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Ajmera, Rohit. "Feasibility of using wearable devices for collecting pedestrian travel data." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5434.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 232 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-195).
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Norskov, Eriksen Line. "Utzon : travel thinking making travel studies as a site for creative-critical formation in architecture." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/utzon(5799c05f-eaf7-4f49-b464-e1d47fe3b12d).html.
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This thesis offers a historical and critical analysis of how the travel praxis (c. 1947-1959) of Danish architect Jørn Utzon (1918-2008) influenced the intellectual trajectory of his approach to architecture. Hence, this thesis examines his travels in North Africa, Europe, North America, Central America, the Far East, and Middle East, as he sought to recast anew an understanding of the levels beneath the superficial stylistic tropes of different civilizations, redeeming, as it were, transcultural architectural principles of how people respond to place, lying beyond the periodicity of history. In the existing literature, it is already well established that Utzon’s travel studies were not only critical to his own work, but historically significant for the course of the Modern Movement during the post-war period. Yet, his travel praxis has only been superficially reviewed, largely because of a previous lack of primary source evidence. In 2012, new research possibilities emerged, as Utzon’s family made significant parts of Utzon’s personal archive collection, from his life and work as an architect, available for research. Using inductive grounded theory as a methodological framework, this thesis offers the first extensive analysis of such material. Key findings are: Utzon’s travels were not just tied to personal, artistic agendas, but were a critical form of study that evolved gradually over the course of his formative period and underpinned his approach to architecture. Namely, it is argued that his travel praxis may be characterised as a process of integrating existential perceptions in an experiential manner. Both trajectories are grounded in a belief that architecture does not lend itself well to overly academic studies or distant observation and emphasise the study of architecture by means of a detour that accentuates the human forces and conditions – land, people, and time – that brought it into being. At the same time, this juxtaposition of an experiential approach with existentialism indicates an almost ontological stance, which places ‘profoundly being’ at the heart of the discipline. Finally, these findings are used, not only to deepen our understanding of Utzon’s oeuvre, but as an opportunity to engage with a wider perspective on the relativity between critical travel praxis and intellectual and creative identity formation, asserting the continued relevance of transcultural studies in contemporary architecture.
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pillet, lauriane Epron Benoît. "Réorganisation des ressources et services documentaires en ligne du SCD de l'Université de Picardie Jules verne dossier d'aide à la décision /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/document-2014.
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Projet professionnel personnel de bibliothécaire : gestion de projet : Bibliothéconomie : Villeurbanne, ENSSIB : 2008.Texte intégral. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. f. 49-51. Index.
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Beattie-Smith, Gillian L. "Romantic subjectivity : women's identity in their nineteenth-century travel writing about Scotland." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2017. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/romantic-subjectivity(349c0dbd-3b37-4b79-b18d-623aa76f421e).html.
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Women's identities are created and performed relational to the contexts in which they live and by which they are bound. Identities are performed within and against those contexts. Romantic subjectivity: women's identity in their nineteenth-century travel writing about Scotland, is concerned with the location of women and their creation and construction of relational identity in their personal narratives of the nineteenth century. The texts taken for study are travel journals, memoirs, and diaries, each of which narrates times and journeys in Scotland. The subjects of study are three women writers whose identities have been located relational to their husband, brother, or father. They are Sarah Stoddart Hazlitt, whose work was located with her husband's, William Hazlitt; Dorothy Wordsworth, whose work was located relational to her brother's, William Wordsworth; and Elizabeth Grant, whose identity was located with that of her father and his Highland estate. The texts considered are Journal of My Trip to Scotland, written by Sarah Stoddart Hazlitt in 1803; Recollections of a Tour made in Scotland, 1803 and Journal of my second tour in Scotland, 1822, written by Dorothy Wordsworth; and Memoirs of a Highland Lady, written by Elizabeth Grant about her life before 1830. The focus of study is Romantic subjectivity in the texts of the three women writers. Women's relational performativity to the prevailing social and cultural norms is examined and considered in the context of women writers; women's travel writing; and ideologies of women's place in the nineteenth century.
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Mokhfi, Atika. "Étude d'un dispositif d'enseignement à distance en libre accès sur le web : une approche didactique du travail enseignant dans le supérieur : le cas du dispositif Thermoptim-UNIT à l’école MINES ParisTech." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3005.
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La thèse porte aussi bien sur les portails de ressources en accès libre sur le Web et l’introduction des technologies en éducation. Elle s’appuie sur une approche anthropologique du didactique qui s’intéresse à la diffusion des connaissances dans la société et qui offre un cadre de référence à l’analyse du fonctionnement de systèmes didactiques instrumentés par les technologies. Notre étude porte sur le dispositif Thermoptim-UNIT et son portail de ressources pédagogiques numériques diffusées en libre accès sur le Web. Pour étudier les effets de l’introduction de ce dispositif dans l’enseignement de la discipline, nous considérons d’abord la place de l’enseignement de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques dans la situation particulière de l’école MINES ParisTech, pour comprendre comment et sous quelles conditions et contraintes s’opèrent la diffusion et la transposition de cette science au niveau de la société. Nous examinons ensuite le rôle joué par l’introduction progressive des technologies éducatives dans l’enseignement de la discipline. Notre méthodologie s’appuie dans un premier temps sur l’analyse des traces de l’activité sur le portail, puis sur des enquêtes par questionnaires et entretiens auprès des utilisateurs. En s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux effets du dispositif sur le travail des enseignants, notre étude s’organise autour de deux axes de recherche majeurs : les effets du recours aux technologies et aux technologies éducatives sur la transposition didactique de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques, ainsi que les effets perceptibles et déclarés de l’utilisation du dispositif sur l’enseignement de la disciplineThis work lies within the framework both of a research on open access Web portals and of the introduction of educational technologies. It is based on the anthropological theory of the didactic that studies knowledge diffusion in society and offers a reference framework to analyse the functioning of didactic systems instrumented by technologies. Our research studies the Thermoptim-UNIT portal and its open access educational resources portal. In order to study the effects of introducing this educational setting on the teaching of the discipline, we first consider the situation of teaching thermodynamics applied to energetic systems in the specific context of MINES ParisTech graduate school, to understand how and under which conditions and constraints the diffusion and transposition of this science are operating in society. We then examine the role played by the progressive introduction of educational technologies on teaching the discipline. Our methodology first relies on the analysis of activity traces on the portal, then on questionnaire surveys and user interviews. Looking more specifically at the effects of the educational setting on teachers’ work, our study is organised into two major research axes: 1/ the effects of technologies and the use of learning technologies on the didactical transposition of thermodynamics applied to energetic systems; 2/ the perceptible and declared effects of the use of this setting for teaching the discipline
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Kantorowicz, Benjamin. "Le portage salarial." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020094.
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Salariat et indépendance : la contradiction est profonde. En France, le droit du travail a été largement bâti sur l'opposition entre travail salarié et travail indépendant. Or, depuis plus de 20 ans, s'est développé en France un nouveau mode d'organisation du travail dénommé « portage salarial ». Il constitue une pratique contractuelle triangulaire établie entre des professionnels autonomes, une société de portage salarial et des clients. Ce mode d’organisation permet à ces professionnels de pouvoir exercer leur activité de façon indépendante, sans contrainte administrative ni de gestion, tout en bénéficiant des garanties sociales attachées au statut de salarié. Suspecté d'illégalité mais satisfaisant à un indéniable besoin social, le portage salarial devait être encadré. La loi du 25 juin 2008 portant modernisation du marché du travail donne à cette pratique un fondement légal et confie aux partenaires sociaux le soin de l’organiser. Malgré l’existence d’un accord collectif de branche, signé le 24 juin 2010, le portage salarial ne fait l’objet d’aucun encadrement législatif. Face au mutisme du législateur et à l’indécision du juge, l’insécurité règne. Il importe alors d’établir précisément les fondements et le mécanisme du portage salarial. Bien que périlleuse, cette quête d’un régime juridique mérite d’être entreprise afin de répondre au mieux aux attentes et aux interrogations des travailleurs et des entreprises qui seraient amenés à utiliser cette formule. Salariat et indépendance : la contradiction n’est que superficielleThe contradiction between wage-labor and independence is particularly deep. In France, labor law was mainly built upon the opposition which exists between the wage labor and independent labor regimes. However, the past 20 years gave rise to the development of a newsocioeconomic relationship between workers and their employers : the "umbrella company" regime. Such model consists in a three-party-contract involving independent professionals, an umbrella company, as well as a client company. This type of organization constitutes a means for professionals to operate a non-subordinate work environment deprived of administrative or management-related constraints, while benefiting from all the social advantages pertaining to the wage-labor status. Initially suspected of being illegal, yet providing an undeniable social necessity, the umbrella company system requires a specific framework. The statute dated June 25th, 2008 on the modernization of labor market provides a legal framework to this system and assigns trade unions the mission to organize the circumstances surrounding such framework. Despite the existence of an Agreement dated June 24th, 2010, the umbrella company system lacks a clear legislative framework. The legislative branch's silence combined to the judicial branch's indecision triggers off a situation of significant insecurity on a legal point of view. The implementation of clear legal grounds and mechanisms applicable to the umbrella company regime is thus of the utmost necessity. Although such process is synonymous with a perilous quest, it seems particularly relevant to undertake it in order to come up with the expectations and questions of both the workers and the companies. The contradiction between wage-labor and independence is particulary superficial
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Velazquez-Guerrero, Ramiro. "Contribution to the Design and Implementation of Portable Tactile Displays for the Visually Impaired." Diss., Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71591.
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This thesis explores the design, implementation and performance of a new concept for a low-cost, high-resolution, lightweight, compact and highly-portable tactile display. This tactile device is intended to be used in a novel visuo-tactile sensory substitution/supplemen-tation electronic travel aid (ETA) for the blind/visually impaired.Based on the psychophysiology of touch and using Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) as the actuation technology, a mechatronic device was designed and prototyped to stimulate the sense of touch by creating sensations of contact on the fingertips.The prototype consists of an array of 64 elements spaced 2.6 mm apart that vertically actuates SMA based miniature actuators of 1.5 mm diameter to a height range of 1.4 mm with a pull force of 300 mN up to a 1.5 Hz bandwidth. The full display weights 200 g and its compact dimensions (a cube of 8 cm side-length) make it easy for the user to carry. The display is capable of presenting a wide range of tactile binary information on its 8 x 8 matrix. Moreover, both mechanical and electronic drive designs are easily scalable to larger devices while still being price attractive.Human psychophysics experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the tactile information transmitted by the display to sighted people and show feasibility in principle of the system as an assistive technology for the blind/visually impaired.
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Paris, Christophe. "Conditions de travail et déficiences : Approche du vieillissement différentiel lors d'une étude transversale portant sur 21378 salaries." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T064.
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Déficiences et conditions de travail: approche du vieillissement différentiel lors d'une enquête transversale portant sur 21378 salaries : Les notions de déficiences, incapacités et désavantages constituent un champ nouveau d'investigations dans le domaine des relations entre travail et santé, conditionnellement à l'âge. Ce travail a pour objectif de rechercher l'existence de relations entre certaines déficiences liées à l'âge et des situations de travail contraignantes, sous l'hypothèse d'un vieillissement différentiel. Cette étude s'inscrit dans l'enquête ESTEV et utilise les données transversales du recueil effectué en 1990. 4 groupes d'âge (37, 42, 47 et 52 ans) ont été constitués après tirage au sort et stratification sur le sexe, à partir de listes exhaustives de salariés suivis par des médecins du travail volontaires pour participer à cette enquête. Les conditions de travail actuelles ou anciennes d'une part, les troubles du sommeil, les atteintes ostéoarticulaires et l'hypertension artérielle (HTA), retenus comme des indicateurs de santé liés à l'âge d'autre part, ont été décrits par des questionnaires standardisés. 21378 sujets ont été inclus dans ce travail. L'existence d'une relation entre l'âge et la prévalence de chaque déficience est retrouvée chez les deux sexes. L'analyse multivariée, utilisant la régression logistique, met en évidence des relations significatives entre la prévalence des troubles du sommeil et des atteintes ostéoarticulaires et certaines expositions professionnelles actuelles ou passées (travail posté, port de charges lourdes. . . ). Il existe une relation significative entre ces expositions professionnelles et le cumul des déficiences entre elles, en tenant compte de l'âge. Ces relations sont cohérentes entre les deux sexes et persistent après ajustement sur différents facteurs de confusion. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec les données de la littérature et notamment l'hypothèse d'un vieillissement différentiel par le travail. Ils devront être confirmés par l'analyse longitudinale des données ESTEV recueillies en 1995Deficiencies and work conditions: approach to the differential ageing among a cross sectionnal study of 21378 workers : The notions of deficiencies, disabilities and disadvantages make up a new area of investigations in the field of the relations between work and health, conditionally to age. This work aims at looking for the existence of relations between some deficiencies bound to ageing and constraining working conditions, under the hypothesis of a differential ageing. This study lies within the scope of the ESTEV survey and uses the cross- sectional data of the collection carried out in 1990. Four groups of age (37, 42, 47 and 52) have been formed alter drawing lots and stratification on sex, from exhaustive lists of workers followed by occupational health physicians, who participated voluntarily in this survey. The present or past working conditions on the one hand, sleep disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and high blood pressure (HTA}, considered as health indicators linked to ageing on the other hand, have been described in standardized questionnaires. 21,378 patients have been involved in this work. Relation between the age and the prevalence of each deficiency can be found among both sexes. The many various tests, using the logistical regression, reveal significant relations between prevalence of sleep disorders and some musculoskeletal disorders and some present or past professional exposures (shiftwork, carrying of heavy loads. . . ). There is a significant relation between these professional exposures and the accumulation of the deficiencies between them, in taking age into account. These relations are coherent for both sexes and persist alter adjustment on various factors of confusion. These results are compatible with the data in the literature and particularly the hypothesis of a differential ageing through work. They will have to be confirmed by the longitudinal analysis of the ESTEV data collected in 1995. ·
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Stenton, Alison Mary. "Late eighteenth-century home tours and travel narratives : genre, culture and space." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/late-eighteenthcentury-home-tours-and-travel-narratives--genre-culture-and-space(658b9153-fe6f-40fc-be7f-b8b041f124e1).html.
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Clouaire, Pascal. "Les réseaux sociothechniques dans la formation des portails des Universités de Grenoble (1998-2008)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENL024.
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L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser l'émergence d'un objet technique, un portail numérique de produits de formation, en identifiant tous les actants qu'un tel projet a mobilisés et en tentant de saisir la logique de leurs interactions pour en dégager les différentes configurations sociotechniques qui se succèdent, les lois ou les régularités qui les rendent représentatives d'un processus d'innovation technique. À partir d'une enquête de terrain fortement inspirée d'une démarche ethnographique, cette recherche dresse l'inventaire de douze portails numériques qui se sont succédés entre 1998 et 2008 dans les Universités de Grenoble et décrit dans le même mouvement les acteurs, leurs positions (convergentes ou contradictoires), les différents points de vue en présence et les enjeux politiques, techniques, économiques, etc.Empruntant le concept d'objet-frontière pour englober cet ensemble d'environnements numériques successifs et communs à un territoire universitaire, l'étude donne une importance aux objets dans l'action et offre une méthode de compréhension des points d'association et de rupture entre les différents actants mobilisés. L'objectif est de modéliser les interactions qui s'établissent à chaque nouveau « prototype » de portail et qui traduisent des chaînes d'associations (techniques, économiques, politiques et d'utilisation) faisant apparaître différents réseaux.En référence à la théorie de l'acteur-réseau, l'analyse des processus de fabrication des portails consiste à identifier les mécanismes à l'œuvre dans les mouvements générateurs de ces réseaux. Cette sociologie conduit à porter un regard particulier sur le portail, considéré comme la résultante d'une combinaison d'associations entre des actants humains et non-humains. Le portail est alors une mise en forme des relations d'entités hétérogènes sociales et techniques. Pour comprendre ces mécanismes de construction, d'ajustement ou de stabilisation des liens entre les entités du réseau, la démarche consiste, dans un premier temps, en partant de l'historique des douze portails, à transposer l'ensemble des données observées dans un espace topographique (schémas, tableaux) et d'y faire figurer les relations qui se nouent entre les différents actants par la médiation de l'objet technique.Cette mise en scène des douze réseaux, à partir de l'objet technique en tant que point de repère des transformations successives de l'objet-frontière, permet dans un second temps de réaliser une analyse de la structure des réseaux, c'est-à-dire de l'ensemble des données et des agencements entre ces données qui structurent un espace. L'analyse consiste alors à interpréter la structure obtenue pour rendre compte des agencements particuliers. Pour chacun des douze portails, cette recherche met en lumière des structures particulières de réseaux et des propriétés spécifiques de constitution, de déformation et de disparition auxquelles sont soumis ces collectifs hybrides. Le rapprochement itératif et méthodique entre ces structures permet de les classer en trois ensembles distincts : les réseaux autocentrés, les réseaux coopératifs et les réseaux ouverts. Ces derniers révèlent des propriétés spécifiques, notamment : - que la compétition symbolique ou économique est une force structurante du réseau ; – que l'objet technique est un composant dont la plasticité dépend davantage de la structure du réseau que de ses caractéristiques techniques ; – que le potentiel d'action d'une entité (c'est-à-dire sa capacité à créer de la différence au sein du réseau) est lié à sa capacité à établir des associations. L'ensemble de ces propriétés traduit des processus d'innovation qui amènent à questionner le modèle de l'innovation de P. Flichy quant à la distinction des deux cadres dans l'objet-frontière et le modèle de la traduction quant à son principe de symétrieThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the emergence of a technical object - a digital portal for training products - by identifying all actors that such a project has mobilized and trying to grasp the logic of their interactions to define the various socio-technical configurations laws or regularities that make them representative of a technical innovation process. From a field survey strongly inspired by an ethnographic approach, this research provides an inventory of twelve digital portals that succeeded between 1998 and 2008 at the Universities of Grenoble while describing actors and their positions (converging or contradictory), the different point of view, and the political, technical and economic stakes.Borrowing from the boundary object concept to include this set of successive digital environments common to a university territory study gives importance to objects in action and provides a method of understanding of the association and breaking points between mobilized actors. The objective is to model the interactions established for each new "prototype" portal, which represent chains of associations (technical, economic, political and usage) thus revealing different networks.With reference to the theory of the actor-network, this analysis of the design process of portals aims to identify the mechanisms at work in generating these networks. This sociology implies taking a particular look at the portal, considered as the result of a combination of associations between human and non-human actors. The portal is there by shaped by the heterogeneous social and technical relationships of the actors who designed it.To understand these mechanisms of construction, adjustment or stabilization of the links between network entities, the approach starts with an historical overview of the twelve portals in order to transpose all of the observed data into a topographical space (diagrams, tables) and to include the relationships established between actants through the mediation of the technical object.This presentation of the twelve networks, which considers the technical object as a landmark of successive transformations of the boundary object, then makes it possible to perform an analysis of the network structure, that is say of the set of data and and how the relationships between this data structure a space. The analysis then consists in interpreting the resulting structure to account for special relationships. For each of the twelve portals, this research highlights specific network structures and specific properties of the constitution, deformation and loss that these hybrid collectives are subject to. The iterative and systematic connection between these structures can be classified into three distinct groups: self-centered networks, collaborative networks and open networks. These groups reveal specific properties, including: - symbolic or economic competition is a structuring force of the network; - the technical object is a component whose plasticity depends more on the structure of the network than on its technical characteristics; - the action potential of an entity (that is to say its ability to create difference within the network) is related to its ability to establish associations.All of these innovation processes lead us to question the P. Flichy model of innovation regarding the distinction of the two boundary object frameworks and in the model of the actor-network in its principle of symmetry
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Hagag, Wegdan. "The E-Cultural Adaption Framework (E-CAF) : adapting the local travel interface for Egyptian consumers." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-ecultural-adaption-framework-ecaf(67ee0172-d62c-4b13-8bef-55169df78742).html.
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Although the Internet has become a global medium, which companies use to access individuals worldwide, it is argued in this thesis that cultural issues still need to be taken into account when designing Web sites. In fact, international marketers agree that culture in terms of consumers‘ values and beliefs remains a significant constraint for reaching international consumers. Professional analysts and designers generally agree that well-designed user interfaces improve the performance and appeal of the Web and help in reaching large numbers of consumers across cultures. Therefore, one way of improving the user-interface is by paying attention to users' culture, which means developing culturally adapted Web sites. The Web localisation literature addresses the users' ultural concerns by utilising some of the popular cultural models like those of Hofstede and Hall; however these tools are not appropriate for handling the cultural values affecting the online behaviour of consumers. Effective Web localisation can be achieved through an appropriate cultural framework that incorporates the cultural values that affect the online behaviour of consumers. This thesis introduces the electronic cultural adaption framework or E-CAF, as a structure for adapting local Web interfaces. The E-CAF, constructed for the travel domain, uses six cultural dimensions derived from the observation of behaviour and identifies unique cultural variables that affect online consumer behaviour. The E-CAF is constructed using grounded theory methodology and is then evaluated as a tool for adapting local Web interfaces. This includes discussing the applicability of the E-CAF as a tool for identifying online marketing strategies suitable for targeting consumers across cultures and using the E-CAF to assess and evaluate the cultural adaptation of three Egyptian local travel interfaces. Finally, the E-CAF is utilized as a means for developing questions that can help designers to collect the clients' designing requirements. This helps the designers to build an effective local interface based on an understanding of each client‘s special design requirements.
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Salichon, Catherine. "Les déclenchements artificiels du travail à terme : à propos d'une étude portant sur 425 déclenchements." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6209.
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Butler, Rebecca. "Resurgence and insurgence : British women travel writers and the Italian Risorgimento, 1844-1858." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/resurgence-and-insurgence-british-women-travel-writers-and-the-italian-risorgimento-18441858(c207e708-49cd-44ad-83ea-4c2abc1b0c50).html.
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This study examines the evolution of British women travel writers’ engagement with the Risorgimento during a decisive period preceding Italian reunification, from the infamous letter-opening incident of 1844 to the eve of the Second Italian War of Independence (1859-1861). Despite being outwardly denied a political voice back home, British women were conspicuous in their engagement with the Italian question. Italy’s allegorical personification lent itself well to female-oriented interpretations of the Risorgimento, with many women seeing Italy’s political oppression under Austria as analogous to their own disenfranchised condition in Britain. The rise of mass tourism on the Continent made Italy increasingly accessible to Victorian women travellers, not only as a locus of culture, but also of political enquiry. The generic hybridity of travel writing further enabled Victorian women’s political engagement by granting a degree of fluidity between traditionally feminine and masculine genres. In turn, Italy played a foundational - albeit somewhat equivocal - role in British women’s literary professionalization as travel writers. My research focusses on the intersections between political advocacy, gender ideologies, national identity, and literary authority in women’s travel accounts of Italy. It contributes to current literary scholarship on the Risorgimento by providing a sustained analysis of Victorian women’s non-fiction travel writing as an under-represented genre in Anglo-Italian studies. Encompassing both published and unpublished travel writing across a variety of media, it aims to represent a broader diversity of literary responses to the Italian question. Through a comparative framework, I position prominent figures like Mary Shelley, Florence Nightingale and Fanny Kemble alongside marginalized writers such as Clotilda Stisted, Selina Bunbury, Mary Charlton Pasqualino, Maria Dunbar, Janet Robertson and Frances Dickinson, with fruitful intersections. My findings identify a number of shared discourses across these women’s travel accounts in response to discrete political moments 3 within the process of Italian reunification. By attending to such moments as unique discursive events, this study interrogates teleological narratives of British writers’ engagement with the Risorgimento. My analysis shows such discourses to be temporally contingent, being shaped not only by the episodes themselves, but also by extrinsic political and commercial considerations. Personal factors also differentiate individual responses to Italy, with many women travellers parallelling their autobiographical journeys with the peninsula’s political travails. However, my findings equally undercut a mutually reinforcing, proto-feminist narrative of women travellers’ liberal engagement with the Risorgimento. Instead, this study delineates the tensions as well as the synchronicities between representations of the female travelling self and Italy, revealing them to be often competing sites of authority.
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Lynde, Clément. "Développement d'un imageur neutron portable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE006/document.
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Le sujet de la thèse vise à développer un imageur neutron portable présentant des performances de détection compatibles avec les besoins de la recherche et de l’industrie nucléaire, notamment ceux du démantèlement. Cette thèse se décompose en trois axes principaux de recherche, précédés d’une phase de recherche bibliographique. Suite à cette dernière, l’approche de localisation retenue est l‘imagerie de neutrons rapides par encodage spatial. Les détecteurs de neutrons ont été étudiés et plusieurs choix, adaptés à cette problématique, ont été retenus pour la suite de l’étude. Le premier axe est consacré aux études sur le développement d’un détecteur de neutrons sensible à la position. Le deuxième axe est lié à la conception et au prototypage d’un imageur neutronique, se reposant sur un masque codé et un détecteur Timepix modifié par une couche de paraffine. Le dernier axe concerne le déploiement et la caractérisation expérimentale de ce prototypeThe subject of the thesis aims at developing a portable neutron imager with detection performance compatible with the needs of the nuclear research and industry, in particular those of decommissioning. This thesis is divided into three main areas of research, preceded by a bibliographic research phase. Following the latter, the localization approach adopted is spatial encoding fast neutron imaging. Neutron detectors were studied and several choices adapted to this challenge were selected for the continuation of the study. The first axis is dedicated to the studies on the development of a position-sensitive neutron detector. The second axis is related to the design and prototyping of a portable neutron imager, based on a coded aperture and a Timepix detector enhanced with a paraffin layer. The last axis concerns the deployment and experimental characterization of this prototype
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Henes, Mary. "The land of the lion and the sun : British travel-writing on Persia, 1890-1940." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-land-of-the-lion-and-the-sun(752abec2-569c-47dc-a6b7-748960b24454).html.
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This thesis explores the diversity and evolution of British travel-writing on Persia from 1890, and argues that as a liminal space with the British geo-political world view, Persia offered an especially fertile ground for travel-writers to record their experiences in a wide variety of forms and styles. Furthermore, European awareness of ancient and early modern Persian history, culture and literature colours many of the works, which are seen to evolve towards a more poetically inclined style of travel-literature in the 1920s and 1930s. With a structure which often compares men’s and women’s writing from the same decade, the selection of authors stresses travel-writing’s connections with other genres including journalism, war reportage, accounts of military exploration and missionary memoir. Over the fifty years of the thesis, Britain engaged deeply with Persian internal politics, and records emerge from soldiers, diplomats, missionaries and independent travellers. The first chapter compares George Curzon’s Persia and the Persian Question (1892) with Ella Sykes’ Through Persia on a Side-Saddle (1896), particularly their implied readers. The second chapter compares Percy Sykes’ Ten Thousand Miles in Persia (1902), a cartographically and historically engaged text, with the work of a missionary, Mary Hume-Griffith, whose Behind the Veil (1906) considers the position of women in Persia, and implicitly in Britain. Chapter 3 discusses various engagements with the Persian Constitutional Revolution: the memoirs of journalists; the British Government’s Persia Committee; and the Persia Society. Chapter 4 looks at the war memoirs to emerge from Persia, then Vita Sackville-West’s two travelogues, Passenger to Teheran (1926) and Twelve Days (1928). The final chapter considers Freya Stark’s The Valleys of the Assassins (1934) and Robert Byron’s The Road to Oxiana (1937), reassessing the pair in the light of their predecessors.
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Agnew, Eadaoin. "From memsahibs to missionaries : subjectivity in nineteenth-century British women's travel writing in India." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-memsahibs-to-missionaries-subjectivity-in-nineteenthcentury-british-womens-travel-writing-in-india(982b6a85-3fde-4b1b-93f2-eb0c0db924bb).html.
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This thesis examines the subject positions assumed in the visual and textual representations of India by four nineteenth-century British women: Fanny Parks (17941875), Marianne North (1830-1890), Lady Hariot Dufferin (1843-1936), and Amy Carmichael (1867-1951). Through a post-structuralist, postcolonial and feminist approach, it seeks to examine the double bind of coloniser/colonised that is experienced by white women in empire. The Introduction briefly outlines the history of theoretical approaches to women's travel writing in India and elucidates women's exclusion from the narratives of both travel and imperialism. It draws heavily on the work of Mills and Ghose to set up, what is referred to as, a counter-recuperative study. Chapter One discusses Fanny Parks's publication Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque, During Four and Twenty Years in the East; With Revelations of Life in the Zenana. Taking the pilgrim as the dominant subjectivity inscribed by Parks, this chapter uses Leask's analysis of the picturesque, Richard's discussion of imperial archives, and Mulvey's idea of the gaze to examine how Parks negotiates the conflicting aspects of her persona. • Chapter Two looks at Marianne North's paintings, her publication Recollections of a Happy Life, her private letters and unpublished manuscript. It focuses on North's displacement of her desires of sovereignty, sexuality and scientific imperialism onto the colonial landscape, using the work of Mary Louise Pratt, Michel Foucault and Nancy Paxton to create a theoretical context for the use of topography as an imaginative repository. Chapter Three considers Lady Dufferin's unpublished correspondence to her mother, her private collection of photographs and her publication Our Viceregal Life. Through these representations, the Vicereine constructs an authoritative feminine identity that subverts and supports conventional narratives of Victorian women. This is examined through the work of Elizabeth Langland and Nupur Chaudhuri. Chapter Four looks at Amy Carmichael's numerous missionary publications, her private letters and a collection of photographs. Predominantly drawing on Barbara Ramusack's and Antoinette Burton's analyses, this chapter argues that Carmichael assumes a motherly persona in a move that is both imperialist and feminist. Supplied by The British Library - 'The world's knowledge'
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Colombo, Alice. "Reworkings in the textual history of Gulliver's Travels : a translational approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reworkings-in-the-textual-history-of-gullivers-travels(14665966-f5f9-4ff4-b1fd-48ab496fa65d).html.
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On 28 October 1726 Gulliver’s Travels debuted on the literary scene as a political and philosophical satire meant to provoke and entertain an audience of relatively educated and wealthy British readers. Since then, Swift’s work has gradually evolved, assuming multiple forms and meanings while becoming accessible and attractive to an increasingly broad readership in and outside Britain. My study emphasises that reworkings, including re-editions, translations, abridgments, adaptations and illustrations, have played a primary role in this process. Its principal aim is to investigate how reworkings contributed to the popularity of Gulliver’s Travels by examining the dynamics and the stages through which they transformed its text and its original significance. Central to my research is the assumption that this transformation is largely the result of shifts of a translational nature and that, therefore, the analysis of reworkings and the understanding of their role can greatly benefit from the models of translation description devised in Descriptive Translation Studies. The reading of reworkings as entailing processes of translation shows how derivative creations operate collaboratively to ensure literary works’ continuous visibility and actively shape the literary polysystem. The study opens with an exploration of existing approaches to reworkings followed by an examination of the characteristics which exposed Gulliver’s Travels to continuous rethinking and reworking. Emphasis is put on how the work’s satirical significance gave rise to a complex early textual problem for which Gulliver’s Travels can be said to have debuted on the literary scene as a derivative production in the first place. The largest part of the study is devoted to textual analysis. This is carried out in two stages. First I concentrate on reworkings of Gulliver’s Travels published in eighteenth- and in nineteenth-century Italy. These illustrate how interlingual translation operated alongside criticism, abridgment, adaptation and pictorial representation to extend the accessibility of Swift’s work and eventually turned it into a popular and children’s book. Then, I examine British reworkings and how the translational processes which they entail contributed to the popularity and the popularisation of Gulliver’s Travels in eighteenth-century Britain.
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Jerdioui, Hajar. "La construction sociale des risques psychosociaux au travail dans le contexte socioéconomique marocain : études portant sur les métiers des industries de carrières et des SSII." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E008.
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L’objectif de cette thèse n’est pas de définir des lois générales du stress ou des risques psychosociaux (RPS) au travail, mais de comprendre les ressorts actuels de ces phénomènes dans des contextes particuliers (le Maroc, les carrières, les SSII), puis, par la comparaison, de passer à des généralisations contrôlées sur le rôle de la culture, des relations sociales (entre salariés et employeurs, entre collègues…), des contraintes économiques, des institutions, etc., dans la mise en forme de l’expression et de l’expérience des RPS au travail. Le travail de terrain, mené dans une perspective constructiviste, porte sur cinq échantillons de salariés ou acteurs du monde économique et social marocains dans deux entreprises de carrière, deux SSII et des acteurs du système sanitaire et social ; il a été complété par une observation des visites périodiques à la médecine du travail. Nous nous sommes rendu compte que la notion complexe et polysémique de RPS est construite en fonction des différentes représentations sociales ainsi que du contexte socioéconomique, culturel et politique qui structurent le vécu des difficultés et des risques. Nous avons découvert, grâce aux études de cas, que les risques psychosociaux au travail sont vécus, gérés et exprimés de manière différente selon le milieu professionnelThe aim of this thesis is not to define general laws of stress or psychosocial risks (PSR) at work, but to understand these phenomena in particular contexts (Morocco, quarry, IT services company), then, by the comparison, to move to controlled generalizations about the role of culture, social relations (between employees and employers, colleagues…), economic constraints, institutions, etc., in shaping the expression and experience of PSR at work. The fieldwork, carried out in an approach inscribed in the constructivism concerns five samples of employees or actors of the Moroccan economic and social world: two quarry companies, two IT services companies and socio-medical actors, as well as an observation of periodic visits to occupational medicine. We realized that the complex and polysemic notion of PSR is constructed according to the different social representations as well as the socio-economic, cultural and political context that structure the experience of difficulties and risks. Through the case studies, we discovered that psychosocial risks at work are experienced, managed and expressed in different ways in different workplaces
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Louvion, Alexis. "Blanchir les zones grises de l'emploi : le portage salarial, extension ou détournement des institutions salariales ?" Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED055.
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Cette thèse étudie l’hybridation des statuts d’emploi à travers le portage salarial, mécanisme qui permet à des travailleurs indépendants de disposer du statut de salarié par la signature d’un contrat de travail avec un tiers employeur. En s’appuyant sur une enquête par entretiens, observations, et analyse documentaire (contrats de travail, jurisprudences, textes de loi, articles de presse), la thèse, qui se situe au carrefour de la sociologie du travail et de l’emploi, de la sociologie économique et de la sociologie du droit, entreprend d’analyser les différentes étapes de la chaîne de production et d’appropriation de ce salariat particulier. Elle retrace ainsi la co-construction juridique et législative du dispositif, étudie la manière dont les entreprises de portage font commerce de cette forme d’emploi, et analyse les bricolages faits par des travailleurs qui tentent de tirer parti de la situation hybride dans laquelle ils se trouventThrough the umbrella companies’ example, this thesis analyses self-employed and employed work evolutions. Based on interviews, ethnographic material and a document review, this thesis follows retraces how this employment relationship is produced and uses by different actors. The first part focuses on the legal construction of this specific form of employment, and its integration to standard employment. The second part is based on an analysis of third-party employer strategies. The last part shows how this type of employment is used by workers for securing career paths, but helps to consolidate the inequalities
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Souissi, Amen. "Modélisation centrée sur les processus métier pour la génération complète de portails collaboratifs." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935324.
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Les entreprises collaborent pour saisir des opportunités, échanger des documents et ressources, cela en suivant des processus métier pouvant évoluer. Les portails collaboratifs sont une solution orientée web à ce besoin de collaboration. Cependant, la conception et la maintenance d'un portail collaboratif métier n'est pas trivial et reste peu accessible aux acteurs de l'entreprise. Cela a comme conséquence la difficulté de maintenir et faire évoluer le portail collaboratif sans que cela ne soit trop coûteux en temps et financièrement. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, une solution consiste à capter les besoins métier de la collaboration dans un modèle, puis générer automatiquement le portail collaboratif correspondant. Le modèle, dans ce cas, doit être accessible aux acteurs métier et expressif décrivant ainsi les aspects les plus complexes d'une collaboration. C'est dans ce contexte que se situent nos travaux. À défaut d'avoir une solution toute faite, nous avons mis en place une approche de conception de portail collaboratif fondée sur l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles. Pour la description de nos portails, nous avons choisi de privilégier la modélisation des entreprises centrée sur les processus métier comme point de départ. Notre solution repose sur notre métamodèle MACoP (Modeling and Analysis of Collaborative Portal). Dans ce métamodèle nous avons fait cohabiter l'accessibilité et l'expressivité. Cela en proposant de nouveaux concepts permettant ainsi la génération complète des portails collaboratifs. Le métamodèle MACoP est accompagné d'une chaîne de transformations permettant de passer directement d'un modèle MACoP au code Python du portail collaboratif.
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Reger, Giles Matthew. "Automata based monitoring and mining of execution traces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/automata-based-monitoring-and-mining-of-execution-traces(08eb0a62-53a3-4171-b4d2-36bfe450b9a7).html.
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This thesis contributes work to the fields of runtime monitoring and specification mining. It develops a formalism for specifying patterns of behaviour in execution traces and defines techniques for checking these patterns in, and extracting patterns from, traces. These techniques represent an extension in the expressiveness of properties that can be efficiently and effectively monitored and mined. The behaviour of a computer system is considered in terms of the actions it performs, captured in execution traces. Patterns of behaviour, formally defined in trace specifications, denote the traces that the system should (or should not) exhibit. The main task this work considers is that of checking that the system conforms to the specification i.e. is correct. Additionally, trace specifications can be used to document behaviour to aid maintenance and development. However, formal specifications are often missing or incomplete, hence the mining activity. Previous work in the field of runtime monitoring (checking execution traces) has tended to either focus on efficiency or expressiveness, with different approaches making different trade-offs. This work considers both, achieving the expressiveness of the most expressive existing tools whilst remaining competitive with the most efficient. These elements of expressiveness and efficiency depend on the specification formalism used. Therefore, we introduce quantified event automata for describing patterns of behaviour in execution traces and then develop a range of efficient monitoring algorithms. To monitor execution traces we need a formal description of expected behaviour. However, these are often difficult to write - especially as there is often a lack of understanding of actual behaviour. The field of specification mining aims to explain the behaviour present in execution traces by extracting specifications that conform to those traces. Previous work in this area has primarily been limited to simple specifications that do not consider data. By leveraging the quantified event automata formalism, and its efficient trace checking procedures, we introduce a generate-and-check style mining framework capable of accurately extracting complex specifications. This thesis, therefore, makes separate significant contributions to the fields of runtime monitoring and specification mining. This work generalises and extends existing techniques in runtime monitoring, enabling future research to better understand the interaction between expressiveness and efficiency. This work combines and extends previous approaches to specification mining, increasing the expressiveness of specifications that can be mined.
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BORRY, SYLVIE, and DIDIER BRIQUE. "Interet du depistage des nodules thyroidiens en medecine du travail : etude portant sur 110 dossiers de pathologies thyroidiennes depistees par le centre interentreprises de la medecine obligatoire du travail de dunkerque, cimot." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M224.
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Danjean, Vincent. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'ordonnanceurs de processus légers performants et portables pour architectures multiprocesseurs." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009541.
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En informatique, la notion de processus léger ou thread est désormais omniprésente. En effet, les threads permettent à un programme d'une part d'exploiter pleinement les ordinateurs multiprocesseurs et d'autre part d'exprimer son parallélisme intrinsèque. Dans le domaine du calcul hautes performances, les threads permettent de recouvrir des communications ou plus généralement des entrées/sorties avec du calcul. Ils permettent aussi aux divers composants de l'application de progresser indépendamment les uns des autres, ce qui est nécessaire avec l'utilisation d'environnements de programmation toujours plus complexes comme MPI ou Corba.Mes travaux avaient pour objectif principal d'aboutir à la conception d'une bibliothèque de threads performante sur une vaste gamme d'architectures (machines mono ou multiprocesseurs, technologie "multithreading simultané", ...) et capable d'offrir les fonctionnalités demandées par les programmes de calcul hautes performances. Dans un premier temps, j'ai proposé une extension du modèle des Scheduler Activations pour le noyau Linux permettant d'être réactif aux interruptions dans une bibliothèque de threads utilisateurs. J'ai ensuite étendu ce mécanisme de manière à unifier la gestion des interruptions et des scrutations dans un environnement multithreadé. Enfin, j'ai proposé un mécanisme de prise de traces permettant de reconstituer précisément le déroulement d'un programme multithreadé, y compris lorsque l'ordonnancement est à deux niveaux.
Ces travaux ont été implémentés au sein du logiciel PM2. La bibliothèque Marcel offre des threads performants sur une vaste gamme de processeurs et de systèmes en restant suffisamment flexible pour permettre aux applications qui le nécessitent de diriger précisément l'ordonnancement de leurs threads. Les applications peuvent être tracées de manière à pouvoir reconstituer et observer leur comportement précis. La trace obtenue peut être convertie au format du logiciel Pajé qui permet alors de visualiser graphiquement le déroulement de l'application.
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Quesne, Aloise. "Le contrat portant sur le corps humain." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC028.
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Le corps humain n’a pas échappé au mouvement de contractualisation protéiforme qui se généralise. En ce sens, notre thèse a permis de démontrer l’existence d’une nouvelle catégorie juridique : celle du contrat portant sur le corps humain. Il s’agit d’un genre contractuel qui abrite de nombreuses espèces. La spécificité de ces contrats et l’hétérogénéité des règles qui les gouvernent n’est pas un obstacle à leur systématisation : le contrat portant sur le corps humain est un accord de volontés par lequel l’une des parties met son corps à disposition de l’autre pour l’exécution de la prestation convenue entre elles. En vertu de ce contrat, le cocontractant exerce un pouvoir matériel sur le corps mis à sa disposition. La prestation peut se réaliser sur ou par le corps mis à disposition. Un régime commun a pu être mis à jour. En effet, le législateur prévoit des obligations d’information pour éclairer le consentement de la partie faible, des droits potestatifs extinctifs lui sont également attribués afin que son consentement soit toujours révocable et un encadrement de la sécurité corporelle est nécessairement assuré. Cette étude a conduit à l’élaboration d’une classification des espèces contractuelles, ce qui permet de bénéficier d’une vision d’ensemble de ces contrats et de comprendre que chacun d’entre eux doit s’apprécier suivant l’acte envisagé et le corps mis à disposition. Dès lors, des règles spécifiques s’appliquent, lesquelles sont entièrement dédiées à la protection du corps et, partant, de la dignité humaineThe human body has not escaped the movement of protean contractualization that is becoming more widespread. In this sense, our thesis made it possible to demonstrate the existence of a new legal category: that of the contract relating to the human body. It is a contractual genus that houses many species. The specificity of these contracts and the heterogeneity of the rules governing them is not an obstacle to their systematization: the contract relating to the human body is an agreement of will by which one of the parties makes his body available to the other for the performance of the service agreed between them. Under this contract, the contracting partner exercises material power over the body placed at his disposal. The service can be performed on or through the body provided. A common regime has been updated. Indeed, the legislator lays down information obligations to enlighten the consent of the weaker party, extinctive potential rights are also granted to him so that his consent can always be revoked and a framework for bodily safety is necessarily ensured. This study led to the elaboration of a classification of contractual species, which allows us to benefit from an overview of these contracts and to understand that each of them must be assessed according to the act envisaged and the body made available. As a result, specific rules apply, which are entirely dedicated to the protection of the body and, therefore, of human dignity
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Freedman, Marci. "The transmission and reception of Benjamin of Tudela's Book of Travels from the twelfth century to 1633." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-transmission-and-reception-of-benjamin-of-tudelas-book-of-travel-from-the-twelfth-century-to-1633(9f6281ae-629d-4b29-8e74-f6c3500f5e73).html.
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This thesis explores the transmission and reception of Benjamin of Tudela’s Book of Travels, a twelfth-century Hebrew travel narrative. Scholarship of the Book of Travels is fragmentary, descriptive and largely focused on what the narrative can tell scholars about the twelfth-century Jewish and non-Jewish worlds. This study presents a methodological shift away from an intra-textual examination of the text by seeking to answer how the text has been transmitted, how successive copiers and printers have changed the text, and how readers interpreted and used the text between the twelfth and seventeenth centuries. It begins with an outline of the extant manuscripts through a codicological examination and textual comparison. Based on a close reading of the manuscripts, it illustrates how the Book of Travels has survived in four separate textual witnesses. This study, however, highlights the centrality of the Jerusalem manuscript, which carried the transmission of the Book of Travels from manuscript into print. Whilst scholars have argued that the text has been edited and redacted, this thesis offers a more nuanced argument for scribal intervention as copyists, and later printers, altered the text through error and deliberate omissions and additions. Consequently, there is no single transmission of the Book of Travels. Although the core of the text remained unchanged, readers would have encountered different texts through the lens of copyists and printers. The second half of the thesis addresses the medieval and early modern reception of the Book of Travels. It argues that the narrative was used in a variety of contexts, from polemics, to biblical geography and history by medieval Jewish scholars. The early modern reception, discussed more broadly, indicates that the printed Hebrew editions of 1543 and 1556 were read by an Sephardic audience for the purposes of connecting to their Iberian heritage, with an additional layer of interpretation which linked the text to the hope for redemption and the coming of the Messiah. As the text becomes introduced to Christian readers in both Hebrew and Latin, the Book of Travels was initially understood and used in a similar manner. The 1583 Hebrew edition and first Latin translation of 1575 also applied the text to history and biblical geography. This study thus illuminates the continuity in the way in which the Book of Travels was understood – as an eye-witness and authoritative source which found contemporary resonance with later readers. The second Latin translation of 1633 represents an evolution in the way in which the Book of Travels was interpreted, as the text was now engaged polemically to attack the Jews. This study also investigates the censorship of the Book of Travels. It analyses not just the text which has been excised through self-censorship, and the prohibition and expurgations proscribed by both the Italian and Spanish Inquisitions, but also how this impacted the transmission and reception of the narrative. It is shown that whilst Inquisitorial censorship was seemingly systematic, it was unevenly applied and did not impact on the Book of Travels’ transmission. This thesis is ultimately a pioneering study of the afterlives of a Hebrew travel narrative which enjoyed a rich manuscript and printed tradition. In attracting both Jewish and Christian readers alike, the Book of Travels endured and continued to find relevance amongst audiences. As a result of its versatility the Book of Travels achieved a prominent position within the Jewish and Christian worlds crossing cultural and religious divides between the twelfth and seventeenth centuries.
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Smith, Lucy Christina. "Julia Margaret Cameron and archival creativity : traces of photographic imagination from the Victorian album to neo-Victorian fiction." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/julia-margaret-cameron-and-archival-creativity(06ec2450-6138-45d0-a2ff-0c97632cd3ff).html.
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The photographs and albums of Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) form an originating site of archival creativity, both in their internal dynamics and for a range of textual representations. Conceptually, the archive is increasingly being explored as a creative and affective site for the production of culture and fiction, with Victorian traces featuring prominently due to their richness and profusion. Creative experiments with textual archives have met with critical attention; yet the visual archive is also embedded with fluid patterns of meaning, complicated by the flexible relation between image and text. Victorian photography in particular offers auratic and temporal qualities that can produce implicit narratives. Drawing on a recent wave of Cameron scholarship, I argue that Cameron was an archival artist, creating portraits inspired by history and literature that embed a matrix of cultural strands which demand to be interpreted affectively by the viewer. Her many photographic albums can be “read” as visual archives that present a series of imagined experiences to the viewer, question Victorian politics of identity, and contain fluid narrative potential. These archival narratives can be compared to the way in which Cameron’s photographic imagination has been translated over the last century and a half into textual narratives, in which the photographs act as material tokens of memory, conduits of female emancipation and transformative visual experiences. Her visual structures and arresting style significantly influenced her great-niece, Virginia Woolf, who was also an advocate of archival affectivity as a means to bring attention to “obscure lives”, and whose flexible approach to history adds layers to Cameron’s literary afterlife. In recent years, Cameron’s works have been evoked in neo-Victorian fiction as visual traces that open the text to new interpretations. Representations of Cameron’s photographs deconstruct the dynamics of nineteenth-century visual culture and bring “obscure lives” into the light, conduct structural and temporal experimentations in fiction through sequences of visual experiences, and present the overwhelming power of light as access to the intangible amidst a collage of fragmented materials and meanings. Cameron’s Victorian photographs and albums are radical archival art forms, and demonstrate the exponential archival creativity of the photographic trace to blur accepted borders between reality and fiction, and between the Victorian imagination and the multiple perspectives of the present.
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Kassa, Jean-Claude. "Réflexion sur la pensée marxiste et le droit : une étude portant sur la conception marxiste du droit en général et plus particulièrement sur le droit français du travail comme mode de constitution et de reproduction des rapports capitalistes." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA1012.
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Zhou, Fan. "Growth mechanism of porous anodic films on aluminium." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/growth-mechanism-of-porous-anodic-films-on-aluminium(4e5601b4-9a30-4438-bb19-c93c71e75ec7).html.
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Fundamental research on the growth of porous anodic alumina (PAA) films has been undertaken for many years because of the complexity of the processes involved and the wide range of commercial applications. In this study, a tungsten tracer approach has been used to determine the influences of current density and electrolyte temperature on the incorporation of the tracer and its distribution and consequently, the growth mechanisms of PAA films. The efficiencies of growth of PAA films, formed during anodizing at 5 mA cm-2 in the three major forming acids at 25°C, are ~60%, due to loss of outwardly migrating Al3+ ions at the film/electrolyte interface. Thus, only the inwardly migrating O2- ions contribute to formation of the anodic oxide at the film/metal interface. The pores are developed due to flow of alumina from beneath the pore base regions toward the cell walls, which is indicated by distortion of the incorporated Al-W alloy layers and retention of the tungsten species within the anodic films. PAA films formed at a low range of current densities (<2 mA cm-2) develop by a field-assisted dissolution mode, with significant losses of aluminium and tungsten species to the electrolyte, and low expansion factors of less than 1.2. Conversely, films formed at current densities ≥2 mA cm-2 grow by a flow mechanism: flow of film material transports the alumina oxide, including the incorporated tungsten tracers, from the barrier layer regions to the cell walls, resulting in relatively thicker films at higher current densities and retention of the tungsten within the films. The tungsten remains mainly within the inner cell region of the films, with a tungsten-free region present next to the pore wall. The efficiency of film growth increases from ~0.29 to ~0.73 with increase of current density from 0.5 to 30 mA cm-2, and from ~0.26 to ~0.88 with increasing current density between 0.5 and 50 mA cm-2 for anodizing in sulphuric and oxalic acids respectively.Comparatively, for PAA films formed at 15 mA cm-2 in oxalic acid, reduction of electrolyte temperature from 20 to 1°C gives rise to a slight increase of the anodizing efficiency from ~0.67 to ~0.74; the film expansion factor also increases from ~1.32 to ~1.43. The previous arises from reduced field-assisted ejection of Al3+ ions at the decreased electrolyte temperature.Anodizing of the aluminium substrates in phosphoric acid or neutral phosphate solution generates barrier anodic alumina films and the barrier layers of porous films respectively, which comprise phosphorus-containing outer regions and a phosphorus-free inner regions. The phosphorus-containing outer region accounts for ~0.67 of the barrier films and the ~0.80 of the barrier layer of the porous films. Further, the distributions of phosphorus species are not significantly affected by the incorporation of the tungsten tracer nanolayer into the films; the influence of the phosphorus species on the outward migration of the tungsten species is also negligible.This tungsten tracer study suggests a significant influence of the flow of alumina oxide, under the high electric field, on the formation of PAA films at current densities ≥2 mA cm-2.
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Waller, Rhian. "Fantastical journeys : an investigation of magical realist travel fiction, including 'Eithe's Way', a magical realist novel, and 'Fantastical Journeys: a fusion form', a critical thesis." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fantastical-journeys--an-investigation-of-magical-realist-travel-fiction-including-eithes-way-a-magical-realist-novel-and-fantastical-journeys-a-fusion-form-a-critical-thesis(4c837fb7-f2e7-4d4c-97b6-8463a5b3e4c9).html.
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Magical realism is a mode of literature that does not fit easily in anyone genre. In contrast, travel fiction has existed for so long that it has evolved into a straggling, cross-genre narrative form. Nevertheless, when coupled together, magical realist and travel fiction narratives share in common a number of features that allow the resulting text to traverse, create and challenge notions of space, territory and borders. I theorise that a number of key authors have already harnessed these features to criticise and deconstruct dominant hegemonic ideologies, including those of class, gender inequality and racial constructs. This thesis is an examination and discussion of how the two forms intertwine and complement each other, and how the features and characteristics encountered in one fonn augment and inform the other. I also posit clear examples of the phenomenon of intermingling in established texts. This thesis includes an in-depth discussion of key magical realist travel texts and the production of a new novel. The critical essay stretches to 27,000 words. The novel, a 71,000 word work, is written with these concerns as a central feature. It incorporates travel fiction and magical realist gemes in an attempt to update and re-deploy the form in a contemporary setting. The process of creating both texts necessitated a great deal of background reading from plimary and critical sources. My analysis of source texts and critical texts led to the conclusion that my initial theory was correct. Select examples of travel and magical realist literature employ narrative features to reinforce challenges to the established status-quo. However, the thesis further argues the two forms are interrelated in other ways, containing contradictory elements, a preoccupation with place and identity and the deconstruction and re-creation of myth. These features are also examined and discussed. Analytical reading and the writing of a related novel indicate that the use of magical realism and travel fiction results in a dynamic and effective challenge to the construction of oppressive societal norms.
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Iwanow, Tomasz. "Essays on institutions and international trade." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-institutions-and-international-trade(2c25e914-f996-477f-aa9c-5fb746ee4672).html.
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The Thesis analyses the impact that humanly devised institutions, defined as “formal and informal constraints on political, economic, and social interactions”, have on international trade and the patterns comparative advantage. The key assumption of the Thesis is that although institutions impact on the whole economy they may influence some sectors more than others. Industry‘s dependence on institutions is a technological feature of production. Hence, for example, industries that require a large number of intermediate inputs for production will be more dependent on the quality of contract enforcement regulation for their growth. The Thesis analyses 4 different sub-components of institutional quality: contract enforcement, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions. The Thesis’ hypotheses regarding each of these sub-components are as follows: 1. Countries with more efficient contract enforcement regulations will specialize (have a comparative advantage) in more complex sectors that depend on contracts with suppliers/producers for their growth.2. Countries with more secure property rights will specialize in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets for production.3. Countries with higher financial development will have a comparative advantage in sectors that are more dependent on external finance for their growth.4. Countries with more flexible labour markets will specialize in more volatile industries. In order to test these assumptions we construct three econometric models (Chapters 4-6). In Chapter 4 we assess how contract enforcement regulations, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions impact on trade volumes using a well-known gravity model. In Chapter 5 we test whether these sub-components have an impact on growth of value-added at industry level. Finally, in chapter 6 the impact on firms’ productivity is tested. The results show that contract enforcement regulations and financial development affect countries’ comparative advantage by affecting countries trade flows, value-added and productivity in a way consistent with the hypothesis. The results regarding the other two institutional sub-components are mixed but we do find some evidence the countries with more secure property rights export more and have higher value-added growth in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets. These results are robust to different specifications. Using a novel set of instrumental variables we show that causality runs from institutions to trade, value-added and productivity rather than the reverse. We supplement the empirical evidence with a case-study of Lesotho’s textiles and garment industry and also find some evidence that this export-oriented industry emerged in Lesotho at least partly due to this country’s good institutions that are better than its African competitors. From a policy perspective our results imply that institutional and regulatory reform - especially in enforcement of contracts and financial sector regulations - may enhance the capacity of poor countries to move up to specialization into higher-valued products and to reap benefits from international integration.
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Zamboglou, Demetrios. "Heterogeneity and skill in the retail EUR/USD FX market : investigating the impact of uncertainty and behavioural biases of trader skills." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/heterogeneity-and-skill-in-the-retail-eurusd-fx-market(494db65c-033f-4685-ae09-a803c3c13ea7).html.
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One of the issues that has been debated in the literature is market heterogeneity. Traditional financial models adopt a popular assumption that markets are efficient and that participants act rationally such that their actions are homogeneous. Nevertheless, behavioural finance literature provides significant evidence of behavioural patterns and biases which render the assumption of homogeneity too simplistic and idealistic. Heterogeneity in financial markets can be defined as significant diversity in expectations of asset prices. I examine two aspects of heterogeneity in this thesis: trader’s performance and trader’s expectations. I also investigate whether traders possess genuine trading skills and how market volatility as well as a trader’s personal behavioural biases affect their skills. Using a dataset of more than twenty-one thousand retail FX traders on the EUR/USD market I find significant evidence of heterogeneity in performance and expectations, which persists throughout their trading career. I show that while around 68% of traders have the ability to correctly predict future price changes more than half of the time, only around 22.8% have the ability to generate overall positive returns. In addition, around 27% of traders have the ability to favourably adjust their position size based on the magnitude of the change in market prices. Moreover, I find that volatility has a detrimental impact on performance. Nevertheless, as this uncertainty becomes seasoned, individuals learn to understand it and adjust for it in their trading decisions. Finally, I find that skilled traders are herd initiators such that they are closely watched and copied by others. I also show that skilled traders exhibit the disposition effect, whereby they are more likely to realise small gains and hold on to large losses. In addition, skilled traders are also sensation seekers, indicating that they tend to use leverage to exploit price change; however, they tend to avoid extreme levels of leverage which can be detrimental to the performance and reputation. Skilled traders are more likely to be inconsistent in the amount of leverage and margin they use, which is explained by their ability to adjust their leverage ratio depending on the state of the market and their confidence in their trading decision. This thesis contributes to the literature on the micro dynamics of retail FX markets. My findings highlight that importance of understanding trader behaviour which provides insight into the decision-making process of individual traders and how these decisions are affected by endogenous behavioural factors as well as external market factors.
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Issa, Ragiab. "Experimental and mathematical modelling of metal ion-humic acid-silicate minerals interactions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-mathematical-modelling-of-metal-ionhumic-acidsilicate-minerals-interactions(9d8c4096-d93a-4483-9790-4b65c6c2761e).html.
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A series of experiments were performed to study the sorption of humic acid and Eu3+ ion (at trace concentrations) on the minerals: montmorillonite, bentonite, diatomite and kaolinite in ternary systems. Humic acid and europium sorption were investigated as a function of humic acid concentration, ionic strength and pH. There was a strong uptake of humic acid on to the minerals with sorption increasing as humic acid concentration decreases. For montmorillonite, the uptake of discrete size fractions was also studied. It was found that the larger fractions were more strongly sorbing and were better able to retain Eu in solution.The ionic strength has an impact on Eu behaviour: in the absence of humic acid, sorption strength decreases, whilst in the presence of high concentrations of humic it increases. The sorption of Eu3+ increases from pH 2 to 5 in both the presence and absence of humic acid. Above pH 5, the Eu3+ showed different behaviour with and without humic acid, and as humic concentration became high (100 ppm), the Eu behaves in the same way as the humic. Bentonite is able to sorb humic acid and Eu3+ at any concentration expected in the environment, and shows the strongest sorption of any of the materials tested. Experiments confirmed that Eu is an excellent analogue for Am in these systems.The sorption of selected divalent and trivalent metal ions: Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Eu3+ and Cr3+ on montmorillonite has been investigated in the micro-molar concentration range. In all cases, sorption strength increased with pH, and was consistently stronger for the tri-valent ions. In the presence of humic acid, there was some evidence for the enhancement of sorption. Uptake of metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Eu3+ and La3+) by natural and modified kaolinite was studied, and for all except Cr3+, it was found that kaolinite modified by manganese hydrothermal treatment gave the strongest sorption.A simple kinetic model was developed to simulate the experimental data for the sorption of humic acid and Eu3+ on the minerals. The model allows two humic binding sites on the mineral surface and two types of humic in solution, which can have different Eu3+ binding strengths. Metal ion surface complexation is modelled with a single kinetic equation. Ternary complexes are included in the model. The interaction of humic acid on the minerals can be fitted reasonably well. However, for the Eu3+ ion behaviour, although the model was able to give a reasonable fit to data for montmorillonite and bentonite, it could not reproduce the behaviour for kaolinite and diatomite.
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Calverley, Dan. "Cumulative emissions reduction in the UK passenger car sector through near-term interventions in technology and use." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cumulative-emissions-reduction-in-the-uk-passenger-car-sector-through-nearterm-interventions-in-technology-and-use(686e7c51-432b-4a0b-83f1-a1b127e1e5c3).html.
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Responsible for one in eight tonnes of national CO₂ emissions, the passenger car sector is pivotal to delivering on UK climate change commitments to avoiding warming of more than 2°C. This thesis provides a clear and quantitative framing of emissions reduction at the sectoral level, by disaggregating global cumulative emissions budgets and pathways associated with a range of probabilities of exceeding 2°C. The relatively low level of abatement currently planned for the UK car sector, it is argued, needs to be significantly increased for the following reasons: (i) a scientific basis in cumulative emissions for sectoral mitigation makes carbon budgets, rather than end point targets (e.g. 2050), of the first importance; (ii) the currently high probability (63%) of exceeding 2°C underpinning the current UK carbon budgets is inconsistent with the UK government’s commitment to avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’; (iii) short-term emissions growth in industrialising countries considerably reduces remaining emissions space for industrialised countries; (iv) very limited scope exists for any large sector to cut emissions by less than the national mean rate of decarbonisation at higher rates of mitigation (around 10% p.a. by the 2020s). The consequences for emissions space in other sectors if international aviation and shipping mitigate less than the mean are quantified. For UK car sector emissions to remain consistent with a low probability of exceeding 2°C while observing these limitations, this analysis finds that planned sectoral mitigation over the coming decade needs to be increased fourfold. Means to address this expected abatement shortfall using readily available technology are investigated using a fleet emissions model to compare the effect on cumulative emissions of changes in a range of fleet parameters (including mean new car bulk emissions factors, vehicle age-proportionate annual distance travelled, and rates of fleet growth and turnover). Pushing existing car technology to the limit of expected short term efficiency gains is found to be insufficient to deliver a pathway with better than 56% probability of exceeding 2°C. Without reduction in aggregate demand for vehicle kilometres in the short term, lower probabilities of 2°C are placed beyond reach. The possibility of rapid step changes in levels of per capita car use is explored in qualitative interviews using narrative storyline scenarios. A range of coercive and voluntary interventions is considered in relation to their potential to overcome the structural and behavioural constraints to rapid transformation of personal travel.
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White, Julie. "An exploration of an alternative curriculum : 'trade skills'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-exploration-of-an-alternative-curriculum-trade-skills(b882e4dc-ed95-457f-8f50-6ec4d71c3589).html.
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Despite the curricula developments over recent years, for some young people accessing the national curriculum is a real challenge. In response to the increasing levels of exclusion and social exclusion rates, Local Authorities have had to be creative to ensure that they can meet the needs of all children. Alternative curricula at key stage 3 and 4 have been implemented to help young people who may be disaffected from school to re-engage with learning. Although there is evidence that a number of alternative provisions are offered to young people across the country, there appears to be a dearth of research with regards to how these specific alternative provisions impact upon the lives of the young people themselves. Pupils' perspectives are clearly a very significant element in seeking to understand and evaluate educational process. In spite of this, research into the way pupils view individual alternative provisions has been limited. Also limited, is research undertaken with young people who may be seen as 'vulnerable' and 'hard to reach'.Within one local Authority within the North West, 'Trade Skills' offers one such alternative curriculum to pupils. It was developed in response to a growing need for a relevant, skills based curriculum for young people who were not able to engage with formal curricula. It offers 13-16 year old students a trade based vocational curriculum with the aim of providing the attendees with the skills and knowledge to gain a trade based career. This current study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to help provide an insight into 'Trade Skills' as an alternative curriculum. The findings suggested that 'Trade Skills' was able to meet the ECM outcomes effectively and able to offer young people with an alternative and an appropriate curriculum in relation to being able to develop their individual needs and in providing them with alternatives to more formal means of education. This study demonstrated an effective means of working with young people viewed as 'hard to reach' and 'vulnerable'. The ethnographic style in which this study was conducted is well placed within the work undertaken by educational psychologists and is a helpful means of gaining rapport and trust with a group of young people who find trusting professionals challenging.
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Akcali, Gur Berna. "Limits on state autonomy in regulating services trade : regional and international trade liberalization commitments and public morals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/limits-on-state-autonomy-in-regulating-services-trade(49153f2c-a32e-4594-bfe3-268ce5f30a8f).html.
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This thesis explores the scope of the autonomy of the states in regulating services trade in areas that concern their public morals and analyses whether the indeterminacy of the public morals exceptions in supranational trade regimes reveals fundamental flaws in the design of those regimes as they apply to trade in services with reference to their experiences with cross-border provision of online gambling services. This interplay and tension between the scope of autonomous areas of the states and organizations since World War II has received considerable scholarly attention. Most of the academic discourse consists of supporting claims for and critical analysis of the constitutionalisation of the supranational legal order and the goals of supranational constitutionalism which typically aim for universality of rules and coherence. The persistent diversity of public morals at the national level is among those national circumstances often perceived as a threat to the constitutionalisation project and thought of as discrediting the achievability of the constitutionalist ideal. On the other hand, proponents of legal pluralism often emphasize the importance of preserving public morals. This thesis finds that, in both the WTO and EU context even if national laws regarding public morals are incoherently pluralistic, it may be possible for supranational regimes to bridge the structural divide between international laws and national laws effectively by developing doctrinal rules and practices that enable them. The analysis based of the online gambling example shows that both organizations have been able to accommodate these divergences without undermining their treaty objectives, mostly owing to their effective judicial review mechanisms which are complemented by, more in the case of EU, other conflict resolution mechanisms be including dialogue and negotiation. Within this framework, this credits constitutional pluralism perspective appears as the appropriate choice both for descriptive and normative purposes.
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Hamilton, Adam Stuart. "The role of microzooplankton grazing in trace element biogeochemistry." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-microzooplankton-grazing-in-trace-element-biogeochemistry(d264b6dc-b0fc-4e05-a60f-c3592fdb74d6).html.
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Microzooplankton consume a significant fraction of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton production, remineralising macronutrients and providing a major trophic link to larger protozoan and metazoan consumers. Trace elements are essential for the growth of phytoplankton and bacteria and play a pivotal role in regulating primary productivity and microbial diversity in many areas of the ocean. To quantify the role of microzooplankton grazing in trace element biogeochemistry, we modified the dilution method to provide the first ever simultaneous measurements of microzooplankton grazing impacts on bacterioplankton and phytoplankton, and size fractionated biogenic particulate trace elements. In the Arctic Ocean we found microzooplankton obtained the majority of their nutrition (0.48 – 1.68 μg C L⁻¹ d⁻¹) from nanophytoplankton, on which they exerted a strong top down control (15 – 122% standing stock ingested). We subsequently applied our method in the North Atlantic Ocean. Microzooplankton grazing consumed a significant proportion of bacteria (97 – 165%) and particulate trace element standing stocks (0.4 fM d⁻¹ – 5 pM d⁻¹), thus playing a significant role in the flow of carbon and trace elements. Our results suggest the rate and quantity at which microzooplankton grazing mediates trace element biogeochemistry depends strongly on the structure and function of microbial assemblages. Iron enrichment assays supported the hypothesis that the high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally iron limited. Importantly, microzooplankton grazing had a significant effect in cropping expected iron stimulated biomass. Serendipitously we conducted assays in an area of ocean influenced by volcanic ash deposition from Eyjafjallajökull’s eruption. Our data are the first to quantify microzooplankton grazing in such an environment and revealed deposition of volcanic ash had significant short term local effects upon microbial ecology and carbon cycling. Results were analogous to iron enrichment assays and comparable to data from mesoscale iron enrichment experiments. Assays in a coastal environment showed microzooplankton played an important role in the control of bacterioplankton and cycling of carbon through the microbial food web. At all locations, ingestion rates of biogenic particulate trace elements suggest microzooplankton grazing has the potential to reduce the pressure of trace element deplete conditions at the microbial level by increasing residence times in the upper ocean through remineralisation. Our results provide important new parameterizations of trace element cycling that until now had been hypothesised but not observed. These data will allow us to better constrain biogeochemical models and those predicting the Ocean’s response to climate change and geoengineering. Likewise, the temporal and spatial nature of our data may allow the elucidation of inherent interannual and annual variability to enduring change at our study locations.
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Thompson, Robert Perry. "English music manuscripts and the fine paper trade, 1648-1688." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/english-music-manuscripts-and-the-fine-paper-trade-16481688(22bef11c-e33c-4c08-90f5-dd118b77fa1c).html.
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Smale, Robert George. "Trade union identities and the role of niche unionism : exploring contemporary United Kingdom trade unions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trade-union-identities-and-the-role-of-niche-unionism(1f450289-63f8-45ad-9467-70c0b539611b).html.
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This thesis explores three closely related questions in order to further the understanding of contemporary United Kingdom trade unionism and make an original contribution to knowledge. The first relates to understanding the distinct identities which trade unions project in the public domain. The second relates to those trade unions that display what will be called a niche union identity in order to organise a sector of the labour market, and which are therefore axiomatically not general in character. The third relates to what will be called niche unionism, which is a broader concept incorporating those unions that seek to organise niches through sectionalised structures. The work both acknowledges extant literature and advances knowledge in the field of industrial relations, and draws upon contributions from other disciplines where these inform the intellectual discussion. It is argued that existing theoretical approaches are inadequate for understanding the identities projected by contemporary UK Certified trade unions, and that the concept of niche in relation to trade unions has received minimal consideration in industrial relations literature. Therefore it is argued that a new conceptual framework is required. The methodological approach adopted was empirical pragmatism, with data being collected using mixed methods. The work was limited to certified unions operating within the United Kingdom and to data collected between October 2008 and August 2015. The work makes an original contribution to knowledge by introducing a multidimensional framework for the analysis of trade union identities based upon a limited number of ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ sources that determine the territories within which unions organise, together with certain ‘additional’ sources. This framework then facilitates the recognition of both niche union identity and the practice of niche unionism.
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Abdulla, Yomna. "Debt maturity and trade credit in public and private firms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/debt-maturity-and-trade-credit-in-public-and-private-firms(fa6faa5a-7b40-4e29-9220-6191fc388b63).html.
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This thesis examines debt maturity and trade credit in public and private firms. It consists of three essays that try to answer the following questions: Does the IPO decision affect the debt maturity structure of a firm? Do private firms use more or less trade credit than public firms? Does the supplier's listing status affect its trade credit provision? The first essay investigates the effect of an initial public offering (IPO) on the evolution of debt maturity structure using a sample of U.S. firms that went public during the period 1998-2011. I find that firms decrease their short-term debt by 19% in the first two years after the IPO and decrease it post-IPO, by about 7% relative to the pre-IPO level. These results continue to hold in a sample of new debt issues, in a difference-in-difference regression of IPO and non-IPO firms, in a treatment regression to account for endogeneity of the IPO decision, and in an instrumental variable regression to control for the joint determination of leverage and debt maturity. Further results show that the decline in short-term debt post-IPO is consistent with the asymmetric information and agency costs of equity theories and inconsistent with the agency costs of debt theory. I also find that the IPO effect on debt maturity was magnified during the recent financial crisis. The second essay explores the use of trade credit by public and private firms using a sample of U.S. firms during the period 1995-2012. Evidence shows that private firms use more trade credit by about 40.4% than public firms. This result is robust to models accounting for sample selection and for the endogeneity associated with a firm's decision to go public. In line with the asymmetric information and credit constraints theories, private firms that are young, have more growth opportunities, and fewer tangible assets rely more on trade credit than their public counterparts. Compared to private firms, public firms are faster in adjusting toward their target trade credit due to their lower adjustment costs. I also find that during the recent financial crisis, public firms increased their reliance on trade credit, while, suppliers granted private firms less trade credit. The third essay examines the supply side of trade credit; more specifically, the impact of a supplier's listing status on its trade credit provision using a sample of U.S. firms during the period 1994-2012. The findings show that public firms provide nearly a quarter more trade credit than their private counterparts. I propose that this is because public firms have higher financial capability, better ability in handling the trade credit process, and in enforcing payments and contract terms, than private firms. I rule out that the endogeneity of the listing decision and the observable differences between public and private firms have driven my earlier results. Additional tests show that firm characteristics, industries types, and level of competition, have a significant impact on the level of trade credit provided by public and private firms. The results also indicate that both types of firms provided less trade credit during the recent financial crisis.
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Arikan, Ozgur. "The expansion of trade mark protection under Article 5 (1) (a) of the European Trade Mark Directive and its impact on parallel importation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-expansion-of-trade-mark-protection-under-article-5-1-a-of-the-european-trade-mark-directive-and-its-impact-on-parallel-importation(c3f642ff-2677-4718-bef9-43332a1ba107).html.
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Today, a trade mark may signify not only the commercial origin or the quality features of the products bearing it but also a brand image that consumers might wish to be associated with. Some trade mark owners have been investing in the creation and development of a brand image through advertising and other marketing techniques in order to attract consumers to their trademarked products. In order to safeguard the investment by trade mark proprietors, the protection given to trade marks under Article 5 (1) (a) of the Trade Mark Directive (TMD), which used to protect merely the origin and quality guarantee functions under the essential function theory, has been expanded to cover the communication, investment or advertising functions (so-called “modern” functions) through the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This expansion was not met with universal approval and resulted in an ongoing debate that had a direct impact on number of areas within the European trade mark law. On the other hand, there is a long-recognized conflict between the exercise of the exclusive rights associated with trade marks and one of the main principles of the European Union (EU), namely the free movements of goods principle. This principle, which aimed to integrate the economies of member states, requires that traders should be free to move their goods within the European Economic Area (EEA), without any “artificial” obstacles such as the territorial nature of trade marks and their associated exclusive right. The case law of the CJEU resolved this conflict through recognizing the principle of European exhaustion which later was implemented by Article 7 (1) of the TMD. According to this principle, the rights of trademark holders are exhausted in relation to goods which have been put on the market under the trade mark within the EEA by the owners or with their consent. However, there is an exception to this general provision. According to Article 7 (2) of the TMD, the rights of trade mark owners will not be exhausted if the owners have a legitimate reason for opposing the further commercialization of the goods in order to ensure that their trade mark can continue to perform its functions. This thesis examines the expansion of trade mark protection under Article 5 (1) (a) of the TMD and it is impact on the rights given to the trade mark owners under Article 7 (2) of the TMD to oppose the further commercialization of their branded products in the context of parallel importation.
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Sharif, Ahlam Ammar Abdellatif. "Sustainable architectural design between inscription and de-scription : the case of Masdar City." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sustainable-architectural-design-between-inscription-and-description-the-case-of-masdar-city(a7e35e00-6834-46aa-976c-607a82d51f36).html.
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The thesis aims to deconstruct the traditional dualities between design and use and blend the boundaries between them. It characterises design as a process that is complex, dynamic, and integral to other processes, such as use. The thesis utilises Latour's concept of the collective. Although this concept has been applied to architectural contexts in previous studies, this thesis expands the collective to include actors of use. The thesis elaborates on the inscription and description of technologies inspired by Akrich (1992). It shows how the collective is shaped and reshaped through such processes. Building parallels with previous studies, it analyses the importance of fluidity and fluid actors in de-scribing technologies and reshaping the collectives. The thesis utilises the case of Masdar City, which has been designed in the UK by the architectural and urban planning firm Foster + Partners and implemented in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates. The thesis focuses on its first developed stage represented by Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). Based on a qualitative and inductive approach, the conducted research utilises interviews and site observations with the designers, users, and other main contributors. Through this approach, the thesis reflects on the concept of sustainability that is itself contested, changeable, and vague. The thesis concludes that sustainable design processes should be seen as continuous loops between design and use. In acknowledging this, it is further suggested that concepts such as the living laboratory, which support the adaptation of designs and learning from use, are adopted at the outset in architectural production.
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Lampert, Arthur. "L’autonomie du travailleur." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020079.
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La « tertiarisation » de l’économie et le développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication contribuent à l’évolution des relations de travail. Plusieurs mécanismes créés par la pratique professionnelle et entérinés par la loi (conventions de forfait, télétravail, portage salarial) permettent d’établir un rapport de travail qui prend quelque distance avec le lien classique de subordination juridique, clef du salariat. Dans le même temps, est constaté un essor du travail indépendant auquel concourent des plateformes numériques. Paradoxalement, l’accroissement de l’autonomie du salarié s’accompagne d’une diminution de celle du travailleur indépendant. Le rapprochement entre ces deux modes d’organisation du travail impose de réduire la distance qui sépare les normes qui les gouvernent. Ainsi, la réduction de la sphère d’autorité de l’employeur doit aller de pair avec un allègement de ses obligations. Parallèlement, le bénéfice de certaines mesures à caractère protecteur jusqu’alors réservées aux salariés doit être étendu aux travailleurs indépendants compte tenu des évolutions que connaît leur situation. Le tout est porteur d’une évolution du droit des relations de travail qui pourrait finir par avoir l’allure d’une révolutionThe economy’s “tertiarisation” and the development of new information and communication technologies are part of the evolution of the working relationships. Several schemes issued by professional practice and endorsed by the law (fixed annual working time, home office, “umbrella companies”) make it possible to set up a new working relationship that differs from the traditional link of legal subordination, key of the “salariat”. At the same time, there is an expansion of self-employment for which digital platforms are competing. Paradoxically, the expansion of the employee’s autonomy comes with a decline of the autonomy of the self-employed. The convergence between these two schemes of working organization imposes to narrow the gap between the rules governing them. Thus, the decrease of the employer’s sphere of authority must be linked with a lightering of its obligations. At the same time, the benefit of certain protective measures which was reserved to employees should be extended to the self-employed since their situation has evolved. As a whole, it leads to an evolution of the labor relationships which could finally look like a revolution
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Garner, Ben James. "Trade, culture and the new politics of cultural development at UNESCO." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trade-culture-and-the-new-politics-of-cultural-development-at-unesco(f12e638b-a9d4-403b-bc2f-c3a17728e745).html.
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In the late 1990s an attempt got underway to develop a new paradigm for cultural development policy at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The fruit of these efforts was the adoption of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, which entered into force in 2007. This binding international treaty has been welcomed for restoring a degree of cultural policy sovereignty to states against some of the pressures of contemporary globalisation, and celebrated for burying some of the political differences between North and South that had pulled UNESCO apart in the 1970s and 1980s. As an instrument with widespread political support the Convention on cultural diversity has also marked something of a landmark event in the more general controversies over the nature of contemporary cultural change and the role of cultural policy in the era of neoliberal globalisation. This thesis is a response to these developments over the last decade, based on a series of studies looking at the processes that led to the formation of the Convention and examining some of the effects of the new framework as they are becoming apparent in the first years following its adoption and entry into force. It looks in particular at the precise points of consensus between North and South that have been found in the new framework of cultural development, examining some of its measures and the way they are coming to feature - or not - in the work of international development agencies, policymakers and cultural industry stakeholders. These observations are developed through two main case studies looking at contemporary attempts at cultural policy reform in China and the Caribbean. The thesis also attempts to offer an alternative perspective to the legal and international relations analyses that have surrounded the Convention and its political controversies so far by approaching them within the framework of social and cultural theory, engaging in particular with recent claims about the transformation of culture into a 'resource' for trade and development in the new global economy. I argue that the new framework tends to conflate cultural rights and recognition with the right of the state to protect and promote activities that it deems worthy of recognition on cultural grounds: this has offered a welcome development to those that have come to have a privileged role to play in the contemporary concern to promote enterprise, production and trade in the knowledge-based economy of content and intellectual property creation, but it has also tended to weaken the position of others whose claims to cultural recognition are inseparable from demands which have little or no protagonism in this framework.
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Camcaho-Ibar, Victor Froylan. "Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in Liverpool Bay sediments." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trace-elements-and-polychlorinated-biphenyl-pcb-congeners-in-liverpool-bay-sediments(bdc85562-9752-41cd-9fbe-b6ad43082b75).html.
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Some trace elements and various PCB congeners were determined in superficial sediments from Liverpool Bay. Some sediment parameters were also determined for a better understanding of the distribution of these contaminants. Lower amounts of fine particles were found in sediments from the southern area of the sampling grid where the hydrodynamic conditions inhibit the deposition and favour the resuspension of particles with small diameter. The distribution of muddy deposits was patchy throughout the bay although the mud deposits near the Burbo Bight seem to be a permanent feature. The concentrations of trace elements and carbon were determined in two grain size fractions. Carbon in the fine fraction increased in sediment samples with lower proportions of fine sediments probably as a result of an increase in the available surface area since these samples apparently had higher proportions of clays. This relationship was scattered suggesting that the inputs of carbon from different sources, i. e., waste disposal, riverine inputs and autochthonous production, overshadow any clear trends between carbon and grain size in sediments. This observation is consistent with the distribution of S13C values. The concentration of organic matter in coarse sediments seemed to be determined by the amount of surrounding fine particles, particularly in samples with fine fraction concentrations higher than 5%. The concentrations of all of the trace elements, except arsenic, in the coarse fraction were correlated with the organic matter content suggesting that the organic phase is an important carrier of metals in the coarse particles. In the fine fraction, however, there was a large variability in the correlations, suggesting different geochemical behaviour between trace elements. For example a contrasting behaviour was observed between mercury and arsenic since the former seemed to be associated with land derived organic matter with no correlations with the content of iron and manganese, whereas arsenic showed a strong correlation with these two elements reflecting its preference for hydrous oxides of iron and manganese. The geochemical behaviour of each particular trace element seems to play an important role in the observed distributions of the elements in Liverpool Bay sediments. PCBs were determined in total sediments. A high correlation between PCB concentrations and the fine fraction content was observed as a result of the preferential association of these contaminants in fine particles. The distribution of normalized PCB concentrations indicated that inputs from the Mersey may be an important source of PCBs. Different patterns were observed in the PCB congener composition of the samples which reflected the different sources and degree of alteration of the "original" pattern found at the source. The changes in the composition were related to the degree of chlorination and substitution pattern since these factors control the physicochemical properties of PCB congeners. The sediments were classified based on their elemental content and on their PCB contents by means of multivariate statistical methods. The sediments were classified in similar groups from their organic and inorganic contents, which suggested that the sources of organic and inorganic contaminants in Liverpool Bay are similar.
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Van, Der Velde Roel Martin. "French-South African arms trade relations as a community of practice, 1955-1979." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/frenchsouth-african-arms-trade-relations-as-a-community-of-practice-19551979(70b86f25-d726-4c67-ac6b-f8e9ddf74cf6).html.
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This study reconstructs the French-South African arms trade in French military helicopters between 1955 and 1979, which flourished in defiance of international reprobation of Apartheid. New evidence reveals the shaping influence to policy of inter-state social relations at operational levels, leading to extended trajectories beyond the accepted historical milestones of the 1963 and 1977 UN arms embargoes. By retracing an emerging commercial process of arms trade spanning two decades, the crystallization of elements of the French and South African defence communities is identified,constituting de facto trade policy despite their diplomatic divergence. French promotional brokering in the mid-1950s laid the unseen foundation for the professionalisation of military procurement between unlikely partners. French interdepartmental oversight increasingly problematized propositions for weapons for use in state repression against populations in Southern Africa. Under pressure to gain military autonomy the South African Defence Force procured French aircraft, ironically leading to licensed local aircraft production under French tutelage, and adoption of French technical expertise and defence organisation. The French unilateral arms embargo against Israel in 1967caused the French-South African relationship to mature. Following greater international and operational pressures that led to counter-revolutionary alliances in Southern Africa, alternative supply arrangements were created between French and South African defence communities, notably through trade of helicopters-in-parts. Rather than being overtaken by diplomatic withdrawal, by the mid-1970s the inter-community enterprise of arms trade was galvanized by operational-level actors, continued away from visible executive control. New primary evidence is presented to argue that the French presidential adoption of arms embargoes in 1970, 1975 and 1977 represented not a sea-change in arms trade policy, but the maturing of a parallel and covert military-industrial channel within the French ministerial constellation, directed at South Africa and the African continent. In sum, this thesis offers new historical evidence on an extended business life cycle in French-South African trade and its correlation to, and detachment from, national policies. Moreover, the importance of practice tracing of middle-level interactions in French arms trade and defence policy connects with new debates on French involvement in Cold War regional defence arrangements in and outside its traditional African sphere of influence.
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Mack, Stuart Anderson. "Experimental and computational study of the behaviour of free-cells in discharging silos." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-computational-study-of-the-behaviour-of-freecells-in-discharging-silos(1f0b6130-7c2c-4a96-ad56-54ff71af2e98).html.
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This study aims to deduce an appropriate shape and density for an electronic free-cell that could be placed into a silo so that position and other desired physical parameters could be recorded. To determine how density and shape affects the trajectory and displacement of free cells, the trajectory and displacement of cylindrical, cuboid and triangular prism free-cells of equivalent volume was investigated in a discharging quasi 3D silo slice. The free-cells were placed at twelve different starting positions spread evenly over one half of the 3D slice. Tests were conducted using a monosized batch of spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 5 mm. Tests were also conducted in a binary mixture consisting of particles of different sizes (5 mm/4 mm) and the same density (1.28 g/cm3) and a binary mixture consisting of particles of different size (6 mm/5 mm) and different densities (1.16 g/cm3/1.28 g/cm3).The rotation of the free cells was also briefly discussed.Computer simulations were conducted using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The simulation employed the spring-slider-dashpot contact model to represent the normal and tangential force components and the modified Euler integration scheme was applied to calculate the particle velocities and positions at each time step. One trial of each of the metal and plastic, cylindrical, cuboid and triangular prism free cells was compared with the average of three experimental trials. The trajectory and displacement of a representative particle positioned at the same starting position as the free cell was also obtained from DEM simulation and compared with the path and displacement of each of the free cells to determine which free cell followed the particle most closely and hence to determine a suitable free cell that would move with the rest of the grains. Spherical particles are idealised particles. Therefore tests were also conducted with a small number of polyhedral particles, to deduce their flow rate and the critical orifice width at which blockages were likely to form. Simulations were also conducted to test the feasibility of the DEM in modelling the behaviour of these polyhedral particles.Results indicate that for a free cell to move along the same trajectory and have the same displacement and velocity as an equivalent particle in the batch it should have a similar density to the majority of the other particles. A cylindrical free cell of similar density to the particles was found to follow the path of the representative particle more closely than the cuboid or triangular prism. Polyhedral particles were found to have a greater flow rate than spherical particles of equivalent volume.
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Xiao, Zhiyue. "Legal aspects of trade and economic relations between the EEC and China." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/legal-aspects-of-trade-and-economic-relations-between-the-eec-and-china(f246926a-e465-41c0-b7ac-4ea3d645019b).html.
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This thesis first examines the overall development of the EEC-China trade and economic relations. It then analyses the changing Chinese economy, the non-market economy theory, its application and implication in EEC-China bilateral trade relations. It is suggested that China is no longer a traditional NME after ten years of reform; its economy is in a transitional stage changing from an NME towards a mixed economy. The thesis then reviews the 1978 EEC-China trade agreement. It is found that this agreement provides a highly restrictive MFN treatment between the parties, because China is not a member of the GATT, and is classified as an NME. The thesis analyses the legal framework and problems under the 1978 agreement, and its nature and possible legal effect both in the Community legal system and in the Chinese legal system. It then goes on to look at the Community internal regulations which govern imports from China. The thesis also reviews the 1985 economic cooperation agreement between the EEC and China. It analyses the background and development of the agreement; the areas for cooperation and the investment clause. The cooperation agreement, it is submitted, is more an expression of political goodwill rather than a comprehensive economic cooperation framework such as the home convention. A particular area, namely, antidumping, is separately discussed. This is not only because China is one of the principal targets of the EEC antidumping proceedings, but also the EEC employs a special set of rules against imports from China, as well as other NIlE countries. Trade in textiles is also special interested. It consists of major European imports from China, and as such has a special legal regime. The analysis suggests that trade in textiles between the EEC and China has become more restrictive since 1979. Finally, both the impacts of a single market in 1992 and China's efforts to rejoin the GATF are discussed. It is suggested that the EC should continue to be committed to free trade in theory and more importantly in practice, and to remove existing restrictions on imports from China; whereas China should continue its economic reform and gradually open up its own market to the EC.
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Lockwood, Graeme Hugh. "The impact of Conservative legislation on trade union practices, procedures and behaviour." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-conservative-legislation-on-trade-union-practices-procedures-and-behaviour(285874f1-7772-468e-806a-9f52fde509b6).html.
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Pinchis-Paulsen, Mona. "Fair and equitable treatment in international trade and investment law, 1919-1956." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fair-and-equitable-treatment-in-international-trade-and-investment-law-1919--1956(1fd522e3-9a9c-4682-b12e-d164ba1e08f1).html.
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This thesis traces the development of the ‘fair and equitable treatment’ concept in international trade law, first, following its appearance after World War I as a principle for inter-State trade relations, and then, after World War II, its fertilization into international investment law and policy. The thesis is based on extensive research into archived primary materials from 1918 to 1961. It focuses on three ‘moments’ in time: i) the League of Nations’ reliance on equitable treatment to address indirect forms of trade protectionism in the 1930s; ii) the use of the equitable treatment concept in the negotiation of the international investment provisions for the Charter for the post-war International Trade Organization; and iii) the United States Government’s use of the fair and equitable treatment concept to protect US investments in its post-war Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (FCN) treaties. The thesis argues that certain roles of equitable treatment in the trade context were carried over into subsequent bilateral and multilateral trade treaty practice. These roles in turn influenced the creation of the post-war international investment commitments. The thesis advances five overall findings to clarify what those roles were, and explains how these roles contributed to the formation of the ‘hard’ fair and equitable treatment investment treaty commitment, as contained in the majority of contemporary international investment agreements. In addition, each chapter presents several findings applicable to the ‘moment’ researched, offering explanation as to how each ‘moment’ contributed to the development of fair and equitable treatment or equitable treatment at the time.
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Cowcher, David Paul. "The development of enhanced Raman scattering for the trace analysis of biomolecules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-enhanced-raman-scattering-for-the-trace-analysis-of-biomolecules(0cf1158e-ff5f-4841-a679-16cde8ba0d94).html.
Full textAbstract:
Raman spectroscopy is an established analytical technique for determining molecular structure, whose major drawback is lack of sensitivity. Enhanced Raman scattering techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), utilise nanoscale substrates to enhance the Raman signal through the interaction of surface charges with the incident electromagnetic radiation. Here, nanoparticle-based SERS was used to detect dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker for bacterial spores. Whilst this has been demonstrated previously, the use of a different nanoparticle aggregation mechanism and the inclusion of an internal standard has enabled a SERS detection method to be developed that is quantitative to almost an order of magnitude lower than previously reported. Moreover, for the first time, a nanoparticle-based SERS method was applied to the detection of viable Bacillus spores. Investigations were made into the possibility of SERS enhancement using deep UV laser excitation at 244 nm using a novel boron nitride surface material. This semiconductor has a band gap of comparable magnitude to the laser excitation wavelength and therefore had the potential to impart a SERS enhancement via a chemical enhancement mechanism. Whilst initial results looked promising using Rhodamine 6G as a test analyte, it was not possible to demonstrate reproducibly and no enhancement was observed on other analytes that were tested. TERS was shown to be able to discriminate between glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of protein molecules, based on the measurement of just a few molecules at a time. This was achieved even without control of the protein interaction with the TERS substrate. The vibrational peak positions in TERS experiments were shown to be highly dependent on the analyte’s orientation relative to the TERS tip, giving variable and complex spectral data. As such, the data processing and analysis methods had to be carefully considered in order to eliminate bias. Lastly, a novel SERS detector for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was built and tested. It was shown to be able to quantify purine bases from mixtures in tandem with, and in lower amounts than the conventionally used UV absorbance detection, even when the analyte peaks were co-eluting. This quantitative analysis is conducted on-line and in real-time, making it applicable to high throughput applications. Together the four research projects presented in this thesis make a significant contribution to the field of enhanced Raman scattering and promote its sensitivity and reproducibility as a quantitative analytical technique for the trace analysis of biomolecules.