Journal articles: 'Travel writing – History – Europe'

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Mayhew, Robert J. "Richard Hakluyt and Travel Writing in Early Modern Europe." Journal of Historical Geography 41 (July 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2013.04.012.

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Malkiel, David. "Palazzo Tè between Science and Imagination." Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 5 (September 7, 2016): 429–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342507.

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This study focuses on the observations of two eighteenth-century visitors to Mantua’s Palazzo Tè, Rabbis Isaac Lampronti of Ferrara (1679-1756) and Hayyim Yoseph David Azulay of Jerusalem (1724-1806), especially their impressions of the echo in its Chamber of the Giants. The rabbis’ response to Palazzo Tè closely resembles that of dozens other European travelers, whose writings about the echo chamber exhibit the same fascination with recent advances in scientific knowledge, and like them, Lampronti and Azulay labor to synthesize their experience with the traditions and beliefs that make up their worldview. The Palazzo Tè literature emblematizes the explosive increase in the diffusion of knowledge in early modern Europe, in the arts as well as the sciences, and the importance of travel and travel writing in that process.

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Mulligan, Maureen. "The Representation of Francoist Spain by Two British Women Travel Writers." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2016-0017.

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Abstract This article offers a discussion of two books by British women which describe travels in Spain during the post-war period, that is, during the dictatorship of General Franco. The aim is to analyse how Spanish culture and society are represented in these texts, and to what extent the authors engage with questions of the ethics of travelling to Spain in this period. Two different forms of travel - by car, and by horse - also influence the way the travellers can connect with local people; and the individual’s interest in Spain as a historical site, or as a timeless escape from industrial northern Europe, similarly affect the focus of the accounts. The global politics of travel writing, and the distinction between colonial and cosmopolitan travel writers, are important elements in our understanding of the way a foreign culture is articulated for the home market. Women’s travel writing also has its own discursive history which we consider briefly. In conclusion, texts involve common discursive and linguistic strategies which have to negotiate the specificity of an individual’s travels in a particular time and place. The authors and books referred to are Rose Macaulay’s Fabled Shore: From the Pyrenees to Portugal (1949) and Penelope Chetwode’s Two Middle-Aged Ladies in Andalusia (1963).

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RUBIÉS, JOAN-PAU, and MANEL OLLÉ. "The Comparative History of a Genre: The production and circulation of books on travel and ethnographies in early modern Europe and China." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (August 6, 2015): 259–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000086.

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AbstractContrary to the long-standing idea of a scientific failure in early modern China as compared to Europe, some recent work has emphasized the existence of a tradition of ‘evidential’ research in the natural sciences, antiquarianism, and geography, especially during the Sung, Ming, and Qing periods. This article seeks to develop this new perspective by offering a comparative history of the genres of travel writing and ethnography in early modern Europe and Ming/early Qing China. We argue that there were qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the way that these genres functioned in each cultural area. Even when we find apparent similarities, we note different chronological rhythms and a different position of these genres of travel writing within a wider cultural field—what we might term their ‘cultural relevance’. The specific nature of Chinese state imperialism—or, conversely, the particular nature of European overseas colonialism—played a role in determining the type of ethnographic approach that came to predominate in each cultural area. These parallels and differences suggest a fresh perspective on the cultural origins of the ‘great divergence’.

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Pulkkinen, Oili. "Russia and Euro-Centric Geography During the British Enlightenment." Transcultural Studies 14, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01402003.

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In this article, I shall examine the European part of the Russian Empire, Russian culture and Russians in eighteenth century handbooks of geography when “the Newtonian turn” took place in that discipline. Thanks to travel literature and history writing, we are used to thinking of the Russians as representing “otherness” in Europe. Still, in handbooks of geography, Russia was the gate between Asia and Europe. This article will explicate the stereotype(s) of the British characterisations of the Russian national character and the European part of the Russian Empire (excluding ethnic minorities in Russia), in order to reconstruct the idea of Russia in the British (and Irish) geography books.

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Fuller, Mary. "Making something of it: Questions of value in the early English travel collection." Journal of Early Modern History 10, no. 1 (2006): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006506777525494.

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AbstractIn the second half of the sixteenth century, experiences and narratives of English travel to distant places first began to matter enough to be collected and published. Tracing early accounts of West Africa and Muscovy through the several collections of Richard Eden (1553, 1555) and Richard Hakluyt (1589, 1600) allows for comparison of how different editors handled the same materials at different moments. The evidence suggests that both editors differentiated between the African and Russian materials according to perceptions of these materials' value, or meaning, for their own collecting and publishing projects. Looking at how this was so, and considering why it was so, provides a closer and more detailed look at how travel writing acquired value in the context of print; it also offers an an approach to the larger question of how Englishmen "read" the places and cultures they encountered, actually or virtually, outside of Europe.

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Gabel, Aubrey. "François Maspero, The Journalist." French Politics, Culture & Society 40, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2022.400302.

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Abstract François Maspero is best known as the owner of the radical Latin Quarter bookstore La joie de lire and the founder and editor of Éditions Maspero, but he was also a writer, a translator, and a journalist. Maspero published several novels and wrote for media outlets like Le Monde and France Culture. He wrote about his travels throughout Eastern Europe, Israel-Palestine, Algeria, and the Caribbean, and published literature reviews, obituaries, and even his testimony of the events of 17 October 1961. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of his work as a print journalist for Le Monde, notably as a travel writer. While Maspero critiqued journalism in both of his novel-travelogues, Les passagers du Roissy-Express (1990) and Balkans-Transit (1997), this article argues that his journalism was a breeding ground for his novel-writing and vice versa. The intersection between journalism, novel writing, and militancy also allowed him to create a multidirectional activism, which reanimated past militancy to understand contemporary political crises.

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Mustafa Serdar Palabıyık. "The Sultan, the Shah and the King in Europe: The Practice of Ottoman, Persian and Siamese Royal Travel and Travel Writing." Journal of Asian History 50, no. 2 (2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/jasiahist.50.2.0201.

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Karpinski, Eva C. "Postcards from Europe: Dubravka Ugrešić as a Transnational Public Intellectual, or Life Writing in Fragments." European Journal of Life Writing 2 (June 18, 2013): T42—T60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.2.55.

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The article explores Dubravka Ugrešić's ongoing project of interrogating and challenging different constructions of Europe from the perspective of “minor transnationalism”, focusing on the relationship between European minority cultures and the West. She has developed a hybrid form of political life writing that I call the autobiographical fragment, which mixes autobiography, personal essay, cultural criticism, travel writing, autoethnography, epistolarity, and diary. I argue that the autobiographical fragment is uniquely suited to address the discontinuities and ruptures of history, experience, and memory that have accompaniedEurope’s post-communist transformations. In the texts that I examine, including "Have a Nice Day: From the Balkan War to the American Dream", "The Culture of Lies", "Thank You For Not Reading", and "Nobody’s Home", she confronts the trauma of ethnic and gendered violence and integrates the personal and the “global”, linking the former Yugoslavia, present-day Croatia, the European Union, the United States, and the globalized cultural marketplace.

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Wiendl, Jan. "In search of a shared expression: Karel Čapek’s travel writing and imaginative geography of Europe." Slavonica 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13617427.2020.1763644.

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ANDERSEN, FRITS. "Eighteenth Century Travelogues as Models for ‘Rethinking Europe’." European Review 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2007): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000117.

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Travelogues on expeditions in the 1760s to Tahiti and Yemen among other places are part of the early reshaping of Europe. They display the features of a historical threshold or ‘Sattelzeit’ between the classical and the modern world. But these travelogues also demonstrate another paradigmatic shift with important impact on the conditions for thinking of Europe in present day literary history. Some travelogues inaugurate in their rhetorical practice and anthropological content a problematic cultural relativism and aestheticism in relation to the world outside Europe. Other texts express doubts and contradictions, hesitating without being relativistic, focusing on cultural processes and concrete specifics rather than on essences, and adopting a pluridimensional perspective on the customs the traveller is confronted with. While the former track leads to the dead-end of reductive schematism of 19th century Orientalism, the latter may serve as a relevant model for rethinking Europe as part of a globalised world today. In what follows, the travel writing on Tahiti by James Cook, Bougainville and Diderot, Carsten Niebuhr's travelogue from his expedition to Yemen, Flaubert's Voyage en É:gypte, and Gauguin's NoaNoa, are analysed.

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Schüller, Volkmar, and Sonja Brentjes. "Pietro Della Valle's Latin Geography of Safavid Iran (1624-1628): Introduction." Journal of Early Modern History 10, no. 3 (2006): 169–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006506778234162.

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AbstractThis article argues that Pietro della Valle's Latin geography of the Safavid Empire is important for taking a middle ground between two common tendencies of early modern authors in Catholic and Protestant Europe when writing about Western Asia and Northern Africa. While cartographers and mapmakers—in Venice, Antwerp, Amsterdam, and Paris—privileged new information (from travelers) in their choice of place names, those who wrote on the history or geography of these regions often suppressed local knowledge, giving preference to terms from ancient Greek and Latin history and geography, enriched by reference to the Bible. Della Valle, while traveling in Ottoman and Safavid territories, made intensive efforts to learn major local languages and acquire information about contemporary political, cultural, and physical geography, as documented in his diary and the original copies of his letters written during the long years of travel. The approach he takes in his geography of the Safavid Empire is thus close to choices made by the cartographers and mapmakers.

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Healy, Maureen. "Europe on the Sava: Austrian Encounters with “Turks” in Bosnia." Austrian History Yearbook 51 (March 19, 2020): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237820000090.

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AbstractThis article examines Austrian perceptions of the people and landscape of Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1878 to 1908. It traces Austrians’ fantasies about and encounters with Bosnian Muslims, whom they often categorized as “Turks.” Following the Congress of Berlin, Austrians claimed to be doing the civilizing work of “Europe” in Bosnia. The article investigates the meanings of border and borderlands between the Habsburg Empire and Ottoman Bosnia, focusing in particular on crossings of the Sava River. Drawing on the writings of soldiers, administrators, journalists and travel writers, the essay considers a number of mental maps, imagined geographies of what Habsburg authors thought they knew about the land and people they occupied. It contributes to a growing scholarship on the Habsburg-Ottoman borderlands.

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Spintge, Ralph, and Joanne V. Loewy. "Music in times of Corona - We Shall Overcome." Music and Medicine 12, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v12i2.756.

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Humankind has faced a myriad of life-threatening challenges in our history, reaching from the so-called Black Death (Yersinia Pestis) killing 40% of Europe´s population during the Middle Ages to Chernobyl and Harrisburg. This time a small virus, a simple chemical particle exploits our global way of life and has served as fertile ground for spreading around the world. Counter measures from medical sciences are rare, and specific drugs or vaccinations at the time of this writing thus far, do not exist. Death tolls are rising, and we are forced to lock down or shut down our social life and stay at home to slow down the travel speed of Corona, thus gaining time to develop therapeutic approaches.

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Salonia, Matteo. "The first voyage of Giovanni da Empoli to India: Mercantile culture, Christian faith, and the early production of knowledge about Portuguese Asia." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418822446.

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Giovanni da Empoli, a Florentine agent and merchant, was among the first Europeans to travel by an exclusively maritime route to India. This article focuses on Giovanni’s first voyage to the East (1503–1504), during which he visited several ports along the Malabar coast. By examining Giovanni’s letter to his father, this contribution explores his (re)emerging identities, and in particular his mercantile outlook and his Christian faith, which suggest a diversity of value systems and agendas among ‘the Portuguese’. The experience of Giovanni is significant also because it represents an instance of production and transfer of knowledge about ‘the Indies’ in early Cinquecento Europe. As suggested by other contemporary sources concerning Giovanni, this circulation of knowledge did not take place only in writing, but also orally, in formal and informal conversations that Giovanni had with a variety of interested interlocutors both in Florence and elsewhere.

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Solovev, Andrei Iu. "The meeting of a Russian with Europe in the travel writings of Peter the Great’s era (A.A.Matveev)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, no. 3 (2022): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.305.

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The paper revises the traditional view at the travel writings of the era of Peter the Great. They are usually considered as naive works, and content of these works as identical to the biographies of it’s authors. The method of historical and linguistic research of V.M.Zhivov on the language of Russian writing is applied to the material of travelogues. The main purpose is to account for the pragmatics of the utterance in travel literature as in a phenomenon synthesizing heterogeneous features in principle and in the transitional Peter’s Era in particular. The paper is focused on the notes of the diplomat A.A.Matveev, compiled by him for himself as a result of his journey from the Hague to Paris (1705–1706). The narrative technique in Matveev’s text is examined (descriptions of the monuments of the French capital and the inscriptions to them in Latin), and it is shown that we should not reduce the function of Matveev’s work to purely diplomatic tasks of his actual journey. The descriptions recorded in Matveev’s text were politically charged: the author not only collected samples of inscriptions, but also demonstrated a new way for Russia to glorify the reigning monarch. This peculiar collection of Matveev is also considered in the context of cultural phenomena that were relevant at the beginning of the 18th century: private and court collections of rarities, embossing of commemorative medals, etc. The conclusion is made that borrowed elements change their function in the travelogue. In the historical and literary perspective, we must bring such works as Matveev’s notes out of the zone of marginal literary phenomena. In general, this allows us to see the key trends of the transitional period of the history of Russian literature. It is more appropriate to consider these processes not to state the Western European origin of individual elements of culture, but to analyze their pragmatics associated with the demarcation from the old Russian culture.

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Bryant, Chad. "Wendy Bracewell, and Alex Drace-Francis. A Bibliography of East European Travel Writing on Europe. East Looks West, 3 Budapest: CEU Press, 2008. Pp 584. - Wendy Bracewell, and Alex Drace-Francis. Under Eastern Eyes: A Comparative Introduction to East European Travel Writing on Europe. East Looks West, 2 Budapest: CEU Press, 2008. Pp 388, illus." Austrian History Yearbook 41 (April 2010): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006723780999018x.

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Hughes, Lindsey. "Review: Derek Offord, Journeys to a Graveyard: Perceptions of Europe in Classical Russian Travel Writing, Springer: Dordrecht, 2005; 287 pp.; 1402039089, $109 (hbk)." European History Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April 2008): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914080380020521.

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Anistratenko, Antonina V. "ALTERNATIVE HISTORY GENRE IN THE FINE LITERATURE. THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN MYTH IN CRYPTOHISTORICAL WRITING." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-1.

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The article is devoted to the Alternative History (AH) genre in fiction and function of the “European Myth” in cryptohistorical writing. The article aims to determine the identity and path of the alternative historical novel in Ukraine and its comparative characteristics at the current stage of modern fiction. The tasks of the study are to determine the ways of European myth functioning in the artistic space of the neomodern AI novel in Ukraine which creates a new genealogical pattern in Ukrainian literary studies. Research methods are subordinate to the aim of the study and tasks. They are comparative, historicalliterary, descriptive, and analytical methods. The metagenre of alternative history has three key aspects, which seem to determine the comparative level of the American and European literature samples within this genealogical formation. These keys are the following: firstly, the story is supposed to completely match the recorded historical and geographical events up until the bifurcation point (in other words, a classic alternative history cannot be based on cryptohistory, hypothesis, fiction, however its background may be folklore or nation mythological heritage or known ancient culture); secondly, the historical figures should play a leading role in the storyline events, especially in the political context; thirdly, the key storyline is expected to relate to the history of a certain human community or civilization on the planet Earth up to the bifurcation point. Apart from the general experience about a different functional role of the time travel method in alternative history novel, we also have a new update, much more distant from the one declared by M. Schneider-Mayerson in 1995, namely, 1889, the year when M. Twain wrote the novel “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court”. However, the novel by M. Twain was criticized due to its monoculturalism in the political worldview. Although all of these details are related to extraliterary factors. If we compare the invariant of American AH, presented for the first time in the novel by M. Twain, we want to talk about cryptohistory in Ukrainian and Western European literature. In his monograph T. Shippey refers to it as a pseudo-history (’Whig history’). It precedes the novelty of this article, which comes to conclusions about common things in the architectonic structure of the European Myth and cryptohistorical writing. That is why we qualify AH as a metagenre, and the political utopia, cryptohistory, allohistory, uchronia, metahistory, political fantasy novels as AH subgenres. One of the most valuable sources of the article is a set of AH novels by M. Twain, P.W.S. Anderson, S. King, V. Baziv, I. Bilyk, M. Brynykh, V. Vladko, V. Danylenko, R. Ivanenko, R. Ivanychuk, M. Kidruk, S. Protsyuk, V. Shevchuk, Ya. Yanovs’kyi, V. Kozhelyanko. To solve the article’s issues we used comparative and descriptive methods. Conclusions. Every metagenre formation itself has separated into individual genres and varieties during the century and accepted different fable schemes of the other genres, in particular canonical ones, such as historical novel, literary, detective novel, chronicle and fantasy. Cryptohistory is a subgenre of alternative history. In its genealogical formula, the actual story exists only theoretically, while the alternative history that forms the plot after the bifurcation point is based on unproven historical sources. It allows more freedom for the author’s imagination, where they may involve two or more bifurcation points. As previously mentioned, the second point of bifurcation would be based on an unreal story that is presented as a true one. Genre markers and plot schemes are identical to alternative history. Though the goal of reconstructing history disappears and is being replaced by other goals: restoration of national and mental mindset elements (V. Kozhelyanko’s “Ethiopian Sich”), humanization of the society (Kir Bulychov “A Reserve for Academics”), psychologization and/or logical construction of the historical course (H. Garrison`s trilogy “West of Eden”, “Winter in Eden”, “Return to Eden”), etc.

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Marzec, Wiktor, and Agata Zysiak. "“Journalists Discovered Łódź Like Columbus”." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 50, no. 2 (2016): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05002007.

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This article examines Polish urban travelogue literature and reportage concerning the industrial city of Łódź in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Łódź, a rapidly growing textile production center, was one of the few places which paved the way to real industrial, capitalist modernization in the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland. It was inhabited by large non-Polish populations and came to be perceived as alien, hostile and even savage. We investigate the anti-urban discourse on Łódź from the background of the broader Polish debates and compare it with urban travel writing on England. Łódź, although located in Europe, was subjected to an almost touristic gaze and virtually orientalized. Drawing from concepts of orientalization and nesting orientalism and the strong program in cultural sociology, we argue that in this situation an unusual reversal occurred in the modernization debate. What was orientalized and excluded from the broader civic community, even denied civilization status, constituted precisely the components connected with industry, capitalism and modernization.

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Rajesh, M. N. "Travel of Bonpo Gods from the Eurasian Borderlands to the Tibetan Culture Area and the Borderlands of North-east India." Kawalu: Journal of Local Culture 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/kawalu.v5i1.1874.

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Abstract Popular writing has brought about an image of Hindu deities that are seen as a part of Hinduism only and Hinduism is also seen as a religion of the Indian subcontinent. While this may be largely true in many cases, it forces us to look at Hinduism in very Semitic terms as a closed religion. On the contrary we see that there was a considerable travel of gods and goddesses from other religions into Hinduism and vice versa. And thus negates the idea of Hinduism as a closed system. This therefore brings us to the problem of defining Hinduism which is by no means an easy task as there is no agreement on any singular definition. Pre-modern India had more contacts with her neighbours and thus central Asia and south East Asia emerge as some of the main regions where Indian influence is seen in many aspects of life. Even to a casual observer of both central Asia and South East Asia we see that there striking Indian influences in culture, religion and other aspects of life. All of them are not part of the textual literature that has become very nationalistic in the recent past and this tends to also dismiss the earlier writings as western Eurocentric. It is true that there is a great element of eurocentricism in the earlier writings but one point that needs to be highlighted is that these earlier writings also faithfully portrayed many aspects like iconography etc. in a very descriptive manner that focused on the measurements, likeness, colour and other associated characteristics of the statues. Such trends are clearly visible in the writings of Jas Burgess,E.B Havell etc. who were influenced by the dominant paradigm in contemporary Europe of the 1850‟s where the duty of the historian was to just record. Such an approach was informed by the writings of the German philosopher Leopold Von Ranke. Though there are certain value judgments at the end of the chapter, the main narrative is a dry as dust and it is easy to decipher the characteristics or reconstruct the iconographic programme in any shrine and by extension the religious practices. In the modern period , where the dominant forms of anti-colonial struggles led to a writing of nationalist history succeeded by Marxist influenced social histories in many parts of Asia, the identification of the national boundaries and national cultures also extended to religions and many aspects were either muted or totally obliterated in history writing to present a homogenous picture. Thus, we have a picture of Hinduism and Buddhism that fits in with the national narratives. Such a collapse of categories is there in the borderland of India where the cultural boundaries are not clearly marked as also h religious boundaries. One single example that illustrates this assertion is the portrayal of Sri Lanka as a Sinhala Buddhist region with the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka marked off as separate entity and both being largely exclusive. In the Buddhist temples of Sri Lanka, one finds firstly the statue of Ganesha and later the images of Karthikeya and also the god Shani or Saturn. This image of a Buddhist monastery sharply contrasts with the highly buddhistic space of a Sinhala Buddhist temple where non-Buddhist elements are not found.

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Kerrigan, John. "Lampedusa: Migrant Tragedy." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2020.41.

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Tragedies about the suffering of migrants are not a new phenomenon. So this article quickly turns to texts from classical antiquity by Aeschylus and Euripides. It focuses, however, on poetry written over the last decade. Following the routes taken by asylum seekers from Africa and Asia through such transit points as Lampedusa and across Europe to Calais, it looks at depictions of the suffering associated with travel, disaster, and problematic arrival, and at the interaction in tragic writing between old motifs and conventions (tragedy as understood by Aristotle or Hegel) and current issues and resources. Fresh insights are offered into the work of poets from migrant backgrounds (Warsan Shire, Ribkha Sibhatu) and into a range of modes from lyric (James Byrne) through experiments with translation and performance (Caroline Bergvall) into the late modernism of Geraldine Monk, J. H. Prynne, and Jeff Hilson.

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Meloni, Giulia, and Johan Swinnen. "The Political and Economic History of Vineyard Planting Rights in Europe: From Montesquieu to the European Union." Journal of Wine Economics 11, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 379–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2016.18.

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AbstractIn 2008, the European Union (EU) voted to liberalize its system of planting rights, which has strictly regulated vine plantings in the EU. However, after an intense lobbying campaign, the liberalization of the planting rights system was overturned in 2013, and new regulations could create an even more restrictive system. European wine associations have complained about the detrimental effects of the new regulations. There is a precedent in history. In 1726, the French political philosopher and landowner Montesquieu complained to the French king about the prohibition on planting new vines. Montesquieu was not successful in his demands to remove the system of planting rights. Old and recent history suggests that political forces against liberalization of planting rights are very strong. Only the French Revolution in 1789 led to a fundamental liberalization of planting rights. The “liberal period” of the nineteenth century was sustained by the combination of the French Revolution's liberal ideology, the thirst of Napoleon's armies for wine, and diseases that wiped out most of the French vineyards.That said, in the past and the present, enforcement of planting rights is a major problem. In fact, despite the official restrictions, Montesquieu managed to plant his vines, allowing him to become a successful wine producer and merchant, to travel, and to spend time thinking, discussing, and ultimately writing up his ideas that influenced much of the Western world's constitutions. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N43, N54, Q18)

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Oncescu, Iulian. "España en la mirada de un estadista liberal rumano: Mihail Kogălniceanu y sus Notes sur l’Espagne (1846-1847)Spain in the view of a liberal Rumanian statesman: Mihail Kogănniceanu and its Notes sur l’Espagne (1846-1847)." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 6 (May 31, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh.v0i6.278.

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La historia de las relaciones entre Rumanía y España tiene en los libros de viajes delsiglo XIX una importante fuente histórica y literaria. Los escritos de diplomáticos, militares, políticos o literarios han resultado de particular importancia para evitar algunos tópicos y estereotipos existentes en el conocimiento de otros países. Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX muy pocos viajeros rumanos llegaron a la periferia de Europa, donde se encontraba la península ibérica, y fueron muchos menos los que dejaron algún testimonio escrito de sus viajes. Mihail Kogalniceanu (1817-1891), un estadista liberal rumano, que llegó a ser primer ministro y ministro de Asuntos Exteriores en la década de 1860, tuvo la oportunidad de visitar España entre 1846 y 1847 y dejarnos el testimonio de su mirada en sus Notes sur l’Espagne, contribuyendo al conocimiento de la historia, las tradiciones y la cultura españolas para las élites y la sociedad rumana.PALABRAS CLAVE: Mihail Kogălniceanu, libros de viajes, Notes sur l’Espagne, siglo XIX.ABSTRACTThe history of relations between Romania and Spain has an important historical andliterary source in the travel books of the nineteenth century. The writings by diplomats, servicemen, politicians and writers have been particularly important to avoid certain clichés and stereotypes in the knowledge of other countries. During the first half of the nineteenth century, very few Romanians travelers arrived at the periphery of Europe where the Iberian Peninsula is located and, unfortunately, fewer still left a written testimony of their travels. Mihail Kogalniceanu (1817-1891), a Romanian liberal statesman who became prime minister and foreign minister in the 1860s, had the opportunity to visit Spain between 1846 and 1847 and left us an important and very useful testimony in his Notes sur l’Espagne, contributing to the knowledge of the history, traditions and Spanish culture for the elites of Romania and its people.KEY WORDS: Mihail Kogălniceanu, travel books, Notes sur l’Espagne, XIX century

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Sala, Dana. "Book Review. Fermor, Our Companion: Dan Horațiu Popescu’s Layers of the Text & Context. Patrick Leigh Fermor & Friends." Papers in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52885/pah.v2i1.111.

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Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor (1915-2011) is the writer who managed to turn travelogues into a genre deserving to be called an art form. The contrast between Fermor's travelogue and the new configurations and shapes undertaken by travel writing nowadays becomes comforting through the intrinsic qualities of his écriture: the transformative encounters with known and unknown people, the preference for the adventurous less travelled paths (even on foot) of Central and Eastern Europe before WWII (1933-1939), the assessment of historical events through his own feelings and personal history. Fermor raised the stakes by making his real and reflective voyages grow into the very matter of literature (rather than be a mere setting or an annex of it) because of his erudition and because of his genuine capacity to create authentic connections between himself and the people he met, between past and present, between inter-war years and the post-WWII world, between Western and Eastern cultures in the cold-war era.

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Mosaleva, Galina V. "Temple-related Poetics of Goncharov’s Meta-Novel." Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, no. 3 (2021): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-3-84-103.

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The article justifies the representation of Goncharov’s temple-related tetralogy, which includes “A Common Story”, “Oblomov”, “The Precipice” and “Frigate ‘Pallada’”. Temple-related and liturgic principles of the tetralogy are defined as the measure of its structural and conceptual integrity. Paths of heroes in the novels under discussion lie within the “temple-related model” and should be evaluated in line with the axiology of this model. The storyline associated with Alexander Aduev is considered as “vulgar travel”, “pseudo-pilgrimage” to Saint-Petersburg, the city which became “Russian Europe”. The novel “Frigate ‘Pallada’” focuses on the peculiar “narrative” status of the hero, and this focus allows to combine “inner” and “extra” storylines. The novel highlights certain changes in paths of hero who moves backward to “the great Motherland” instead of moving forward to “the progress”. Concerning the novel “Oblomov”, one can notice that this writing justifies the point associated with “dynamics” of the hero’s “interior life” who travels inside and reorients himself from the West to the East. The article considers “The Precipice” (“Obryv”) as Goncharov’s most “pedalogical” novel with its focus on “Russian brinks”. Boris Raisky ran the gamut from an amateur artist to the artist — “man of the soil”. The novel emphasizes the significance of territories of “provincial Russia” struggling to “heal misguided paths” and to eliminate “precipices” of Russian History.

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Wills, David. "Wendy Bracewell and Alex Drace-Francis (eds), Balkan Departures: Travel Writing from Southeastern Europe. New York and Oxford: Berghahn, 2009. Pp. 175." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 35, no. 1 (2011): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307013100006121.

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Bielousova, Gražina. "Western Disorientations: The Vanishing East of South America and Eastern Europe." Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis 105, no. 105 (January 18, 2022): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37522/aaav.105.2022.104.

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In this paper I utilise Edward Said’s framework of Orientalism in order to investigate how the regions that the European explorers have mistakenly or negligently identified in their imaginaries as “the East” are brought into the colonial order through an a priori assumption of their inferiority to the West. I turn to South America and Eastern Europe as the two frontiers which make these operations visible. Through the analysis of primary sources such as travel journals and letters from Spanish explorers and conquistadors during the age of encounters, as well as the writings the English and French travellers made during their visits to Eastern Europe during the Enlightenment, I demonstrate how the Western European Orientalist imaginaries remain persistent through the ages despite the geographical explorations and geopolitical changes, and instead of disappearing, migrate to create the new orients as the realms of European otherness.

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Drace-Francis, Alex. "Book Review: Hagen Schulz-Forberg, ed., Unravelling Civilisation: European Travel and Travel Writing, Multiple Europes, Vol. 30, Peter Lang, 2005; 343 pp., 1 illus.; 9789052012353, E45.90/£34.40/$71.95 (pbk)." European History Quarterly 39, no. 1 (January 2009): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914090390010644.

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Colley, Linda. "Empires of Writing: Britain, America and Constitutions, 1776–1848." Law and History Review 32, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248013000801.

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Approximately 50 years ago, R. R. Palmer published his two volume masterworkThe Age of the Democratic Revolution. Designed as a “comparative constitutional history of Western civilization,” it charted the struggles after 1776 over ideas of popular sovereignty and civil and religious freedoms, and the spreading conviction that, instead of being confined to “any established, privileged, closed, or self-recruiting groups of men,” government might be rendered simple, accountable and broadly based. Understandably, Palmer placed great emphasis on the contagion of new-style constitutions. Between 1776 and 1780, eleven onetime American colonies drafted state constitutions. These went on to inform the provisions of the United States Constitution adopted in 1787, which in turn influenced the four Revolutionary French constitutions of the 1790s, and helped to inspire new constitutions in Haiti, Poland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and elsewhere. By 1820, according to one calculation, more than sixty new constitutions had been attempted within Continental Europe alone, and this is probably an underestimate. At least a further eighty constitutions were implemented between 1820 and 1850, many of them in Latin America. The spread of written constitutions proved in time almost unstoppable, and Palmer left his readers in no doubt that this outcome could be traced back to the Revolution of 1789, and still more to the Revolution of 1776. Despite resistance by entrenched elites, and especially from Britain, “the greatest single champion of the European counter-revolution,” a belief was in being by 1800, Palmer argued, that “democracy was a matter of concern to the world as a whole, that it was a thing of the future, [and] that while it was blocked in other countries the United States should be its refuge.”

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Keefer, Michael H. "Agrippa's Dilemma: Hermetic “Rebirth” and the Ambivalences of De vanitate and De occulta philosophia*." Renaissance Quarterly 41, no. 4 (1988): 614–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861884.

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When in 1625 Gabriel Naudé wished to clear the name of Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535) from the pious slanders of the demonologists of the intervening century, he argued that this learned man, “who was not only a new Trismegistus in the three higher faculties of Theology, Law, and Medicine, but who desired to travel in body through every part of Europe, and to exercise his mind on all sciences and disciplines,” deserved better than to be abused with stories “which would be much more appropriate in the magical tales of Merlin, Maugis, and of Doctor Faust, than in writings which are (or rather should be) serious and well-examined… . “ Naudé's words provide an accurate anticipation of the three principal reasons for the interest of modern scholars in the writings of this enigmatic humanist and magician.

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Anderson, Bradford A., and Jason McElligott. "Jewish and Hebrew Books in Marsh’s Library: Materiality and Intercultural Engagement in Early Modern Ireland." Religions 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11110597.

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Marsh’s Library in Dublin, Ireland, is an immaculately preserved library from the early eighteenth century. Founded by Archbishop Narcissus Marsh, the library has an extensive collection of Jewish and Hebrew books which includes Hebrew Bibles, Talmudic texts, rabbinic writings, and Yiddish books that date back to the early modern period. This study explores a cross section of the Jewish and Hebrew books in Marsh’s collection, with particular focus on issues of materiality—that is, how these books as material artefacts can inform our understanding of early modern history, religion, and intercultural engagement. We suggest that these books, a majority of which come from Marsh’s personal collection, are a valuable resource for reflection on (1) Christian engagement with Jewish culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, (2) the production, use, and travel of Jewish books in early modern Europe, and (3) snapshots of Jewish life in early modern Ireland and beyond.

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Mai, Anne-Marie. "Historien som scene hos Ludvig Holberg og Charlotta Dorothea Biehl." Sjuttonhundratal 8 (October 1, 2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.2396.

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<p>Ludvig Holberg (1684-1754) and Charlotta Dorothea Biehl (1731-1788) are two key figures of the Nordic Enlightenment. The Norwegian Holberg took his philosophical and theological degrees from the University of Copenhagen at an early age and travelled around Europe accumulating knowledge for his historical writings. Holberg made a splendid career at the University of Copenhagen both as a professor and vice-chancellor and published historical works, satires, comedies, essays, fables, and autobiographical letters. As a woman, Biehl was barred from university education and public office. Her world was confined to her childhood home, and she never had the opportunity to travel. In return, she immersed herself in studies of language and theatre, reading with great enthusiasm Holberg's writings. She became a comedy writer and a novelist, and also wrote historical works and historical letters. The paper discusses how Biehl and Holberg made performing arts and historiography inspire each other. History is in their depictions not only a royal chronology, but a vivid narrative. Holberg's and Biehl's approaches to historical study drew on different traditions: Holberg was influenced by ancient historiography while Biehl was inspired by the French chronicle; therefore, their historical writings have very different contents and designs.</p>

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Hammarberg, Gitta. "Journeys to a Graveyard: Perceptions of Europe in Classical Russian Travel Writing. By Derek Offord. International Archives of the History of Ideas, no. 192. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 2005. xxvi, 287 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $109.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 65, no. 4 (2006): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4148503.

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Andrea, Bernadette. "Daniel Carey and Claire Jowitt, eds. Richard Hakluyt and Travel Writing in Early Modern Europe. Hakluyt Society Extra Series 47. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2012. xxiv + 370 pp. + 2 color pls. $119.95. ISBN: 978–1–4094–0017–2." Renaissance Quarterly 66, no. 3 (2013): 1065–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673659.

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Koc, Erdogan. "Balkan Departures: Travel Writing from Southeastern Europe." Tourism Management 31, no. 6 (December 2010): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.11.009.

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Dručkutė, Genovaitė. "Un voyage d’oscar Milosz en Lituanie." Literatūra 60, no. 4 (February 6, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/literatura.2018.9.

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[full article and abstract in French; abstract in English and Lithuanian] Oscar Milosz, poète et écrivain français d’origine lituanienne, de 1920 à 1925 occupait le poste de Chargé d’Affaires de Lituanie en France et en tant que diplomate se rendit plusieurs fois en Lituanie. L’objet de cet article est le récit d’un voyage de Milosz en Lituanie, au cours du mois d‘août de 1922, en compagnie de Maurice Prozor, comme lui d’origine lituanienne, et de sa fille. Ce voyage est raconté par Greta Prozor, témoin oculaire. Le but de l’article est d’analyser le récit en faisant attention à quelques points : 1. l’image de Lituanie, telle qu’elle surgit au cours de la narration,2. la figure de Milosz comme son protagoniste. Summary The article analyzes the story of Oskaras Milašius’s journey to Lithuania which took place in August 1922. Accompanied by her father Maurice Prozor, the author of the story Greta Prozor is also the one who traveled alongside the poet and witnessed his journey first hand. As the analysis draws on the theoretical grounding for travel writing, the article seeks to define and interpret both the image of Lithuania and the figure of the protagonist of the story Milašius. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the author of the story reflectively foregrounds the geographical, historical, social, and cultural history of the country unknown to her before. It also comes to the realization that the “otherness” of Lithuania and its inherent “exotics” lie within the union between the past and the present. It is the union between the past full of life and the present times that determines the distinctive singularity of Lithuania in Europe, which the travelers seem to know well. During the cause of the story, the figure of Milašius is defined through the literary character of Don Quixote, the poet’s alter ego. His nostalgia-driven attempt at the reunion with the family’s past is, in fact, impossible; it cannot be accomplished in present reality. The real reunion with the past most yearned for is possible only throughout the oral and written story.

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BROWN, NICHOLAS. "BORN MODERN: ANTIPODEAN VARIATIONS ON A THEME." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004954.

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Making peoples: a history of the New Zealanders from Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century. By James Belich. London: Penguin, 2001. Pp. 497. ISBN 0-14-100639-0. £9.99.Paradise reforged: a history of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the year 2000. By James Belich. London: Allen Lane, 2002. Pp. 606. ISBN 0-7139-9172-0. £25.00.The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii+233. ISBN 0-521-80343-80. £45.00.Australian ways of death: a social and cultural history, 1840–1918. By Pat Jalland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Pp. vi+378. ISBN 0-19-550754-1. £15.99.White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. By Tim Rowse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiii+255. ISBN 0-521-62457-6. £40.00.The five books covered here might seem a random sample: antipodean oddments from the edge of a review editor's desk. Their subject matter – from ‘ways of death’ in Australia to rationing policies for indigenous Australians – is diverse, as are their approaches: a scholarly assessment of the influence of Enlightenment ideas in the Australian colonies through to a massive two-volume general history of New Zealand to 2000. Yet even in this eclectic mix there are common themes, reflecting current interests and models in the writing of history in both countries. For some time, Australia and New Zealand have been productively positioned in relation to European social change as ‘born modern’ experiments, or at least as colonies which forced or anticipated aspects of the modernity shaping metropolitan centres. There have been several phases of historiography advancing this thesis, each reflecting a desire on the part of historians ‘down under’ to relate their account to wider dynamics, or to incorporate models that redress or refute the ‘isolation’ of their history by exploring categories extending beyond the national chronicle. More recently, historians of post-colonialism have returned the interest. They have traced in the extension of colonialism many of the crucial factors shaping core elements of nineteenth-century European nationalism, even the concept of Europe itself. In complex patterns of interdependence within ‘empire’, these historians have also identified several themes of ‘modernity’: reflexive approaches to ‘self’ and identity; discursive matrices of liberal government; the application and testing of the Enlightenment project of ‘reason’ and the ‘disenchantment’ of scientific knowledge and classification.

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Maver, Igor. "Contemporary Australian writers and Europe." Acta Neophilologica 33, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2000): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.33.1-2.7-16.

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It is amazing to see just how much travel writing, writing which does not exclusively belong to the travel sub-genre of "creative non-fiction", and also how many non-Australian locales, with emphasis on European and Asian ones, there are in the recent contemporary Australian writing since the 1960s. This perhaps speaks about a certain preoccupation or downright trait in the Australian national character. Perhaps, it is a reflection of a particular condition of being "down under", itself derived from "a tradition of colonialism and post-colonialism; from geographical location, both a deterrent and a spur; from post-Romantic literary tradition, coinciding with the early years of white settlement; and from the universal lure of ideas of travel, never more flourishing than at the present" (Hergenhan, Petersson xiii). Tourism is an increasingly global phenomenon to some extent shaping the physical reality as well as the spiritual world of the people involved in it. Within this globalization process, with the prospect of "cyber" travel, there is, however, always an individual "national" experience of the country of destination that a literary traveller puts into words, an experience which is typical and conditioned by specific socio-political and cultural circumstances.

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Korenevsky, Sergey, and Nina Morgunova. "On the Discussion About the Origin and Cultural Affiliation of the First Burial Mounds in the Steppes of Eastern Europe and Ciscaucasia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (June 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.3.2.

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Introduction. The introduction outlines the problems of studying the early stage of mound construction in the steppe zone of Eastern Europe, shows the history and discussion character of their study. The methodology of the investigation was based on the developed principles of archaeological typology of funerary rites, features of the mutual occurrence of things in complexes, determination of the chronology of cultures by diagnostic types of things for the epoch, application of dates of radiocarbon definitions with verification of the latter by serial samples, not by single definitions. Materials and analysis. In the section “Localization and cultural affiliation of the oldest mounds” according to the burial rite and inventory of more than 40 mounds in the territory of the Lower Volga region, Ciscaucasia and Don, the cultural unity of the Berezhnovka type mounds with the Khvalynsky burial ground is traced. They are preceded the Yamnaya (Repin stage) culture (Pit grave culture). The first mounds date back to the time preceding the Maykop culture in the Ciscaucasia. The similar mounds are badly known to the west of the Dnieper. The most ancient mounds arose among the Eneolithic population of the eastern part of the Eastern European steppe. Later in the early Yamnaya period, this tradition is fixed in the west. In the section “Chronology of the emergence of the Kurgan tradition”, by analogy of rites and inventory established the relative chronology of the beginning of the mound construction in the cultural block Gumelnitsa-Karanovo VIVarna-Kojadermen-Tripolye ВI-BIBII, dating by the 5th millennium BC. Results. Due to the radiocarbon dating, the first barrows in Ciscaucasia arose no later than the middle of the 5th millennium BC. Contribution of authors in writing the article is associated with specialization of professor N.L. Morgunova with the problems of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age of the Volga region and the Volga-Urals, of professor S.N. Korenevskiy with study of mounds of the Eneolithic and Maikop culture of Ciscaucasia.

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НOLYK, Roman. "THE SYSTEM, MOSAIC OR KALEIDOSCOPE?: LINGUISTIC, LITERARY AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF LVIV AND HALYCHYNA AS AN INTELLECTUAL ISSUE." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 36 (2022): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-256-274.

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The question of methodological bases and synthesis of research around Lviv and Halychyna is raised. It is studied how Lviv studies and Halychyna studies developed at different stages, maps of research of Lviv and Halychyna are outlined: from the texts by the older generation of researchers of this problem of the 19th – middle of the 20th century to the works of scientists of the late 20th – early 21st century. Thematic niches of this research map are outlined: the studies on social history, language, literature, book culture, and other phenomena. Emphasis is placed on the institutional and professional division of research, the existence of information barriers among philologists, historians, linguists, and cultural studies scholars; Ukrainianists, Polonists, Germanists, experts in the history of the culture of Central and Eastern Europe, etc. The world and Ukrainian experience of building complex schemes of history of the cities and regions as social, linguistic, cultural, and literary centers are briefly analyzed. Different approaches to writing different types of histories of languages and literatures as social phenomena are analyzed. A theoretical attempt is made to model and combine different dimensions of the social, cultural, linguistic, and literary history of Lviv and Halychyna in general. It is noted that the beginnings of this complex and complicated history should be derived from the literary heritage, social and political history of the medieval «Proto-Halychyna» and Lviv. It is described through the prism of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) tradition at the first stage and the gradual break with this tradition, its Latinization, Germanization and Polonization after the 1340s. The specifics of the late medieval and early modern history of the Rus’ voievodship, the role of Ruthenian (Ukrainian), Polish and other book cultures in the functioning of the society of that time are clarified. Interactions between the Latin and post-Byzantine cultural heritage of Lviv and the region in this period are revealed. The main changes in the development of culture, language, literature and books in the context of Austrian Lviv and the newly formed Halychyna and Volodymyr after 1772 and before 1918 are traced. Attention is drawn to the profound transformations in the ethno-social, cultural, linguistic and literary spheres of city life during and after World War II. The main parameters of the Soviet and post-Soviet linguistic, cultural and literary situation are revealed and compared.

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Sonntag, Heather S. "Writing travel in Central Asian history." Central Asian Survey 35, no. 3 (April 7, 2016): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2016.1165466.

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Withers, Charles W. J. "The Cambridge history of travel writing." Studies in Travel Writing 23, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2020.1721681.

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Holmberg, Eva Johanna. "Richard Hakluyt and Travel Writing in Early Modern Europe." Mariner's Mirror 99, no. 3 (August 2013): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2013.792593.

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Gallagher, John. "Richard Hakluyt and travel writing in early modern Europe." Journal for Maritime Research 15, no. 2 (November 2013): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2013.851856.

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Hattendorf, John B. "Europe and the Wider World - Daniel Carey and Claire Jowitt, eds. Richard Hakluyt and Travel Writing in Early Modern Europe. Hakluyt Society Extra Series, vol. 47. Farnham, Surrey, and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2012. 360 pp., 5 colour plates, 28 black and white illustrations, 1 table. ISBN: 978-1-4094-0017-2 (hbk.). £ 65/US$ 119.95 (hbk.), ISBN 978-1-4094-4800-6 (eBook). £95.99/US$53.56 (eBook)." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000570.

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Sandu-Dediu, Valentina. "The Beginnings of Romanian Composition: Between Nationalism and the Obsession with Synchronizing with the West." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 14, no. 3 (December 2017): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409817000179.

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Romanian composition in the nineteenth century went through rapid changes, moving from a Greek-oriental sound world to a Western European one. It is interesting to examine, in this context, the musicians’ quest for a ‘national’ sound and identity. Analysis of piano miniatures or vaudeville, the favourite genre of the Romanian audience in the first half of the century, shows eclectic combinations of urban folk music with sources of inspiration borrowed from popular foreign melodies. The second half of the century seems to be marked in modern scholarship by premieres: some composers are included in Romanian history just for the merit of writing the first Romanian symphony, the first string quartet, the first opera, and so forth. Their work led towards the constitution of a ‘national language’ adapted to genres borrowed from contemporary Western European music.In addition to demonstrating these ideas in the work of a number of Romanian composers (Josef Herfner, Ioan Andrei Wachmann, Anton Pann, Alexandru Flechtenmacher, Ludwig Anton Wiest, Carol Miculi, George Stephănescu, Constantin Dimitrescu, Gavriil Musicescu, Eduard Caudella, George Dima, Ciprian Porumbescu, Iacob Mureşianu, Dumitru Georgescu Kiriac, Alfonso Castaldi, Eduard Wachmann), the present article also encompasses two case studies. The first is Franz Liszt’s tour through the Romanian Countries, which offers a clearer image of the popular ideas circulating within the musical scene of the time. Liszt’s initiative to emphasize the national spirit through folk quotations reworked in rhapsodies should have inspired Romanian musicians; we will see whether this actually happened. The second case study concerns the musical life of Bucharest around 1900, when the directions of Romanian modern music were being traced, and cautious and selective steps were made toward harmonizing with Europe began.

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Wolff, Larry, Antoni Maczak, and Ursula Phillips. "Travel in Early Modern Europe." American Historical Review 101, no. 4 (October 1996): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169687.

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Cioc, Mark, Bjorn-Ola Linner, and Matt Osborn. "Environmental History Writing in Northern Europe." Environmental History 5, no. 3 (July 2000): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985483.

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Bess, Michael, Mark Cioc, and James Sievert. "Environmental History Writing in Southern Europe." Environmental History 5, no. 4 (October 2000): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985586.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Travel writing – History – Europe'

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