ApCmFlSmSpSuTc) and contains SGI1 was isolated from a patient with gastroenteritis in early 1995. This is the earliest reported isolation globally. The incidence of infections caused by these SGI1-containing multiply antibiotic-resistant S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ strains increased during the next few years and occurred sporadically in all states of Australia. Several molecular criteria were used to show that the early isolates are very closely related to one another and to strains isolated during the following few years and in 2000 and 2003 from home aquariums and their owners. Early isolates from travelers returning from Indonesia shared the same features. Thus, they appear to represent a true clone arising from a single cell that acquired SGI1. Some minor differences in the resistance profiles and molecular profiles also were observed, indicating the ongoing evolution of the clone, and phage type differences were common, indicating that this is not a useful epidemiological marker over time. Three isolates from 1995, 1998, and 1999 contained a complete sul1 gene but were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole due to a point mutation that creates a premature termination codon. This SGI1 type was designated SGI1-R. The loss of resistance genes also was examined. When strains were grown for many generations in the absence of antibiotic selection, the loss of SGI1 was not detected. However, variants SGI1-C (resistance profile SmSpSu) and SGI1-B (resistant to ApSu), which had lost part of the integron, arose spontaneously, presumably via homologous recombination between duplications in the In104 complex integron.

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Heslop, Ian M., Richard Speare, Michelle Bellingan, and Beverley D. Glass. "Australian Pharmacists’ Perceptions and Practices in Travel Health." Pharmacy 6, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6030090.

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Worldwide, pharmacists are playing an increasing role in travel health, although legislation and funding can dictate the nature of this role, which varies from country to country. The aim of this study was to explore the current and potential future practices in travel health for pharmacists in Australia, as well as the perceived barriers, including training needs, for the provision of services. A survey was developed and participation was sought from a representative sample of Australian pharmacists, with descriptive statistics calculated to summarise the frequency of responses. A total of 255 participants, predominantly female (69%), below 50 years (75%) and registered less than 30 years completed the survey. Although over two-thirds (68%) provided travel-related advice in their current practice, the frequency of advice provision was low (less than 2 travellers per week) and limited to responding to travellers questions. Although Australian pharmacists are currently unable to administer travel vaccines and prescription only medications without prescription, they still consider travel health to be an appropriate role and that their clients would seek travel health advice from pharmacies if offered. Currently, key roles for Australian pharmacists are advising travellers who do not seek advice from other practitioners, reinforcing the advice of other health practitioners and referring travellers needing vaccinations and antimalarials. In order to expand these services, the barriers of workload, time, staffing and the need for training in travel health need to be addressed. In summary, the travel health services provided by pharmacies in Australia still have a way to go before they match the services offered by pharmacies in some other countries, however Australian pharmacist are keen to further develop their role in this area.

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Stansbury, Chris D., Simon J. McKirdy, Art J. Diggle, and Ian T. Riley. "Modeling the Risk of Entry, Establishment, Spread, Containment, and Economic Impact of Tilletia indica, the Cause of Karnal Bunt of Wheat, Using an Australian Context." Phytopathology® 92, no. 3 (March 2002): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.3.321.

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Modeling techniques were developed to quantify the probability of Tilletia indica entering and establishing in Western Australia (WA), and to simulate spread, containment, and the economic impact of the pathogen. Entry of T. indica is most likely to occur through imports of bulk grain or fertilizer (0.023 ± 0.017 entries per year and approximately 0.009 ± 0.009 establishments per year). Entry may also occur through straw goods, new or second-hand agricultural machinery, and on personal effects of travelers who have visited regions with infected plants. The combined probability of entry and establishment of T. indica, for all pathways of entry, is about one entry every 25 years and one establishment every 67 years. Alternatively, sensitivity analysis does show that increases in quarantine funding can reduce the probability of entry to about one entry every 50 years and less than one establishment every 100 years. T. indica is spread efficiently through contaminated farm machinery, seed and soil, rain, air currents, and animals. Depending on the rate of spread of the pathogen and the amount of resources allocated for detection, the time until first detection could range from 4 to 11 years and the economic impact could range from 8 to 24% of the total value of wheat production in WA.

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Antipova, A. Yu, M. A. Bichurina, and I. N. Lavrentieva. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR MEASLES ELIMINATION." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 8, no. 4 (January 16, 2019): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-465-472.

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Abstract.The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is comprised of 37 countries such as China, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Papua-New Guinea, Australia, including Pacific Island Countries and Territories (21 countries of PICTs, approx. 3 million people) etc., with a population of 1.85 billion people. Among them, China is the largest and most populous (1.3 billion people) country of the Region. Large measles outbreaks were documented to occur in the Region. In 2003, the Regional Committee announced officially about the WPR action plan on measles elimination 2005, which, however, failed. Since 2012, WPR countries joined the WHO 2012–2020 Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan performing a routine measles vaccination (national immunization schedule) or within Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Basically, a two-dose immunization strategy is followed in the WPR countries. Since 2002, measles supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in children were conducted in the following countries: Japan, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Mongolia, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, and China. Starting from 2005, measles management was considerably improved, demonstrating by 2012 decreased measles incidence rate down to 5.9 cases per million population. In last years, a decreased measles immunization coverage in decreed population groups was noted in the WPR countries that resulted in 2013–2015 measles epidemic involving almost all regional countries. In particular, in China measles incidence rate was 19.6 cases per million population, whereas in the Vietnam Papua New Guinea and Philippines it progressively increased reaching 182.8, 345.9 and 548.0 cases per million population, respectively. Early children not vaccinated according to schedule, adolescents and young adults dominated among measles patients. It was found that measles outbreaks were due to missed vaccination and increased level of vulnerability to measles. Children under one, adolescents and young adults who did not receive a two-dose measles vaccination were in risk group. Analyzing WPR measles epidemiology demonstrated that refusal of parents to vaccinate children, poor knowledge of advantages related to vaccination, insufficient immunization coverage in immigrants, travelers, subjects changing place of residence, workers of healthcare and educational facilities require special attention. In 2017–2018 season, the following measles genotypes were found in the WPR: D8 — Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Japan; Н1 — China; В3 — Philippines, Australia and Japan; D9 — Singapore, Australia, Macau (China), Malaysia and Japan, Н2 strains endemic in Vietnam. According to the WHO, measles endemic transmission has been successfully interrupted; Australia, Macau, Mongolia and Republic of Korea are being verified to eliminate measles; Hong Kong (China) and Singapore (based on available information) are ready to verify measles elimination. Thus, in the Western Pacific Region measles elimination is achievable after solving current issues such as increasing and maintaining high-level routine vaccination and conducting measles supplementary immunization campaigns in epidemically important contact clusters.

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Monteath, Peter. "Globalising German Anthropology: Erhard Eylmann in Australia." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000247.

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The German presence in nineteenth-century South Australia is associated primarily with the immigration of Prussian Lutherans escaping religious persecution in their homeland. Their settlement in the fledgling British colony aided its early, stuttering development; in the longer term it also fitted neatly South Australia's perception of itself as a “paradise of dissent.” These Germans took their religion seriously, none more so than the Lutheran missionaries who committed themselves to bringing the Gospel to the indigenous people of the Adelaide plains and, eventually, much further afield as well. In reality, however, the story of the German contribution to the history of this British colony extended far beyond these pious Lutherans. Among those who followed in their wake, whether as settlers or travellers, were Germans of many different backgrounds, who made their way to the Antipodes for a multitude of reasons. In South Australia as much as anywhere, globalising Germany was a multi-facetted project.The intellectual gamut of Germans in South Australia is nowhere more evident than in the realm of anthropology. The missionaries were not alone in displaying a keen interest in the Australian Aborigines. Anthropologists steeped in the empirical tradition that came to dominate the nascent discipline at the end of the nineteenth century also turned their attention to Australia. Indeed, in Germany and elsewhere, Australia occupied a special position in international discourse. The American anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan had observed in 1880 that Australian aboriginal societies “now represent the condition of mankind in savagery better than it is elsewhere represented on the earth—a condition now rapidly passing away.”

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Journal articles on the topic 'Travelers Australia'

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