Journal articles: 'Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy'

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Cohen, Judith A., and Anthony P. Mannarino. "Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children and Parents." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 13, no. 4 (November 2008): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00502.x.

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Pollio, Elisabeth, and Esther Deblinger. "Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for young children: clinical considerations." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 8, sup7 (December 15, 2017): 1433929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1433929.

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Lowe, Charlotte, and Craig Murray. "Adult Service-Users’ Experiences of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy." Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 44, no. 4 (June 14, 2014): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10879-014-9272-1.

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O'Driscoll, Ciarán, Oliver Mason, Francesca Brady, Ben Smith, and Craig Steel. "Process analysis of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with schizophrenia." Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 89, no. 2 (July 23, 2015): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papt.12072.

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Bisson, Jonathan I., Anke Ehlers, Rosa Matthews, Stephen Pilling, David Richards, and Stuart Turner. "Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 190, no. 2 (February 2007): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021402.

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BackgroundThe relative efficacy of different psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear.AimsTo determine the efficacy of specific psychological treatments for chronic PTSD.MethodIn a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, eligible studies were assessed against methodological qualitycriteria and data were extracted and analysed.ResultsThirty-eight randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TFCBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), stress management and group cognitive-behavioural therapy improved PTSD symptoms more than waiting-list or usual care. There was inconclusive evidence regarding other therapies. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between TFCBT and EMDR butthere was some evidence that TFCBT and EMDR were superior to stress management and other therapies, and that stress management was superior to other therapies.ConclusionsThe first-line psychological treatment for PTSD should be trauma-focused (TFCBTor EMDR).

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de Haan, Anke, Caitlin Hitchcock, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Markus A. Landolt, Isla Kuhn, Melissa J. Black, Kristel Klaus, Shivam D. Patel, David J. Fisher, and Tim Dalgleish. "Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies in children and adolescents: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e047212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047212.

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IntroductionTrauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies are the first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, open questions remain with respect to efficacy: why does this first-line treatment not work for everyone? For whom does it work best? Individual clinical trials often do not provide sufficient statistical power to examine and substantiate moderating factors. To overcome the issue of limited power, an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials evaluating forms of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years will be conducted.Methods and analysisWe will update the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline literature search from 2018 with an electronic search in the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL with the terms (trauma* OR stress*) AND (cognitive therap* OR psychotherap*) AND (trial* OR review*). Electronic searches will be supplemented by a comprehensive grey literature search in archives and trial registries. Only randomised trials that used any manualised psychological treatment—that is a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents—will be included. The primary outcome variable will be child-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) post-treatment. Proxy-reports (teacher, parent and caregiver) will be analysed separately. Secondary outcomes will include follow-up assessments of PTSS, PTSD diagnosis and symptoms of comorbid disorders such as depression, anxiety-related and externalising problems. Random-effects models applying restricted maximum likelihood estimation will be used for all analyses. We will use the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to measure risk of bias.Ethics and disseminationContributing study authors need to have permission to share anonymised data. Contributing studies will be required to remove patient identifiers before providing their data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019151954.

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Moorey, Stirling. "Cognitive behaviour therapy for whom?" Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.2.1.17.

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In many ways cognitive and behavioural therapies represent the acceptable face of psychotherapy for the general psychiatrist. They are brief, focused, problem-oriented treatments, which take symptoms seriously. They show an affinity for the medical model in their acceptance of diagnostic categories and their commitment to effective evaluation of treatments through randomised controlled trials. The wide applicability of these therapies is also attractive to the general psychiatrist. Cognitive and behavioural techniques are of major importance in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, and sexual dysfunctions, and beyond this core group the methods can be applied to enhance coping and change unwanted behaviours in conditions as diverse as cancer, chronic pain, substance abuse, anger control, schizophrenia, and challenging behaviours in people with learning disabilities.

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Garety, P. A. "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis." Die Psychiatrie 9, no. 02 (April 2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671779.

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SummaryCognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp), with its theoretical underpinning derived from cognitive models of psychosis, is described. The therapeutic approach is elucidated, in terms of goals, techniques, content and style. Adjustments of the therapy to address the particular problems of psychosis, including building a therapeutic relationship and matching cognitive capacities, are highlighted. The extensive evidence for the effectiveness of CBTp is reviewed and methodological issues in trials noted. The evidence shows that CBTp has small to medium effects on a range of outcomes, including symptoms, affect and functioning, and that the evidence is most consistent for improvements in people with persistent positive symptoms. New developments in CBTp are described, and the promise of developing focused treatments targeting specific psychological processes, such as reasoning or emotional processes, hypothesized as causal mechanisms of distressing symptom persistence. Finally, to support implementation of CBTp in practice, it is concluded that there is a need for dissemination programs, addressing staff attitudes and skills and wider system changes.

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Hébert, Martine, Isabelle V. Daignault, and Claudia Blanchard-Dallaire. "Adaptation of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for cases of child sexual abuse with complex trauma: A clinical case illustration." International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1072599ar.

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Child sexual abuse is an important public health issue given its magnitude and the multiple associated consequences. The diversity of profiles in child victims of sexual abuse calls for a more personalized approach to treatment. Indeed, recent studies suggest that children display a variety of symptoms and that a subgroup of sexually abused children may present a profile of complex trauma. This article first presents a review of the scientific literature that positions Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT; Cohen et al., 2017) amongst the best practices to address trauma-related symptoms following child sexual abuse; whether it is co-occurring with other forms of violence or not. Various adaptations of TF-CBT therapy are proposed by the authors (Cohen et al., 2012) to treat children facing complex trauma. These adaptations are summarized and illustrated with the presentation of a clinical case involving two siblings from the same family.

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Biggs, C., N. Tehrani, and J. Billings. "Brief trauma therapy for occupational trauma-related PTSD/CPTSD in UK police." Occupational Medicine 71, no. 4-5 (June 1, 2021): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab075.

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Abstract Background Police are frequently exposed to occupational trauma, making them vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. Through personal and occupational trauma police are also at risk of developing Complex PTSD (CPTSD), associated with prolonged and repetitive trauma. Police Occupational Health Services require effective interventions to treat officers experiencing mental health conditions, including CPTSD. However, there is a lack of guidance for the treatment of occupational trauma. Aims To explore differences in demographics and trauma exposure between police with CPTSD and PTSD and compare the effectiveness of brief trauma-focused therapy between these diagnostic groups. Methods Observational cohort study using clinical data from the Trauma Support Service, providing brief trauma-focused therapy for PTSD (cognitive behavioural therapy/eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to UK police officers. Demographics, trauma exposure, baseline symptom severity and treatment effectiveness were compared between police with PTSD and CPTSD. Changes in PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms were used to measure treatment effectiveness. Results Brief trauma therapy reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Treatment effectiveness did not differ between CPTSD and PTSD groups. Police with CPTSD exposed to both primary and secondary occupational trauma had poorer treatment outcomes than those exposed to a single occupational trauma type. Conclusions Brief trauma-focused interventions are potentially effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety in police with CPTSD and PTSD. Further research is needed to establish whether additional CPTSD symptoms (affect dysregulation, self-perception and relational difficulties) are also reduced.

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Shearing, Vanessa, Deborah Lee, and Sue Clohessy. "How do clients experience reliving as part of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder?" Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 84, no. 4 (May 18, 2011): 458–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2010.02012.x.

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McIntosh, Virginia V. W., Jennifer Jordan, Janet D. Carter, Christopher M. A. Frampton, Janice M. McKenzie, Janet D. Latner, and Peter R. Joyce. "Psychotherapy for transdiagnostic binge eating: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy, appetite-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, and schema therapy." Psychiatry Research 240 (June 2016): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.080.

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Stovall-McClough, C. "Trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy reduces PTSD more effectively than child centred therapy in children who have been sexually abused." Evidence-Based Mental Health 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.7.4.113.

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Behrens, Brett C., W. Kim Halford, and Matthew R. Sanders. "Behavioural Marital Therapy: An Overview." Behaviour Change 6, no. 3-4 (September 1989): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000749x.

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Behavioural marital therapy (BMT) has developed from the application of social exchange and social learning theories to the understanding and modification of marital interaction. Encouraging high rates of exchange of positive behaviours, and training in communication skills, have been the major focuses of BMT till recently. While these strategies produce therapeutic change, there are still many couples whose marriages do not improve with this sort of therapy. Recent developments have focused on the role of cognitive, affective and situational variables in marital interaction. Outcome research has shown the value of cognitive and affective interventions in their own right, but it is unclear if the addition of these interventions will enhance the efficacy of BMT.

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Naeem, Farooq, Peter Phiri, Shanaya Rathod, and Muhammad Ayub. "Cultural adaptation of cognitive–behavioural therapy." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 6 (April 10, 2019): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.15.

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SUMMARYThe study of cultural factors in the application of psychotherapy across cultures – ethnopsychotherapy – is an emerging field. It has been argued that Western cultural values underpin cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) as they do other modern psychosocial interventions developed in the West. Therefore, attempts have been made to culturally adapt CBT for ethnic minority patients in the West and local populations outside the West. Some frameworks have been proposed based on therapists’ individual experiences, but this article describes a framework that evolved from a series of qualitative studies to culturally adapt CBT and that was field tested in randomised controlled trials. We describe the process of adaptation, details of methods used and the areas that need to be focused on to adapt CBT to a given culture. Further research is required to move the field forward, but cultural adaptation alone cannot improve outcomes. Access to evidence-based psychosocial interventions, including CBT, needs to be improved for culturally adapted interventions to achieve their full potential.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •recognise the link between cultural factors and the need to adapt psychosocial interventions•identify the necessary steps to culturally adapt CBT•understand the modifications required to deliver therapy to individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Spence, Jay, Nickolai Titov, Luke Johnston, Michael P. Jones, Blake F. Dear, and Karen Solley. "Internet-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for PTSD with and without exposure components: A randomised controlled trial." Journal of Affective Disorders 162 (June 2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.009.

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Moon, Gyeong hee. "The Case Study of a Child with Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder: Form the Perspective of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.8.2.9.

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Buhmann, Caecilie Böck, Jessica Carlsson, and Erik Lykke Mortensen. "Satisfaction of trauma-affected refugees treated with antidepressants and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy." Torture Journal 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v28i2.106879.

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Purpose: This study seeks to evaluate the satisfaction of trauma-affected refugees after treatment with antidepressants, psycho-education and flexible Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) including trauma exposure. Material and methods: A treatment satisfaction questionnaire was completed by patients at the end of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing treatment with CBT and antidepressants. A patient satisfaction score was developed based on the questionnaire, and predictors of satisfaction were analysed in regression models. Telephone interviews were conducted with patients dropping out of treatment before the end of the trial. Results: In total, 193 trauma-affected refugees with PTSD were included in the study. Patients were overall satisfied with flexible CBT including exposure treatment in cases where this was part of the treatment. There was no statistically significant association between treatment outcome and satisfaction and satisfaction and treatment efficacy were independent of each other. The results showed that bi-cultural patients who had lived in Denmark for more than a decade were satisfied with the treatment based on a western psychotherapy model. Discussion: Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and flexible CBT, including trauma exposure, is acceptable for trauma-affected refugees. More studies are needed to evaluate patient satisfaction with western psychotherapy models in refugee patients who have recently arrived and to compare satisfaction with alternative treatment models.

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Green, Ben. "Post-traumatic stress disorder: new directions in pharmacotherapy." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 19, no. 3 (May 2013): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.111.010041.

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SummaryAs many as 10% of the population experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some time in their lives. It often runs a severe, chronic and treatment-resistant course. This article reviews the evidence base for typically recommended treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It tabulates the major randomised controlled trials of SSRIs and trauma-focused CBT and reviews research on novel treatments such as ketamine, MDMA, quetiapine, propranolol and prazosin.

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Emanuels-Zuurveen, Lineke, and Paul M. G. Emmelkamp. "Individual Behavioural–Cognitive Therapy v. Marital Therapy for Depression in Maritally Distressed Couples." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 2 (August 1996): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.2.181.

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BackgroundDepressed patients are often characterised by marital distress, but few studies investigate the effects of marital therapy on depressed mood and relationship dysfunction.MethodTwenty-seven depressed patients experiencing marital distress were randomly assigned to either individual behavioural–cognitive therapy or marital therapy. The individual treatment condition focused on depressed mood, behavioural activity and dysfunctional cognitions, whereas in the marital condition the partner was involved in the treatment and the focus was on the communication process in the marital relationship. MANOVAs revealed that treatment led to statistically significant improvements in depressed mood, behavioural activity and dysfunctional cognitions, an increase in relationship satisfaction and improvement of communication in patients and spouses. A significant interaction effect was found, showing that marital therapy had more impact on relationship variables than the individual treatment.ConclusionBoth individual cognitive–behaviour therapy and marital therapy lead to less depressive complaints, and both treatment conditions have a positive effect on the relationship, although the effect on the relationship is significantly stronger in couples who were treated by marital therapy compared with patients who were treated individually.

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Loos, S., D. Tutus, R. Kilian, and L. Goldbeck. "Do caregivers’ perspectives matter? Working alliances and treatment outcomes in trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy with children and adolescents." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 11, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 1753939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1753939.

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Asano, Kenichi, and Eiji Shimizu. "A Case Report of Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) for a Japanese Patient with Recurrent Depressive Disorder: The Importance of Layered Processes in CFT." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2018 (October 17, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4165434.

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Major depressive disorder is a common mental health problem around the world. To treat depression, cognitive behavioural therapy is highly recommended by some guidelines. However, there are reports pointing out the existence of patients who do not respond to cognitive behavioural therapy because of dissociation between thoughts and experiences. To treat such patients, compassion focused therapy was developed, but there are no reports of compassion focused therapy for Japanese patients. This report presents a case of compassion focused therapy for a Japanese female with major depressive disorder and suicidal feelings. After receiving compassion focused therapy, the patient recovered and began to have social interaction with others again. This case suggested the importance of psychoeducation, exercises involving compassionate images and breathing, and a compassionate relationship in conducting compassion focused therapy.

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Carvalho, S., C. P. Martins, H. S. Almeida, and F. Silva. "The Evolution of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy – The Third Generation and Its Effectiveness." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s773—s774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1461.

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Introduction.First wave cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses essentially on classical conditioning and operant learning and second wave on information processing. They are based on the premise that certain cognitions, emotions and physiological states lead to dysfunctional behaviour and so, by eliminating the first ones, changes in behaviour will take place. Third wave CBT appeared in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of first and second wave by emphasizing contextual and experiential change strategies.Objectives/Aims.To make a review on the actual state of the art of third wave CBT, focusing on MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction), MCBT (Mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), DBT (Dialectical Behaviour Therapy), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and CFT (Compassion Focused Therapy).Methods.Research on PubMed using the terms “third wave cognitive behavioural therapy”.Results.Methods and targets differ between MBSR, MCBT, DBT, ACT and CFT. Depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorders are some of those targets. However, a transdiagnostic approach is the hallmark of all third wave therapies: mental processes or emotions transversal to many psychiatric disorders such as shame, self-criticism, experiential avoidance or cognitive fusion are the main focus, emphasizing the context and human experience over any categorical diagnosis.Conclusions.Third wave cognitive behavioural therapy is an emerging approach born from the need to improve and complement first and second waves. Although very promising, it is still a recent approach and data to support its superiority over the conventional therapies is missing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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de Groot, Jules, Vanessa Cobham, Joyce Leong, and Brett McDermott. "Individual Versus Group Family-Focused Cognitive–Behaviour Therapy for Childhood Anxiety: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 12 (December 2007): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701689436.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the relative effectiveness of group and individual formats of a family-focused cognitive–behavioural intervention, for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Method: Twenty-nine clinically anxious children aged between 7 and 12 years were randomly allocated to either individual cognitive–behaviour therapy (ICBT) or group cognitive–behaviour therapy (GCBT). Results: At post-treatment assessment 57% of children in the ICBT condition no longer met criteria for any anxiety disorder, compared to 47% of children in the GCBT condition. At 3 month follow up these improvements were retained with some weakening. By the 6 month follow up 50% of children in the ICBT compared to 53% of children in the GCBT condition were anxiety diagnosis free. In terms of questionnaire data, no significant differences were detected between the ICBT and GCBT conditions at any of the follow-up points. However, a significant treatment effect for time was found, with both self-reports and parent reports indicating a significant reduction over time in anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, results suggest that children with anxiety disorders appear to improve following a family-focused cognitive behavioural intervention, regardless of individual or group administration. The interpretation and potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed, together with the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.

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Kaminer, Debra, and Gillian T. Eagle. "Interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the evidence base." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316646950.

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Given high rates of trauma exposure in South Africa, mental health practitioners often need to deliver interventions to trauma survivors. While there have been few local trauma intervention studies, there is an extensive international evidence base that provides a rich resource on which to draw. This article reviews evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder. The current weight of evidence supports the use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy approaches in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and the use of multimodal, phase-based interventions to treat complex posttraumatic stress disorder. There is also a long-standing, though less extensive, evidence base for psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of these conditions, as well as a number of emerging treatment approaches that require further study. While there are some limitations to transferring these approaches to the South African context, the current evidence base provides valuable guidelines for local practitioners seeking to develop their competencies in treating posttraumatic stress disorder and more complex trauma-based presentations.

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Connan, F., and G. Waller. "Both focused and enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy improve eating disorder symptom severity." Evidence-Based Mental Health 12, no. 4 (October 23, 2009): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.12.4.119.

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Neelakantan, Lakshmi, Sarah Hetrick, and Daniel Michelson. "Users’ experiences of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative research." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 28, no. 7 (May 25, 2018): 877–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1150-z.

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Murray, Hannah. "Evaluation of a Trauma-Focused CBT Training Programme for IAPT services." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, no. 5 (March 28, 2017): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465816000606.

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Background: Therapists in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are often expected to treat complex presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as individuals with multiple, prolonged or early life trauma histories and significant co-morbidity, for which they have received minimal training. Although high recovery rates for PTSD have been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, these are not always replicated in routine practice, suggesting that training interventions are required to fill the research–practice gap. Aims: This study investigated the outcomes of a therapist training programme on treating PTSD with trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Method: Twenty therapists from ten IAPT services participated in the training, which consisted of workshops, webinars and consultation sessions over a 6-month period. Results: Feedback indicated that participants found the training highly acceptable. PTSD knowledge and self- and supervisor-rated competence on TF-CBT measures improved following the training and improvements were maintained a year later. Client outcomes on a PTSD measure improved following the training. Participants reported attempts to disseminate learning from the course back to their teams. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the training programme was successful in improving TF-CBT knowledge, skills and outcomes for IAPT therapists. Tentative support for training ‘trauma experts’ within IAPT services was found, although institutional constraints and staff turnover may limit the sustainability of the model.

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Morrison, Anthony P. "A cognitive behavioural perspective on the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000245.

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AbstractThis editorial reviews the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of psychosis in adulthood. There are numerous studies, including large, prospective studies, which clearly support a link between childhood adversity and experience of psychosis later in life. There is also evidence that there is a dose response relationship, and that childhood trauma is particularly associated with the experience of hallucinations and delusional ideas. It is possible that psychosis is a relatively understandable response to the experience of severe trauma, and recent cognitive models of psychosis can help to explain the underlying mechanisms in such a causal relationship. There are obvious treatment implications, which include the need to assess histories of childhood trauma in people with psychosis, the incorporation of trauma in shared understandings of psychosis with service users, the incorporation of change strategies in cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis that are derived from evidence-based approaches to the treatment of trauma and PTSD, and the prevention of traumatisation by mental health services.Declaration of Interest: None.

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Ito, Daisuke, Asuka Watanabe, Sakino Takeichi, Ayako Ishihara, and Kazuyoshi Yamamoto. "A Preliminary Study of Work-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy for Japanese Workers." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465818000280.

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Background: In Japan, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been introduced in the ‘Rework Programme’, but its impact on return to work (RTW) has not been fully clarified. Aims: This pilot study investigated the initial efficacy of a work-focused cognitive behavioural group therapy (WF-CBGT) for Japanese workers on sick leave due to depression. Method: Twenty-three patients on leave due to depression were recruited from a mental health clinic. WF-CBGT including behavioural activation therapy, cognitive therapy, and problem-solving therapy techniques was conducted for eight weekly 150-minute sessions. Participants completed questionnaires on depression and anxiety (Kessler-6), social adaptation (Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale), and difficulty in RTW (Difficulty in Returning to Work Inventory) at pre- and post-intervention time points. Rates of re-instatement after the intervention were examined. Results: One participant dropped out, but 22 participants successfully completed the intervention. All scale scores significantly improved after intervention and, except for difficulty in RTW related to physical fitness, all effect sizes were above the moderate classification. All participants who completed the intervention succeeded in RTW. Conclusions: Results suggested the possibility that WF-CBGT may be a feasible and promising intervention for Japanese workers on leave due to depression regardless of cross-cultural differences, but that additional research examining effectiveness using controlled designs and other samples is needed. Future research should examine the efficacy of this programme more systematically to provide relevant data to aid in the continued development of an evidence-based intervention.

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Harper, Simon. "An examination of structural dissociation of the personality and the implications for cognitive behavioural therapy." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2011): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x11000031.

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AbstractThe aim of this review was to ascertain whether an examination of the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP) and its treatment may lead to recommendations in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and other trauma-related disorders utilizing CBT. An analysis of the neurobiology of trauma will aid this process. The literature review considers a variety of literature on TSDP. Several themes were identified which suggested that dissociation refers to a structural dividedness of the personality and that there is a psychobiological pathway for all trauma-related disorders. Additionally the role of bottom-up vs. top-down processing was explored. Recommendations for the treatment of trauma-related disorders using CBT have been made.

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Kuipers, Elizabeth, and Paul Bebbington. "Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 15, no. 4 (December 2006): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00002153.

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SummaryAims – It used to be thought that the problems of psychosis were qualitatively difference from those of other disorders and therefore unamenable to psychological interventions. However more recent evidence will be summarised which suggests otherwise. Methods – A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis (Garety et al, 2001; Kuipers et al.,2006) is described which builds on work on the dimensions of symptoms of psychosis, the continuum between non-clinical and clinical populations, and the contribution of emotional processes, cognitive reasoning biases and social factors. Results – Evidence from both epidemiological and empirical studies from our research group and others, support some of the pathways of symptom formation and maintenance proposed by the model. Specifically there is evidence for the role of trauma, social adversity and stress. These may trigger emotional responses and unusual experiences and together with reasoning biases lead to appraisals that can be defined as positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Similar processes interact to maintain symptoms. Conclusions – Cognitive models of psychosis have led to the development of cognitive behavioural treatments for delusions and hallucinations, which show some evidence of efficacy. Such treatments need to be refined in the light of recent research.Declaration of Interest: none

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Devilly, Grant J. "THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF PTSD THROUGH OVERT COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN NON-RESPONDERS TO EMDR." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 1 (January 2001): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801001072.

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This research investigated the efficacy of an operantly cognitive-behavioural trauma treatment protocol (TTP) in two cases that had previously been treated unsuccessfully with EMDR. In line with previous research, both participants improved following TTP, to the extent where one of the participants was asymptomatic at post-treatment and 3 month follow-up. These cases also demonstrate the ability of a cognitive-behavioural intervention to successfully treat childhood sexual abuse victims later in life.

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Watkins, Edward R., Eugene Mullan, Janet Wingrove, Katharine Rimes, Herbert Steiner, Neil Bathurst, Rachel Eastman, and Jan Scott. "Rumination-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy for residual depression: phase II randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 4 (October 2011): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090282.

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BackgroundAbout 20% of major depressive episodes become chronic and medication-refractory and also appear to be less responsive to standard cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT).AimsTo test whether CBT developed from behavioural activation principles that explicitly and exclusively targets depressive rumination enhances treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing residual depression.MethodForty-two consecutively recruited participants meeting criteria for medication-refractory residual depression were randomly allocated to TAU v. TAU plus up to 12 sessions of individual rumination-focused CBT. The trial has been registered (ISRCTN22782150).ResultsAdding rumination-focused CBT to TAU significantly improved residual symptoms and remission rates. Treatment effects were mediated by change in rumination.ConclusionsThis is the first randomised controlled trial providing evidence of benefits of rumination-focused CBT in persistent depression. Although suggesting the internal validity of rumination-focused CBT for residual depression, the trial lacked an attentional control group so cannot test whether the effects were as a result of the specific content of rumination-focused CBT v. non-specific therapy effects.

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Feehan, Catherine J., and Panos Vostanis. "Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Depressed Children: Children's and Therapists' Impressions." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800017422.

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A randomized trial was conducted of cognitive-behavioural therapy and a non-focused intervention for children and adolescents aged 8–16 years with depression (N = 57) referred to four child and adolescent psychiatry units. Children in both groups showed similar rates of recovery from depression at the end of treatment (cognitive-behavioural therapy: 87% recovery rate; non-focused intervention: 75% recovery rate). This paper addresses the question of how cognitive-behavioural therapy was perceived and used by depressed young sters in clinical settings (N=29). Only seven children (24%) kept a diary for all nine sessions of the CBT programme. Children who had been rated as compliant with CBT tasks were more likely to recover at the end of treatment. Analysis of the content of each cognitive-behavioural session has shown that all children received advice on self-monitoring, positive self-statementing, and social problem-solving, but only 50% actually received advice on cognitive restructuring, since this was scheduled late in the treatment package and most children had recovered by this stage. Children, parents and therapists had a high degree of agreement on the helpfulness of CBT. Children identified several helpful CBT elements, the majority being related to social problem-solving. The treatment programme was explained to parents, who did not actively participate in treatment, but they helped to plan suitable rewards for their children. Recommendations are made for the future use of CBT with referred young people with depressive disorders.

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Bowyer, Laura, Jennifer Wallis, and Deborah Lee. "Developing a Compassionate Mind to Enhance Trauma-Focused CBT with an Adolescent Female: A Case Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000362.

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Background:Shame and disgust are often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following interpersonal traumas such as sexual assault. It has been suggested that individuals with high levels of shame might do less well in standard cognitive behavioural (CBT) interventions.Aims:To see whether applying compassion-focused therapy and developing a compassionate mind can enhance trauma-focused CBT in an adolescent with high levels of shame and disgust the way it has been shown to within the adult population.Method:This single case study describes how trauma-focused CBT was enhanced by compassionate mind training. It details work using this approach with an adolescent female experiencing shame and disgust-based flashbacks. Treatment was provided for 20 sessions over 8 months. Symptoms of PTSD, depression and self-criticism, as well as the ability to self-soothe/reassure, were measured at assessment/start of treatment, mid- and end of treatment.Results:Clinically significant reductions in PTSD, depressive, shame and self-attacking symptoms were found between assessment and completion of treatment. Clinically significant increases in self-reassurance were also reported. Following treatment, symptoms of PTSD and depression were sub-clinical.Conclusion:This case study suggests that developing a compassionate mind alongside trauma-focused CBT may be beneficial to adolescents experiencing shame and disgust with consideration for the young person's level of development and personal circumstances.

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Adams, Shona, and Steven Allan. "Human givens rewind trauma treatment: description and conceptualisation." Mental Health Review Journal 24, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-06-2018-0016.

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Purpose Human Givens (HG) Rewind technique is a graded trauma-focused exposure treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to describe the technique; second, to provide an outline of its potential benefits; and third, to present some preliminary evidence. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides an overview of HG therapy and describes the stages of HG Rewind trauma treatment and its potential benefits. Similarities and differences between Rewind and other Cognitive Behavioural Therapy techniques are explored. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Findings Preliminary evidence suggests that Rewind could be a promising trauma treatment technique and that HG therapy might be cost effective. The findings highlight the need for further research and a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on Rewind is warranted. Practical implications During the rewind technique, the trauma does not need to be discussed in detail, making treatment potentially more accessible for shame-based traumas. Multiple traumas may be treated in one session, making it possible for treatment to potentially be completed in fewer sessions. Social implications This UK-based treatment may be cost effective and make treatment more accessible for people who do not want to discuss details of their trauma. Originality/value This is the first description of HG Rewind in the peer-reviewed literature. Alternative explanations for mechanisms underlying this trauma treatment are also presented.

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Kazennaya, E. V. "Contemporary research on and scientifically based psychotherapeutic methods of treating PTSD in adults." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 4 (2020): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090410.

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The article offers a systematic review of foreign investigations into posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the past twenty years as well as the findings of the research into the drug-free treatment of PTSD in the light of an extensive systematic review of the scientific literature of the World Health Organization (WHO). The article presents the results of the investigations into the risk factors, the prognoses, the statistical data on the prevalence of PTSD, and the diagnostic criteria of PTSD according to ICD-11 and DSM-V, including the relevant and the most recent investigations into the PTSD and Complex PTSD (ICD-11). As a result of the review, two scientifically proven effective methods of the drug-free treatment of PTSD have been revealed: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) as well as cognitive or behavioural stress management techniques that do not focus on trauma.

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Bisson, Jonathan I., Jonathan P. Shepherd, Deborah Joy, Rachel Probert, and Robert G. Newcombe. "Early cognitive–behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms after physical injury." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 1 (January 2004): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.1.63.

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BackgroundEarly single-session psychological interventions, including psychological debriefing following trauma, have not been shown to reduce psychological distress. Longer early psychological interventions have shown some promise.AimsTo examine the efficacy of a four-session cognitive–behavioural intervention following physical injury.MethodA total of 152 patients attending an accident and emergency department displaying psychological distress following physical injury were randomised 1–3 weeks post-injury to a four-session cognitive–behavioural intervention that started 5–10 weeks after the injury or to no intervention and then followed up for 13 months.ResultsAt 13 months, the total Impact of Event Scale score was significantly more reduced in the intervention group (adjusted mean difference=8.4, 95% CI 2.4–14.36). Other differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAbrief cognitive–behavioural intervention reduces symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in individuals with physical injury who display initial distress.

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Resch, F. "Interventions for childhood behaviour problems." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73779-8.

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Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are classified as disruptive disorders. However, they show a wide range of associations with other psychopathological features. Disturbances of emotional regulation, impulse control, narcissism, and paranoid cognitive style may shape the behavioural picture. On the basis of the Heidelberg School Study (n = 6085) those 15 yr old students with externalising behaviour disturbances were analysed regarding internalising behaviour problems, deliberate self harm, suicidal behaviour, living situation, and family problems. Developmental trajectories from infant temperament to adolescent behaviour will be outlined and therapeutic measures like parent training, patient focused cognitive behavioural therapy and multisystemic family interventions will be described on the basis of meta-analytic reviews.

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Perri, Rinaldo, Paola Castelli, Cecilia La Rosa, Teresa Zucchi, and Antonio Onofri. "COVID-19, Isolation, Quarantine: On the Efficacy of Internet-Based Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Ongoing Trauma." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050579.

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Literature points to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as evidence-based therapies for trauma-related disorders. Treatments are typically administered in a vis-à-vis setting with patients reporting symptoms of a previously experienced trauma. Conversely, online-therapies and ongoing trauma have not received adequate attention. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two brief treatments for health professionals and individuals suffering from the circumstances imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The EMDR and the trauma focused-CBT were administered online during the earliest stage of distress to manage the ongoing trauma associated to quarantine or disease. Thirty-eight patients satisfying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for acute stress disorder were randomly assigned to the EMDR or CBT treatment. Both groups received a 7-session therapy, and psychometric tests were administered before, after the treatment and at one-month follow-up to assess traumatic symptoms, depression and anxiety. Results revealed that both treatments reduced anxiety by 30%, and traumatic and depressive symptoms by 55%. Present findings indicate the internet-based EMDR and CBT as equally effective brief treatments, also suggesting a maintenance of the effects as indicated by the follow-up evaluation. The EMDR and CBT might be considered as first line therapies to treat the ongoing trauma and to prevent the sensitization and accumulation of trauma memories.

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Smith, Jade. "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Child Trauma and Abuse: A Step-by-Step Approach." Journal of Mental Health 19, no. 6 (September 28, 2010): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2010.520369.

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Murray, Hannah, Chris Merritt, and Nick Grey. "Clients' Experiences of Returning to the Trauma Site during PTSD Treatment: An Exploratory Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 420–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000338.

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Background:Visits to the location of the trauma are often included in trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but no research to date has explored how service users experience these visits, or whether and how they form an effective part of treatment.Aims:The study aimed to ascertain whether participants found site visits helpful, to test whether the functions of the site visit predicted by cognitive theories of PTSD were endorsed, and to create a grounded theory model of how site visits are experienced.Method:Feedback was collected from 25 participants who had revisited the scene of the trauma as part of TF-CBT for PTSD. The questionnaire included both free text items, for qualitative analysis, and forced-choice questions regarding hypothesized functions of the site visit.Results:Overall, participants found the site visits helpful, and endorsed the functions predicted by the cognitive model. A model derived from the feedback illustrated four main processes occurring during the site visit: “facing and overcoming fear”; “filling in the gaps”; “learning from experiences” and “different look and feel to the site”, which, when conducted with “help and support”, usually from the therapist, led to a sense of “closure and moving on”.Conclusions:Therapist-accompanied site visits may have various useful therapeutic functions and participants experience them positively.

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Campbell, Letitia, Justin Kenardy, Tonny Andersen, Leanne McGregor, Annick Maujean, and Michele Sterling. "Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy and exercise for chronic whiplash: protocol of a randomised, controlled trial." Journal of Physiotherapy 61, no. 4 (October 2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.07.003.

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Jones, Steven H., Gina Smith, Lee D. Mulligan, Fiona Lobban, Heather Law, Graham Dunn, Mary Welford, James Kelly, John Mulligan, and Anthony P. Morrison. "Recovery-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy for recent-onset bipolar disorder: Randomised controlled pilot trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 206, no. 1 (January 2015): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141259.

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BackgroundDespite evidence for the effectiveness of structured psychological therapies for bipolar disorder no psychological interventions have been specifically designed to enhance personal recovery for individuals with recent-onset bipolar disorder.AimsA pilot study to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a new intervention, recovery-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT), designed in collaboration with individuals with recent-onset bipolar disorder intended to improve clinical and personal recovery outcomes.MethodA single, blind randomised controlled trial compared treatment as usual (TAU) with recovery-focused CBT plus TAU (n = 67).ResultsRecruitment and follow-up rates within 10% of pre-planned targets to 12-month follow-up were achieved. An average of 14.15 h (s.d. = 4.21) of recovery-focused CBT were attended out of a potential maximum of 18 h. Compared with TAU, recovery-focused CBT significantly improved personal recovery up to 12-month follow-up (Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire mean score 310.87, 95% CI 75.00–546.74 (s.e. = 120.34), P = 0.010, d=0.62) and increased time to any mood relapse during up to 15 months follow-up (χ2 = 7.64, P<0.006, estimated hazard ratio (HR) = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.78). Groups did not differ with respect to medication adherence.ConclusionsRecovery-focused CBT seems promising with respect to feasibility and potential clinical effectiveness. Clinical- and cost-effectiveness now need to be reliably estimated in a definitive trial.

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Neher, Margit, Annette Nygårdh, Per Nilsen, Anders Broström, and Peter Johansson. "Implementing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease and psychological distress: a scoping review." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 18, no. 5 (February 22, 2019): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515119833251.

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Background: Comorbid psychological distress (i.e. insomnia and depression) is experienced by 20–40% of patients with cardiovascular disease. This has a considerable impact on their health and quality of life, leading to frequent re-hospitalisations, higher healthcare costs and a shorter life expectancy. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy shows great potential for treating psychological distress in cardiovascular disease. Effective and feasible treatments can, however, only benefit patients if they are fully implemented in clinical care. Aim: This scoping review aimed to explore the literature for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in cardiovascular disease and for strategies to implement the intervention. Methods: We searched electronic databases, journals and internet sources to find original studies about internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in cardiovascular disease, adhering to scoping methodology guidelines. After identifying 267 titles, we screened 40 abstracts and chose 11 full-text articles for full-text screening. The results sections in four articles were searched for outcomes that related to the effectiveness and implementation of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy by directed qualitative content analysis using an implementation framework. Results: Three of the four articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria concerned internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for treating mild to moderate depressive symptoms in cardiovascular disease, and none focused on insomnia. The studies showed evidence for the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy, and/or described patient factors influencing clinical effectiveness. Our qualitative content analysis showed that many implementation aspects and stakeholder perspectives remain unexplored. Conclusions: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy promises to alleviate patient suffering in cardiovascular disease. There is, however, little research about internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for cardiovascular disease, and about how this evidence-based intervention is implemented.

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Martsenkovskyi, D. "A pilot study: comparison of one-year outcomes of fluoxetine vs trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy of war-related PTSD in children." European Neuropsychopharmacology 27 (October 2017): S1106—S1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(17)31920-x.

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Vincent, Felicity, Helen Jenkins, Michael Larkin, and Sue Clohessy. "Asylum-Seekers' Experiences of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Qualitative Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 41, no. 5 (July 16, 2012): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465812000550.

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Background: Trauma-focused CBT (TFCBT) is an evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about whether it is an acceptable and effective treatment for asylum-seekers presenting with PTSD. Aims: This study considers the acceptability of TFCBT for asylum-seekers with PTSD by exploring their experiences of this treatment. Method: Seven asylum-seekers who had received CBT involving a TFCBT component were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. The transcribed interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Interpretative themes were developed iteratively to closely reflect participants’ common and distinct experiences. Results: Six super-ordinate interlinking themes are discussed: Staying where you are versus engaging in therapy; Experiences encouraging engagement in therapy; Experiences impeding engagement in therapy; Importance of the therapeutic relationship; “Losing oneself” and “Regaining life”. Conclusions: Participants described their ambivalence about engaging in TFCBT. Such treatment was experienced as very challenging, but most participants also reported finding it helpful. Various experiences that appeared to encourage or impede engagement are outlined. These preliminary findings suggest that fear of repatriation can impede engagement in TFCBT, but that some asylum-seekers with PTSD still report finding TFCBT beneficial. The clinical implications are discussed, including the special importance of the therapeutic relationship.

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Allen, Leila, Polly-Anna Ashford, Ella Beeson, Sarah Byford, Jessica Chow, Tim Dalgleish, Andrea Danese, et al. "DECRYPT trial: study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth exposed to multiple traumatic stressors." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e047600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047600.

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BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a distressing and disabling condition that affects significant numbers of children and adolescents. Youth exposed to multiple traumas (eg, abuse, domestic violence) are at particular risk of developing PTSD. Cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD), derived from adult work, is a theoretically informed, disorder-specific form of trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy. While efficacious for child and adolescent single-event trauma samples, its effectiveness in routine settings with more complex, multiple trauma-exposed youth has not been established. The Delivery of Cognitive Therapy for Young People after Trauma randomised controlled trial (RCT) examines the effectiveness of CT-PTSD for treating PTSD following multiple trauma exposure in children and young people in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU).Methods/designThis protocol describes a two-arm, patient-level, single blind, superiority RCT comparing CT-PTSD (n=60) with TAU (n=60) in children and young people aged 8–17 years with a diagnosis of PTSD following multiple trauma exposure. The primary outcome is PTSD severity assessed using the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (8-item version) at post-treatment (ie, approximately 5 months post-randomisation). Secondary outcomes include structured interview assessment for PTSD, complex PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety, overall functioning and parent-rated mental health. Mid-treatment and 11-month and 29-month post-randomisation assessments will also be completed. Process–outcome evaluation will consider which mechanisms underpin or moderate recovery. Qualitative interviews with the young people, their families and their therapists will be undertaken. Cost-effectiveness of CT-PTSD relative to TAU will be also be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis trial protocol has been approved by a UK Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (East of England–Cambridge South, 16/EE/0233). Findings will be disseminated broadly via peer-reviewed empirical journal articles, conference presentations and clinical workshops.Trial registrationISRCTN12077707. Registered 24 October 2016 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12077707). Trial recruitment commenced on 1 February 2017. It is anticipated that recruitment will continue until June 2021, with 11-month assessments being concluded in May 2022.

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Knutsson, Jens, Beata Bäckström, Daiva Daukantaitė, and Fredrik Lecerof. "Adolescent and Family-focused Cognitive-behavioural Therapy for Paediatric Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 24, no. 3 (June 16, 2016): 589–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2027.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy'

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