Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travailleurs pauvres – Conditions de travail'
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Aznar, Erasun Jaime. "From rich to poor : contesting totalizing precarity in the domestic and care sector and the banking sector." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSESAM/2024/2024ULILA019.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation explores precarity as a central concept for understanding contemporary labor and social conditions in late capitalism, focusing on Spain's domestic and care sector and banking sector. It examines how the contemporary political economy has generated expanding and more intense, yet differing experiences of precarity across these sectors and explores how each social group, subjected to different productive requirements navigates and contests precarity. This research has aimed to empirically gather the experiences of precaritized workers, and highlights how workers are forced to bear overwhelming personal responsibilities in the face of politically generated socio economic vulnerability. The thesis contrasts the conditions of domestic and care workers, marked by low wages, job instability, and fragmented employment, with the more regulated and stable employment yet precarious experiences in banking, where workers face corporate strategies aimed at maximizing profit through labor cost reduction, automation, and restructuring. Through a combination of critical theory and empirical research, this study draws on Marxist analysis to shed light on the material and subjective experiences of precarity. It also contributes to broader discussions on capitalism's contradictions, labor, and social reproduction, exploring whether these precarious conditions offer space for emancipatory action. The research highlights that while precarity affects all workers, it is most acute in marginalized sectors like domestic and care work, where workers are undervalued despite being essential. This research also reveals how precarious conditions in low-wage sectors underpin exploitation in concentrated markets, creating a hierarchical structure of precarity that is politically and economically sustained
Laurent, Franck. "Les assistants sociaux au travail : la construction d'une sociologie du travail au quotidien." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30049.
Full textGonon, Anne. "La position sociale des travailleurs journaliers au Japon." Paris, INALCO, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INALA001.
Full textMananga, Francisco. "Les conditions de travail dans le secteur social : approches juridiques d'un exercice professionnel bien particulier /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41381946t.
Full textMoco-Daijardin, Audrey. "Quand l'automédication devient une conduite dopante chez les travailleurs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2027.
Full textThe work of our research is based on an understanding of the link between selfmedication and doping behaviour. Indeed, we understand that the process of choice in terms of treatment to treat diseases and take care of one's health can be transformed in order to improve or preserve the performance of individuals in the workplace. Our research focuses on the contextual factors of working conditions, the individual factors that influence the health of individuals at work, how they practice self-medication and how all of these factors can influence people's consumption behaviours at work. We know that doping behaviour is specified in the objective to be achieved and the obstacle faced by the individual (Laure, 2000). Indeed, we can note on one hand that there are several types of consumer behaviors and that they are not all addictive. On the other hand, that self-medication is a common and daily consumption practice that occurs according to the context in which people evolve. Indeed, it is observable in many environments, such as : sports, studies, the world of work. The goal of this practice can vary, ranging from pain management to maintaining performance levels at work, reducing stress, fatigue, etc. Among other things, the practice of self-medication is put in place to manage recognized, identified and considered benign health problems. By using the consumption of products independently. In the case of work situations, we assumed that when people face barriers to work, in that sense, when individuals are faced with a work situation, which temporarily blocks their own well-being. Self-medication is then diverted into a doping behavior, which allows them to manage the obstacle by consuming products. We also assumed that doping behaviour could be a regulator of the working situation and the environment facing the individual. To verify our assumptions, through this research, we have tried to answer this question: how can selfmedication be diverted for doping purposes? To study this more closely, we built a methodology based on two tools. First, 17 interviews with workers, to identify and evaluate the elements and mechanisms derived from working conditions and consumption behaviours, which may explain the consumption behaviour at work and, moreover, the doping. Our results allowed us to see that the self-diagnosis phase play an important role in the consumption behaviour of individuals. These initial results helped us create an online questionnaire to which 219 participants responded. For this second tool, we used network analysis, using JASP 10.02 software to help us visualize and understand the link between self-medication and doping behaviour. The results of our research indicate that contextual and individual factors have an impact on the psychological state of individuals at work, leading them to develop consumption at work. We have also seen that the practice of self-medication also contributes to the establishment of consumer behaviour at work
Pollak, Catherine. "Conditions de travail et transitions de fin de carrière : une comparaison européenne." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010021.
Full textFICHOU, ALAIN. "Le fonds pour l'amelioration des conditions de travail : ses retombees favorables sur la sante des travailleurs." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M015.
Full textAllègre, Guillaume. "Les compléments de revenu en faveur des travailleurs pauvres : Revenu de solidarité active : évaluation ex ante d'une réforme." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0081.
Full textThis thesis has two main objectives: to evaluate the Revenu de Solidarité Active (RSA) and to discuss the different ex ante evaluation methods concerning social transfer policies. The fist part uses a European comparative perspective. We question the category ‘working poor’, who are explicitly targeted by the law generalising the RSA. We show the difficulties in defining, measuring, and interpreting working poverty. Then, we estimate the individual determinants of working poverty in five European countries. We show that the face and the causes of working poverty have their specificities in each country. The relation between working poverty and tax and benefit systems are then analysed and we underline the dilemma of redistributive policies. We then show how the RSA interacts with social policies targeted to the low-wage and poor workers. The second part analyses the contribution of social experiments in the evaluation of financial incentives to work. We show that the field experimentation of financial incentives to work is subject to numerous methodological difficulties. We discuss the lessons of American experiments before evaluating the RSA experimental protocol. The third part is an evaluation of the impact of the reform using a microsimulation model. We find that 65% of the benefits are received by households from the two lowest deciles of standard of living. Finally, we estimate the impact of the RSA on labour supply. In our sample, RSA reduces employment by nearly 12 000; full-time employment is reduced by 21 000 and 10 000 part-time jobs are created
Estrada, Urroz Rosalina. "La condition ouvrière à Puebla (Mexique), 1940-1976 : (travail, consommation et luttes ouvrières)." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080683.
Full textThis research is directived to two sector of the working class in puebla : the textil and automovil industries. During this years some changes took place in the working conditions : however this do not follow a lineal course ; from 1940 to 1950 the caracteristics of the factory instalations remain stable. The workers, on account of this live throw a series of obstacles for sealing their working force and they also have low salaries. Modernization of the textil industry began in 1950 and the productive proceses were transformed. The worrkers fasted new criteria of productivity and the reduction of the numbler or workers hired. Since 1960 another economic state could be seen because of the arrival of new factories with an intensive use of capital. In this atmosphere a new working class rises. Tendencies to a braking point of the transmission of the textil skills are seen. The workers remain having a series of cultural practicises inherited from past generations. The workers struggles for their reivindications take place within oficial unions, wich became force since 1950 and have limited their struggless to the recuperation of buying power
Nkuitchou, Nkouatchet Raoul. "Les enjeux sociaux du flux tendu dans le fast food : le cas de Quick." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0019.
Full textSince the start of fast food in the United States in the early 1950s, characterised by customers in a hurry wanting to spend the least possible amount on rapidly perishable food products to eat standardised products made with standard production processes, the latter have spread systematically. Fast food has always been produced just in time, how else could you proceed with food that is to be consumed straight away? But the production principle that dominates fast food, which is in fact a discovery made by the managers of that branch of activity, deepens the classic matrix (Taylor/Ford) of rationalisation of work and productions. It is the flux tendu process: this creates an essentially poor and limited job for the great majority of fast food workers, mostly young, who come and go from the sector at a crazy rate. Because of this there is a phenomenal turn-over in the work force. Thanks to a study we have done at Quick, we have concluded that there are two conditions necessary for flux tendu to work in fast food: 1/ A high turn-over to the point of this creating a distinctive management resource, allowing for the presence of only the most dedicated young employees in the sector, similar to worker bees in their hives. 2/ An availability of this potential labour force on the job market; companies can easily and consistently find young people needing to participate in the salary and consumer based society
Cessou-Butel, Arthur. "Le Gouvernement du travail informel à Ranchi (Jharkhand) : circulation des travailleurs et travailleuses pauvres et fixation des politiques sociales en Inde contemporaine." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0151.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relations in India between economic liberalization – and increased labor insecurity that came with it – and the restructuring of the State through targeted welfare schemes. A focus on Jharkhand, a State created in 2000 from the Southern hills of Bihar and Ranchi, its capital, allows these dynamics to be grasped in a particular context : a State and a city in the making. This research shows how the great transformations affecting the Indian economy and State are embedded in a specific setting and a singular regional history which shape their outcomes. Looking at the concrete and daily consequences of theses evolutions on workers’ repertoires and strategies, I analyze the government of the poor as it is implemented, negotiated, and appropriated. The articulation of exploitation regimes (based on an informal migrant workforce) and welfare regimes (based policies targeting emigration sites) is brought to light by the circulations and relations between the administration, NGOs, employers, and parties, but also by Ranchi workers’ claims. It is at the intersection of these different groups and through their interactions that this shift in public regulation of labor shifts from the relations of production (and production sites) to the reproductive needs of the working poor (and their places of residence). The central focus on workers’ politics has allowed me to show how these transformations are restructuring relations of domination and oppression while opening new spaces for engagement
Lambert, Hamel Audrey. "Les pratiques des travailleuses de la petite enfance : conditions, relations interpersonnelles et aspects économiques du travail." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25625.
Full textCharles, Charlène. "Un travail social précaire ? Travail atypique et dégradation des conditions d'exercice dans le secteur socio-éducatif." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC164.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to assess the consequences of the rapidly expanding use of private companies, e.g. temporary employment agencies, in an area – child welfare – that hitherto had always been not-for-profit. Confronted with the externalisation and outsourcing of public services, the thesis proposes a joint analysis of the transformations of social work and the new forms of employment. In child welfare centres, the hiring of less-well-trained personnel on lower pay, or the recruitment of temp workers, freelancers or staff on short-term contracts, reveals a number of contradictions about the true nature of social work consisting, for one thing, in limiting the precarious situation of beneficiaries. Based on a four-year ethnographic survey comprising interviews with persons ranging from child welfare staff to managers and heads of social structures, combined with the observations made as a specialised child educator in two child welfare centres, this research examines the phenomenon of the casualization of employment affecting in tandem, but not symmetrically, both the children in need of support and social workers. At the crossroads of the sociology of social work, employment and social relations, the thesis presents, 1) the new ways of managing employment that are taking root as part of a general reconfiguration of social policies and 2), an analysis of the work of social services seen through the prism of the new forms of employment referred to above
Mananga, Francisco. "La dimension juridique des conditions du travail dans le secteur de l'intervention sociale." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20014.
Full textThe social labor is an activity based on humans relations. This means that a useful and intellectual organization has to be set up. This sector includes many professions working in private associations and in public offices. Concerning the social law, it seems to be necessary to approach the question of the working conditions and to wonder about a possible adaptation of this law to the social workers. Indeed, the special features of the social work, the particularities of users, the derogatory applications of the working law and also the manner in which some social workers practise. . . Need to be considered. If the application of the equivalence hours is deeply questionable, the legislation upon the responsibilities seems to be of an appropriate application, in spite of the fact that legal protection of the social workers remains hypothetical. So this study aims to question the opportunity of applying the general principles of the social law in this sector but no necessary derogatory
Souza, Kodzo Nyamad de. "Les conditions des travailleurs togolais pendant la période coloniale allemande au Togo de 1884 à 1914." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/De_Souza.Kodzo_Nyamadi.LMZ908.pdf.
Full textOur dissertation concerns the german colonisation in Togo from 1884 to 1914. We have treated the conditions of togoworkers during that periode and their working conditions. We have specially emphasized the people who are employed to take the affairs for the colonial authorities and other members of colonisation ; we have specially emphasized the people who are employed to build the roads and railways in the colony. We have also to speak about the different methods which the colonial authority in togo used to assemble the people to work. At the end, we have described the reactions of the people from Togo who are constantly confronted with work for colonial authority
Habersetzer, Thierry. "Analyse sociologique du sentiment de crise chez les travailleurs sociaux." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21121.
Full textIn the dawn of the 21st century, social workers confronted by formidable challenges (social changes, political indecisions, upheavals set into motion by factions, end of an imagined neutrality) perceived French society and their own work by means of a perpetual feeling of loss and falling down. Relying on an area survey that is at the same time qualitative and quantitative, on professional journals and on different sociological publications on social work, the thesis stipulates that the crisis so invoked by social workers themselves is more imagined than real. Downplaying the traps of conservatism, they base their professional credo on the principal of hope combining " a quest for a true democracy based on anti-capitalism and measured progressivism, as well as faith in the European construction ". Tragic and romantic heroes living as the " Good " who are subjected to a veritable " condemnation of Sisyphus ", colonized by university disciplines and dependent on administrative and medical frameworks that are collectively very little involved and yet tremendously morally indignant, they place their hope in the development of a " moral individualism " leaning towards " self-fulfillment of the individual ". They hope that in this way their client will escape social and psychological pressures and will influence their destiny. More tinkerers than technicians, more moralists that utopians, social workers live their own work-related activities by means of the prism of a bad conscience. That said, one must read the illusion of crisis not simply as an excuse, not uniquely as a complaint and even less as a guiding principal of social work, but more as a fundamental and existential element. A truly fortifying myth, the feeling of crisis permits social workers to distance themselves from the challenges that they encounter at the core of social mutations that are taking place and to exist in the core of multiple paradoxisms that are inherent in their own work
Poblete, Lorena. "De la gestion de l'autonomie : parcours de travailleurs autonomes argentins dans les années 90." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0042.
Full textThis research has to main goals. On the one hand, I intend to discuss how the category of self-employed worker became a valuable tool for labour flexibilisation in the 90s due to its ability to create labour relationships that are more flexible than those set forth by the labour reform. On the other hand, I intend to discuss how self-employed workers cope with the precarious condition of their labour situation. Ln 1954, in a context in which social rights were becoming universal, the category of self-employed worker was created in order to extend the right to retirement to self-employed workers. However, in contrast to salaried staff, they must pay for their own social security and pension funds, thus their social protection depends on their stability in the labour market. In 1998, the category of "self-employed worker" was expanded to include other kinds of workers that were neither salaried staff nor self-employed workers. These are hybrid labour relationships mainly characterized by precariousness, which results from labour instability and lack of social protection. In the 90s, especially after 1998, the excessive and irregular use of this category caused a substantive deregulation of the labour market. Therefore, the second goal of our research is to understand how these "new" self-employed workers cope with social instability and lack of protection. By understanding how careers are structured we can comprehend the transformation of work representation in a labour market such as the Argentine one, which has undergone a dramatic changing process in the last 15 years
Puygrenier, Lucas. "Les gens de trop : gouvernement des populations et mise au travail sur l’île de Malte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0001.
Full textThis research is about population groups whose presence is thought to be “redundant” and undesirable and the state actions such a belief induced. In Malta, the most densely populated country in the European Union, the claim that the local population would exceed the productive capacity of the island is ancient. Yet, the lines between the human presences that are deemed to be legitimate and those considered to be “redundant” are continuously shifting. In this dissertation, I argue that these dynamics take their roots in the changing understandings of the “needs” of the economy and of the role the state is expected to play in the management of production.This contribution hence explores actors’ competitive evaluations of the usefulness of populations on the island, in the context of the rapid transformations of local capitalism. Through interviews, observation, and archival analysis, it highlights the various solutions governing authorities invent to cope with the “human surplus” they think to detect within the country. From the emigration programs destined for the Maltese poor in the 20th century, to today’s deportation of persons in exile, the state’s undertaking aims first at achieving the subtraction of populations. Recently, local authorities have also proceeded to the addition of new populations meant to remain separated from the local political community: the growing size of foreign labor on the island and the incentives for persons in exile to work are both part of this late endeavor. Such governmental operations, however, remained unachieved. It is precisely from the gap between society as it is, and the community as political authorities believe it should be, that “redundant” people are doomed to continuously reappear
Leleux, Marc. "Condition et attitudes sociales et politiques des sans-travail et des travailleurs précaires dans le département du Nord de 1848-2002." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30043.
Full textTouré, Khadija. "Enfants, jeunes travailleurs dans la rue et insertion sociale a abidjan." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0102.
Full textThis study was born of observing the streets of abidjan where an ever growing number of children and young people go about varied trade activities. This group, as a social category, can only be understood in the global context of the process of accelerated urbanisation which the ivory coast and other african countries is experiencing today. The consequences of this situation are many : problems in access to schooling and to a modern job, growing pauperisation of an important segment of the urban population. Using the methods of the questionnaire, panels, life stories and inquiries, we took as our sample, between 1992 and 1995, 80 persons employed as shoeshiners, as merchants selling newspapers or kleenex or keeping custudy over automobiles. We also questionned a dozen former street young now involved in professional training. The results of our investigation can be summarized under three topics: the first exposes the reasons for this social practice. While few are in fact illiterate, most of the children have left school or only went to the coranic school and thus have no qualification for a modern job. Secondly we explore the realm of the street : its organisation, types of sociability and conflicts. Here, the struggle for room in which to work: is at stake and constitutes the chief reason for sociability in the street. How do these persons see themselves ? how are they perceived by the society ? finally, we treat the young people's efforts for professional insertion and the opportunities they have : projects launched by non-governmental organisations and by international organisations working both with the state. Personal strategies to get out of the street are based on saving money to take over a business or to get a new activity started. However, these strategies come into conflict with the dire necessity of personal and family survival
Ting-Sheng, Lin. "Le régime de travail en Chine : enquêtes dans des usines taiwanaises en Chine côtière." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0061.
Full textThis thesis is a sociological analysis of the migrant workers employed in the foreign capital factories, in the case of Taiwanese capital, established in the provinces of the Chinese maritime frontage. This work bases on field researches carried out in China between 1996 and 1999 in the provinces of Guangdong and Jiangsu. The analysis is focused on the migrant workers, natives of the interior provinces (Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangxi primarily): their motivations of migration, their status in the coastal areas, the ways they are finding these jobs, their social conscience. The apparatus of regulations of the productive activities, and the interactions within the framework in and out the process if work are studied from the specific elements of the Chinese world: the nature and the mechanism of the “relations” (guangxi) in the Chinese society, the function of the interpersonal networks which structure the universe of the migrant workers, simultaneously centrifugal and centripetal, their “traditional mentality”. By taking account of all these specific factors, decisives for the functioning of the Chinese society, and with the partial assistance of some sociological theories, this study measures the scale of conflicts and the practices of exclusion which devise the migrant workers
Sagnard-Haddaoui, Nadine. "La nouvelle condition ouvrière : de l'extension des modes de domination patronale aux nouvelles formes de résistances ouvrières : entre fuite, zèle et résignation." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20073.
Full textOur essay on the changes in the condition of workers shows management of stronger type in "modernized" firms where workers are more closely controlled, hence entering the disappearance of the relative balance between managers' domination and the labour force, as at the time of the "Fordist compromise". The economic, technological, and social reorganization following the crisis of the 1970s resulted in workers' collectives being dismantled, in class solidarity vanishing, and in unions getting weaker. The "modern" firm has lost its integrative function by making jobs temporary and replacing them according to economic circumstances. Since then, the new balance has been favourable to managers. The traditional forms of workers' resistance have been harmed by the new management method where social control is omnipotent. To counteract the reinforcement of managers' control, new forms of rebellion have appeared : there are defensive rather than offensive, secret, and above all individual rather than collective. Temporary wage-earners, fearing social exclusion, have very little liberty left; the least resigned of them try to make the most of it. This movement is hardly controlled by the management and is a tool for reconquering the self-esteem that was lost in such firms where economic stakes outclass people's lot
Guillaume, Habersack Alice. "Les travailleurs étrangers à Heidelberg pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040048.
Full textOver nine million foreign workers were employed in Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Among those workers from all over Europe, there were volonteers, prisoners of war, but also civilians, women, children and old people who had been forcibly deported to work and support the Third Reich's economy. In Heidelberg as well as averywhere else in Germany, foreign workers were very present during the war. This study shows how indipensable their presence was in so many sectors, and in which way their working stations and conditions of life (salary, accomodation, nutrition, clothing) depended essentially on the Nazi prescriptions related to their "race". Work, as well as starvation, Hygiene conditions, ill-treatment, illness, daily life and resistance take a major place in this study whose object is to fill up a gap in French research which so far has rather specialized in studies about French POW's ans STO. The present work is essentially based on unpublished sources of Heidelberg's municipal record office as well as on testimonies of former deported civilians from Eastern France who allow us to comprehend the daily life of some of these millions of foreigners
Diallo, Mamadou Yaya. "Les interactions sociales dans le milieu du travail : évidence du terrain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26946.
Full textGros, Julien. "Des classes populaires à la lisière du salariat : une analyse des bûcherons entre emploi, marché et stratification sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0103.
Full textWhereas most workers became salaried during the 20th century, lumberjacks have stayed on the margins of the wage system: in France, today, a lumberjack is usually a self-employed or piece-worker. The activity of lumberjacks thus highlights a theoretical tension: it is a manual job but it is practiced outside of the wage model. The goal of my thesis is to determine the conditions under which such a self-employed sector of the labor market can offer stability to working-class men in the working world. To this end, I conducted a localized analysis of forms of employment, market mechanisms and class relations from the point of view of both employers and workers. This research is based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected during a six-year long fieldwork in a French rural region. This mixed-method strategy offers an opportunity to reflect on the possibility of the quantitative analysis of ethnographic material. The thesis identifies the various forms of subcontracting and highlights the role of the "capital of autochtony" (capital d'autochtonie) in the segmentation of the labor market: the hardest work is outsourced via the import of (often foreign) workers, allowing some independent lumberjacks to achieve economically stable positions despite the insecurity of their status. This research examines the effects of the distance from the wage system on the social trajectories of working-class men: being a self-employed lumberjack enables them to capitalize on distinctive resources at a time when the local labor market offers little prospect of upward mobility. Thus, I show the interest there is to consider these effects as a result of market mechanisms as well as class relations in a localized social space
Bauvet, Sébastien. "L'emploi de l'insécurité : fonctions sociales et expériences professionnelles des travailleurs de la sécurité privée en France." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0085.
Full textFocusing on the joint analysis of security trends and the casualization of labor and employment, this thesis studies an increasingly visible but yet still little known professional group: private security workers. In exploring the symbolic and material construction of the group, it shows a paradox between rising power of the sector and the lack of recognition of employees. This is explained by the poor public perception of this type of position, and the consequences of outsourcing to maximize the economic and social benefit for employers and contractors to the detriment of job security and the valorization of the work of employees. There is also evidence that recruitment is essentially based on default orientation and the urgency of securing work. The prior experience of social ruptures and the conditions of "social insecurity" here feed a disposition to accept great responsibilities and to face "civil insecurity" : this is an essential aspect of the meaning of working in insecurity. Recruiting in the vulnerable categories of society (in terms of social and/or ethno-national background), the group does not tend to form workers' collectives. The struggle against uncertainty and the search for recognition occurs at the margins of the security ideology, through the mobilization of resources acquired in previous employment or education. Thus, the plasticity of the manner in which the private security workers' group handles its functions corresponds to the implicit features of the intensification of societies of control
Cavagnoud, Robin. "LES ADOLESCENTS TRAVAILLEURS DE LIMA ENTRE ÉCOLE ET STRATÉGIES DE SURVIE." Phd thesis, Paris 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628272.
Full textBeaulieu, Valérie. "Les conditions de travail et la protection sociale des travailleurs vulnérables : le cas des responsables d'un service de garde en milieu familial." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28522/28522.pdf.
Full textKornig, Cathel. "La fidélisation des intérimaires permanents : une stabiblité négociée." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0070.
Full textTemporary work appeared in France in the 1950s and developed in an exponential manner. In its establishment in a French setting, this type of employment is characterized as the 'epitime of precariousness'. 'Temporary' workers compound instability with relation to work, to career and to employer. However, 20 % of temporary employees wish to remain in temporary employment. Why does this minority choose precariousness ? The analysis of the interaction between the strategies of employers and the working conditions of temporary employees highlights a differential management of interim employees. Two types coexist : mass intern employees and individualized interim employees. The interests of companies and permanent temporary employees forge a particular employment relationship which makes it possible to explain this choice by the interim employee and to reconsider the bond hitherto established between precariousness of employment and short term contracts
Remillet, Gilles. "Le travail dans une fonderie gardoise : une étude d'anthropologie filmique." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100052.
Full textFilmic anthropological investigation (2000-2002) was aimed to the study of process of worker cooperation in a steel foundry in the gard, “Tamaris indsutries”. As a main tool of research, the film has allowed to account, not only for the matérial processes, but also for the rules, norms and values that underlain man at work actions. The combinaison betwen three elementary clues – the objet, the agent, the place – associated to different settings permitted to apprehend the sensible forms of cooperation at work as well as the indications connected with the norms ruling working relations. In other words, film analyse invite to think the indissociability of practices and working norms. The film in four parts, Tamaris' workers (2006) was produced in the main factory workrooms
Jung, Thomas. "L'identité professionnelle des chargés de maintien du Cap Emploi. Les conditions du maintien en emploi des "travailleurs handicapés" en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0095.
Full textThe aim of this interactionist doctoral research project is to study the job retention conditions of "disabled workers" in an "ordinary environment". In France, disabled workers and their employers can benefit from institutional support coordinated by the job retention officer of the Cap Emploi network. This support consists of making reasonable accomodation to help "disabled workers" with medical restriction in work. The interviews and observations conducted in this research make it possible to qualify the professional identity of the people in charge of job retention so as to demonstrate the conditions of application of a sectoral reference supposed to describe a socio-environmental perception of disability and compensation. First of all, those job retention officer have identities structured by the definition of their mandate that two institutions with diverging interests are trying to apply to them : AGEFIPH and CHEOPS. However, despite their competing roles as "project coordinator" and "work analysts", this job retention officer are above all committed to an ethic of care. As such, they position themselves as insiders at the interface between the needs expressed by "disabled workers" and their employers. These Cap Emploi professionals are therefore able to create the conditions for a negotiated order to guide interactions between employers / "disabled workers", occupational physicians and integration funds on what constitutes the reasonable nature of the adjustments to be implemented and subsidised. However, this negotiated order reflects the power stakes within companies. Becoming a "disabled worker" and having one's workstation adapted in this way illustrates above all how employees who develop a health problem during the course of their employment have to deal with the systemic stigmatisation that accompanies this transition in identity
Martine, Julien. "La gestion des travailleurs seniors dans les économies matures : une étude approfondie des pratiques développées par les entreprises japonaises." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2002.
Full textMaintaining the employment of older employees poses a major challenge for most companies, in particular those in developed countries experiencing an ageing demography. This issue leads us firstly, to question the management practices favoring the preservation of this category of employees in activity and secondly, to investigate these practices in order to understand the underlying logic which inspires employers in their management of an ageing work force. We have conducted an exploratory study of 27 Japanese companies recognized within their country for their initiatives associated with the employment of older staff members. These comparative case studies have allowed us to identify the practices developed by these businesses and have initiated the proposal of a model which brings to light their determining factors. The results of this research demonstrate the pivotal influences which the characteristics of companies exert in relation to their management practices
Arnaud, Patrice. "Les travailleurs civils français en Allemagne pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale (1940-1945) : travail, vie quotidienne, accommodement, résistance et répression." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010678.
Full textPilmis, Olivier. "L'organisation de marchés incertains : sociologie économique des mondes de la pige et de l'art dramatique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0110.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine market organization processes in a context of high-Ievel uncertainty and ambiguities on the nature of exchanged goods. Such "uncertain" markets are said to have brought the idealtype of fordist labor exchange to an end and replaced it by brief and fleeting relations with multiple employers. The cases of French "intermittent" actors and free-lance journalists are here investigated in order to question this hypothesis. Economic sociology provides tools to carry out the analysis of these professional worlds. Eventually, the examination of markets through the lens of exchange relationships is proved relevant. These relations first reflect market structures. The attempts to perform their social constructions, with various outcomes in these worlds, reveals patterns of segmentation-related market organizations. Temporalities of exchange relations may also be understood with reference to the position employers hold in a system of linked markets and to the degree of confusion regarding the nature of exchanged goods -either labour or products. Exchange relations also shape markets. Especially, uncertain markets host at least two relations regimes and the more individuals are committed in recurrent relationships, the more competitive constraints loosen: predictability and organizations are then brought into individual activity. By blurring the boundaries between organizations and markets and making their structure more complex, the existence of such an expected relations regime also raises questions about the very market structures and complicates the design of market segmentation
Rosini, Philippe. "Temporaires en permanence : Une ethnologie du travail intérimaire "non-qualifié"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3009/document.
Full textTemporary work is a way of using the workforce which allows companies to hire and repeal the labour with ease. This thesis reports the social condition of the "unskilled" temporary workers. The ethnological investigation took place over several years through a participative observation, as a temporary worker, within various companies. The reflection belongs to the field of the ethnology of work. The analysis is based on the examination of the working conditions, by paying a particular attention on techniques, by questioning the know-how and their transmission, as well as by observing tools and the more or less incomplete knowledge given to temporary workers by the user companies. This thesis also describes the paths they can follow in the production units; from their sidelining to their inclusion in the work collectives. All these dimensions are crossed and directed by the temporary nature of this type of hiring. Every time a mission ends and every time another one begins, temporary employees have to build other relationships, find other habits and operate new techniques, just as temporary and uncertain, thus losing recent barely integrated automatisms. The specific know-how and the practical adaptations which they develop in front of this situation of indecision are examined in this thesis. It also seems that the productive and subjective mobilization of the temporary workers depends on the potential duration of their missions. This contractual vulnerability has diverse effects depending on the aspirations of each employee and their use of temporary work. Without control over one's timetable and one's future it is the whole social integration process which is affected
Said, Wais Ilyas. "L'ambivalente libéralisation du droit du travail en République de Djibouti." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0181.
Full textUpon gaining independence, The Republic of Djibouti, as is the case with most of former colonies, renew the labour law implemented during the colonial period. For Djiboutian authorities, it is a matter of preserving a regulation which is the exclusive tool for managing working relations. This situation which is marked by the lack of a normative creativity, only peculiar to Africa, has lasted for half of a century and went on up until the 90’s during which the country witnessed a financial and economic crisis. Beset with this crisis, the Djiboutian state turned to the international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank) which impel it to disentangle from social and economic life. The reform of labour law which began in 1997 and materialized by the adoption of the new Labour Code of 2006 is truly a part of this approach.Despite the liberal offensive, the new modification which is currently under way is characterized by the remarkable persistence of heteronomy and a relative yet significant contractualization of the legal framework of working relations. With regards to the working conditions, the state standards derived from former legislation are mostly renewed to not only ensure the hygiene and the security at the work place but to limit and organize the working time. However, regarding the setting of remunerations, the liberal reform leads to a large deregulation.Up to this day, the reform has not fulfilled its liberal purpose. It has failed to result in decrease of public power. However, there is no doubt that there has been a shift from the exclusive recourse to terms and conditions of employment, work, and remuneration to the possibility of intervention, to varying degrees and according to the matters, of individual contracts as well as the conventions and collective agreements
Bruno, Anne-Sophie. "César, Azzedine, Zouiza et les autres : Marchés du travail et trajectoires sociales des migrants de Tunisie en région parisienne (de 1956 à nos jours)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS025S.
Full textMigrants from Tunisia are an exceptional laboratory for understanding socio-economical integration to the parisian labor market during the second 20th century. The labor market segmentation approach provides a useful framework for analysing the issue of gender and nationality differences in occupational mobility, in the context of a tri-partite segment structure-the small firm's segment being added to the primary and secondary segments. Based on a statistical analysis of 421 retirements records, this dissertation underlines the interest of using matched employee-employer surveys. Labor market's heterogeneity reveals coexistence of different modes of wages relations, which create important wages and mobility differentials. Crossing postcolonial migrations, labor market economics and occupational mobility, this study examines interactions between the construction of social identities and construction of a segmented labor market. It suggests an historical apporach for understanding the functioning of the parisian labor market after 1956, considering the effects of the 1970's crisis on national and non national migrants' trajectories
Colin, Rémi. "Facteurs psychosociaux et économiques en milieu professionnel à l'heure de la médecine 4P : évolution longitudinale et prédictive du comportement des travailleurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0028.
Full textHealth encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being, transcending the absence of disease. This multidimensional vision of health underlines the importance of long-term monitoring of individual health. Social well-being, or more broadly psychosocial well-being, associated with quality of life at work (QWL), is essential to guarantee workers' health. Psychosocial risks (PSR) refer to work-related factors that can influence the health and well-being of individuals. PSR can have serious consequences for workers' health, leading to problems such as depression or burnout, but also for business productivity, resulting in substantial economic losses. Employers can fight against these risks by assessing RPS in the workplace and implementing preventive actions with employee involvement, as recommended by P4 medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized and participative). Wittyfit, the platform dedicated to improving QWL, enables employers and employees to meet these challenges. The emergence of new technologies has revolutionized occupational health, enabling more personalized healthcare through the collection and analysis of real-world data. This data includes a variety of information on individual health that is essential for assessing workers' well-being, identifying the risks to which they are exposed, and tracking changes in their health status. However, the analysis of real-world occupational health data is complex due to its longitudinal nature, the presence of natural clusters of data, and missing data. This thesis focuses on the analysis of occupational health data to improve QWL and worker well-being. The main hypothesis is that the study of these data enables the identification of psychosocial and economic factors in the workplace. The medico-economic issues concern the evaluation of PSR, the identification of risk factors, and the study of their consequences on company performance, with a focus on absenteeism. Statistical issues concern the development and application of complex statistical models to meet the methodological challenges of occupational health data analysis
Jay, Mathieu. "Étude des facteurs psychosociaux permettant de prédire le turnover volontaire et l’engagement au travail des travailleurs saisonniers : étude en station de sports d’hiver." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC013/document.
Full textOur research focuses on seasonal workers in ski resorts in winter. Little research has been done in this area.. Yet seasonal workers in stations are numerous (400 000) (Aboubadra-Pauly et al.,2016) and are exposed to specific stressors (job insecurity, isolation, climate, accommodation, social invisibility, etc.) which often lead them to abandon their workstation. Dropping out can be perceived as a failure that can lead to situations of insecurity, loss of social connection and low self-esteem. Workers abandoning their posts also have significant economic consequences for companies. It is thus necessary to study, in a forward-looking approach, the personal factors (personality, age, family situation), context (accomodation, job, pay, etc.) and psychosocialfactors (psychological demands, decisional latitude, social support, Person-Organization fit (PO fit), job satisfaction) predicting a good adjustment to seasonal occupations. Our adjustment indicators are : voluntary turnover (during the season) and engagement at work (measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale). One hundred and sixty-one subjects were evaluated 3 times (before, during, and at the end of the season). The results show that the personality ofseasonal workers (according to Big Five taxonomy) has little influence on turnover and the engagement scale. We also highlight the mediating effect of job satisfaction between the PO Fit and turnover. Furthermore, we find direct links between professional stressors, instruction adequacy, responsibilities, wage, accomodation, work experience, coping strategies, PO Fit and work engagement. The links between our two criteria (commitment and voluntary turnover) arealso studied. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed
Prévost, Christophe. "La culture professionnelle des travailleurs en accueil touristique : une étude du Vieux-Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33982.
Full textFew sociological studies have focused on tourism workers, who are at the forefront of welcoming tourists and key elements of the tourism experience. This can be explained by the difficulty of apprehending a professional sector composed of a myriad of jobs without apparent links between them. The sociology of professions, through the notion of professional culture, nevertheless allows us to go beyond this exploded vision of employment in tourism, and to seek the existence of common traits for all these workers. By analyzing the commitment of workers in tourism hospitality, as well as their relationship to tourists and the tourist site as key elements of this culture, this thesis aims to apprehend the experience of tourism work as a homogeneous whole, without consideration for tourism jobs taken independently. Analysis of the speeches made by fifteen workers in the tourism hospitality in the Old Québec heritage site revealed the existence of a common professional culture, and therefore of a professional group of tourism workers. Despite varying levels of commitment and career paths, most tourism workers share knowledge of local place, culture, and history. Mobilized in acts of hospitality highlighting the hospitable nature of the service relationship in tourism, the goal of this knowledge is to offer an original and unique tourism experience to visitors, regardless of the type of job occupied. Another common point, the touristic place is the subject of a common representation, as a place of work and that of a product to be sold, which prevents from making use of it other than professional. Without being exhaustive, these common points make it possible to approach tourism workers as a homogeneous occupational group, linked by the same professional reality and the same culture, despite disparate jobs.
Aknin, Audrey. "Gestion des risques et migration dans les pays en développement : une mise en perspective de la nouvelle économie des migrations de travail." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0007.
Full textOur thesis consists in a theoretical appraisal of the new economics of labour migration. In a first part, we found the main contributions of this approach to the economic analysis of internal migrations in developing countries. We set out how, on the ground of the failures of preceding theories, the new economics of labour migration gives new insight into the decision of migration; taking into account the risky and family features of rural economic activities. We demonstrate that migration is undertaken in order to diversify sources of income within the family, using a portfolio analysis approach. In a second part, we go deeper into the insurance contract on which migration is based, and examine the relevance of neo-institutionnalism as regards internal migrations in developing countries. In a context of state and insurance markets failure, we expose the contractual dimension of the new economics of labour migration and state that this theory is limited regarding family. Hence, we show that the peasant family is not only a community organisation of contractual management, but also a structure producing rules of migratory behaviour. Migration becoming an institution, we define the limits of the new economics of labour migration and neo-institutional economics when addressing collective and cognitive dimensions of community institutions in developing countries
Ballesteros, Leiva Felix. "Une étude des relations entre l'articulation travail-famille et le bien-être des travailleurs en mobilité à l'international." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G013.
Full textAs a result of the globalization of business and the many demographic changes, more and more professionals are working abroad on their own initiative or, to achieve a mandate within a branch of their company located abroad. The objective of this research is to study the concept of the foreign workers well-being. We associated this concept with two theoretical currents refereeing to the subjective well-being and the psychological well-being. The subjective well-being refers to the assessment made by the workers about the conditions and characteristics of the environment. The psychological well-being refers to the extent to which the individual feels good with himself and the consistency of his life project with its values and life goals. Taking into account that working in a foreign context can affect both the professional and personal lives of the individual, often affecting the couple and family, in this study we aim to examine the impacts of work-family conflict and enrichment experienced by workers (that are) in international mobility. Our research also allows us to explore how the work-family articulation (both by perceptions of conflict and enrichment) of workers in international mobility can be explained by three major determinants: social support, self-esteem and cultural intelligence. The study was conducted among 284 workers in international mobility that was living and working in different countries. After multiple analyzes, our results confirm the importance for these workers in international mobility to feel no work-family conflict, but to perceive work-family enrichment in order to experience more well-being. Moreover, our results show that work-family conflict is negatively related to both types of well-being assessed, while the work-family enrichment is only related to subjective well-being. Our results also highlight the negative links between on the one hand, the support offered by the organization and the family with the feeling of self-esteem and on the other, with work-family conflict experienced by workers in international mobility. It also appears that support from co-workers has a positive effect on work-family enrichment experienced and expressed by workers in international mobility. This thesis concludes on the implications of its results for research and practice. Finally, limitations and vision statement for the future research are explained
Bouchareb, Rachid. "Statut au travail infériorisé et conflictualité salariale: des employé-e-s de boutiques en France en Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210604.
Full textTitre en Anglais
Inferiorized work status and “salarial” conflict. Store employees in France and Belgium
RESUMÉ DE LA THÈSE EN ANGLAIS
Our dissertation aimed at showing the links between the strengthening of the establishment of hierarchy at work and the modes of resistance to a subaltern status. We studied a constantly renewing working space in France and Belgium: retail trade stores (ready-to-wear). Sociology works on the increasing lack of job security rarely investigated the work relations in these particular types of structures, in which the limited number of employees is a deciding characteristic, in particular young women. The passage from an independent trade to a rationalized « mass stores » trade lead to a transformation of the framing conditions. There has been a change from the small boss to the salaried manager. This new and invisible relation to the employer leads to a renewal of the modes of domination now based more on the market competition justifying a temporal and space flexibility, and permanent. The comparative observation of the situations of employees in France and Belgium allowed us to shed light on shared social processes of resistance to the store discipline, which take different shapes depending on the experience and the modes of reciprocal exchange at work. The development of the conflict process ensues from two dynamics of socialization ;one is an individual one that leads to a capacity to claim rights ;and one is an intersubjective, producing a representation of possible social act to the precarious status.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Brosius, Jacques. "Les écarts de taux de salaire entre salariés résidents et transfrontaliers : mesure, causes et conséquences : application au luxembourg." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20013.
Full textBerretima, Abdel-Halim. "L'accident du travail et ses effets sur les trajectoires socioprofessionnelles des travailleurs immigrés maghrébins : le cas du BTP en France." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0165.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the industrial accidents and its effects on the social-professional trajectories of North-African immigrants workers in the construction branch industry (BTP) in France. Victims of the Industrial accidents, thèse workers, culturally and ethnically discriminated, are confronted with employers conflicts on the one hand, and institutional actors in charge of their allowance health and professional reinsertion, on the other. Part of this conflict-ridden interaction involves the institution's objective of evaluating their workforce integrity and their good gênerai and psychological health state. When their career is modifieted or interrupted due to a more or less serious health problem, thèse immigrants are temporarily or definitively set down from workforce. From that point, the sudden eut in their professional career provokes a reorganization of their families whose members have to deal with the fallout of the new social reality generated by the physical incapacity. The spouses and children get involved through individual or collective actions to counter the risk factors of group family's exclusion and insecurity. In addition to family members who assume new rôles and status following the break-up of the patriarchal model of immigrant North-African family in France, measures for subsidising and providing social support have revealed the limits of the institutionnal actors rôle, who in some cases manifest discriminatory practices toward thèse workers and their families struggling for a place, a participative membership of the global society
Léonard, Dimitri. "L'action publique face à ses destinataires :usages, stratégies et tensions autour d'un instrument en faveur du maintien en emploi des "travailleurs âgés"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/267462.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Lisi, Laura de. "Les déterminants du travail des enfants en Côte d'Ivoire de 1985 à 2002 : exploitation, pauvreté, ou déséquilibres institutionnels ? : des formes multiples de dépendance." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0037.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to deepen the analysis of child labor determinants in Ivory Coast (1985-2002), from various theoretical and methodological points of view. The dissertation is structured in four parts. The first part shows the difficulty of defining child labor. Using statistical data, I describe the labor conditions to which children are exposed in plantations. The second part explores familial determinants of child labor. I examine interactions between child labor and adult labor and I find a very strong complementarity between economic activity of the child and his mother’s work in rural areas. The third part further investigates the nature of the connections between women and children's destiny, through the contribution of anthropological data. The last part examines how institutions impact on the children well-being. This dissertation leads to the conclusion that neither the households’ economic poverty nor the systematic exploitation of the children workforce suffice to explain child labor in Ivory Coast. While the responsibility of poverty is indisputable, multiple dimensions have to be considered (economic, social, access to fundamental rights. . . ). Institutional arrangements are also crucial (coordination failure due to legal pluralism, adult labor markets segmentation…), and can, sometimes indirectly, affect the children well-being
Barranco, i. Font Oriol. "La Cara oculta del hipermercado : consentimiento y resistencia laborales de los proletarios y proletarias de un hipermercado." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0014.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyses proletarians' labour consent and resistance at a Spanish hypermarket. Concretely, the thesis is a case study about consent, resistance, legitimation and disagreement that proletarians from a hypermarket develop when faced with the hypermarket's enterprise regime on one hand, and the Spanish labour market and social protection regimes on the other hand. I identify proletarians as the "execution workers": employees without any command responsibility, who represent 90% of the staff in the hypermarket
Aunis, Émilie. "D'improbables ouvriers ? Les ouvriers d'industrie poitevins, entre dissolution et recomposition des collectifs." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5002.
Full textThe industrial workers - widely studied by sociology then gradually abandoned in favor of other categories of wage labor - deserve that we look at them again. On the one hand because the transformations of the industrial world and recurrent factory closings have an impact on the ways of being at work. On the other hand, because they have long been observed in industrial bastions. But the Poitiers conurbation has the specificity to be largely under- industrialized. The singularity of Poitiers workers deserves to be raised in terms of the appreciation of the work and in terms of collective action. The research focused on four factories locally based : Michelin, Sagem, Saft, Schneider Electric. The factory is a workplace which plays a part in socialization, she build ways of being and doing of his workers so being a worker at Michelin is not quite the same as to be a worker at Schneider, the Saft or Sagem. here are other dividing lines : weakening collective in terms of changes in the organization of work, generational cleavages, differentiated labor and employment concerns. The erosion of collective has the effect of making mobilizations improbable. Yet they emerge here and there, taking different forms in different contexts. And it really seems that the growing context of insecurity can against all expectations revive mobilizations in specific configurations. Is the worker of Poitiers a protest worker or an ordinary employee ?
Girard, Marie-Pier. "À la recherche de l'«intérêt supérieur» des enfants qui travaillent à la collecte et au tri des ordures : pauvreté, inégalités sociales et idéologie globalisée de l'enfance à Las Lomas de Carabayllo (Lima, Pérou)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29098/29098.pdf.
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