Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traumatic neuroses'
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Deguara, Michael C. "Feel it and deal with it : mental health practitioners' experiences of exposure to the trauma material of survivor clients /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17280.pdf.
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Payne, Karen S. "Social support and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in Vietnam veterans /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259580263462.
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Cox, Michelle, and shelleyjcox@hotmail com. "Attentional bias effects following trauma exposure comparison of emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision task paradigms." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051130.132059.
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Attentional bias effects for threat and emotional words were investigated, using both the emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision paradigms. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-eight survivors of sexual assault participated in this study, which comprised three key comparisons. First, key predictions of the threat and emotionality hypotheses were compared, in particular specific and general threat effects, and positive and negative emotionality effects. Second, two separate group comparisons were conducted, specifically controls versus survivors of sexual assault overall, and a matched subset of controls versus PTSD positive survivors of sexual assault versus PTSD negative survivors of sexual assault. Third, performance on the emotional Stroop task and emotional lexical decision task paradigms were compared directly. Slowed colour naming responses (i.e. interference) were observed for both threat effects and emotionality effects in the emotional Stroop task. For the emotional lexical decision task, slowed lexical decisions (i.e. interference) were observed for threat effects, whereas speeded lexical decisions (i.e. facilitation) were observed for emotionality effects. The findings of the current study indicate that threat and emotionality effects may co-exist in both control and survivor populations. The relationship between the presence or absence of PTSD symptoms and threat and emotionality effects requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. There may be a relationship between the presence of PTSD symptoms and specific threat effects, however the findings of the current study for general threat information were inconclusive. No relationship was evident between the presence of absence of PTSD symptoms and positive or negative emotionality effects. The current findings suggest that the emotional Stroop task may be better suited to quantifying threat effects but not emotionality effects, whereas the emotional lexical decision task appears to be able to quantify both threat and emotionality effects.
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Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.
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Courtney, Patrick E. "Central need schemas and response to trauma : is sexual identity a variable?" Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014793.
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This study explored the relationship between life events and central need schemas(i.e. basic assumptions about oneself and the world). The hypotheses tested were 1) people who have experienced traumatic stress will have more negative or disrupted schemas in areas of central need than those who haven't experienced traumatic stress, 2) the schemas of lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual men and women who have not experienced significant traumatic stress differ from those of heterosexual men and women who have not experienced significant traumatic stress, and 3) one's sexual identity is a variable in how one responds to traumatic stress. Results did not support the first or third hypotheses. However, support was found for the second hypothesis. Lack of support for two of the hypotheses is believed to be due to the specific data analysis used for the study A discussion of the results and suggestions for future research are then presented.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Young, Marna. "Exploring the meaning of trauma in the South African Police Service." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102007-123001.
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Graumann, Esther. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response to traumatic stress." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05072007-174733.
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Meyburgh, Tanja M. "The body remembers body mapping and narratives of physical trauma /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052007-114221.
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Ward, Laurian Gillian. "Family experiences of physical trauma." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292008-113212.
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Crisp, William A. "Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Effect of Intelligence on Symptomatology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4527/.
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The objective of this study was to examine the relations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology and intelligence. Thirty American combat veterans of the Vietnam War, diagnosed with chronic PTSD, were given a psychodiagnostic structured interview. Participants were assessed for Intelligence Quotient as well as the veracity of their self report. The study found that there were significant differences in how participants experienced their PTSD symptoms that were correlated with intelligence. The higher IQ participants reported more frequent and intense guilt related symptoms as well as more intense intrusive recollections. The lower IQ participants experienced more frequent startle responses, more intense problems related to falling or remaining asleep and more frequent affective symptoms related to emotional numbing. Psychologists could use these differences in how PTSD is experienced in treatment planning. It may be useful for therapy to address sleep disturbances and affective numbing in lower IQ individuals. Therapy for higher IQ individuals may be more useful if it addresses feelings of guilt and intrusive recollections.
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Waldman, Brian Scott. "The utilization of eye movement desensitization reprocessing as a therapeutic tool." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1993.
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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, is a new clinical treatment shown to be effective for victims of trauma. EMDR is a time efficient, comprehensive methodology backed by positive, controlled research, for the treatment of disturbing experiences that underlie many pathologies. An eight phase treatment approach that includes using eye movements or other left-right stimulation, EMDR helps victims of trauma reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories. The purpose of this research project was to describe and explore the utilization of EMDR by licensed clinical social workers who were registered as members of the National Association of Social Workers.
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Bogel, Cherie, and Marion Wilson. "Combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder: An argument for family-centered therapy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1576.
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The psychological effects of combat experience on war veterans has been widely documented, ever since what is now called posttraumatics stress disorder (PTSD) was discovered in soldiers and given names like shell shock, battle fatigue and war neurosis.
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Boateng, Edward. "Temporal expression of neurochemical markers in primary sensory neurones in traumatic and non-traumatic models of neuropathic pain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11162.
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Introduction: Expression of neurochemical markers in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) has been shown to underlie nerve injury induced neuropathic pain and are usually examined once post injury in rodent models. Here I hypothesize that neurochemical markers are expressed differentially at various time points post nerve injury and that expression of these markers differ between traumatic and non-traumatic models of neuropathic pain, thus reflecting variations in pathophysiology. In two different rat models of neuropathic pain, namely, the tibial nerve transection (TNT) and the d4T (HIV antiretroviral drug) associated toxic neuropathy; immunohistochemical labelling was used to determine the expression of various neurochemical markers across time. Double labelling with peripherin or NF-200 (labels small and large neurons respectively) and a cell size analysis were conducted to validate cellular phenotype. Pain behaviour was measured in vivo using mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity assays. To confirm tibial nerve distribution in the DRGs, Fluorogold retrograde labelling was performed. I also explored the effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dicosahexonoic acid (DHA) on TNT associated mechanical hypersensitivity and inflammation, as previous studies have shown DHA to be both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in animal models of spinal cord injury and stroke, and therefore could be relevant in peripheral nerve injury. Results: [Table of results appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment] From day 7, TNT rats developed mechanical hypersensitivity (↓62% from baseline at peak, day 28). Rats injected with d4T exhibited bilateral hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity (↓~47% from baseline at peak, day 22), but failed to exhibit any neurochemical changes in the DRG such as that observed in TNT injury. Seven days following Fluorogold injection into the tibial nerve of naive rats, labelling was identified in the L4 (38.5%) and L5 (27.5%) DRGs. Since DHA did not alter TNT induced mechanical hypersensitivity, key neurochemical markers were not evaluated. Investigations examined the potential of DHA to modulate the DRG macrophage response, and revealed no differences compared to saline controls at day 28 post TNT injury. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate completely different expression patterns of neurochemical markers following TNT injury and treatment with d4T, and highlight the mechanistic difference between nerve trauma and antiretroviral associated neuropathic pain.
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Silva, Pablo Augusto. "O mundo como catastrofe e representação : testemunho, trauma e violencia na literatura do sobrevivente." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279004.
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Orientador: Maria Lygia Quartim de MoraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T03:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_PabloAugusto_M.pdf: 882543 bytes, checksum: 8dffa4b5e16f321374f88b76ace65eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Este trabalho é uma análise de obras autobiográficas de indivíduos que tiveram uma experiência traumática com a realidade, vivenciada nas instituições carcerárias do Brasil contemporâneo (1970-2000). Há nestas narrativas, enquanto exercícios de rememoração, uma grande riqueza que nos permite compreender a trajetória social de indivíduos que sofreram a experiência - única - do trauma. O encarceramento como o centro de suas vidas, o evento que no bem e no mal marcou toda a sua existência. Esse novo modo de fazer literatura - que pode ser chamado de literatura carcerária e/ou das prisões - emerge nos anos 1980, ganhando visibilidade principalmente no início dos anos 1990. Atualmente, vem tendo êxito no mercado editorial, despertando e dividindo o interesse da crítica cultural pelo tema. Portadoras de um teor testemunhal - como as obras de escritores que tratam da experiência judaica nos campos de concentração (Lagers) durante a 11 Guerra Mundial, e de escritores latino-americanos que narram a violência sofrida durante as ditaduras nos anos 1950/60/70 -, tais autobiografias são, antes de tudo, o testemunho do Sobrevivente da Era da Catástrofe, como pode ser resumido o breve século xx
Abstract: This work consists of an analysis of auto-biographical accounts written by individuais who have undergone traumatic experiences with reality in correctional facilities in contemporary Brazil (1970-2000). These accounts, as exercises in recollection, contain a great wealth of material and enable us to better understand the social history of individuais who have undergone a unique experience of trauma. The trauma, in this case, is the experience of imprisonment as the center of their lives, the event that, for better or for worse, marked their entire existence. This new mode of literary production - known as prison literature - arose in the 1980s and took on greater visibility in the early 1990s. It has been successful on the editorial market and aroused the interest of cultural critics of the topic. It has also been the object of some controversy. These autobiographies are similar to the writings of Jews who described their experiences in concentration camps (Lagers) during World War 11, and like a number of Latin-American writers who described the violence they were subjected to during the dictatorships of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Above ali else, the accounts are the testimony of Survivors of the Era of Catastrophe, as the brief 20th century might be called.
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia
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Prado, Gustavo R. "Neuronal Plasma Membrane Disruption in Traumatic Brain Injury." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7260.
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During a traumatic insult to the brain, tissue is subjected to large stresses at high rates which often surpass cellular thresholds leading to cell dysfunction or death. Cellular events that occur at the time of and immediately after an insult are poorly understood. Immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the neuronal plasma membrane may become disrupted and potentiate detrimental pathways by allowing extracellular contents to gain access to the cytosol. In the current study, neuronal plasma membrane disruption was assessed in vivo following moderate unilateral controlled cortical impact in rats using a normally cell-impermeant fluorescent compound as a plasma membrane permeability marker. This fluorescent dye was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid and was allowed to diffuse into the brain. TBI caused a widespread acute disruption of neuronal membranes which was significantly different compared to uninjured brains. Affected cells were present in cortex and hippocampal regions. These findings were complemented by an in vitro model of TBI where membrane disruption was quantified and its mechanisms elucidated. Permeability marker(s) were added to neuronal cultures before the insult as indicators for increases in plasma membrane permeability. The percentage of cells containing the permeability marker was dependent on the molecular mass, as smaller molecules gained access to a higher percentage of cells than larger ones. Permeability increases were also positively correlated with the rate of insult. Membrane disruption was transient, evidenced by a robust resealing within the first minute after the insult. In addition, membrane resealing was found to be dependent on extracellular Ca2+, as chelation of the ion abolished a significant amount of resealing. We have also investigated the effects of mechanically-induced plasma membrane disruptions on neuronal network electrical activity. We have developed a multielectrode array system that allows the study of electrical activity before, during, and after a traumatic insult to neurons. Endogenous electrical activity of neuronal cultures presented a heterogeneous response following mechanical insult. Moreover, spontaneous firing dysfunction induced by injury outlasted the presence of membrane disruptions. This study provides a multi-faceted approach to elucidate the role of neuronal plasma membrane disruptions in TBI and its functional consequences.
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Vora, Amit Rajni. "Light and electron microscopical studies on the structure of traumatic neuromas of the human lingual nerve." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269373.
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Ferenc, Matthew Teague. "The effects of shockwaves on cultured mammalian neurons and their implications for mild traumatic brain injury." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31551.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The widespread use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has caused a dramatic increase in shockwave-induced mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), leading mTBI to be dubbed the 'signature injury' of modern warfare. Currently, the pathology of shockwave-induced mTBI is unknown , and it is diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms and combat history. While the etiological mechanism has not yet been determined , it is becoming increasingly accepted that shockwaves themselves are the brain-damaging agent that emanate from IEDs. To assess how mild, sub-lethal shockwaves might damage brain tissue, we developed an in vitro assay to deliver shockwaves to neuronal cells in culture, and then assayed several properties of these cells that affect their function. This assay involved exposing rat cortical and hippocampal primary neuronal cultures to shockwaves of increasing magnitude generated with a biolistic Gene Gun. The Gene Gun produces shockwaves of sufficient overpressure to cause cognitive impairment in animal models of shockwave-induced mTBI. Our results show that overpressures of ~1.0 pound per square inch (psi) caused transient membrane permeability for molecules up to ~12 nanometers in diameter. This change in membrane permeability was accompanied by a transient decrease in cellular ATP levels and synaptic densities. This synaptic degeneration correlated with changes in the level and phosphorylation state of several synaptic proteins examined. Similar results were observed in dissected rat retinas suggesting that these shockwave-induced effects can occur in complex tissues, such as the brain. Based on these findings we propose that shockwaves damage cellular membranes, leading to a decrease in intracellular ATP, and ultimately to a reduced numbers of synapses, the part of neurons most important for learning, memory and behavior. Additional experiments in whole animals will be required to ascertain whether shockwave-induced cellular damage and synaptic degeneration plays an etiological role in shockwave-induced mTBI.
2031-01-01
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Malcolm, Shannon Gail. "The role of progesterone in attenuating mitochondrial injury in neural cells in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16099.
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Huppert, Daru. "Libido and the destruction of the psychic reality : a Freudian account of traumatic neurosis in child survivors of Nazi persecution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604821.
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This thesis delineates and presents a new explanation of the ‘survivor syndrome’, the most severe form of the traumatic condition. Clinical material regarding this condition has yet to receive an adequate theoretical interpretation, a situation that this study attempts to redress on the basis of my interviews with child survivors of the Nazi persecution of minorities, conducted at Esra, a psychiatric clinic in Vienna. Freud’s theory has been almost wholly neglected in studies of this pathology, and I argue that, when brought to bear in depth, it can provide an incisive account that illuminates the most disturbing features of trauma. In the first part of my investigation, the focus is therefore upon Freud’s analysis of the traumatic neurosis. I develop and extend Freud’s theory of the drives in relation to the central features of the survivor syndrome: anxiety, depression and guilt. Having provided a general account of the condition, my investigation then examines five case histories of child survivors in detail. I conclude by demonstrating how the findings of the thesis helps us to explain the way in which traumatised groups are treated within society, and how this changes our conception of their survival. Unlike most clinical studies in this field, my thesis emphasises the impact of trauma on the sufferers’ unconscious and fundamental impulses, thereby highlighting what is most acute in their experience. Yet my analysis also shows that there can be a disruption of unconscious processes in the severe traumatic condition, in which drive impulses are even more relentless than has been previously assumed. In this way, my study demonstrates that Freud’s theory can grasp even the agonising quality of the survivor syndrome, yet also how this obliges us to rethink our conception of the pivotal structures and forces operating within the psyche.
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Cai, Weikang. "RIT GTPASE SIGNALING MEDIATES OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE AND SURVIVAL OF ADULT NEWBORN NEURONS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biochem_etds/1.
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The small GTPases function as molecular switches to control diverse signaling cascades. The mammalian Rit and Rin, along with Drosophila Ric, comprise an evolutionarily conserved subfamily of the Ras-related GTPases. Previous studies using cultured cell models suggested that Rit was involved in the control of cell proliferation, transformation, neuronal differentiation, morphogenesis, and cell survival, but the principal physiological function of Rit remained uncharacterized.
To address this outstanding question, we employed a genetic approach, engineering a Rit knockout mouse. Using this animal model, we demonstrate a central role of Rit in governing cell survival in a p38-dependent fashion. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Rit-/- mice display increased apoptosis and selective disruption of MAPK signaling following oxidative stress. These deficits include a reduction in ROS-mediated stimulation of a novel p38-MK2-HSP27 signaling cascade, which appears to act upstream of the mTORC2 complex to control Akt-dependent cell survival.
In the adult brain, proliferation of stem cells within the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), provide a lifelong supply of new neurons. Adult neurogenesis appears critical for learning and memory and is altered in animal models of brain injury and neurological diseases. Thus, a greater understanding of the regulation of adult neurogenesis will provide insight into its myriad physiological roles but also to the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of injury and the progression of brain diseases. Here we find that Rit plays a central role in governing the survival of hippocampal neurons in response to oxidative stress. Importantly, using a controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), we show that Rit acts to protect newborn immature neurons within the SGZ of the DG from apoptosis following TBI. Finally, studies indicate that Rit plays a significant role in directing IGF-1 signaling, a key neurotrophin known to promote neurogenesis and to protect neurons against apoptotic stress.
Together, these studies establish Rit as a critical regulator of a p38 MAPKdependent signaling cascade that functions as an important survival mechanism for cells in response to oxidative stress, including the survival of newborn hippocampal neurons in the traumatically injured brain.
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Bell, Pamela. "The nature and extent of war trauma and the psychological repercussions on female civilians: a contribution to a broader understanding of the effects of prolonged and repeated trauma, within the cultural and contextual restraints of a post-conflict society." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211351.
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Silvester, Philip. ""The wild apple tree" and narrative time and the war novel." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/713.
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This thesis consists of two distinct but related parts: a creative component, “The Wild Apple Tree” and an exegetical essay. Both will attempt to answer the question: How can narrative strategies of time enable the representation of war neurosis in fiction?“The Wild Apple Tree” is narrated by a seventy-seven year-old man who returns to England after almost fifty years in Australia. The purpose of his visit is to return to certain places from his early life in an attempt to regain his missing memory. It is apparent that the narrator has no memory (or unreliable memory) concerning certain parts of his life due to war neurosis or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The traumatic events are revealed to the reader as they are recalled by the narrator (sometimes in dream sequences and sometimes prompted by his visit to familiar places) and therefore the structure of the novella is not chronological.“The Wild Apple Tree” takes place in several timeframes and the writing employs several temporal narrative strategies. In addition to the non-chronological order, certain scenes are repeated or elided or postponed to a later stage of the narration. While certain passages of his life are recalled and narrated with clarity, others are less clear and related over several chapters. Present tense and past tense are used mainly to differentiate the time of the narration but also to provide immediacy for the reader in certain passages.The essay discusses the relationship between trauma, memory and identity as well as the importance of narrative in the establishment of memory and identity. I then examine the various temporal narrative strategies used in fiction: order, duration, repetition, and tense. These two themes (memory/identity and narrative strategies of time) are then used in a review of seven novels related to war neurosis. The novels discussed are: Pat Barker’s Regeneration Trilogy; Regeneration, The Eye in the Door and The Ghost Road; her later novel Another World; Sebastian Faulks’ Charlotte Gray; Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five; and Joseph Heller’s Catch-22. This close reading of the texts provides examples of the use of temporal narrative strategies in the representation of war neurosis or shell-shock and attempts to provide reasons for their inclusion in the texts and the possible outcomes of their use in these contexts.Finally in an exegetical chapter I discuss the application of temporal narrative strategies in the writing of “The Wild Apple Tree”, and the benefits and difficulties of employing such techniques in the representation of disrupted identity in PTSD. This thesis illustrates the link between the theory of temporal narrative strategy and the representation of war neurosis and will have use in the creative construction of fictional texts which seek to represent trauma-induced distorted memory and identity.
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Lindholm, Tomas. "On traumatic lesions to the spinal cord and dorsal spinal roots : factors influencing axonal regrowth across the border between the central and peripheral nervous system in rat and man /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-163-2.
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Empl, Laura [Verfasser], and Florence [Akademischer Betreuer] Bareyre. "Spine dynamics and circuit connectivity of transcallosal neurons in the intact contralesional cortex after traumatic brain injury / Laura Empl ; Betreuer: Florence Bareyre." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1238016952/34.
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Le, Dorze Claire. "Le trouble de stress post traumatique, une pathologie de la réactivation mnésique ? Recherche d'un découplage monoaminergique et de nouvelles tentatives thérapeutiques chez le rat." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066645/document.
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Le Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique (TSPT) est une pathologie qui se développe chez des sujets exposés à des événements traumatiques. Cette pathologie est caractérisée par des reviviscences du traumatisme induisant des troubles anxieux invalidants et durables. Ces reviviscences, provoquées par des indices de rappel, sont à l'origine des fréquentes rechutes qui caractérisent le TSPT. La dépendance aux drogues d'abus est également caractérisée par une hyperréactivité aux indices de rappel qui est responsable du désir irrépressible de drogue ou " craving " et des nombreuses rechutes après abstinence. Nous avons fait l'hypothèse que cette susceptibilité aux indices environnementaux, commune aux deux pathologies, pourrait être due à un découplage des systèmes monoaminergiques induit par l'exposition à des conditions intenses, drogues d'abus ou traumatisme. Les données de cette thèse montrent que notre modèle animal de traumatisme (le Single Prolonged Stress) reproduit chez les individus vulnérables les symptômes de la pathologie, et une réactivité aux indices de rappel. Nos données indiquent également qu'un traumatisme induit, chez les individus vulnérables, une désensibilisation comportementale et une sensibilisation noradrénergique corticale, supportant l'hypothèse de découplage monoaminergique. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle approche thérapeutique, le " remodelage émotionnel " capable de diminuer durablement les symptômes de type TSPT. Les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse, soutiennent l'hypothèse de bases physiologiques communes entre le TSPT et l'addiction, et proposent de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques pour ces deux pathologiesPost-Traumatic Stress disorder (PSTD) appears on a part of individuals exposed to traumatic events. This pathology is characterized by frequent re-experiencing of the traumatic event inducing disabling and long-lasting anxiety disorders. These flashbacks, triggered by reminder cues, are responsible for the frequent relapses that characterize PTSD. Addiction to drugs of abuse is also characterized by a hyper reactivity to reminder cues which is responsible for drug craving and relapses. We hypothesized that such a susceptibility to environmental cues, common to both pathologies, could be due to an uncoupling of monoaminergic systems induced by exposure to intense conditions (trauma or drugs). Data from this thesis showed that our animal model of PTSD (the Single Prolonged Stress) reproduced PTSD-like symptoms on vulnerable rats, and reactivity to reminder cues. Our data also showed that trauma induced a behavioral desensitization and a cortical noradrenergic sensitization, in vulnerable traumatized rats, supporting the hypothesis of monoaminergic uncoupling. Finally, we developed a new therapeutic approach, the "emotional remodeling" which was shown to durably decrease PTSD-like symptoms. The results obtained in this thesis support the hypothesis of common physiological basis between PTSD and drug addiction, and offer new therapeutic approaches for these two pathologies
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Ghozlan, Eric. "Traumatisme psychique individuel et traumatisme psychique collectif. La théorie psychanalytique à l’épreuve du réel de l'effraction traumatique : trauma et attentat, trauma et guerre, trauma et catastrophe naturelle, trauma et Shoah." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7014.
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La question du traumatisme psychique est consubstantielle de la découverte de l’inconscient freudien.Cette théorie originelle, remaniée radicalement par l’apport conceptuel du fantasme et de la théorie du complexe d’œdipe a laissé tracer dans les conceptions actuelles du pychotraumatisme.Ne retrouve-t-on pas en effet, dans les théories du débriefing psychologique l’idée d’une abréaction nécessaire avec des effets thérapeutiques passant par la magie du discours ?L’effraction psychique comme métaphore d’une intrusion/déliaison de l’économie pulsionnelle de l’appareil psychique nous apparaît féconde dans le domaine d’exploration du psychotrauma que nous proposons de mener au travers d’expériences cliniques diversifiées portant sur le recueil de témoignages de survivants de la Shoah, ou d’un travail sur l’écriture du trauma, mais également à partir de trois missions d’enquêtes expertales que nous avons menées pour l’ONG humanitaire Médecins du Monde (tremblement de terre en Arménie (1989), attentats terroristes en Israël (2000-2002) ou le contexte de guerre visant des civils en Israël (2006).Nous avons regroupé nos différentes expériences cliniques de confrontation au réel traumatique en quatre parties : trauma et attentats terroristes que nous qualifions de démocides, trauma et guerre, trauma et catastrophe naturelle, et enfin trauma et Shoah.A ces quatre parties, émaillées de cas cliniques, qui chaque fois sont un appel à interroger la théorie, nous engageons une discussion sur les théories du traumatisme et pour ouvrir ce travail vers d’autres perspectives, nous interrogeons les dimensions si essentielles du témoignage et de la transmission dans son rapport à la mémoire de l’événement traumatique.Enfin, nous proposons de transposer le modèle israélien de prise en charge des victimes du terrorisme et d’organisation de soins et d’efficience thérapeutique après les attentats survenus en France (2012/2015-2016) par la création d'une Unité de Soins Psychotraumatismes et résilience au sein de l'OSE. Tout au long de ce travail, nous abordons la question du traumatisme psychique dans ses trois dimensions, individuelle et collective, intentionnelle ou accidentelle, unique ou répétée, en interrogeant la théorie psychanalytique et sa conceptualisation centrale dans la compréhension du phénomène.Sur le plan théorique nous présentons une relecture de la fatigue de compassion d’un point de vue psychodynamique par le détour conceptuel du transfert, du contre-transfert, de l’identification projective kleinienne et de l’introjection ferenczienne pour arriver à cette proposition qui s’inscrit dans la filiation du corpus freudien que nous avons nommée, Névrose traumatique de contre-transfert et identification à l'agresséThe question of psychic traumatism is consubstantial of the discovery of the unconscious freudian.This original theory, radically reshaped by the conceptual contribution of fantasy and oedipal complex theory has left its mark on current conceptions of psychotraumatism. Indeed, do we not find, in the theories of debriefing psychological the idea of a necessary abreaction with therapeutic effects through the magic of speech?The psychic intrusion as a metaphor of an intrusion/delinking of the impulsive economy of the psychic apparatus appears to us fertile in the field of exploration of psychotrauma which we propose to carry out through diversified clinical experiments relating to the collection of testimonies of survivors of the Shoah, or work on writing about trauma, but also from three expert fact-finding missions we have carried out for the humanitarian NGO Médecins du Monde (earthquake in Armenia (1989), terrorist attacks in Israel (2000-2002) or the context of war targeting civilians in Israel (2006).To these four parts dotted with clinical cases which each time are a call to question the theory, we engage a discussion on the theories of trauma and to open this work towards other perspectives, we question the so essential dimensions of testimony and transmission in its report to the memory of the traumatic event.Finally, we propose to transpose the Israeli model of caring for victims of terrorism and organizing care and therapeutic efficiency after the attacks in France (2012/2015-2016) through the creation of a Psychotrauma and Resilience Care Unit within the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) .Throughout this work, we address the issue of psychic trauma in its three dimensions, individual and collective, intentional or accidental, unique or repeated, by questioning psychoanalytical theory and its central conceptualization in the understanding of the phenomenon.On the Theoretical level we present a re-reading of compassion fatigue from a psychodynamic point of view through the conceptual detour of transference, counter-transference,Kleinian projective identification and Ferenczian introjection to arrive at this proposition which is part of the filiation of the Freudian corpus that we have named, traumatic neurosis of counter-transference and identification with the agressed
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Howell, Alison. "Madness in international relations : therapeutic interventions and the global governance of disorder(s) /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR45996.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Political Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-284). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR45996
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"Fostering resilience in primary educators: resilient women and their ability to endure, recover and grow through trauma." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3695.
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D. Ed.Trauma can be described as the emotional shock response to a physical or emotional injury that is overwhelming and has a lasting effect on a person. Based on this definition, trauma can be considered an integral part of life in South Africa. The consequences and effects of trauma are severe, both on individual and society levels. Nobody escapes the effects of trauma, but women and children are particularly vulnerable. Unfortunately the vast majority of South Africans have little or no access to mental health services. Some people, however, seem to be resilient in response to trauma and hardship. Although various definitions of resilience can be found in the literature, resilience is defined in this thesis as the ability and characteristics that enable a person to endure, recover from, and be strengthened to grow personally, regardless of exposure to traumatic life events. Women are generally the primary educators of children in the South African society, whether it be their own children, grandchildren or others. If South African women were equipped with skills that could enable them to deal more effectively with trauma, they would – as primary educators – naturally transfer their skills and knowledge to the children in their care. There exists a need for preventative interventions that may equip women to cope effectively with trauma. Certain educational interventions may provide avenues through which this may be achieved. Educational drama is one such avenue through which women of diverse educational, socio-economical, and cultural backgrounds may be reached in a comprehensible, accessible and non-discriminatory way. In this study a number of issues pertaining to the prevalence of resilience in South African women have been explored and described. The purpose of this study was to create an interactive educational play aimed at facilitating mental health in women exposed to traumatic life events.
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Stromnes, Justina. "The Incidence of post traumatic stress disorder among police officers." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/895.
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This study investigates the relationship between traumatic events and PTSD among police officers in
KwaZulu-Natal and the mediating effects of coping and social support.
The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of PTSD among police officers and whether
coping and social support structures act as mediating variables in the stress-illness realtionship. In order to achieve this aim an assessment battery containing Biographical Checklist, the Ways of Coping Checklist, The Index of Social Support and the Dutch Post Traumatic Stress Scale was distributed to a sample of police officers in Kwazulu-Natal.
The findings indicate a high incidence of PTSD, among policemen although no significant
relationship was found between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD. Further, emotion focused
coping strategies, namely, self-blame and wishful thinking, were found to be
predictive of PTSD. No significant relationship was established between the availability of
social support and satisfaction with social support and PTSD.Industrial and Organisational Psychology
M.A. (Industrial Psychology)
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Raftery, John. "'Nothing new to medical science' : the construction of war neurosis and the life course outcomes of WW2 veterans / John Raftery." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19671.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 385-417.x, 417 leaves : ill. (some col.), [1] col. map ; 30 cm.
Documents and evaluates the experiences and life outcomes of a sample of WW2 veterans against a background of ideas about the neuroses of war, thereby examining the history of medical ideas about the psychological casualties of war, and the history of the lives of participants of war. The medical framework and social context that underpin the construction of war experience is critically examined in this thesis.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 2000
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Raftery, John. "'Nothing new to medical science' : the construction of war neurosis and the life course outcomes of WW2 veterans / John Raftery." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19671.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 385-417.x, 417 leaves : ill. (some col.), [1] col. map ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Documents and evaluates the experiences and life outcomes of a sample of WW2 veterans against a background of ideas about the neuroses of war, thereby examining the history of medical ideas about the psychological casualties of war, and the history of the lives of participants of war. The medical framework and social context that underpin the construction of war experience is critically examined in this thesis.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 2000
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Mohammed, Ali Ibrahim Ali. "Development and application of an optogenetic platform for controlling and imaging a large number of individual neurons." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17082.
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The understanding and treatment of brain disorders as well as the development of intelligent machines is hampered by the lack of knowledge of how the brain fundamentally functions. Over the past century, we have learned much about how individual neurons and neural networks behave, however new tools are critically needed to interrogate how neural networks give rise to complex brain processes and disease conditions. Recent innovations in molecular techniques, such as optogenetics, have enabled neuroscientists unprecedented precision to excite, inhibit and record defined neurons. The impressive sensitivity of currently available optogenetic sensors and actuators has now enabled the possibility of analyzing a large number of individual neurons in the brains of behaving animals. To promote the use of these optogenetic tools, this thesis integrates cutting edge optogenetic molecular sensors which is ultrasensitive for imaging neuronal activity with custom wide field optical microscope to analyze a large number of individual neurons in living brains. Wide-field microscopy provides a large field of view and better spatial resolution approaching the Abbe diffraction limit of fluorescent microscope. To demonstrate the advantages of this optical platform, we imaged a deep brain structure, the Hippocampus, and tracked hundreds of neurons over time while mouse was performing a memory task to investigate how those individual neurons related to behavior. In addition, we tested our optical platform in investigating transient neural network changes upon mechanical perturbation related to blast injuries. In this experiment, all blasted mice show a consistent change in neural network. A small portion of neurons showed a sustained calcium increase for an extended period of time, whereas the majority lost their activities. Finally, using optogenetic silencer to control selective motor cortex neurons, we examined their contributions to the network pathology of basal ganglia related to Parkinson’s disease. We found that inhibition of motor cortex does not alter exaggerated beta oscillations in the striatum that are associated with parkinsonianism. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of developing integrated optogenetic system to advance our understanding of the principles underlying neural network computation, which would have broad applications from advancing artificial intelligence to disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Van, De Looij Yohan. "Imagerie spirale du tenseur de diffusion à 7T: application au cerveau de rat traumatisé." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296800.
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L'objet de cette thèse était de mettre en place une séquence robuste d'imagerie rapide du tenseur de diffusion par RMN sur un imageur petit animal 7-T. Nous avons mis en place une séquence Twice Refocused Spin Echo afin de s'affranchir des problèmes de courants de Foucault. Nous avons préféré une acquisition spirale de l'espace-k à EPI pour son insensibilité aux artefacts de mouvement et de flux très importants en diffusion. Nous avons développé un logiciel sous Matlab pour la reconstruction des images du tenseur de diffusion et la visualisation des cartes d'anisotropie et cartes couleurs. Enfin nous avons utilisé un logiciel développé à l'INRIA de Nice-Sofia Antipolis (MedINRIA DTI Track) pour visualiser l'affichage des vecteurs propres et effectuer le « fiber tracking » à partir des datas collectées sur notre imageur 7-T sur cerveau de rat. Une fois la technique et les méthodes de reconstructions validées sur différents fantômes et sur cerveau de rat sain, nous l'avons appliqué à un modèle de rat traumatisé étudié au sein du laboratoire et traumatisé selon la méthode impact-accélération. L'objet de l'étude était de caractériser l'oedème cérébral post traumatique de manière précoce grâce à l'imagerie du tenseur de diffusion. Cette technique nous a permis de caractériser le type d'oedème cérébral post-traumatique par des modifications de la diffusivité moyenne. Des modifications d'anisotropie dans le corps calleux du cerveau de rat traumatisé ont montré la présence de lésions axonales diffuses. Enfin, l'imagerie fiber tracking a permis de détecter des lésions axonales au centre du corps calleux du cerveau de rat traumatisé.