Academic literature on the topic 'Traumatic neuroses'

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Journal articles on the topic "Traumatic neuroses"

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Rollin, Henry. "“Traumatic neuroses”." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 6 (December 1990): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000047711.

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Tennant, Christopher, Jeffrey H. Streimer, and Helen Temperly. "Memories of Vietnam: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders in Australian Veterans." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 1 (March 1990): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062883.

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We compared a random sample of Australian Vietnam veteran inpatients suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (N=13) with veteran inpatients with other neurotic diagnoses. Those with PTSD had experienced substantially higher levels of combat stress, were more likely to have manifested conduct disorder in childhood, and had poorer work adjustment. Only three had been diagnosed as having traumatic or war neuroses by their original treating psychiatrist in the Veterans Affairs Department. Post traumatic stress disorder (or war neurosis) has possibly been under-diagnosed by treating psychiatrists in the Veterans Affairs Department, especially in the pre-DSM-III era.
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Powęska, Michał Filip. "Religiousness – Between Defence Mechanism and Consciousness." Perspektywy Kultury 45, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2024.4502.31.

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According to Sigmund Freud, the emergence of Judaism should be associated with the murder of Moses, which the Hebrews allegedly committed against their leader. This thesis, which the psychoanalyst takes over from Ernst Sellin, became the basis for his reflections on trauma, which is the source of religious neurosis experienced by man. This paper attempts to show that the basis of neuroses related to religiousness should not be seen in the traumatic events related to the time of the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, as Freud wanted, but in the individual approach of a person to religion and in the internal conflicts he or she experiences.
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Leed, Eric. "Fateful Memories: Industrialized War and Traumatic Neuroses." Journal of Contemporary History 35, no. 1 (January 2000): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500108.

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Koch, Ulrich. "The uses of trauma in experiment: Traumatic stress and the history of experimental neurosis, c. 1925–1975." Science in Context 32, no. 3 (September 2019): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000279.

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ArgumentThe article retraces the shifting conceptualizations of psychological trauma in experimental psychopathological research in the middle decades of the twentieth century in the United States. Among researchers studying so-called experimental neuroses in animal laboratories, trauma was an often-invoked category used to denote the clash of conflicting forces believed to lead to neurotic suffering. Experimental psychologists, however, soon grew skeptical of the traumatogenic model and ultimately came to reject neurosis as a disease entity. Both theoretical differences and practical circumstances, such as the technical challenge of stabilizing neurotic symptoms in rats, led to this demise. Yet, despite their reservations, experimental psychologists continued to employ traumatic stimuli to produce psychopathological syndromes. In the 1960s, a new understanding of trauma evolved, which emphasized the loss of control experienced by traumatized animal subjects. These shifting ideas about trauma, I argue, reflect both varying experimental cultures, epistemic norms as well as changing societal concerns.
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Watson, I. P. Burges, L. Hoffman, and G. V. Wilson. "The Neuropsychiatry of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 2 (February 1988): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.2.164.

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The publication of DSM-III introduced the diagnosis Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), thus providing, for the first time, a framework for studying the consequences of extremely stressful events. Previously, traumatic neuroses had attracted a wide variety of labels – as wide as the experiences that produced them. Competing explanations in psychological and biological terms have characterised the approach to these disorders, and social and legal issues have added to the confusion. In recent years, psychosocial issues have tended to dominate the literature in relation to PTSD. While acknowledging the importance of such phenomenological and psychosocial approaches, this paper seeks to redress the balance by focusing on a biological perspective.
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Nam, Benjamin H., and Alexander S. English. "Trauma-Informed Care: A Transcendental Phenomenology of the Experiences of International Faculty during the Delta and Omicron Variant Outbreaks in East China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 11057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711057.

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This transcendental phenomenological study explored psychologically traumatic incidents and risk factors among international faculty members (IFMs) who experienced long-term lockdowns during the Delta and Omicron outbreak periods in East China. Based on empirical voices from 18 IFMs in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing, this study used trauma-informed care as its primary theoretical lens to examine potential traumatic incidents and risk factors. Findings showed that participants had neuroses about the omen of lockdowns and felt exhausted and frustrated about persistent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. They also experienced or witnessed burnout and dropout due to leisure constraints. Most notably, participants had concerns about families and friends during the series of lockdowns, entailing extreme stress due to separation, illness, loss, and grief. Overall, this study provides practical implications for counseling practices about social and cultural considerations and systemic barriers that impact clients’ well-being.
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Yang, Seokwon. "Exploring the Causes of and Cures for Psychic Wounds: Freud’s Evolving Theory of Trauma Revisited." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2022.27.2.87.

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This essay aims to weave together Freud’s seemingly disparate discussions of the causes of and cures for trauma and attempts to unravel the significance of his contribution to the literature on trauma. Investigating the aetiology of hysteria, Freud discovers trauma, characterizing it as a psychic wound that persistently impacts the structure of the mind and explains the cure as the recovery of forgotten memory—along with the abreaction of the affect attached to it. Freud’s theoretical shift from “dissociation” to “repression” makes him underscore the idea of “working-through” as a pivotal part of psychoanalytic therapy, one that enables the subject to come to terms with repressed memory. War neuroses brought the concept of the repetition compulsion to his notice, leading him to develop the theory of the death drive, and he defines trauma as the ego’s defense against both endo- and exo-psychic dangers. He interprets the traumatic dream as a repeated attempt to master the traumatic situation with anxiety—a signal that prepares the subject for danger—the absence of which triggers traumatic neurosis. Later, this idea evolves into his suggestion that strengthening the patient’s ego empowers him to master the trauma that had previously overpowered him. Observing, however, that the ego defends itself against the process of recovery, just as it does against the threat of dangers, Freud uncovers the death drive underneath this resistance to recovery and envisages the asymptotic and incomplete process of the cure. Freud’s engagement with the issue of trauma presents several important points. The idea of strengthening the ego for therapeutic purposes echoes his early view of unpleasure as resulting from the ego’s lack of inhibition in the Project of Scientific Psychology, thus providing a thread of consistency in the seemingly discontinuous trajectory of his trauma theory. His emphasis on working-through highlights the importance of the subject’s active role in recovery, which may be disregarded in neuroscientific trauma studies. In historiography, the concept of working-through connotes the therapeutic process of persistently witnessing the truth of wounded individuals without closure. Freud’s account of the cooperation of the analyst and the patient may serve as a model for the “social space” in which a sympathetic listener bears witness to the testimony of the traumatized subject. Finally, the death drive that Freud excavates beneath the ego’s resistance to recovery evokes the concept of death as the ultimate danger to the ego, the mortality that the subject encounters in the course of his traumatic experience. Freud’s reflections on traumatic neurosis testify to his unflinching commitment to discerning the mechanisms and cures of trauma in the process of probing the psychic wounds of his patients.
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Roper, Michael. "From the Shell-shocked Soldier to the Nervous Child: Psychoanalysis in the Aftermath of the First World War." Psychoanalysis and History 18, no. 1 (January 2016): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2016.0177.

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This article investigates the development of child analysis in Britain between the wars, as the anxious child succeeded the shell-shocked soldier as a focus of psychoanalytic enquiry. Historians of psychoanalysis tend to regard the Second World War as a key moment in the discovery of the ‘war within’ the child, but it was in the aftermath of the First War that the warring psyche of the child was observed and elaborated. The personal experience of war and its aftermath, and the attention given to regression in the treatment of war neuroses, encouraged Melanie Klein, Anna Freud and others to turn their attention to children. At the same time, however, the impact of the First World War as a traumatic event, with inter-generational consequences, remained largely unaccounted for within psychoanalysis as Klein and others focused on the child's riven internal world.
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A.Ye., Chernysh. "DISCOURSE OF NEUROSIS IN S. PROTSYUK’S NOVEL “ROSE OF RITUAL PAIN”." South archive (philological sciences), no. 88 (December 16, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-88-2.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanism of the emergence and functioning of the discourse of neurosis of Vasyl Stefanyk on the material of the artistic and biographical novel by S. Protsyuk “Rose of Ritual Pain”.Methods of analysis, synthesis, description, interpretation, psychoanalytic methodology, postcolonial reading were used to analyze the set goal.Research results. The novel presents a wide range of artistic psychoanalytic tools – unconscious processes of mental development of the hero, traumas and traumatic events in the life of Vasily Stefanyk, a body of mental inspirations, built on numerous fears, neuroses, pain, a number of associations and suggestions, well-associated images and visionary discourses, indepth archetypes. It was found that neurosis is a natural consequence of the intensified struggle of various incarnations of Vasyl Stefanyk, which he tried to reconcile with each other. Significant aspects of the appearance and functioning of the neurotic state of the hero added children’s trauma, fears, complexes, stress, excessive anxiety. Internal tension and early childhood trauma formed deeply associated images of the beast with the bloody paw and the Bullet of Alarm as fundamental neurotic factors. The Oedipus complex and the conflict between the real idea of oneself and one’s ideal self also significantly developed the neurotic way of life of Vasyl Stefanyk. It is established that the image of Vasyl Stefanyk in the novel is marked by dispersive tension, excessive anxiety, which led to the emergence of a depressive, melancholic and partly infantile worldview. It was found that creativity helped the character to alleviate tension, fears, guilt, sins.Conclusions. The image of Vasyl Stefanyk in the novel is marked by neurosis, the key components of which are excessive anxiety, depression, actually neurotic and mental disorders in behavior, fears and addictions, communication problems, the Oedipus complex, multiple personality. Important psychoanalytic codes for the interpretation of the neurotic type of personality are the deep personal associations of the Bullet of Alarm and the beast with the bloody paw, which express the neurotic discourse of the protagonist’s performance.Key words: neurosis, fear, trauma, anxiety, association. Мета статті – на матеріалі художньо-біографічного роману С. Процюка «Троянда ритуального болю» проаналізувати механізм появи і функціонування дискурсу неврозу Василя Стефаника.Для аналізу поставленої мети використано дослідницькі прийоми систематизації, класифікації та узагальнення, застосовано психоаналітичну методологію, постколоніальне прочитання.Результати дослідження. У романі представлений широкий художній психоаналітичний інструментарій – неусвідомлені процеси психічного розвитку героя, травми і травматичні події у житті Василя Стефаника, корпус душевних інспірацій, розбудованих на численних страхах, неврозах, болях, низка асоціацій і сугестій, вдало засоційованих образів тривоги і неспокою, хитросплетених сновидного й візійного дискурсів, поглибленої архетипіки. Зʼясовано, що невроз є закономірним наслідком утривавленої боротьби різних іпостасей Василя Стефаника, які він намагався примирити між собою. Вагомих аспектів появи і функціонування невротичного стану героя додали дитячі травми, страхи, комплекси, стреси, надмірна тривожність. Внутрішня напруга й рання дитяча травма виформували глибоко засоційовані образи звіра із кривавою пащекою і Кулі Тривоги як засадничих невротичних факторів. Едіпів комплекс і конфлікт між реальним уявленням себе та своїм ідеальним Я також вагомо розвивали невротичний спосіб життєукладу Василя Стефаника. Встановлено, що образ Василя Стефаника в романі відзначається дисперсійною напругою, надмірною тривожністю, що призвело до появи депресійного, меланхолійного і почасти інфантильного світоставлення. Зʼясовано, що творчість допомагала персонажеві притлумлювати напругу, страхи, відчуття провини, гріхи.Висновки. Образ Василя Стефаника в романі маркований неврозом, ключовими складниками якого є надмірна тривога, депресія, власне невротичні і психічні зриви в поведінці, страхи і залежності, проблеми в комунікації, Едіпів комплекс, множинна особистість. Важливими психоаналітичними кодами потрактування невротичного типу особистості є глибинні осібні асоціації Кулі Тривоги та звіра із кривавою пащекою, що увиразнюють невротичний дискурс виповнення головного героя.Ключові слова: невроз, страх, травма, тривога, асоціація.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traumatic neuroses"

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Deguara, Michael C. "Feel it and deal with it : mental health practitioners' experiences of exposure to the trauma material of survivor clients /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17280.pdf.

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Payne, Karen S. "Social support and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in Vietnam veterans /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259580263462.

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Cox, Michelle, and shelleyjcox@hotmail com. "Attentional bias effects following trauma exposure comparison of emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision task paradigms." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051130.132059.

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Attentional bias effects for threat and emotional words were investigated, using both the emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision paradigms. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-eight survivors of sexual assault participated in this study, which comprised three key comparisons. First, key predictions of the threat and emotionality hypotheses were compared, in particular specific and general threat effects, and positive and negative emotionality effects. Second, two separate group comparisons were conducted, specifically controls versus survivors of sexual assault overall, and a matched subset of controls versus PTSD positive survivors of sexual assault versus PTSD negative survivors of sexual assault. Third, performance on the emotional Stroop task and emotional lexical decision task paradigms were compared directly. Slowed colour naming responses (i.e. interference) were observed for both threat effects and emotionality effects in the emotional Stroop task. For the emotional lexical decision task, slowed lexical decisions (i.e. interference) were observed for threat effects, whereas speeded lexical decisions (i.e. facilitation) were observed for emotionality effects. The findings of the current study indicate that threat and emotionality effects may co-exist in both control and survivor populations. The relationship between the presence or absence of PTSD symptoms and threat and emotionality effects requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. There may be a relationship between the presence of PTSD symptoms and specific threat effects, however the findings of the current study for general threat information were inconclusive. No relationship was evident between the presence of absence of PTSD symptoms and positive or negative emotionality effects. The current findings suggest that the emotional Stroop task may be better suited to quantifying threat effects but not emotionality effects, whereas the emotional lexical decision task appears to be able to quantify both threat and emotionality effects.
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Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.

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Courtney, Patrick E. "Central need schemas and response to trauma : is sexual identity a variable?" Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014793.

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This study explored the relationship between life events and central need schemas(i.e. basic assumptions about oneself and the world). The hypotheses tested were 1) people who have experienced traumatic stress will have more negative or disrupted schemas in areas of central need than those who haven't experienced traumatic stress, 2) the schemas of lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual men and women who have not experienced significant traumatic stress differ from those of heterosexual men and women who have not experienced significant traumatic stress, and 3) one's sexual identity is a variable in how one responds to traumatic stress. Results did not support the first or third hypotheses. However, support was found for the second hypothesis. Lack of support for two of the hypotheses is believed to be due to the specific data analysis used for the study A discussion of the results and suggestions for future research are then presented.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Young, Marna. "Exploring the meaning of trauma in the South African Police Service." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102007-123001.

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Graumann, Esther. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response to traumatic stress." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05072007-174733.

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Meyburgh, Tanja M. "The body remembers body mapping and narratives of physical trauma /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052007-114221.

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Ward, Laurian Gillian. "Family experiences of physical trauma." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292008-113212.

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Crisp, William A. "Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Effect of Intelligence on Symptomatology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4527/.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology and intelligence. Thirty American combat veterans of the Vietnam War, diagnosed with chronic PTSD, were given a psychodiagnostic structured interview. Participants were assessed for Intelligence Quotient as well as the veracity of their self report. The study found that there were significant differences in how participants experienced their PTSD symptoms that were correlated with intelligence. The higher IQ participants reported more frequent and intense guilt related symptoms as well as more intense intrusive recollections. The lower IQ participants experienced more frequent startle responses, more intense problems related to falling or remaining asleep and more frequent affective symptoms related to emotional numbing. Psychologists could use these differences in how PTSD is experienced in treatment planning. It may be useful for therapy to address sleep disturbances and affective numbing in lower IQ individuals. Therapy for higher IQ individuals may be more useful if it addresses feelings of guilt and intrusive recollections.
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Books on the topic "Traumatic neuroses"

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Rothschild, Babette. Trauma essentials: The go-to guide. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.

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Schreuder, Johannes Nicolaas. Nachtmerries van de oorlog: Een onderzoek naar nachtelijke herbelevingen van psychotraumatische oorlogservaringen. Delft: Eburon, 1996.

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Sairigné, Guillemette de. Tous les dragons de notre vie...: Chroniques du bord du gouffre. [Paris]: Fayard, 1993.

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Laguerre, Claire-Emmanuelle. Événements traumatiques à la Martinique: Les vivre et les surmonter. Paris: Harmattan, 2014.

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Canada. Department of Veterans' Affairs. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and war-related stress. Ottawa, Ont: Veterans Affairs Canada, 2001.

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A, Engelsman, ed. Oorlogstrauma's na 45 jaar?: Politiek en psychiatrisch ongeduld. Amsterdam: Van Gennep, 1989.

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Gannagé, Myrna. L' enfant, les parents et la guerre: Une étude clinique au Liban. Paris: ESF éditeur, 1999.

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Peart, Jane. Thread of suspicion. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1999.

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Ponseti-Gaillochon, Annick. Le débriefing psychologique: Pratique, bilan et évolution des soins. Paris: Dunod, 2009.

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Ponseti-Gaillochon, Annick. Le débriefing psychologique: Pratique, bilan et évolution des soins. Paris: Dunod, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traumatic neuroses"

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Croft, Hazel. "Rethinking Civilian Neuroses in the Second World War." In Traumatic Memories of the Second World War and After, 95–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33470-7_5.

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Hadfield, J. A. "Traumatic Neurosis." In Psychology and Mental Health, 174–83. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003259855-9.

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Rao, Rajnish P., Aparna Suvrathan, Melinda M. Miller, Bruce S. McEwen, and Sumantra Chattarji. "PTSD: From Neurons to Networks." In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 151–84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-329-9_7.

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Shiromani, Priyattam J., and Carlos Blanco-Centurion. "Arousal Neurons in the Brain." In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 187–200. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-329-9_8.

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Bel, S., and B. L. Bauer. "Outcome of Traumatic Peripheral Neuromas After Microsurgical Procedure." In Peripheral Nerve Lesions, 239–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75611-5_39.

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Rodger, James A. "NeuroIS Knowledge Discovery Approach to Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injury Survival Rates: A Semantic Data Analysis Regression Feasibility Study." In Information Systems and Neuroscience, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18702-0_1.

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Boone, Deborah R., Harris A. Weisz, Stacy L. Sell, and Helen L. Hellmich. "Laser Capture Microdissection in Traumatic Brain Injury Research: Obtaining Hippocampal Subregions and Pools of Injured Neurons for Genomic Analyses." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 235–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_13.

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"A. Traumatic Neuroses." In The Psychoanalytic Theory Of Neurosis, 111–22. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203981580-10.

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Davidson, Jonathan. "Biological Aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." In Biological Basis and Therapy of Neuroses, 107–20. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351070249-6.

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Harrington, Francis Joseph. "Abram Kardiner’s Inquiry Into the Traumatic Neuroses of War." In Trauma, Shame, and Secret Making, 31–40. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315278216-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Traumatic neuroses"

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Cao, Guoxin, You Zhou, Jeong Soon Lee, Jung Yul Lim, and Namas Chandra. "Mechanical Model of Neuronal Function Loss." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39447.

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The mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is directly related to the relationship between the mechanical response of neurons and their biological/chemical functions since the neuron is the main functional component of brain.1 The hypotheses is that the external mechanical load will firstly cause the mechanical deformation of neurons, and then, when the mechanical deformation of neurons reaches to a critical point (the mechanical deformation threshold), it will initiate the chemical/biological response (e.g. neuronal function loss). Therefore, defining and measuring the mechanical deformation threshold for the neuronal cell injury is an important first step to understand the mechanism of mTBI. Typically, the mechanical response of neurons is investigated based on the deformation of in vitro model, in which the neurons are cultured on the elastic substrate (e.g. PDMS membranes). The elastic membrane is deformed by the external load, e.g. equibiaxial stretching. The substrate deformation is considered to be the deformation of neurons since the substrate is several orders stiffer than the neurons and the neurons are perfectly bonded with the substrate. The fluoresce method is typically used to test the cell injury, e.g. the cell vitality and the neuron internal ROS level.1, 2
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Wright, Rika M., and K. T. Ramesh. "The Use of a Cellular Strain Injury Criterion and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in a Computational Model of Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19562.

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With the increase in the number of soldiers sustaining traumatic brain injury from military incidents and the recent attention on sports related traumatic brain injury, there has been a focused effort to develop preventative and treatment methods for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traumatic brain injury is caused by mechanical loading to the head, such as from impacts, sudden accelerations, or blast loading, and the pathology can range from focal damage in the brain to widespread diffuse injury [1]. In this study, we investigate the injury mechanisms of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which accounts for the second largest percentage of deaths due to brain trauma [2]. DAI is caused by sudden inertial loads to the head, and it is characterized by damage to neural axons. Despite the extensive research on DAI, the coupling between the mechanical loading to the head and the damage at the cellular level is still poorly understood. Unlike previous computational models that use macroscopic stress and strain measures to determine injury, a cellular injury criterion is used in this work as numerous studies have shown that cellular strain can be related to the functional damage of neurons. The effectiveness of using this cellular injury criterion to predict damage in a finite element model of DAI is investigated.
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Bernick, Kristin, Thibault Prévost, Simona Socrate, and Subra Suresh. "Mechanical Response of Rat Cortical Neurons: AFM Indentations and Preliminary Modeling." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206207.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to blast exposure is becoming increasingly prevalent in soldiers returning from war and some consider TBI to be the signature wound of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts [1]. Common causes are exposure to explosions of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), rocket-propelled grenades, and landmines. A study by Hoge et al found that of 2525 soldiers, 4.9% reported injuries with loss of consciousness and an additional 10.3% reported injuries with altered mental status [2]. Despite the prevalence of TBI, little is known on the epidemiology of mild TBI and on its long-term health consequences. An improved understanding of the damage mechanism and injury progression will be critical for designing better protective gear and selecting appropriate treatments.
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Duman, Osman Mert, Cenk Celik, Mehmet Sarikanat, and Aylin Sendemir Urkmez. "Investigation of central nervous system neurons under mechanical strain: An in vitro traumatic brain injury model." In 2014 18th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting (BIYOMUT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biyomut.2014.7026384.

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5

Bernick, Kristin B., and Simona Socrate. "Substrate Dependence of Mechanical Response of Neurons and Astrocytes." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53538.

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The response of neural cells to mechanical cues is a critical component of the innate neuroprotective cascade aimed at minimizing the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Reactive gliosis and the formation of glial scars around the lesion site are among the processes triggered by TBI where mechanical stimuli play a central role. It is well established that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment influence phenotype and morphology in most cell types. It has been shown that astrocytes change morphology [1] and cytoskeletal content [2] when grown on substrates of varying stiffness, and that mechanically injured astrocyte cultures show alterations in cell stiffness [3]. Accurate estimates of the mechanical properties of central nervous system (CNS) cells in their in-vivo conditions are needed to develop multiscale models of TBI. Lu et al found astrocytes to be softer than neurons under small deformations [4]. In recent studies, we investigated the response of neurons to large strains and at different loading rates in order to develop single cell models capable of simulating cell deformations in regimes relevant for TBI conditions [5]. However, these studies have been conducted on cells cultured on hard substrates, and the measured cell properties might differ from their in-vivo counterparts due to the aforementioned effects. Here, in order to investigate the effects of substrate stiffness on the cell mechanical properties, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal imaging techniques to characterize the response of primary neurons and astrocytes cultured on polyacrylamide (PAA) gels of varying composition. The use of artificial gels minimizes confounding effects associated with biopolymer gels (both protein-based and polysaccharide-based) where specific receptor bindings may trigger additional biochemical responses [1].
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Chen, Xiaoming, Garrett W. Astary, Thomas H. Mareci, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "In Vivo Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging for Direct Infusion Into Rat Peripheral Nerve." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192919.

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Direct infusion of therapeutic agents into the spinal cord provides a promising way to treat traumatic injury and intrinsic diseases of the spinal cord, which may cause paralysis and other neurological deficits. Direct infusion into the spinal cord involves complex invasive surgery since the spinal cord is well protected by the vertebral bone. Instead, infusion directly into peripheral nerves is of interest since it provides a remote delivery site to the spinal cord, requiring less invasive surgery and reducing the risk of spinal cord injury during surgery. It may also allow targeting of specific neurons at nerve root entry. Previous studies have shown [1, 2] that transport in peripheral nerves is anisotropic with a preferred direction parallel to the fiber tracts. A large-scale longitudinal spread of molecular agents may be obtained and spread of molecular agents into the spinal cord may be possible.
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Lusardi, Theresa A., John Wolf, Douglas H. Smith, and David F. Meaney. "Strain and Strain Rate Dependent Changes in Cytosolic Calcium of Cultured Neurons Subjected to Mechanical Stretch." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0795.

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Abstract In this study, we examined the response of cultured neurons to mechanical stretch, varying the rate and magnitude of mechanical stretch to encompass both physiological and non-physiological levels. Fully differentiated NTera2 cells, a human-derived neuronal cell line, were cultured on a flexible substrate and a uniaxial strain was applied to the neurons at a specified magnitude and rate. Using rates representing non-physiologic (rapid onset time of 20ms and intermediate onset time of 85 ms), and physiologic levels (slow onset time of 1.5sec), we measured the intracellular calcium transient using the calcium indicator dye Fura-2. Immediately following the stretch, intracellular calcium concentration increased, then decreased as the cells attempted to restore pre-stretch cytosolic calcium levels. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed that normalized peak [Ca+2]i immediately following stretch, average [Ca+2]i following the stimulation, and the final [Ca+2]i value at 4 minutes post-stretch had a significant (p < .0005) dependence on the rate and magnitude at which stretch was applied. At the physiologic rate cell response was minimal, while cell response was maximal at the severe onset rate. Unexpectedly, we observed an attenuation in the response in high stretch, high rate group. At the highest stretch rate studied, these data provide insight into the response of neurons to deformations associated with mechanical trauma. Since calcium is an important cation for processes that can remodel the cytoarchitecture, affect cell signaling, and influence gene expression, the changes associated with the high rates provide at least one pathway for influencing both acute and chronic changes in neuronal behavior following traumatic injury.
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Yu, Zhe, Candice Tsay, Stephanie P. Lacour, Sigurd Wagner, and Barclay Morrison. "Stretchable microelectrode arrays a tool for discovering mechanisms of functional deficits underlying traumatic brain injury and interfacing neurons with neuroprosthetics." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260933.

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Wright, Rika M., and K. T. Ramesh. "Anisotropic Modeling of Fibrous White Matter." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192582.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating injury that affects more than 1.4 million people in the United States each year. Of the incidences of TBI, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) accounts for the second largest percentage of deaths. DAI is caused by inertial loads to the head, and it is characterized by damage to neurons. Despite the extensive research on DAI, the injury mechanisms associated with the pathology are still poorly understood. The crucial link between the inertial forces to the head at the macroscale and the resulting damage at the cellular level has yet to be explained. An integral step to understanding this coupling between mechanical forces and the functional damage of neurons is the development of an analytical model that accurately represents the mechanics of brain deformation under inertial loads. It has been noted in clinical and experimental studies that the most common injury location of DAI is within the deep white matter of the brain. Structures such as the splenium of the corpus callosum are cited as being highly susceptible to damage [1]. Although numerous brain tissue models have been proposed, few models account for the anisotropic nature of white matter in the brain. As a first step in developing an anisotropic model for white matter, the effect of the invariant terms in a strain energy function for white matter is analyzed.
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Schwierling, Hana, Christopher J. O’Connell, Evan L. Reeder, Ryan S. Brown, and Matthew J. Robson. "Neuron Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF/REST): A Novel Transcription Factor Regulating Cellular Reprogramming of 5-HT Neurons Following Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASPET 2024 Annual Meeting Abstract. American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.334.102067.

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