Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travail des femmes – Politique publique – Europe'
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Birouk, Ghania. "L'égalité professionnelle dans le transport routier de voyageurs : un impossible équilibre ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAA027.
Full textThe implementation of gender equality at work in companies has been driven for more than 50 years by regulatory, legislative and contractual changes, either specific to equality between women and men, or in a more general framework of non-discrimination.There is no doubt that we are still far from an optimal enforcement of "equality" between women and men, as this concept is such a cause of controversy and fluctuations. However, questions remain, especially in the work area.Within the frame of this thesis, the study will focus on collective bargaining for gender equality at work in road passenger transport companies. This work aims at identifying the obstacles between the obligation for women to negotiate in this area and the difficulties in owning this topic as a means of negotiation. The uniqueness of this sector of activity and the few studies carried out in this particularly area motivated our approach
Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina Laurent Thierry. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0002.pdf.
Full textHerman, Elisa. "Féminisme, travail social et politique publique : lutter contre les violences conjugales." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0121.
Full textThis research focuses on how the public policy against domestic violence has been set up, how it has evolved, and how it is currently implemented. Using a sociohistorical approach, I did an ethnography of some of the feminist non-profit organizations wich provide victims of domestic violence and their children with counseling and accommodation, and I did interviews with professionals of government institutions in order to understand how public action has been dealing with the issue of domestic violence. Framed as intolerable at the end of the second wave feminist movement, domestic violence became a feminist cause wich is now supported by professional and institutional associations. Thanks to the production of a body of scientific knowledge and its practical translation by state feminism, this cause has become legitimate and was put on the poltitical agenda. Analyzing the activist careers of the organizations' founders helps to understand the organizational decisions they made, as well as the reasons why they moved into the social work sector. A new group of professionals came into being, and it was made of three types of activist workers. Their professional training and socialization participate in shaping a feminist professional group, differing from social workers in their practice as well as in their framing of domestic violence. The way laws and judicial practice has evolved, professional controversies and the new public management of public policies, this research seeks to make feminist professional practice visible
Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0002/document.
Full textDuring the transition to market economy and the accession to the EU Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed remarkable changes in the structure and functioning of national economies. This thesis aims to assess the development of aggregate and regional labour markets in new EU member states through this eventful period and to investigate the role of active labour market policy in moderating the consequences of transitional shock and improving the performance of the labour market. The analysis of the process of worker-firm matching in Latvia, Slovenia and Estonia reveals that in transition - EU accession context the hiring process is labour demand driven and displays the existence of stock-flow patterns and spatial spillovers. The effects of ALMP programs are confirmed to be positive at both macroeconomic and individual levels: involvement of unemployed in training increases aggregate outflows from unemployment to jobs and increases individual employability of participants
Rémy, Véronique. "L' efficacité des politiques actives de l'emploi : une analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010045.
Full textFrotiée, Brigitte. "Espagne, de la politique familialiste à l'égalité professionnelle : la nouvelle configuration état-marché-famille." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010557.
Full textJacquot, Sophie. "L'action publique communautaire et ses instruments : la politique d'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes à l'épreuve du gender mainstreaming." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5407.
Full textUntil the 1990s, the European gender equality policy has been characterized by an ‘exception model’: women are considered as a special group; Community action is mainly regulatory and limited to the employment sphere; the gender equality policy community is restricted and committed to its cause; there are few but strongly-connected institutional structures. Since the 1990s, the European gender equality policy has been undergoing a process of change: the mechanisms have been progressive but the results have been of major significance. The change has been systematized and precipitated by gender mainstreaming (art. 3. 2. TEC) and the European gender regime has been profoundly disrupted. A new ‘anti-discrimination model’ can be observed: the women category is treated along with other social groups; soft law prevails and concerns all the EU’s fields of action; actors and institutions are numerous and diverse. The tension between the equality norm and the market norm which is specific to this policy has also undergone a change of nature: the two were complementary within the limit of equality in a market order while equality is now made instrumental so as to serve the market. This change of policy is revealed by a systematic tracing of the emergence, institutionalisation and implementation of gender mainstreaming and by the analysis of the interaction between instruments and actors. As a trans-sector and soft instrument, the study of gender mainstreaming also helps to enlighten some of the transformations of the European public action and governance (reflexivity, shift of constraint, civil society mobilization and participation control)
Marbot, Claire. "Les services à la personne en France : étude descriptive et trois évaluations de politique publique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0028.
Full textThis thesis provides a descriptive study and three essays on public policy evaluation about household services. The first chapter describes the main characteristics of household services workers and of households who use these services and their evolution. After a review of the available data, we study in particular the workers' plurality of jobs, the evolution of the use of in-home services “on the black market” and female activity in households who use these services. The two following chapters aim at evaluating the effect of two tax programs on the use of affected households : the implementation of the tax reduction in 1991 and the 2007 reform which partially turned it into a tax credit. The last chapter examines the effect on mothers‘ activity of a rise in childcare subsidies, which was implemented in France in 2004 as a part of the so-called “PAJ E” reform. To conduct these public policy evaluations wich use survey data and tax data, we rely on the econometric methods of “matching” and “difference-in-differences”, along with a combination of these two methods
Chevalier, Tom. "L'Etat social et les jeunes en Europe : analyse comparée des politiques de citoyenneté socioéconomique des jeunes." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0040.
Full textThis dissertation proposed a typology that accounts for the diversity of public policies promoting young people’s independence, i.e. what I call ‘youth welfare citizenship’, in Europe. This typology is built around two dimensions. The first dimension relates to public intervention on the school-to-work transition in order to promote the access to employment for young people, through the education policy and the employment policy: this is the issue of youth economic citizenship. It can be encompassing, when a country is strongly macrocorporatist, or selective, when it is not, according to the distribution of skills among the youth population. The second dimension has to do with public aids from the state towards young people: this is the issue of youth social citizenship. It can be familialized in Bismarckian welfare states, where young people are seen as children, or it can be individualized in Beveridgian welfare states, where young people are deemed to be adults. Combining these two dimensions, we end up with four regimes of youth welfare citizenship: an enabling citizenship (inclusive/individualized), a monitored citizenship (inclusive/familialized), a second-class citizenship (selective/individualized), and a denied citizenship (selective/familialized). In the first empirical part, I classify 15 western European countries into the typology by building two synthetic indices of youth economic citizenship and youth social citizenship. Then, in the second empirical part, I proceed to four case studies, each representing a regime of the typology: Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France
Charbonnel, Jean-Michel. "Vers la convergence des modèles sociaux en Europe ? : éléments pour une analyse comparative de l'évolution des formes et des logiques des sociétés providentielles face aux mutations de l'emploi et à la résurgence de la pauvreté." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat35288m.
Full textDelage, Pauline. "Violence conjugale / domestic violence : sociologie comparée d'une cause féministe (France / États-Unis, 1970-2013)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0116.
Full textThis dissertation compares how feminist movements from the 1970s onward were successful in establishing domestic violence as a social problem both in France and the United States. Understanding the problematization of domestic violence requires analyzing the practices and representations of women working within specialized associations as well as the institutional and professional opportunities they took advantage of in order to have their cause recognized. Ethnographic participant observation was therefore carried out primarily in the Paris region and in Los Angeles County, which allowed for an analysis of the care and support for women victims in specialized associations that emerged from the feminist movements of the 1970s. Located at the intersection of activist, institutional, and professional spaces, the actions of these associations, as well as the frameworks they develop to conceptualize domestic violence, are shaped by issues specific to each national context. By distinguishing and examining multiple analytical levels, the comparative methodology employed here sheds light on the roots of a cause’s legitimation and its changes over time, as well as on the tensions created when feminist analyses of social problems are put into practice. This analysis shows how a problem related to gender is elaborated and transformed by professional and institutional logics
Rozario, Pascale de. "Le mandat d'intégrer les jeunes en Europe : confrontation de cultures : le FSE en Finlande, en Italie et France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0016.
Full textWhatever the systems be, 14 millions of young people would leave the initial training systems with no perspectives in terms of employment or study. In the 1990's, European Commission made this severe report while both endorsing a traditional welfare state mandate and convening national experts in order to identify the best integration practices. From 1994 to 1999, the European Social Fund policy challenged the member states on the ways they deal with a fundamental dilemma of social organization : how integrating young generations managing at the same time the structural tension that exists between social order and personal freedom ? Analyzing the social uses of this policy implies to deal with several theorical and opertional questions described through four levels of reception. Did national institutions used these funds to reform, to reinforce or to delegate this public mandate ? What kind of expert ressources the actors to whose this mandate to integrate young people is delegated did used during this programming ? What evaluation criteria have been selected ? Can we identify different cultures of this mandate for integration which characterize specific ways of treating the adressed dilemma ? Results show that these cultures are working with different major reasons that influence all the imagined solutions. To integrate someones goes through a professionnal project in France ; the participation to a social network in Italy and the restoration of a positive relationship to oneself and the society in Finland. These cultural comparisons will approach comparative methods in the light of better linking macro phenomenons (policy, institutions) to micro ones (experts, territories)
Eliseeva, Anna. "Lost in transition : how can emerging economies leverage gender equality for economic transition ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E019.
Full textThe thesis addresses the links between women's empowerment and economic transition. It examines the ways in which more women working in the public and private sectors could address the persistent problems of transition and emerging economies, such as poor human capital base and low levels of productivity and innovation. The thesis has three chapters which build on the economic models of gender equality and transition. The first chapter explores the relationship between the gender composition of a firm and the firm's involvement in innovation activities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The second chapter extends the analysis of firm performance, and investigates whether SMEs owned by women perform differently from SMEs owned by men in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Russia. In particular, the chapter examines activities which enhance firm competitiveness: acquisition of business development services and investment in on-the-job training. Finally, in the last chapter, I examine the relationship between the number of women in state legislative assemblies in lndia and better family outcomes for women as measured by age at first marriage and childbearing. Throughout the three chapters, I conclude that an increasing participation of women at all levels in the private and public sectors is positively associated with better firm-level and individual outcomes
Montouroy, Yves. "Enjeux forestiers globalisés et territoires : les acteurs européens face à la régulation politique multiscalaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40034/document.
Full textThis work aims at contributing to the study of the European Union and International Relations. Through analyzing the regulation of forest-based industries and the globalization of forest issues, the aim is to identify how both have been constructed as a European public problem. This is implemented around a central hypothesis: forest territories are institutionalized by actors who participate in its regulation. In order to ascertain the ability of actors to move between scales of regulation, the thesis is grounded on theoretical tools derived from the Theories of international relations and Public policy analysis. After a first part dedicated to defining this approach, a second is presents three case studies of European public policy (forest protection against fire, t renewable energy and actions to counter the trade of illegal wood). In sum, each one shows the ability of actors to territorialize a globalized forest issue
Lopez-Avila, Diana. "Three Essays on Children Well Being, Women Empowerment and Social Programs." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0046.
Full textSeveral social programs have been implemented in developing countries with the aim of improving children's and women's well-being. Despite the existing evidence on the impact of these programs, there are still some knowledge gaps where this thesis aims to fill. First, programs such as Conditional Cash Transfers have been effective at increasing school attendance, but do not necessarily at achieving a large reduction on child labor. This thesis shows that the relative price of mothers and children labor is crucial to observe a reduction in child labor, due to the program. Children's working time is going to largely decrease in cases where mother's labor time is less expensive as compared to children's. Second, the evaluation of programs targeted to early childhood has been largely focused on nutrition, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, leaving aside parenting outcomes. Evidence found in this thesis shows that early childhood interventions impact parenting practices, particularly how children are disciplined. Parents of children who are largely exposed to these interventions use less physical violence as a way to discipline their children. Finally, women's empowerment plays a key role as an outcome and as a channel in the evaluation of these interventions. However, we lack information on how to approach and assess women's empowerment. This thesis shows that social capital seems to better capture women's bargaining power, as compared to traditional dimensions, such as participation in household decisions. This later analysis is done to understand the relation between women's empowerment and domestic violence
Maire, Sarah. "Science et politique des "soft skills" de l'éducation à l'emploi : sociologie d'un nouveau motif cognitif international." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG049.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the relationships between science and policy through the emergence of the new concept of “soft skills”. Examining how this cognitive motive is built and disseminated at a global level over the last decade, this research shows the essential roles played by experts and international organizations, as well as by entrepreneurs and private networks. These circulations lead to a gradual convergence of actors upon a shared reasoning in the field of education and employment policies. Conducted in France, the second part of the research shows how these dynamics fit in the context of public policies’ reconfigurations. New frames emerge, tightly linked to the growing influence of new actors coming from the fields of philanthropy and social entrepreneurship. Nested in the promotion of human capital and the knowledge economy, justified by the European strategy of lifelong learning and social investment, and by corporate social responsibility claimed by companies, soft skills are growingly promoted. This leads to a gradual hybridization of policies and their actors, studied in the last part of the research which based upon study cases of educational programs
Bruneau, Aurélie. "Apprendre le français, s'approprier, s'intégrer au féminin dans le Val-de-Marne : Enjeux éthiques, politiques et institutionnels." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2025/document.
Full textThis PhD, written while working at the Departemental council for Val-de-Marne (CIFRE structure), offers a survey and reflexion on the place given to learning French by migrant women, with complex insertion histories, within a training program of French as a professional language. This program has been initiated and supported by the Department, for which the PhD candidate was project manager. This research raises the question of the place and role of French language in the integrative vision of foreigners by the French State, but also by migrating persons themselves. In the same time, the missions accomplished at CIFRE have allowed to shed the light on a linguistic management and development that appears to be both implicit and territorialized. This research, rooted in the fields of didactics of languages and sociolinguistic, has been developed from a comprehensive and an interpretative epistemological orientation, informed by the hermeneutical points of view, questioning all together the notions of history, experience and projection (of the witnesses, as well as the researcher)