Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travail de préparation'
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Chabanel-Kahlik, Léa. "Connaissance et reconnaissance du travail de préparation des professeur·es des écoles en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSHS/2024/2024ULILH047.pdf.
Full textThis research focuses on preparation work of schoolteachers (ST) in France, a work that is generally little-known do date, both from the point of view of scientific research and our shared collective knowledge. By mobilizing an inductive research approach, critical realist grounded theory, we tackle this object at the intersection of three points of view: what the preparation work should be (these are the prescriptions), what it appears to be (these are the images), what it really is (these are the practices). During research that became longitudinal (from 2018 to 2022), we mobilized varied collection techniques (ranging from the study of official texts to the conduct of individual and collective interviews, including the study of speeches politicians via Twitter). Ultimately, we show that the preparation of STs, which is complex in reality, is essential to the implementation of a vision of education as it is currently prescribed; and, thus, that the work of ST is not as easy and obvious as it appears to be. It is carried out at arm's length mainly by women who, by choosing this profession, seek to fulfil themselves despite what this profession ultimately turns out to be for them, particularly difficult. Also, the non-recognition of ST preparation work in France does seem to lead to an insidious disengagement, which harms the quality of the work provided. Our research, in short, explains the discomfort of STs and opens up broader questions, between work and profession, knowledge and recognition
Lyphout-Spitz, Morgan. "Aux origines de la limitation centrale du traitement de l'information : représentation et préparation des tâches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCC040.
Full textIndividuals often encounter difficulties when they attempt to do several tasks at once. These difficulties have been attributed to limitations in the ability to process information. More specifically, a well-established constraint has been identified at the central level of information processing, that is the level of operations enabling adaptation. The literature reports the ubiquity of this central limitation. However, there exist exceptions: tasks that are very easy or highly practiced have sometimes permitted the diminution of dual-task difficulties. In this dissertation, we question the meaning of these exceptions: are they merely exceptions to the general rule of a central limitation or, on the contrary, do they reflect a more general phenomenon? Does the central limitation truly reflect the presence of a structural constraint inherent to cognitive architecture? A novel hypothesis this dissertation aims to develop, and test, is that of a central limitation considered from the angle of task preparation. This hypothesis gives an important place to the role of preparation which might enable the tasks representations to be more easily loaded into working memory and thus to be processed more automatically. To this end, in a first study, we examine the moderating role of ideomotor compatibility on the magnitude of dual-task interference. We developped different behavioral indicators and cognitive simulations, whose results converge in favor of the automaticity of ideomotor-compatible tasks. In a second study, we asked whether the automaticity is due to the specificity of the stimulus-response (S-R) association, or to the ease with which S-R associations can be preloaded in working memory. To do so, we created tasks that are very easy but non-ideomotor (semantic tasks) and tested their automaticity. The results converge in favor of the automaticity of semantic tasks. If automaticity is due to the ease of S-R associations preloading, as suggested by the two first studies of this dissertation, then tasks with truly arbitrary S-R associations can be processed automatically in conditions facilitating their loading into working memory; conditions boosting their preparation. This proposal led us to formulate a new hypothesis of dual-task interference: the preparation-neglect hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, a lack of preparation is the cause of dual-task interference. To test it, we carried out a third series of four experiments in which we used the same two nonpracticed arbitrary tasks through four conditions. The first condition consisted in performing only classic dual-task trials. The second condition aimed at optimizing the preparation of the task the most slowed down in a classic dual-task condition (i.e., Task 2), by introducing single-task trials on Task 2 randomly intermixed with dual-task trials. Two supplemental conditions aimed at confirming the key role of preparation. In accordance with prevailing theories, a central limitation was present in the classic dual-task conditions. But in the conditions boosting the preparation of Task 2, the central limitation disappeared in almost half of the participants. This result goes against the predictions of prevailing theories, but is in line with our novel hypothesis of preparation neglect. As a whole, the works of this thesis progressively enabled us to glimpse and validate the preparation-neglect hypothesis. This novel hypothesis of dual-task interference offers new perspectives on attention, whose functioning is primarily ruled by the ways individuals represents and prepare upcoming tasks and actions
Bouzid, Nabil. "Formation universitaire et préparation des étudiants à l'emploi : enquête à l'université de Constantine (Algérie)." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131019.
Full textThe present study is concerned with the evaluation of the efficiency of students preparation to employment in Algeria. Our preparatory work and our analysis of available research have allowed us to identify a "set of dimensions" which we have used as "principal axes" of our survey questionnaires. Within each of these dimensions we have specified the principal "strategies and activities" stated by the international actual research as necessary to be implemented by all university courses, which ever is the domain of study, in order to improve the efficiency of students preparation to a permanently changing labour market under the impact of the rapid scientific and technological evolution. The results of the study showed the inefficiency of the evaluated university courses in relation to their mission of students preparation to employment. Some proposals and suggestions were made in the light of the research main results
Alletto, Lionel. "Dynamique de l’eau et dissipation de l’isoxaflutole et du dicétonitrile en monoculture de maïs irrigué : effets du mode de travail du sol et de gestion de l’interculture." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3244/01/Th%C3%A8se_Lionel-Alletto.pdf.
Full textFalcoz, Christophe. "Gestion des cadres à potentiel et pratiques de segmentation : vers l'autonomie des grandes entreprises françaises dans la détection et la préparation de leurs dirigeants." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO33014.
Full textPrieur, Michèle. "La conception codisciplinaire de métaressources comme appui à l’évolution des connaissances des professeurs de sciences : les connaissances qui guident un travail de préparation pour engager les élèves dans l’élaboration d’hypothèses ou de conjectures." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1063/document.
Full textSciences curricula give nowadays an increasing place to enquiry based learning methods involving teachers of different disciplines. The implementation of such approaches supposes that teachers develop teaching situations that engage students in a process of elaborating hypotheses and conjectures. We articulate epistemological, didactical and ergonomic approaches in order to study the knowledge that allows teachers to design such learning situations. We make two crucial choices in this study : the choice of the design period, focusing on the time of learning situations design; the choice of the design context, focusing on a collective of teachers in mathematics, physics and sciences of life and Earth.We study within this group the interactions between teachers and their consequences, in term of evolution of knowledge, that allows teaching situations to develop. The interactions that the study focuses on are social interactions between teachers and interactions between teachers and shared resources within the group. The analysis of these interactions show evidence about the influence of two levers that concern the evolution of studied knowledge. The first is the conception of specific resources that we call metaresources: metaresources are resources that lean to a reflexive position regarding the activity itself or its effects. The second is the concept of co-disciplinarity as a form of collective work. Co-disciplinarity favours cooperation between disciplines, keeping and articulating each particular epistemology
Girardon, Stéphane. "Amélioration des performances mécaniques des assemblages bois sur bois vissés par préparation des interfaces : application à la réalisation d'éléments de structure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0188/document.
Full textPlank bonding connection is used to produce efficient structural timber. The bonding achieves excellent rigidity and connection resistance. However, these products are often pollutants and are incompatible with industrial production rates due to the pressing time. Their performances collapse when the adhesive connection is replaced by rodlike fasteners, such as nails, screws or wooden dowels, but these connections allow a quick assembly. In these assemblies the contact surfaces between planks are not used for transmitting loads. The purpose of this study is to point out how mechanical preparation of the interfaces improves the performance of timber connections. The aim is to produce structural members without volatile organic compounds (VOC), achievable by an industrial robot allowing for flexibility, and using mixed wood local species. The first part of this study consists in identifying and analyzing reconstituted wood systems, as well as showing how to conduct a design by taking into account the partial composite action of connectors. This part explains that the chosen behavior of the mechanical connections in reconstituted systems is frequently very imprecise and leads to significant differences in design. The second part describes a methodology to overcome this lack, developed from the nonlinear modeling of a beamtype component. This approach leads to determine the fastener's secant stiffness for an exact linear calculation for engineers. The outcome of this methodology is the quantification of the fastener's secant stiffness by a related behavior rather than a general normative behavior. Due to the flexibility of members, a third part presents a reflection on the use of the contact surfaces for transmitting loads. The plank interfaces were machined in order to obtain grooves. This binding allows the transmission of shear and torsion forces in the intersection plane of the planks. Maintaining the contact is managed by the development of a wooden conical screw. To validate these principles, test campaigns were carried out to measure the performance of the groove, the wooden conical screw and their simultaneous use. The last section deals with the implementation of the improved assembly in structural members in order to confirm its potential. The first element type is a castellated beams and the second one is a bracing wall. Experimental results are compared with numerical models including the nonlinear grooved screwed connection behavior. Furthermore, these full scale elements validate the feasibility by an industrial robot
Liu, Nian. "Sensibiliser les étudiants ingénieurs chinois au travail en équipe : réflexions autour de l'élaboraion d'un programme de Français sur Objectif Universitaire pour des étudiants en préparation à la mobilité académique en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2105.
Full textThis thesis reports on research conducted between 2015 and 2019 at the Southwest Jiaotong University in China and in the Group of French Central Schools, on the preparation of Chinese engineering students for academic mobility in France. Based on empirically identified needs, the decision was made to focus on work meetings, which play a major role in engineeringschools but are still absent from the educational materials published in FOU.Within the framework of French for University Objectives (FUO), this research is comprised of two inseparable stages. The first is fieldwork conducted during one year, which allowed us to analyze the issues, communicative situations, and discourses within the curriculum of a Central School in Lyon, and to collect large amounts of video data related to work meetings. The data analysis was held up to the theoretical framework of FUO, which was partly put into question regarding the possibility of using existing data collected in the field as training materials for FUO.The second stage is the elaboration of a FUO program aimed at meeting the linguistic training needs of Chinese engineering students in relation to group work and work meetings in the Central School. This program was created from the data collected during the first stage.This thesis includes a reflection on a key aspect of French for Specific Objectives (FSO) and FUO, namely the feasibility and the study of the institutional roadblocks to the effective implementation of innovative programs aimed at improving the mobility of certain students
Li, Haixiao. "Impact à long terme du travail du sol sur le cycle biogéochimique du phosphore : analyse de l'essai L'Acadie (Québec, Canada) et modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27564.
Full textThe no-till (NT) is gaining great attention for soil preparation. This practice modifies number of soil properties such as the distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil profile. This work aims to analyze the impacts on the biogeochemical P cycle after decades of NT and to incorporate those effects in an operational model. We used a long-term field experiment under corn-soybean rotation established on a clay loam soil (L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada). The design was a split-plot plan with 4 blocks under moldboard plough (MP) and NT as main plots, subdivided by 3 doses of P [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha⁻¹] applied in corn phase and localized to 5-cm deep and 5-cm from the corn row, as sub-plots. The phosphate ion concentration under MP was relatively constant (0.08 mg P L⁻¹) in the tilled layer (0-20 cm), slightly lower in 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L⁻¹) and much lower below (0.01 mg P L⁻¹). In [NT, 0.5P] and [NT, 1P] plots, Cp was higher (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L⁻¹) in the 0-10 cm layer compared to the tilled layer in MP, but decreased sharply with depth. This vertical stratification in NT was also observed for P-Olsen, P-M3 and other nutrients as C, N, and K. After 23- and 24-year of experimentation, maize roots tended to be fewer (-14%) under NT than MP, probably because of increased weed infestation under NT. For soybean, more roots accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer under NT (44% of total length) than MP (21%) and vice versa for the 10-20 cm layer. Those differences in root distribution under NT and MP corresponded to the stratification of N, P, and K. This data set on the distribution of roots and phosphorus was used i) to develop a 1D model describing P dynamics over several decades in MP, ii) to test a method to assess the spatial P uptake distribution according local root length density and soil P availability, and iii) to develop a spatial 2D model describing P dynamic in NT. This model simulates the soil P availability dynamic on long term according soil properties and crop root distribution within the soil profile for different soil preparation regimes and P fertilization rates. Although the model overestimates the P availability near the localized P fertilizer, it can predict soil P stratification in the NT treatment and its consequences on crop P uptake. This new model will be a useful tool to improve P fertilization management in context of no-till practices. Keywords: tillage, no-till, direct drilling, conservation agriculture, phosphate fertilizer, agro-systems, stocks and flows, root interception, soil fertility, P budget.
Forest-Drolet, Julie. "Répartition du carbone et de l’azote des fractions de la matière organique du sol sous différents types de rotations, de travail de sol et de sources fertilisantes dans le nord du Québec : effets à long terme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66701.
Full textDaubechies, Frédéric. "La gestion du stress chez les aspirants Inspecteur de Police: évaluation d'une méthode de préparation à la tâche recourant à l'hypnose et à l'autohypnose en situation de simulation d'intervention." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209853.
Full textL’acquisition d’une technique de préparation à la tâche recourant à l’hypnose et à l’autohypnose, permettrait donc une meilleure gestion du stress et réussite de cette tâche, pouvant ainsi réduire l’amplitude des réactions psychologiques et physiologiques secondaires au stress psychologique associé à la situation présentée sur vidéo-tir.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Larouche, Francis. "Émissions de protoxyde d'azote dans une rotation maïs/soya telles qu'influencées par le travail du sol et la fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24048/24048.pdf.
Full textPiron, Denis. "Distribution de la drilosphère lombricienne et caractérisation bio-physique des faciès de bioturbation sous gradient de désintensification du travail mécanique des sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456024.
Full textWartel, Alexandra. "Des manques de fluidité d’un processus technique au développement des activités collectives transverses : pour un regard de l’ergonomie sur la performance. Le cas de la préparation des traitements en radiothérapie externe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0210.
Full textExternal radiotherapy is a cancer treatment that involves several professionals from a variety of fields, working within the framework of a care production process. The Institute for Radiation Protection and Nulcear Safety (IRSN) and the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) have observed a "lack of fluidity" in this process, particularly in the treatment preparation phases. This lack of fluidity can have an impact on work (carried out in a hurry) and on the safety of care. This observation is the subject of the initial request for this ergonomic research project. Our aim is to understand the origin and effects of the "lack of fluidity" in the technical process, as observed by IRSN and ASN. We aim to characterize discontinuities in the technical process, in order to identify their possible effects on the work of professionals and on patient safety. To do this, we characterize discontinuities in the technical preparation process by understanding the articulation of individual and collective activities, using two intrinsic approaches of the human activity developed in ergonomics : the course of action (Theureau, 2004) and the instrumental approach (Rabardel, 1995). External radiotherapy is organized in two main ways. One, the most widespread, determines the treatment start date before treatment preparation. The other, called « fil de l'eau », prepares files as they arise and determines the treatment start date once the file is ready. We will examine the respective effects of these two organizational modes on the development dynamics of collective activities, on possible discontinuities and on care safety. We will show how cross-disciplinary collective activities guarantee continuity of patient care, as well as the development of quality treatment that guarantees patient safety. However, these cross-fonctionnal collective activities, and above all the articulations required for their development, are not taken into account in the sequential breakdown of the prescribed technical process. On the basis of this empirical knowledge, we open the discussion to design perspectives by highlighting what organizations should take into account to enable and support the development of real cross-fonctionnal collective activities, engaged in preparation
Maurel, Arnaud. "Quatre essais sur l'analyse microéconométrique de la demande d'éducation post-secondaire." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0139.
Full textThis thesis is composed of four different essays dealing with the microeconometric analysis of post-secondary education demand. The first essay considers nonparametric identification and estimation of a generalization of Roy's model (1951) of self-selection, accounting for uncertainty as well as for non-pecuniary factors. This framework is applied to the issue of higher education attendance in France. The second essay considers in the same context the determinants of the choice of the university major when the level of education as well as future earnings are uncertain to the individual. Both of these essays suggest that non-pecuniary factors are a key determinant of post--secondary schooling decisions. Finally, the third and fourth essays deal with the related issue of higher education funding, which is tackled through part-time employment and its effect on academic attainment
Vian, Jean-François. "Comparaison de différentes techniques de travail du sol en agriculture biologique : effet de la structure et de la localisation des résidus sur les microorganismes du sol et leurs activités de minéralisation du carbone et de l'azote." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005158.
Full textMongereau, Marine. "The decisive role of cognition in developing performing adaptive global leaders : an analysis of top executives' international assignments." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3079/document.
Full textToday’s global economy represents a volatile, complex, uncertain and ambiguous environment for firms to sustain a profitable international growth. Organizations must continuously develop a portfolio of leaders ready to push forward growth strategies. Despite this challenge, corporations often fail to offer the right learning organizational framework to their top executives proposing too often standardized models. Many firms are acknowledging the urgent need to transform their learning organizations, strategies and to rethink how to learn to lead. Our research is aiming to develop a deep understanding of how global executives are developing, adjusting competencies to the unpredictable needs initiated by their different expatriations. The methodology used is highly inductive and interpretivist. The qualitative sample is composed of 25 top executives, expatriated in MNC’s subsidiaries, men and women. This sample is complemented by the transversal follow up of one top executive, expatriated, for over a period of 2, 5 years. The research objectives are to generate subjective knowledge grounded in the way global executives experience their development during expatriation, translated into a model “à la Gioia” and to provide guidelines for practitioners. We found out that the concept of cognition and self was decisive for an effective development process abroad, this combined with an ongoing willingness and ability to learn, leading to the generation of a sort of “know how” (practical intelligence). We conclude giving two recommendations to corporations; one on the role of HR corporate in charge, advising four key behaviours to improve efficiency: the SCSC’s (Strategic, Credible, Supportive, Considerate) and the second on the top executives follow-up, more precisely we recommend the creation of an expat ID profile; “the expat ID” that will help enhance the global talent management of such an individual
Ponsart, Jacky. "Pourquoi préparer sa classe ? : la fonction des préparations d'enseignement : étude sociologique du travail enseignant hors la classe." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H028.
Full textTeaching preparation can be defined as the whole of the time devoted to the profession outside the classroom, time which forms a fluctuating boundary between one's professional and private life. Based on a study of the professional criteria of teaching, preparation is identified as a moment which has a dual role at the center of the professional process. It has, on the one hand, a role of rationalization : from the irrational of individual habitus, it forms professionalism. On the other hand it fulfills a role of identification : from the diverse conceptions of education, it forms a habitus of the teaching corps. A questionnaire concerning 1680 teachers, ranging from pre-school classes to secondary school enables us to draw up a typology of teachers who construct varying types of professionalism with their preparation activities. Observation of the way these are using in practice in 35 elementary classes completes the analysis of the process and shows how preparation determines practice and above all how it ensures other functions
Iqbal, Akhtar. "Effets de la nature et décomposition des mulchs de résidus végétaux sur les services assurés par les sols en agriculture de conservation : Étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS001.
Full textIn conservation agriculture (CA), crop residues mulches are associated to reduction or suppression of soil tillage and are an intrinsic component of CA. The objective of this work was to understand the effects of nature and decomposition of crop residue mulches on the provisioning and regulating services of agrosystems provided by soils under temperate (France) and tropical (Madagascar and Brazil) conditions. Experimental studies were realized to get decomposition parameters for a large range of residue quality representative of the agrosystems studied and to test and improve a MULCH model. Then we used PASTIS_MULCH model which simulates the C and N biotransformations and solutes transport in soils during mulch decomposition.For a range of plant-stem residues tested, the maximal water retention varied greatly and was only explained by the physical features of the residue. With a series of decomposition incubations, we proposed a single set of biological parameters for CANTIS decomposition module, simulating a large range of crop residue quality. Experimental study in soil columns showed that maize+dolichos mulch decomposed faster than wheat+alfalfa mulch. Frequent and light rain enhanced mulch decomposition compared to infrequent and heavy rain and this was due to the mulch remaining wetter with frequent rain.The simulations of scenarios with PASTIS showed that rain and evaporation conditions ranked crop residues decomposition when placed as mulches while the residue chemical characteristics ranked crop residues decomposition when incorporated. None of the situations studied would be defined as suitable in all pedo-climatic and agricultural conditions
Santarelli, Jean. "Processus d'apprentissage en formation et quête du sens : Le cas des étudiants infirmiers : Approche ethnographique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935760.
Full textQuibel, Edouard. "Impacts de la préparation du sol lors de la phase de plantation sur la dynamique des matières organiques et la fonction de stockage du Carbone dans les sols forestiers Impact du travail du sol localisé sur le stock de carbone organique du sol et la communauté microbienne en condition de plantation en forêt tempérée Changes in soil organic carbon stock by mechanical site preparation in oak and pine plantations on an acidic soil Impact du travail du sol localisé sur le stock de carbone organique du sol et la communauté microbienne en condition de plantation sur sol à engorgement temporaire en eau." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR017.
Full textIn the current context of climate change, forests are seen as a carbon sinj, i. e. they can contribute to C storage. This storage can take place in the medium term in woody biomass and in the longer term in soils. In order to preserve forests and their C storage capacity, foresters have to carry out artificial regeneration (i. e. planting) to adapt stands to future conditions. To ensure the success of this planting stage, it is sometimes necessary to remove some constraints such as the presence of blocking vegetation, compaction or waterlogging of soil. To do this, a Mechanical Soil Preparation (MSP) can be carried out prior to plantin. This PMS work may cause a Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) loss by mineralization. In order to limit the negative effects of PMS, tools have been developed to prepare the soil only in a localized area, on the future line of plants. These tools have been developed to respond to some situations. The Reversible Scarifier® (RS) tool and the Multifunction Subsoiler (MFSS) are designed to prepare soils compacted and/or invaded by eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum). The Razherb® (RAZ) and the Culti 3B® (C3B) tools are designed to prepare compacted and/or waterlogged soils invaded by Molinia caerulea (Molinia caerulea). First, based on 6 sites belonging to the ALTER network, the impact of the RS tool alone and in combination with MFSS on COS was evaluated 5 years after the PMS. This evaluation therefore focused on the quantity and quality of SOC. The impact of the tools on the microbial functioning of the soil was also tested. This part showed a decrease in the stock of C and mineralized C by the microbial community under controlled conditions localized to the prepared area but impacts at the forest stand scale depend on soil characteristics. Second, based on 3 sites belonging to the PILOTE network, the impact of the combination of RAZ+C3B tools on SOC stocks and potential mineralization was evaluated. On these soils with temporary waterlogging, adecrease in SOC stock was observed in the prepared area only in the topsoil (0-30 cm). On the other hand, both SOC stock on the full profile and the potential mineralization did not have a significant effect on the prepared area. At the forest stand scale, the RAZ+C3B combination had no effect on SOC stock or potential mineralization. This thesis work suggests that although they had an impact on the prepared area, the tools used in this study had low influence on the soil at the forest plot scale. However, these observations may vary according to the soil type and have a significant impact on the forest plot
Plesniar, Anna. "Préparation, caractérisation et activité catalytique de zéolithes de type ferrierite échangée au fer appliquées à la dépollution environnementale dé-NOx : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2088.
Full textThe aim of this work was first to characterize exchanged Fe2+ cations in fresh and aged FeFER catalysts by IR spectroscopy and then to study NO-to-NO2 oxidation ability which is the determing step in NOx removal by SCR with NH3. Fe exchanged zeolite-based were used as active catalysts and their aging-induced changes were studied by surface characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, TEM, BET, Mössbauer, FTIR and operando spectroscopy. The aging was applied in a series of FeFER catalysts for which the effects of increasing temperatures under wet atmosphere were considered. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the preparation technique of Fe-FER catalysts together with their ‘degradation’ mechanisms under different aging conditions. The catalyst’s properties, thus, the applicability of multiple techniques will provide a larger view of the aging phenomenon of FeFER catalysts. The second goal of this research is to find, by mean of the operando methodology, the best mechanism for NO-to-NO2 oxidation which is described as the rate determing step of SCR with NH3. The catalytic properties of iron-containing ferrierite under reaction conditions were thus investigated in this contribution. The results of this thesis can be used in the development of better catalysts used in SCR with NH3 that are resistant in particular to physical and chemical changes while preserving interesting NO-to-NO2 oxidation capacity and thus NOx SCR efficiency
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textSigouin, Marie-Ève. "Évaluation du type de préparation de terrain et de la fréquence des entretiens mécaniques de la végétation compétitrice sur la croissance du peuplier hybride." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1359/1/M10384.pdf.
Full textKomljenovic, Jasna. "Méta-analyse sur l'efficacité des programmes de préparation à l'autonomie pour les jeunes qui transitent à l'âge adulte à partir d'un milieu de vie substitut." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24426.
Full textYouth in out-of-home care face an uncertain future and disproportionate difficulties when aging out of care and into independent life as an adult. The difficulties these youth face have prompted governments in several countries to develop programs in order to prepare these youth for this critical period in their life. However, the effectiveness of these programs remains unknown. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to fill this gap in knowledge by measuring the effectiveness of independent living programs to prepare young people aging out of care for adulthood. Methodology: A series of meta-analysis were performed in order to measure the weighed effect sizes on three outcomes related to adulthood: employment, housing, and social support. The effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences or Hedge’s g. A fixed effect size model was used to perform the analyses. Results: k = 9 studies including a total of n = 7127 participants met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and had sufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis for the employment outcome (k = 5, n = 5778) and for the housing outcome (k = 5, n = 2467) show a very small effect favoring the treatment group compared to services as usual for these two outcomes, 1 to 4 years post baseline. No significant effect was found for the social support outcome (k = 5, n = 1797). Discussion: Considering the complex trajectories and needs of youth in out-of-home care, it is imperative that independent living programs better reflect today’s socioeconomic realities to better prepare youth for adulthood, and take into consideration the particular needs of these youth. It is recommended to extend the services until 25 years old and to put forward an interdependent vision of autonomy in the interventions provided to these youth.