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Kharyal, Priya. "Travel Literature: A perspective on the history of Indian travel accounts and recent developments in the genre." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 5 (2022): 032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.75.5.
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Travel writing is a literary genre that remain concerned with travelling accounts or records of a person. Such accounts enable one to know about different cities and countries and become familiar with varied cultures, behavioral patterns and their living conditions. Travel writings are being produced since time immemorial. India is a land of diverse cultures, languages, and food habits that remained a favourite destination among travel enthusiasts living both India and abroad. Many European, Chinese and Arab Travel writers like Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ibn-e-Battuta and Hiuen Tsang have written at length about their experiences of travelling to India. They all have written works on India, its culture and the people that are living there. Their accounts are not reliable from the information point of view because they are based on whatever these travellers have seen or witnessed around them. They do not provide an actual image of India but rather presented an unrealistic portrayal of India in their writings. They have not focused on the adversities and social evils that were prevalent at that time. Earlier, travel writings remain a product of colonial enterprise. That is why there is a need for India travel writers to discuss their opinions regarding the impression of India and the people at large. Through this paper, I will try to show the history of Indian travel writings and works that are being done under this genre until now. At the same time, I will also discuss about the recent changes that are happening in this genre.
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Mukherjee, Durba, and Sayan Chattopadhyay. "Passage through India: self-fashioning in Santha Rama Rau’s Indian travel narratives." Studies in Travel Writing 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2021.1946735.
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Fisher, Michael H. "From India to England and Back: Early Indian Travel Narratives for Indian Readers." Huntington Library Quarterly 70, no. 1 (March 2007): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hlq.2007.70.1.153.
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Dutta, Bivek, and Sajnani M. "Online Tourist Behaviour: An Evaluation of the Tourism Industry of India." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.19.2.
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A review of literature pertaining to online travel behaviour shows that most travel purchases in India are done online. In India, 68% of the population book flight tickets directly. India has an urban adult population of 240 million out of which 27% or 65 million go on holidays. India has 205 million internet users and 110 million Smartphone users. Online Travel bookings are expected to grow rapidly as India’s online travel penetration is expected to increase It is not only restricted to online product purchases. This paper is an attempt to discuss online tourist behaviour in the burgeoning Tourism Industry. The paper also looks into some key aspects such as the performance of the service sector, E-commerce and development of internet which are majorly responsible for developing customer expectation. It also throws light on online tourist behaviour and means of delivering a good experience to the tourists through an array of online services.
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Mahboob Ali, Muhammad, and Anita Medhekar. "Globalization, medical travel and healthcare management in Bangladesh." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.12.
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There is an increasing evidence of people from Bangladesh travelling to neighboring countries of Asia, such as India, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore for medical treatment due to poor quality of healthcare services, high cost, and non-availability of speciality medical treatment and facilities. Medical travel is a practise where patients travel to other countries for diagnostic, pathological and complex invasive surgeries due to various push factors in their home country which prevents them for getting affordable, accessible and accredited quality of medical treatment in a timely manner, due to high cost of surgery, uninsured, long waiting period, non-availability of treatment, lack of medical facilities and proper care, lack of trained doctors and nurses, ethical and regulatory reasons, corruption and inadequate public or private medical facilities. This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine why people are travelling from Bangladesh to India for medical treatment. Quantitative data were randomly collected from six divisional cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshai, Barisal and Khulna and two districts Comilla and Bogra. A total of 1282 participants, out of 1450 returned the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results concluded that the pull factors that motivated Bangladeshis to travel to India for medical treatment were: low cost of surgery, qualified experienced doctors, quality of nursing care, non-availability of treatment in Bangladesh, and state of the art medical facilities and treatment in India, which concurs with the literature
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Saraswati, Arvind Kumar, Asif Ali Syed, and Shamsher Singh. "Epistemology of Relationship Marketing Strategies." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2018070101.
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Relationship marketing strategies are designed to building customer loyalty by providing value to all the parties involved in the relational exchanges. The chosen field for this article was the online travel industry. The Indian online travel industry growing at a steady rate. However, the success of the online travel industry is not guaranteed despite of its significant growth potential in India. Rather, it is contingent upon understanding complex consumer shopping behavior. This article is aimed at exploring the epistemology of relationship marketing strategies, and to assess the extent to which these strategies would benefit online travel industry in retaining their customers. This article is exploratory in nature and is built upon the thorough review of past literature documented in earlier research papers, media articles, news items, and website information. The outcome of the article reveals various strategies that the players of online travel industry may employ to develop long term relationships with their customer.
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K. Vidhya and V. Selvam. "Service Quality, Perceptions and Satisfaction of Pilgrim Tourists’: A Literature Review." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.17293.
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Domestic tourists are the major contributors of Indian Tourism in today cultural destination. Travel and Tourists for cultural purpose essential elements of our inhabitant’s individuals from all the ages, religious, and profits group supervise their time and cause for enlightening tourism. Quality of human capital should not neglect the Culture. Education institutions are offering opportunities for continuing education in tourism management which increase job opportunities for the tourists. The measurement of tourist's perception and identifying the gap becomes more important for tourism business. Delight, Pleasure, thrill, packing of bags, credit cards, shopping and spending are some of the factors considered as a privileged of “Five Star” activities by a mainstream of the domestic tourists in India. This study has the vital factor that has a straight influence on the insight, Service quality facilities, satisfaction, and their experience of Pilgrims and the importance of motivation to the tourist in the cultural heritage of our country. Based on the above, this conceptual review paper addresses the Pilgrimage tourism perception, service quality in India.
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Zagyi, Nándor. "18–19. századi magyar India-utazók emlékezete." Modern Geográfia 17, no. 2 (April 2022): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/mg.2022.17.02.05.
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The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the 18th–19th century Hungarian or Hungary-related India travellers. In this context, relying upon the author’s subjective value judgement, individuals who visited India and South Asia, respectively, at any point during the period indicated in the title are systematized according to the strength of their work’s and oeuvre’s connection to the Indian subcontinent, as well as their social backgrounds, occupations, motives and goals, and not least the value of their contribution to travel and scientific literature and their significance in the history of science. In the case of India travellers in the strict sense, i.e. whose oeuvre is closely intertwined with India, the author devotes a separate analysis to the everyday and scientific aspects of their memory, their positions in memory space, the appearance of their memory in physical form, and the reasons behind the differences perceptible in these issues.
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Choi, Tina Young. "THE LATE-VICTORIAN HISTORIES OF INDIAN ART OBJECTS: POLITICS AND AESTHETICS IN JAIPUR'S ALBERT HALL MUSEUM." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150312000356.
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Recent guidebooks for the Westerner traveling to Northern India generally refer the prospective visitor to a common range of cities around Delhi – Agra, Jaipur, and Udaipur; within these, the Taj Mahal, Jaipur's Pink City and nearby Amber Fort, and Udaipur's glamorous lake palaces usually merit must-see status. Until its refurbishment a few years ago, the Albert Hall Museum, an elaborate structure with old-fashioned interiors and a location a kilometer south of Jaipur's city center, ranked as a second- or even third-tier tourist attraction; travel guides from recent years mention it with indifference, describing its collections as “dusty” and “fine, if carelessly exhibited” (Bindloss and Singh 170), or even suggesting that “a slow circular turn around the building in a car will suffice” (Frommers 520). Yet a century ago the Museum proudly occupied a primary place in British travel guides to India. It opened with ceremony and fanfare in 1887, and by 1898 almost three million Indian and over ten thousand European visitors had passed through its doors (Hendley, Report 9). A striking example of colonial architecture, constructed of white stone with numerous courtyards, covered walkways, and ornamented domes (Figure 1), it was regarded as perhaps the most noteworthy edifice within a noteworthy Indian city. Thomas Holbein Hendley, resident Surgeon-Major in Jaipur, chief curator for the 1883 Jaipur Exhibition, and the Albert Hall Museum's Secretary and tireless champion, recommended that travelers in Jaipur for a single day make two visits, both morning and evening, to the site, and that those with an additional day to spend in the city schedule a third visit. Murray's Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon concurred, describing it as “a beautiful museum – an Oriental South Kensington, suitably housed” (174), and just after the turn of the century, English journalist Sidney Low recalled that it was “the best museum, with one exception, in all India, a museum which, in the careful selection and the judicious arrangement of its contents, is a model of what such an institution ought to be” (114).
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Kumar Dey, Sandeep, Khurram Ajaz Khan, Zuzana Tučkova, and Abdul Bashiru Jibril. "Motivation among travel agents in India: The moderating role of employee’s expertise and marital status." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.37.
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This study contributes to the literature by offering insights over the relationship between job satisfaction and work stress with employees’ motivation among travel agencies in India. The paper aims to determine the impact of job satisfaction and work stress on employees’ motivation level with a specific focus on the moderating impact of employees’ expertise and marital status in the context of travel agencies in Southern India. A survey was conducted over employees of travel agencies in Southern India by adopting scales from the extant studies, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through Smart PLS. The outcome of the study reveals that job satisfaction has a strong significant effect on employees’ motivation, unlike work stress and employees’ expertise has a partial significant moderating effect on the relationship between work stress and motivation. The study stressed much about the combined effects of the mediators. The present study has tested the new composite scale to measure the overall motivational level, unlike the previous studies. The survey was conducted between November 2019 and December 2019 and entails 164 respondents, the majority of the subjects are millennials between 18 and 35 years, with 43.3% having master’s degree, all were found to be pre-qualified for the investigation.
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Boer, Nienke. "Exploring British India: South African prisoners of war as imperial travel writers, 1899–1902." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 54, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989417737594.
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During the second South African War (1899–1902), also known as the Anglo-Boer War, the British War Office supervised the transportation of approximately 24,000 South African prisoners of war to Bermuda, St. Helena, and British India. Examining previously unstudied memoirs published immediately following the war by war prisoners held in camps in India and Ceylon, I argue that these texts read not, as one would expect, as prison or war writing, but as travel literature. These authors do not see a conflict between enjoying the benefits of empire abroad while fighting an anti-imperial war at home. The descriptions of landscapes and events in these memoirs suggest a cultural imaginary built on travelling and cultural exchange, as opposed to the insular and nativist Afrikaner nationalism that would follow empire. This article thus contributes to a larger project of examining the precursors of postcolonial nationalism, as well as historical and imaginative links between imperial peripheries.
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Bachu, Anil Kumar, Kranthi Kumar Reddy, and Lelitha Vanajakshi. "BUS TRAVEL TIME PREDICTION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR HIGH VARIANCE CONDITIONS." Transport 36, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15220.
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Real-time bus travel time prediction has been an interesting problem since past decade, especially in India. Popular methods for travel time prediction include time series analysis, regression methods, Kalman filter method and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. Reported studies using these methods did not consider the high variance situations arising from the varying traffic and weather conditions, which is very common under heterogeneous and lane-less traffic conditions such as the one in India. The aim of the present study is to analyse the variance in bus travel time and predict the travel time accurately under such conditions. Literature shows that Support Vector Machines (SVM) technique is capable of performing well under such conditions and hence is used in this study. In the present study, nu-Support Vector Regression (SVR) using linear kernel function was selected. Two models were developed, namely spatial SVM and temporal SVM, to predict bus travel time. It was observed that in high mean and variance sections, temporal models are performing better than spatial. An algorithm to dynamically choose between the spatial and temporal SVM models, based on the current travel time, was also developed. The unique features of the present study are the traffic system under consideration having high variability and the variables used as input for prediction being obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS) units alone. The adopted scheme was implemented using data collected from GPS fitted public transport buses in Chennai (India). The performance of the proposed method was compared with available methods that were reported under similar traffic conditions and the results showed a clear improvement.
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Dhatrak, Swapnil P. "Dark Tourism Sites in India: A Review." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3328.
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The study of this paper aims to study the various sites of dark tourism in India. Tourism in India is important for the country’s economy and its sectors growing rapidly. Tourism means the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure while making use of the commercial provision. There are many forms of tourism based on the purpose of visit. in that paper; we discussed dark tourism development and sites in India. Dark tourism (black tourism, morbid tourism)has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy, planning a project on dark tourism documenting the increasing popularity of morbid landmarks around the world. The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark and heritage tourism .dark tourism is a sheer curiosity that pushes people to thread the road less traveled to search their answers, so travel by far has always been related to journey and to explore beautiful places. There are a lot of places in India. This research paper includes references to the promotion of dark tourism in India. The work includes references in the promotion of dark tourism in India, a destination that has largely failed to improve itself on Indian tourism market because this form of tourism promotions a destination .dark tourism attractions demonstrate demand but also consist of commemoration, historical references, narrative legacies, and populist heritage this tourism sites in some cases become one of few remaining elements of victims and tier testimonies. There is a lot of scope for developing dark tourism in India but taking some efforts and specific solutions to developed dark tourism in India. For this paper used secondary research methodology has been used for research for data collection, secondary data collected from the literature review also government agency data; online tourism news has been collected.
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Prasad, Bollini, and Kumar Molugaram. "Development of mode choice models of a trip maker for Hyderabad metropolitan city." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.6 (January 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.6.9014.
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The rapid development of urbanization, population growth and the rapid development of economy resulted in the rapid increase in the total number of motor vehicles in the modern cities of India. Consequently, the importance of forecasting of the travel demand model has been increased in the recent years. Forecasting of the travel demand model involves various stages of trip generation and distribution, mode choice and traffic assignment. Among these stages, the mode choice analysis is a prominent stage as it considers the travelers mode to reach their destination. Further, study of mode choice criteria has become a vital area of research as individual and household socio-demographics exert a strong influence on travel mode choice decisions. There is a huge literature on travel model choice modeling to predict the range of trade-offs of transportation of commuters considering travel time and travel cost. In such literature intercity mode choice behavior has gained significant attention by several authors. In this study an attempt has made in order to calculate the model share of the different modes between the circle to the circle, and it is found that the modal share of 2-wheeler is 70 %, bus is about 23 % and car is about 7% of the total trips.
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Mulholland, James. "Translocal Anglo-India and the Multilingual Reading Public." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, no. 2 (March 2020): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.2.272.
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This article proposes a new literary history of British Asia that examines its earliest communities and cultural institutions in translocal and regional registers. Combining translocalism and regionalism redefines Anglo‐Indian writing as constituted by multisited forces, only one of which is the reciprocal exchange between Britain and its colonies that has been the prevailing emphasis of literary criticism about empire. I focus on the eighteenth century's overlooked military men and lowlevel colonial administrators who wrote newspaper verse, travel poetry, and plays. I place their compositions in an institutional chronicle defined by the “cultural company‐state,” the British East India Company, which patronized and censored Anglo- India's multilingual reading publics. In the process of arguing for Anglo‐Indian literature as a local and regional creation, I consider the how the terms British and anglophone should function in literary studies of colonialism organized not by hybridity or creolization but by geographic relations of distinction. (JM)
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Kosykhin, Vitaly G., and Svetlana M. Malkina. "On the Influence of Translations of Religious and Philosophical Texts of Buddhism on the Literature and Art of Medieval China." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-4-601-608.
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The era of the Tang dynasty (618-907) was a period of great flourishing of all aspects of Chinese culture, when changes covered the most diverse spheres of philosophy, art and literature. The article examines the role played in this cultural transformation by translations from Sanskrit into Chinese of the religious and philosophical texts of Indian Buddhism. The specificity of the Chinese approach to the translation of Indian texts is demonstrated, when, at the initial stage, many works were translated in a rather free style due to the lack of precisely established correspondences between Sanskrit and Chinese philosophical terms. The authors identify two additional factors that influenced the nature of the translations. Firstly, this is the requirement of compliance with the norms of public, mainly Confucian, morality. Secondly, the adaptation of the Indian philosophical context to the Chinese cultural and worldview traditions, which led to the emergence of new schools of religious and philosophical thought that were not known in India itself, such as Tiantai, Jingtu or Chan, each of which in its own way influenced the art of the Medieval China. Special attention is paid to the activities of the legendary translator, Xuanzang, whose travel to India gave a huge impetus to the development of Chinese philosophy in subsequent centuries, as well as to the contribution to Chinese culture and art, which was made by the translation activities of the three great teachers of the Tang era Shubhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.
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Dao, Trang Thi Diem. "Applying local literature and arts to An Giang tourism: The experiences from some of the Asian countries." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. X3 (December 31, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1ix3.453.
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Literary Tourism (Literature Tourism / Literature Journey) concept is no stranger to travel organizations in the world. In Asia alone, forms of literary travel are often incorporated into tour programs such as visiting a writer’s homeland, visiting the place where the author was buried, visiting the places referred to in a work, dressing up as a character in a work, enjoying an extract from a work, shopping souvenirs related to a work, etc. In Asia, many countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, India, Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, etc all use cultural and literary strength to develop literary tourism. Learning from them, An Giang province can develop literary tourism according to such suggestions as guiding visitors to places related to literature (VinhTe canal, Ba Chua Xu temple, Tan Chau market, and so on), guiding visitors to do the shopping and to enjoy foods based on details in literary works, performing literary theatre, etc.
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Amstutz, Andrew. "A New Shahrazad." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8524292.
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Abstract In 1945, Mahmooda Rizvia, a prominent Urdu author from Sindh, published a travel account of her journey across the Arabian Sea from British India to Iraq during World War II. In her travel account, Rizvia conceptualized the declining British Empire as a dynamic space for Muslim renewal that connected India to the Middle East. Moreover, she fashioned a singular autobiographical persona as an Urdu literary pioneer and woman traveler in the Muslim lands of the British Empire. In her writings, Rizvia focused on her distinctive observations of the ocean, the history of the Ottoman Empire, and her home province of Sindh's location as a historical nexus between South Asia and the Middle East. In contrast to the expectations of modesty and de-emphasis on the self in many Muslim women's autobiographical narratives in the colonial era, Rizvia fashioned a pious, yet unapologetically self-promotional, autobiographical persona. In conversation with recent scholarship on Muslim cosmopolitanism, women's autobiographical writing, and travel literature, this article points to the development of an influential project of Muslim cosmopolitanism in late colonial Sindh that blurred the lines between British imperialism, pan-Islamic ambitions, and nationalism during the closing days of World War II.
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Bhattacharya, Rima. "Establishing presence through absence: Dom Moraes’s ambivalence towards India." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 55, no. 2 (January 23, 2018): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989417744825.
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As a poet, journalist, autobiographer, and travel writer, Dom Moraes was a prolific presence in the Anglophone literary world throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Though born in Bombay, Moraes had moved to England at a young age and his very first book of poetry, A Beginning, had earned him fame in the emergent post-Second World War British cultural scene of the late 1950s and early 1960s, winning him the Hawthornden Prize at the age of 19. He was equally popular when he came back to India during the 1980s, and regular volumes of his poetry and prose were published by the newly established Penguin Books India until his death in 2004. Surprisingly, in spite of being such a well-known and well-published author, Moraes’s work in general, and his poetry in particular, have strangely fallen out of critical focus. My article explores this contradictory situation of an apparently famous poet being persistently ignored by critics and anthologists. It attempts to show how this unusual situation can be traced back to a sense of bafflement that most critics and anthologists share when it comes to categorizing Moraes so as to initiate a discussion on him. It also attempts to depict how this sense of puzzlement in categorizing Moraes is connected to Moraes’s own ambivalent attitude towards India, his country of birth, which frequently vacillates between a strong sense of aversion and a feeling of deep empathy. In conclusion, the paper tries to probe how Moraes grapples with his complex sense of affiliation to and distance from India by representing his creative self and its cultural location in the form of a variety of absences — a process which makes him difficult to categorize and as a consequence challenging to discuss.
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Nepal, Mani, Rajesh Rai, Saudamini Das, Laxmi Bhatta, Rajan Kotru, Madan Khadayat, Ranbeer Rawal, and G. Negi. "Valuing Cultural Services of the Kailash Sacred Landscape for Sustainable Management." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103638.
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Hindu Kush Himalaya is home to many cultural and religious sites. The literature on the valuation of cultural sites in the mountain terrains is thin. Hence, their development and sustainability are often ignored. Using primary survey data from three different sites in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of India and Nepal, the cultural value of religious sites to the visitors and households living in the surrounding areas was estimated using a modified travel cost method. As visitors travel by foot and offer donations at the religious sites, the estimations account for these aspects in travel cost calculations. For the sample sites, the per year average use value of cultural services was estimated to be USD 2.9 million. Excluding the use value to the outside visitors, the annual estimated use value of cultural services to the approximately 200,000 households of the entire KSL area, which covers 31,252 km2, is over USD 22.6 million, which is over 7% and 15% of the per capita income of Indian and Nepali households, respectively, indicating the importance of the natural-cultural environments in rural livelihoods. The estimated values will help planners manage these cultural sites sustainably for improving the livelihoods of the people living in the area.
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Sarmah, Bijoylaxmi, Zillur Rahman, and Shampy Kamboj. "Customer co-creation and adoption intention towards newly developed services: an empirical study." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2016-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to empirically examine and explain the antecedent factors of consumers’ adoption intention toward co-creatively developed new travel services using smart phone apps. The antecedents include consumer innovativeness, trust, degree of co-creation that results in positive adoption intention. In this study, tourists’ degree of co-creation acts as a mediator between trust and adoption intention. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through online surveys from tourists that resulted into a total of 152 valid responses. An analysis of data was done by applying the confirmatory factor analysis along with structural equation modeling. Findings The findings of this study indicate that both consumer innovativeness and trust significantly affect adoption intention directly and indirectly via degree of co-creation among tourists and e-travel service providers. Degree of co-creation acts as a mediator between the above-mentioned relationships. Research limitations/implications Use of smart phone apps by tourists’ and e-travel companies to co-create new services and tourists’ adoption intention have been examined in context of co-created service innovation that limits the generalizability of the results to other industries. A few other limitations are also discussed. Practical implications The findings of this study guides the policy planners and e-travel company managers toward application of mobile technology in consumer co-creation in context of service innovation. Originality/value Tourists’ trust in the e-travel companies and their innovativeness were found to influence their degree of co-creation, which are instrumental in developing adoption intention toward co-creative new service innovation using smart phone apps in India. This is a significant addition to the existing literature, as studies on co-creation activities aiming to co-develop new services by tourists and e-travel companies in India are scant in number. In addition to this, the newly developed conceptual model also highlights the role of degree of co-creation as a mediator between two antecedents (trust and innovativeness) and outcome (tourists’ adoption intention), which are considered as new additions to the co-creative service innovation literature.
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Rajaraman, A. "Literature Survey of Yoga for Foreign Visit Based on Aries to Pieces Lagna." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38387.
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Abstract: Entitled ‘Yoga Going Abroad’, this study has kept most of the people born in India with the idea of going abroad at least once in their life. It comes in many forms: higher education, medical education, marriage, work, career, travel, Women living with their husbands after marriage, the opportunity to go abroad for the delivery of a daughter or daughter-in-law living abroad, and for the care of grandchildren after childbirth. The purpose of this study is to study the benefits of those who have gone abroad and those who are living abroad permanently and to explore who will be eligible for yoga abroad. Keywords: Bhakyashtana, Bhakyathipathi, Pada, Dasa, Buddhi.
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Voigt, Lisa, and Elio Brancaforte. "The Traveling Illustrations of Sixteenth-Century Travel Narratives." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 365–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.365.
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The illustrations created by Jörg Breu for the 1515 edition of Ludovico de Varthema's account of his voyage to the Middle East, India, and the East Indies (Die ritterlich uñ lobwirdig Rayss “The Noble and Praiseworthy Journey') were reprinted in other travel narratives published in the mid-sixteenth century, including Hans Staden's Warhaftige Historia ‘True History’ (1557), about his captivity among the Tupinambá Indians of Brazil. As recycled illustrations their presence in Staden's text is usually ignored or derided, but their iconography and placement suggest that they were chosen deliberately and not merely for the sake of economy and expedience. By analyzing the images' relation to the accompanying text and comparing the images with those used in other editions and other travel narratives, the article argues that these traveling illustrations do not merely demonstrate the interchangeability of exotic ”others“ but rather suggest a growing awareness of and interest in ethnographic specificity among mid-sixteenth-century European readers.
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Goswami, Lopamudra, Stephen Anthony Larmar, and Jennifer Boddy. "The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on surrogacy in India: The role of social work." Qualitative Social Work 20, no. 1-2 (March 2021): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325020981082.
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The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic have been catastrophic internationally, with alarming rates of cases and deaths, as well as travel bans and countrywide lockdowns. While many industries are experiencing the deleterious effects of Covid-19, international surrogacy is facing enormous ethical challenges resulting from the pandemic. Drawing on the first author’s reflections on research with Indian surrogate mothers, coupled with contemporary literature, this paper highlights the impacts of Covid-19 on surrogacy in India, particularly regarding the strict lockdown laws intended to protect civil society. This paper discusses the serious issues facing key actors involved in surrogacy, including surrogate mothers and commissioning parents. Focus is given to the psychological impacts on newborn babies caught in a liminal space as a result of lockdown laws. The authors conclude with reflections on the role of social work in protecting women and children in international surrogacy, particularly during a pandemic.
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Ashta, Ashok. "Postulation of India-Japan Vedic-Buddhist cross-cultural management cluster: conceptualizing a spiritual philosophy-based explanation for emerging theory." Management Research Review 44, no. 7 (January 20, 2021): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-06-2020-0345.
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Purpose Though there is emerging research that induces a postulation for a Vedic–Buddhist (V–B) cultural cluster, good theory development requires not only generalizability but also strong explanation. This paper aims to address the explanation gap to strengthen emerging theory development. Design/methodology/approach Religion-derived spiritual philosophy travel is traced from historical origins in India to contemporary Japanese management practice and its underpinning values. Findings The enhanced explanation developed in this paper finds a clear trace of spiritual values with roots in India surfacing in contemporary Japanese management as identified in extant cross-cultural management (CCM) literature. Research limitations/implications This paper offers important explanation to strengthen emerging theory on the novel idea of a V–B CCM cluster. Practical implications The strengthening of explanation for emerging theory adds to the case for modification of the traditional CCM meta-narrative that has positioned India and Japan in separate cultural clusters. Social implications Strengthening the postulation of a V–B cultural cluster potentially lubricates foreign investment from Japan to India contributing to achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal no. 17 that pertains to international partnerships. Additionally, the findings raise questions for public policymakers who in modern times occlude religion from the public sphere. Originality/value This paper offers novel explanatory perspectives for emerging CCM theory, potentially expanding the spiritual philosophy avenue of management research.
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Gede Jelantik, Kadek Bagus, N. M. S. Wijaya, and Putu Agus Wikanatha Sagita. "STRATEGI PEMASARAN PAKET WISATA TIRTAYATRA KE INDIA PADA MELATI TOURS." Jurnal IPTA 9, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2021.v09.i01.p18.
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Many travel agents facilitate the interest of tourists, especially Balinese people to do Tirtayatra to India. One of them is Melati Tours as a travel agent providing package tours of Tirtayatra to India. This study was conducted to find out the right marketing strategy of Tirtayatra tour packages to India at Melati Tours. The data analysis technique used are internal environment/IFAS using Marketing Mix 7P analysis as an internal factors and external environment/EFAS using market analysis, competitor analysis, government analysis, technology analysis, economic analysis, social-cultural analysis, environmental analysis and SWOT analysis. The type of data used is quantitative and qualitative data, primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, study of literature, documentation and distribution of external internal questionnaires to 100 tourist who bought Tirtayatra tour packages at Melati Tours and to Melati Tours owners and Tourism Academics. Data analysis technique used is mix methods. This study used 18 internal sub-indicators and 8 external sub-indicators and obtained 11 strength factors, 7 weakness factors, 5 opportunity factors and 3 threat factors. Based on the results of data processing on external internal factors/IFAS EFAS, the total value of IFAS is 2,65 and EFAS is 2,20, this indicating the position of the Tirtayatra tour package on Melati Tours in this study is in cell VIII, namely Growth Strategy and Conglomerate Diversification. Melati Tours in marketing Tirtayatra tour packages to India requires a growth strategy through more strategic pressure on financial synergy rather than product marketing strategy for products and prices balance.
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Gergely, Aletta. "Trópusi veszélyek Indiában a 19. századi magyar utazási útleírásokban." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 2 (2019): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.8.
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This study investigates the tropical dangers in India in the late 19th and early 20th century through the Hungarian travel literature. The first part of the study examines the evolution of public health and the beginnings of the tropical medicine in India. The second part includes questions about madness and normal behaviour and I wrote about the lunatic asylum as well. The next section is about epidemic diseases like leprosy, malaria, cholera and plague. Tivadar Duka, M. D. and Ferenc Gáspár M. D. published articles about Colonial epidemics and public health. In order to control epidemics, special officers, committees, and commissioners were appointed by the British. Snake attacks also took their victims, so the British Government had to find a solution for the problem. In the last chapter I wrote about the use of psychoactive substances in India, like opium or cannabis.
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Mishra, Arima. "Engaging with the discourse on lifestyle modifications: Evidence from India." Health, Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2011.28.
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Lifestyle modifications through a range of health care practices are considered central to the management, control and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. While there is a critical perspective on the epistemologies of such global health discourses in existing literature, empirical evidence on how people engage with such prescriptive lifestyle modifications in different cultural contexts is very limited. The paper in this context draws on illness narratives of heart patients to discuss about the anxiety and uncertainty expressed by patients and others about notions of what constitutes ‘healthy’ and ‘risky’. It specifically unpacks the global-local dynamics in the construction of risk and healthy lifestyle and examines the contexts in which such global discourses are embodied, resisted or negotiated in different cultural contexts. The paper also examines how global health discourses travel to local sites through popular press. The paper draws on evidence collected through analyzing two Indian national English dailies and in-depth interviews with heart patients and their family members in Delhi, India in 2007-2008.
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Vargas-Cetina, Gabriela, and Manpreet Kaur Kang. "Cosmopolitanism, Translocality, Astronoetics: A Multi-Local Vantage Point." Review of International American Studies 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.9804.
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The world in which we live is crisscrossed by multiple flows of people, information, non-human life, travel circuits and goods. At least since the Sixteenth Century, the Americas have received and generated new social, cultural and product trends. As we see through the case studies presented here, modern literature and dance, the industrialization of food and the race to space cannot be historicized without considering the role the Americas, and particularly the United States, have played in all of them. We also see, at the same time, how these flows of thought, art, science and products emerged from sources outside the Americas to then take root in and beyond the United States. The authors in this special volume are devising conceptual tools to analyze this multiplicity across continents and also at the level of particular nations and localities. Concepts such as cosmopolitanism, translocality and astronoetics are brought to shed light on these complex crossings, giving us new ways to look at the intricacy of these distance-crossing flows. India, perhaps surprisingly, emerges as an important cultural interlocutor, beginning with the idealized, imagined versions of Indian spirituality that fueled the romanticism of the New England Transcendentalists, to the importance of Indian dance pioneers in the world stage during the first part of the twentieth century and the current importance of India as a player in the race to space.
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Biswas, Joydeep, and Shabbirhusain R.V. "Role of Celebrity Image-Congruence in Predicting Travel Behaviour Intention." ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism 20, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2022.20.1.05.
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The objective of this research was to investigate how the perceived image congruence of the traveller influences the relationship between celebrity endorser attributes and travel behaviour intentions in the tourism context. 310 respondents were surveyed using online convenient sampling in India. Hypotheses were tested using structured equation modelling. The results suggest that endorser celebrity traits of physical attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise positively impact a tourist’s intention to revisit or recommend the endorsed destination. Additionally, greater image congruence between the celebrity endorser and the endorsed destination is likely to result in higher intention of the traveller to visit the destination. The study contributes to the existing body of academic literature by demonstrating the combined influence of celebrity characteristics and image congruence on the travel intentions of a tourist. This research benefits the practitioners by suggesting that destinations should focus on carving a messaging strategy focusing on how the destination image is consistent with how the targeted traveller perceives himself or herself with the messaging source being a celebrity who is either physically attractive, trustworthy or a travel expert.
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Rubiés (book author), Joan-Pau, and Alan G. Arthur (review author). "Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India through European Eyes, 1250-1625." Renaissance and Reformation 36, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v36i3.8652.
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Varma, Roli. "Changing Borders and Realities: Emigration of Indian Scientists and Engineers to the United States." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6, no. 4 (2007): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914907x253224.
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AbstractInternational migration cannot be viewed as a byproduct of globalization since people have been migrating for centuries. However, globalization has given rise to a new kind of immigration, where a growing variety of interconnected social activities are taking place among technical immigrants at a high speed irrespective of their geographical location. The advent of instant online communication and the ability to share discoveries, inventions, advances, documents, and pictures in real time, as well as safe, easy, and fast travel options have made the traditional notions of borders, immigration, and even assimilation obsolete. This paper looks at how the tenets of immigration under globalization seem to be becoming outmoded as scientific knowledge flows between India and the U.S. It is based on the review of literature on the subject and in-depth interviews conducted in 2002-2004 with 120 Indian scientists and engineers from both countries.
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DATTA, Bivek. "PREFERENCES AND CHANGING NEEDS OF WELLNESS TOURISTS: A STUDY FROM INDIAN PERSPECTIVE POST COVID-19." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 42, no. 2 supplement (June 30, 2022): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.422spl18-889.
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On a global scale, people are resorting more to travel in order to invigorate, relieve stress and lead a healthy life. Therefore, there is a great desire to add wellness component to their travel itinerary post COVID-19. The study aims to find the preferences and changing needs of wellness tourists post COVID-19. The study was conducted on 400 foreign tourists visiting India and find their preferences and changing needs pertaining to various variables of wellness tourism post COVID-19. Factor Analysis was applied to reduce the 12 variables identified through scholarly literature into 3 factors i.e., Core Wellness services, Allied Wellness Services, Ancillary Wellness services. Multiple regression was used to determine the factors impacting the preferences and needs of wellness tourists. The study indicates that core wellness services i.e., yoga, Ayurveda, spirituality, meditation has stronger impact contributing to the satisfaction level of wellness tourists.
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Gaur, Savita. "Bengáli Tűz: A Spectrum of Intercultural Transfer." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2018-0027.
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Abstract A definite change occurs when two cultures interact and exchange information, which leads to the transformation in their respective cultures. Bengáli Tűz (Fire of Bengal) is a famous Hungarian journal and is often described as a travel journal or a novelistic voyage, which comes from the era of the early twentieth century and displays some impeccable shades of intercultural transfer. A Hungarian housewife went to India with her husband in 1929 and stayed there for three years while recording her personal experiences in a journal known as Bengáli Tűz in present time. Rózsa Hajnóczy’s journey started with a cultural shock that ended up in making her a knowledgeable person regarding a new culture. It is a chain of prominent events, narrating the story of how the author’s perspective about life met with a change and how she gained some openness and became culturally transformed. She had tears in her eyes when she left Hungary and came to India, as she was reluctant to leave her home, but after three years, when she departed from India, she again cried, but this time it was not for either India or Hungary. Her eyes were wet as she missed the notion of the entire “world” under the same roof. Other nationalities in this travel journal also underwent cultural transformation. The journal also showcases other compelling and significant topics, which makes it a tempting piece to read and an authentic piece of literature. Bengáli Tűz can be analysed from various points of view, of which here I chose “intercultural transfer”, but I am fully aware that a postcolonial reading would also offer fascinating insights into the journal.
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Vargas-Cetina, Gabriela, and Manpreet Kaur Kang. "Cosmopolitanism, Translocality, Astronoetics: A Multi-Local Vantage Point." Review of International American Studies 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.9804.
Full textAbstract:
The world in which we live is crisscrossed by multiple flows of people, information, non-human life, travel circuits and goods. At least since the Sixteenth Century, the Americas have received and generated new social, cultural and product trends. As we see through the case studies presented here, modern literature and dance, the industrialization of food and the race to space cannot be historicized without considering the role the Americas, and particularly the United States, have played in all of them. We also see, at the same time, how these flows of thought, art, science and products emerged from sources outside the Americas to then take root in and beyond the United States. The authors in this special volume are devising conceptual tools to analyze this multiplicity across continents and also at the level of particular nations and localities. Concepts such as cosmopolitanism, translocality and astronoetics are brought to shed light on these complex crossings, giving us new ways to look at the intricacy of these distance-crossing flows. India, perhaps surprisingly, emerges as an important cultural interlocutor, beginning with the idealized, imagined versions of Indian spirituality that fueled the romanticism of the New England Transcendentalists, to the importance of Indian dance pioneers in the world stage during the first part of the twentieth century and the current importance of India as a player in the race to space.
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Gaur, Savita. "Rózsa G. Hajnóczy’s Bengáli tűz [‘Fire of Bengal’]." Hungarian Cultural Studies 12 (August 1, 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2019.350.
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A Hungarian travel journal written by Rózsa G. Hajnóczy (1892-1944) in either the late 1930s or early 1940s, Bengáli tűz is a work that has gained acclaim among readers in both India and Bangladesh. In 1928, the author travelled to India while accompanying her husband, the famous Orientalist, Gyula Germanus (1884-1979), and she stayed there for three years while recording her personal experiences in journal entries which eventually provided the raw material for Bengáli tűz. In spite of having a very wide fan base of mainly female readers, Bengáli tűz is still not mentioned in the History of Hungarian Literature Lexicon, which raises the issue of why this work has not been included in the canon of Hungarian literature. Since some questions surround whether Hajnóczy actually wrote Bengáli tűz, I aim to explore the issues connected to the authorship of this work while examining it from a comparative cultural perspective via textual analysis. Hajnóczy's journal has an abundance of instances of interculturalism which make it relevant to current readers as well.
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Piliavsky, Anastasia. "The “Criminal Tribe” in India before the British." Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 323–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000055.
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AbstractThis paper challenges the broad consensus in current historiography that holds the Indian stereotype of criminal tribe to be a myth of colonial making. Drawing on a selection of precolonial descriptions of robber castes—ancient legal texts and folktales; Jain, Buddhist and Brahmanic narratives; Mughal sources; and Early Modern European travel accounts—I show that the idea of castes of congenital robbers was not a British import, but instead a label of much older vintage on the subcontinent. Enjoying pride of place in the postcolonial critics' pageant of “colonial stereotypes,” the case of criminal tribes is representative and it bears on broader questions about colonial knowledge and its relation to power. The study contributes to the literature that challenges the still widespread tendency to view colonial social categories, and indeed the bulk of colonial knowledge, as the imaginative residue of imperial politics. I argue that while colonialusesof the idea of a criminal tribe comprises a lurid history of violence against communities branded as born criminals in British law, the stereotype itself has indigenous roots. The case is representative and it bears on larger problems of method and analysis in “post-Orientalist” historiography.
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Skott, Christina. "Human Taxonomies: Carl Linnaeus, Swedish Travel in Asia and the Classification of Man." Itinerario 43, no. 02 (August 2019): 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531900024x.
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AbstractThis article looks at ways in which Swedish travel to Asia informed the classification of man in the work of Carl Linnaeus. In the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae (1758), Linnaeus made substantial changes to his earlier taxonomy of humans. Through two case studies, it is argued that these changes to a great extent were prompted by fresh Swedish eyewitness reports from China and Southeast Asia. The informants for the Homo asiaticus, a variety of Homo sapiens, and a proposed new species of humans, Homo nocturnus (or troglodytes), were all associated with the Swedish East India Company. The botanical contribution by men trained in the Linnaean method travelling on the company's ships has long been acknowledged. In contrast to the systematic collecting of botanical material, Swedish descriptions of Asia's human inhabitants were often inconclusive, reflecting the circumstances of the trade encounter. Linnaeus also relied on older observations made by countrymen, and his human taxonomies also highlight the role of travel literature in eighteenth-century anthropology.
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Sofyantoro, Fajar, Hendrix I. Kusuma, Sandro Vento, Marius Rademaker, and Andri Frediansyah. "Global research profile on monkeypox-related literature (1962–2022): A bibliometric analysis." Narra J 2, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): e96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52225/narra.v2i3.96.
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The recent monkeypox or mpox outbreak has been a global concern. The present study evaluated the global research outputs, research trends, and topics of published research on monkeypox using a bibliometric approach. The Scopus database was searched for terms associated with "monkeypox" or "monkey pox" up until 19 November 2022. Maps and bibliometric indicators of the retrieved documents were shown and analyzed. A total of 1,422 documents were obtained from Scopus. Other than monkeypox, the most commonly used terms included epidemic, disease outbreaks, smallpox vaccine, and orthopoxvirus. In total, 90.3% of the documents were published between 2002 and 2022. The United States, the United Kingdom, and India were the top three countries in terms of productivity. Most of the institutions were from the United States. The International Journal of Surgery, the Journal of Medical Virology, and the Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease are some of the top journals currently publishing research on monkeypox. Tecovirimat, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), homosexuality, and pandemic are emerging topics related to monkeypox.
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Correia-Afonso, John. "Postscript to an Odyssey: More Light on Manuel Godinho." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009641.
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A decade has passed since there appeared the fourth and latest edition of that great classic of travel literature, the Relaçāo do Novo Caminho Que Fez por Terra e Mar Vindo da India para Portugal no Ano de 1663 o Padre Manuel Godinho da Companhia de Jesus. It is a very methodical and elegant composition, the work of a man of culture who was also a keen observer. As the censor's certificate of approval in the first edition says, it can provide ‘useful recreation’ and also serve as ‘a guide-map for similar journeys, as in the case of navigations the experience of others has left us sailing charts.’
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Novi Aryani, Ni Luh Putu. "ANALISIS SEGMENTASI PASAR DALAM MENENTUKAN PASAR SASARAN UTAMA PADA PT. PACTO BALI TRAVEL." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v1i1.140.
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<p><em>Bali is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia, and famous around the world. The location and cultural diversity is a huge potential, which is owned by Bali to undertake the development of tourism. In addition support measures should be provided so the tourists easier to enjoy a holiday in Bali. One of the tools that is very important in terms of organizing and providing services to the guest who will be traveling with the tour destination is a travel agency. One of the travel agency in Bali is PT. Pacto Bali Travel.</em></p><p><em>The study analyzes market segmentation to determine the primary target market will discuss three issues: (1) Any product of tourism services offered on the PT. Pacto Bali Travel? (2) How the characteristics of the service user rating on PT. Pacto Bali Travel? (3) How PT. Pacto Bali Travel determine which market segments are held to set as the main target market ?</em></p><p><em>Study the above problems with the Theory Marketing Mix. In addition to obtaining the data used several methods, the methods of observation, interview and literature study. As well as elaborated by the descriptive method, in order to obtain an overall conclusion. This research is a method in which using a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods.</em></p><p><em>The results of this study indicate that the product of tourism services sold to PT. Pacto Bali Travel includes travel products which have been prepared, which is based on tourism product demand and tour options. Characteristics of service users in PT. Pacto Bali Travel originating from several countries with gender, age and motivation of different trips. The largest market segment by travelers country of origin is India and the most susceptible age>18 years, with the highest gender is male and the motivation of the trip is honeymoon. So the market share it warrants serious attention by PT. Pacto Bali Travel in order to increase the level of purchases by tourists travel packages in PT. Pacto Bali Travel.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
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Chaudhury, Prosenjit Dey. "Modal Split between Rail and Road Modes of Transport in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920050103.
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In the 1950s, the rail mode occupied a dominant position in transport within India. Since then, however, the transport sector in the country has been characterized by a secular decline in the share of rail mode. Internalization of the external costs of transport may not be sufficient for the achievement of a socially optimal modal split unless account is taken of the factors behind the current modal split. This paper attempts an investigation of these issues on the basis of data relating to eight representative sections in the country where the two modes are in competition. India became a decidedly road-dominant economy in the beginning of the eighties with the railways losing out in respect of freight traffic in addition to its already declining share in passenger traffic. The dominance of road over rail has since continued unabated till the present and is likely to continue into the future. This paper reviews the trends in transport and modal split in India from the fifties onwards and looks at the factors likely to influence modal choice. In the literature, an individual's choice of mode is divided into two main categories: personal characteristics of the individual (income, tastes, auto ownership, competing family needs for the car) characteristics of transportation alternatives available (relative time, cost, and comfort). Based on time-series including user costs, per capita domestic product, and consumption expenditure, an econometric analysis of inter-modal competition in the eight sections selected for the current study reveals the following: In the case of passenger traffic, increases in the user cost difference and the user cost ratio between road and rail have an upward impact on the relative traffic volume of rail. Income (as represented by per capita gross state domestic product) seems to play a part in determining choice between travel by car on road and first-class/air-conditioned travel on rail. The relationship between modal split and user cost difference/cost ratio in the case of competition between bus on road and second-class/sleeper-class travel on rail appears to be a non-linear one. In the case of freight competition, the modal share of rail does not go up with increase in the user cost difference or cost ratio between road and rail. It is the income variable that appears to influence modal choice in freight transport in the expected manner with shippers patronizing the qualitatively superior road mode when per capita state domestic product goes up. To arrive at a socially optimal modal split, therefore, it is necessary to concentrate on improvements in the quality of service on rail while at the same time devising measures to internalize the external costs of transport.
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Amar Raju G., Souvik Roy, and Santanu Mandal. "Determinants of Website Usability: Empirical Evidence from Tourism Sector in India." Global Business Review 19, no. 6 (September 23, 2018): 1640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918794976.
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Website usability has received decent empirical attention in recent academic literature. However, there are various website characteristics that might still influence the usability of websites. In this empirical exploration, we propose three such characteristics: speed with which websites respond to customer requests (i.e., website agility); the capability of websites to restore its operations in the face of a disruption (i.e., website resilience) and the capability of websites to retain the interests of customers and keep them engaged interactively (i.e., website attractiveness) as enablers of website usability based on dynamic capability extension of resource-based view. Further, we argue that website usability will influence electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) for those websites. We also explore if there is any influence of website agility and resilience on website attractiveness. Using customers as target respondents who have used websites mainly for travel and tourism purposes, we test for the proposed relationships through collecting survey data based on face-to-face interview. Partial least squares analysis of 285 survey responses suggests website agility attractiveness and resilience to be dominant enablers for website usability and website usability positively influences e-WOM.
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Chandran, Anu. "Scanning the Dynamics of Participatory Research (PRIT) in Heritage Tourism Management: The Case of Chitharal in Tamil Nadu, India." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.13.6.
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Chitharal, located at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu, South India is quite an amazing and enamouring heritage destination preserved by the Archaeological Survey of India. Tourism being a multi-disciplinary area must be open to innovative yet impactful research methods. The researcher in this work conceptualizes and adopts the Participatory Research in Tourism (PRIT) approach devised over the years, in consonance with the fabric of tourism, which is a people-centric and activities based academic subject. This study attempts to map the experiential dynamics of a chosen group of tourists who possess extraordinary interests and affinity for heritage manifestations. The various parameters to be analysed, coded, and inferred are pre-determined by the researchers by way of a preliminary visit and empirical observations, collection of tourist literature, compilation of expert opinion and review of literature and travel blogs. They are recorded for every individual member of the group on a real-time basis by the accompanying researchers. Many an aspect is researched on the spot. The present study is the first work in this direction which can be shaped and nourished to form a productive method of research in tourism. In the present paper the behavioral aspects of tourists are also recorded at Chitharal - an unsung tourism haven and Jain heritage destination.
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ROUT, Himanshu B., P. K. MISHRA, and B. B. PRADHAN. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism in India: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 7, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).22.
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The importance of tourism as an instrument for economic growth and employment generation, particularly in remote and backward areas, has been well recognized world over. It is the largest service industry globally in terms of gross revenue as well as foreign exchange earnings. Tourism plays an effective role in achieving growth with equity objectives which we have set for ourselves. The extant tourism literature suggests that the expansion on tourism sector can contribute to long-run macroeconomic performance of developing countries. India ving high potential for the expansion of tourism industry can be a catalyst for the long-run socio-economic growth.
Thus, we have investigated the impact of tourism on India’s economic growth over a period from 1990 to 2015. The results predict the possibility of long-run equilibrium relationship between tourism and economic growth. This justifies for the identification of the indicators which should be emphasized while formulating plans and policies for tourism sector expansion. The estimation of long-run regression model suggests that the indicators such as foreign exchange earnings, international tourists spending, domestic expenditure on tourism and capital investment by all industries related to travel and tourism are critical in making tourism industry an engine of economic growth.
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Lahiri, Madhumita. "Not Going Anywhere: Local Protests as Post-global Politics." Novel 55, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-9615009.
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Abstract With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive restrictions on travel and migration effectively destroyed the global mobility of persons, while widespread supply chain disruptions meant that commodities were no longer as globally mobile. Drawing on this 2020 context, this article shows how 2020’s Black Lives Matter protests indicate the contours of what we might think of as a “post-global” politics: that is, a movement that reflects a globally informed analysis but nonetheless draws only implicitly on ideas of global commonality. National movements affirm the unity of national space, but BLM insists on its very unevenness; internationalism seeks to forge communities across regions and nations, but BLM takes the unity and transportability of “Black” as a given; globalization discourse argues that the world is coming ever closer together, but BLM lays claim to no future unity. This article demonstrates this post-global conceptualization through two of 2020’s most successful novels: Brit Bennett's The Vanishing Half and Charles Yu's Interior Chinatown. What, then, is the analytic value of worldwide comparisons for a post-global movement? To answer this question, the US-based BLM protests of 2020 are considered alongside Indian politics in the same period, both through the Indian farmers’ protests that began in late 2020 and through an analysis of a successful 2020 US novel about India, Megha Majumdar's A Burning. This novel was explicitly connected by US readers to BLM's critiques of state violence against minority populations, yet the book itself feels claustrophobically small. Through the combined analysis of these three recent literary successes, this article shows how a post-global politics is reshaping US understandings of racialization.
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Mehta, CA Kamakshi, Dr Shikha Sharma, and Shiv Swaroop Jha. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: A CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE." Administrative Development 'A Journal of HIPA, Shimla' 8, SI-1 (October 6, 2021): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53338/adhipa2021.v08.si01.02.
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Corona virus originated from Wuhan city China has proliferated in such a way that it has made its presence in almost every country. This virus has impacted every industry such as manufacturing, service industry etc. It has put a great dent in the tourism and travel industry. It is assumed that tourism and travel can take a long time to recover. This impact of this varus has resulted in millions of job losses and took economy in negative figures. India, which was once considered to be the largest growing economy, has seen a double-digit negative growth. The objective of this paper is to find the impact of pandemic on tourism industry. An extensive literature review resulted in three dimensions of microenvironment which have suffered in tourism industry. Results showed that the scale is reliable and valid. Pandemic has resulted in un-employment, reduced income of tourism and reduced traveller preference etc. Hypotheses were tested by calculating correlation coefficient, which showed that there is significant relationship among factors. This study will help managers and policy makers to make projections for profit margins and to build strategies to overcome the negative effect of pandemic on tourism.
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Rajesh, M. N. "Travel of Bonpo Gods from the Eurasian Borderlands to the Tibetan Culture Area and the Borderlands of North-east India." Kawalu: Journal of Local Culture 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/kawalu.v5i1.1874.
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Abstract
Popular writing has brought about an image of Hindu deities that are seen as a part of Hinduism only and Hinduism is also seen as a religion of the Indian subcontinent. While this may be largely true in many cases, it forces us to look at Hinduism in very Semitic terms as a closed religion. On the contrary we see that there was a considerable travel of gods and goddesses from other religions into Hinduism and vice versa. And thus negates the idea of Hinduism as a closed system. This therefore brings us to the problem of defining Hinduism which is by no means an easy task as there is no agreement on any singular definition. Pre-modern India had more contacts with her neighbours and thus central Asia and south East Asia emerge as some of the main regions where Indian influence is seen in many aspects of life. Even to a casual observer of both central Asia and South East Asia we see that there striking Indian influences in culture, religion and other aspects of life. All of them are not part of the textual literature that has become very nationalistic in the recent past and this tends to also dismiss the earlier writings as western Eurocentric. It is true that there is a great element of eurocentricism in the earlier writings but one point that needs to be highlighted is that these earlier writings also faithfully portrayed many aspects like iconography etc. in a very descriptive manner that focused on the measurements, likeness, colour and other associated characteristics of the statues. Such trends are clearly visible in the writings of Jas Burgess,E.B Havell etc. who were influenced by the dominant paradigm in contemporary Europe of the 1850‟s where the duty of the historian was to just record. Such an approach was informed by the writings of the German philosopher Leopold Von Ranke. Though there are certain value judgments at the end of the chapter, the main narrative is a dry as dust and it is easy to decipher the characteristics or reconstruct the iconographic programme in any shrine and by extension the religious practices. In the modern period , where the dominant forms of anti-colonial struggles led to a writing of nationalist history succeeded by Marxist influenced social histories in many parts of Asia, the identification of the national boundaries and national cultures also extended to religions and many aspects were either muted or totally obliterated in history writing to present a homogenous picture. Thus, we have a picture of Hinduism and Buddhism that fits in with the national narratives. Such a collapse of categories is there in the borderland of India where the cultural boundaries are not clearly marked as also h religious boundaries. One single example that illustrates this assertion is the portrayal of Sri Lanka as a Sinhala Buddhist region with the Tamil regions of Sri Lanka marked off as separate entity and both being largely exclusive. In the Buddhist temples of Sri Lanka, one finds firstly the statue of Ganesha and later the images of Karthikeya and also the god Shani or Saturn. This image of a Buddhist monastery sharply contrasts with the highly buddhistic space of a Sinhala Buddhist temple where non-Buddhist elements are not found.
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Chatterjee, Devlina, Bahul Dandona, Aditya Mitra, and Manohar Giri. "Airbnb in India: comparison with hotels, and factors affecting purchase intentions." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-05-2019-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand Indian tourists’ perceptions of Airbnb compared to other hospitality options, and the factors driving their purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach An integrated model for purchase intention was conceptualized based on the theory of planned behavior and social exchange theory. Constructs such as trust, authenticity, travel innovativeness, price sensitivity and effort expectancy were included based on a survey of the literature. Structural equation models were built using survey data. Respondent ranking of different criteria for Airbnb vs its competitors were aggregated using Borda count method. Findings Price is the most important criteria across hospitality choices, including Airbnb, except high-end hotels. Facilities, home-like feeling, trust and friendly service were important for Airbnb. Consumer expectations from Airbnb are similar to homestays, mid-range and budget hotels and different from resorts and high-range hotels. In the theory of planned behavior model, trust in Airbnb and perceived authenticity had large significant positive effects on purchase intention, mediated by attitude. Social norms and effort expectancy had direct positive effects on behavioral intentions. Price sensitivity had a direct small negative effect on purchase intention. Overall, fit of the model was within acceptable parameters. Originality/value Despite being an important emerging market, Airbnb in India has not been covered by studies of consumer behavior. This paper fills that research gap. Airbnb’s main competitors are home-stays and mid-range hotels. Building trust, creating authentic experiences and ensuring price competitiveness will drive adoption.
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M., Sandeep Kumar, Maheshwari V., Prabhu J., Prasanna M., Jayalakshmi P., Suganya P., Benjula Anbu Malar M.B., and R. Jothikumar. "Social economic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in India." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 16, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2020-0053.
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Purpose The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the internet of things (IoT) market. To overcome all the above issues, IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people, so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition. Design/methodology/approach To respond to the global COVID-19 outbreak, the social-economic implications of COVID-19 on specific dimensions of the global economy are analyzed in this study. The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the IoT market. To overcome these issues IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition. A few reviews, approaches, and guidelines are provided in this article along these lines. Moreover, insights about the effects of the pandemic on various sectors such as agriculture, medical industry, finance, information technology, manufacturing and many others are provided. These insights may support strategic decision making and policy framing activities for the top level management in private and government sectors. Findings With insecurities of a new recession and economic crisis, key moments such as these call for strong and powerful governance in health, business, government, and large society. Instant support measures have to be initiated and adapted for those who can drop through the cracks. Mid- and long-term strategies are required to stabilize and motivate the economy during this recession. Originality/value A comprehensive social-economic development strategy that consists of sector by sector schemes and infrastructure that supports business to ensure the success of those with reliable and sustainable business models is necessary. From the literature analysis and real world observations it is concluded that the IoT, sensors, wearable devices and computational technologies plays major role in preserving the economy of the country by preventing the spread of COVID-19.