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1
Hausman, Ken. "Trauma Database Links Agencies, Psychiatrists." Psychiatric News 37, no. 17 (September 6, 2002): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.37.17.0012.
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Koury, Samantha P., and Susan A. Green. "Developing Trauma-Informed Care Champions: A Six-Month Learning Collaborative Training Model." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21303.
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This paper describes a six-month learning collaborative for service providers seeking to implement trauma-informed care (TIC) into their agencies. Although the professional literature on trauma-informed care has grown substantially over the past 10 years, little research has focused on how to effectively train agencies in creating a trauma-informed culture shift. Participants were trained as “TIC champions” to help facilitate the creation of trauma-informed approaches in their agencies. Through a parallel process, they learned the skills for planning and implementing a trauma-informed approach in their agency. At the completion of the training, trainers observed champions becoming more confident in their ability to assist their agencies in creating a trauma-informed culture shift. Though quantitative studies evaluating the learning collaborative are needed, initial findings suggest the collaborative approach is an effective means of guiding champions through the process of becoming trauma-informed.
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Dansiger, Stephen, Roshni Chabra, Lauren Emmel, and Justine Kovacs. "The MET(T)A Protocol: Mindfulness and EMDR Treatment Template for Agencies." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 14 (January 2020): 117822182097748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221820977483.
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Evidence indicating the relationship between trauma and substance use disorders (SUDs), in addition to relapse and treatment retention rates for this population, suggests there is a need for a trauma-focused solution to treat SUDs. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been studied extensively as an effective approach for treating trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The research evaluating its treatment for other mental health disorders such as SUDs is promising. Merging mindfulness and ethical mindfulness practices with EMDR therapy lends additional evidence-based elements to make the case for this integrative system of treatment to be studied as a trauma-focused primary psychotherapy to treat SUDs. The resulting treatment, the MET(T)A Protocol (Mindfulness and EMDR Treatment Template for Agencies), has been created to address the need for a trauma-focused solution to treat SUDs. Procedures of the MET(T)A Protocol as applied in each of the 8 phases of EMDR therapy are described in detail. Clinical examples are provided to explain the application of the MET(T)A Protocol.
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Bender, Eve. "Agencies Often Overlook Need To Assess Trauma in Children." Psychiatric News 40, no. 9 (May 6, 2005): 10–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.9.00400010.
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Wood, Leila, Dessie Clark, Laurie Cook Heffron, and Rachel Voth Schrag. "Voluntary, Survivor-Centered Advocacy in Domestic Violence Agencies." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23845.
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Voluntary, survivor-centered advocacy is a model of practice used in domestic violence organizations; however, more information is needed from the perspective of survivors on how to best facilitate survivor-centered approaches in a voluntary service format. This qualitative study used a thematic analysis to uncover core advocacy approaches from 25 female-identified survivors dwelling in domestic violence emergency shelter and transitional housing programs in two states. Themes revealed that three core approaches aid a voluntary, survivor-centered advocacy model: 1) Establishing a safe base for support, 2) Facilitating access and connection, and 3) Collaboration. Advocacy approaches that emphasize safety, mutuality, and availability of support best engage survivors in voluntary services to address needs and meet goals. Use of a strengths-based approach, psychoeducation, and resource-building contributes to the social and emotional well-being of survivors. Findings indicate community DV advocates should use adaptable advocacy models aimed at service access, connection, and collaborative resource acquisition. Voluntary, survivor-centered models use principals of trauma-informed care, though more widespread use of trauma-informed care (TIC) in voluntary services are needed. Advocates need organizational support to meet survivor needs. Implications for research include the need for fidelity studies and longitudinal research.
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Kusmaul, Nancy, Molly R. Wolf, Shalini Sahoo, Susan A. Green, and Thomas H. Nochajski. "Client Experiences of Trauma-Informed Care in Social Service Agencies." Journal of Social Service Research 45, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2018.1481178.
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Costa, Deborah A. "Transforming Traumatised Children within NSW Department of Education Schools: One School Counsellor's Model for Practise – REWIRE." Children Australia 42, no. 2 (June 2017): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.14.
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Adequately supporting the needs of maltreated and traumatised children within New South Wales (NSW) public education system schools is often frustrated by poor perception of the impact of developmental trauma on children's school-based functioning and the need for additional, specialist support; the push for, and provision of, behaviour diagnoses for these children to fund basic assistance and supervision; competing demands on an overextended School Counselling resource impacting capacity for school-based trauma informed psychological services, and seemingly stretched capacity of government/non-government agencies to reliably provide effective support. This is accompanied by a lack of understanding of behavioural signals of distress children display and underreporting to agencies; persistent, simplistic behaviourist views of children's behaviours within schools and low-level collaboration between schools and external agencies. Facilitating a trauma sensitive environment within NSW schools can ameliorate these frustrations and attend to these inadequacies in a pragmatic, achievable way. This practice paper presents a School Counsellor-led model (REWIRE) for achieving this.
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Levenson, Jill. "Translating Trauma-Informed Principles into Social Work Practice." Social Work 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaa020.
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Abstract Trauma-informed social work is characterized by client-centered practices that facilitate trust, safety, respect, collaboration, hope, and shared power. Many agencies have adopted trauma-informed care (TIC) initiatives and many social workers are familiar with its basic principles, but it is challenging to infuse these ideals into real-world service delivery. This article offers 10 trauma-informed practices (TIPs) for translating TIC concepts into action by (a) conceptualizing client problems, strengths, and coping strategies through the trauma lens and (b) responding in ways that avoid inadvertently reinforcing clients’ feelings of vulnerability and disempowerment (re-traumatization). TIPs guide workers to consider trauma as an explanation for client problems, incorporate knowledge about trauma into service delivery, understand trauma symptoms, transform trauma narratives, and use the helping relationship as a tool for healing.
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Hernandez-Mekonnen, Robin, and Dawn Konrady. "Title IV-E Child Welfare Training and University Partnerships: Transforming State Child Protection Services into a Trauma-Informed System." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21323.
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Children who are involved in the child welfare system have experienced trauma, and research indicates that parents of those children also frequently grapple with their own unresolved trauma. In addition, child welfare workers face high rates of secondary traumatic stress. Federal legislation from 2011 requires states to conduct universal trauma screening on children in foster care. The Administration on Children and Families (ACF) urges state Child Protection agencies (CPS) to become trauma-informed, however, many states still struggle to integrate a trauma focused practice model. This article describes the outcomes of a national, empirically driven, Core Concepts in Child Trauma for Child Welfare curriculum utilized in a Title IV-E university partnership program to teach graduate level child welfare agency supervisors. Findings suggest that the graduate trauma course demonstrates statistically significant gains in confidence, and also has a profound impact on the agency’s transformation into a trauma-informed system
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Braslow, Judith B., and Joan A. Snyder. "Trauma System Development and Future Directions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 1993): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040152.
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AbstractTraumatic injury, both unintentional and intentional, is a serious public health problem. Trauma care systems play a significant role in reducing mortality, morbidity, and disability due to injuries. However, barriers to the provision of prompt and appropriate emergency medical services still exist in many areas of the United States. Title XII of the Public Health Service Act provides for programs in support of trauma care planning and system development by states and localities. This legislation includes provisions for: 1) grants to state agencies to modify the trauma care component of the state Emergency Medical Services (EMS) plan; 2) grants to improve the quality and availability of trauma care in rural areas; 3) development of a Model Trauma Care System Plan for states to use as a guide in trauma system development; and 4) the establishment of a National Advisory Council on Trauma Care Systems.
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Gurwitch, Robin H., and Christina M. Warner-Metzger. "Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI): An Adaptation to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Families with a History of Trauma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 6089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106089.
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Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is one of the strongest evidence-based treatments available for young children and their families. Research has supported the use of PCIT for children with a history of trauma; however, the treatment does not directly address trauma in the child. PCIT is a dyadic treatment; yet, the impact of the carer’s trauma on the carer-child relationship is not assessed or incorporated into treatment. For these reasons, therapists, families, agencies, and funders tend to view PCIT as a trauma treatment with skepticism. PCIT therapists who currently address trauma within the intervention do so without a standardized approach. Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI) is an adaptation developed to directly address these concerns. TDI maintains the key elements and theoretical underpinnings of PCIT while adding sessions to cover psychoeducation about trauma, carer response to a child’s trauma reactions (SAFE skills), and coping skills to aid both the child and the carer to manage trauma activators (COPE skills). The TDI module creates a consistent strategy for PCIT therapists to address trauma, thus allowing research and replication which will advance the dual fields of PCIT and family trauma. The theoretical conceptualization of TDI is presented along with next steps in its evaluation.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Negative Impact of the Job: Secondary Trauma Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Violence and Victims 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00141.
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The purpose of this article is to extend the existing literature on the workplace experiences of staff who work with juvenile offenders. We do this by assessing the extent of secondary trauma among a sample of juvenile detention officers and juvenile probation officers, and examine whether or not predictors of secondary trauma differ by position. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results based on a survey of 298 staff reveal that secondary trauma is relatively low among both juvenile detention officers and juvenile court/probation officers. Additionally, results indicate predictors of secondary trauma differ for each of these job positions. Experiencing threat or harm from offenders increased secondary trauma for detention officers but not for probation/court officers. However, having a higher level of education and input into decision-making decreased secondary trauma for probation/court officers, but not for detention officers. Greater support from coworkers led to decreased secondary trauma for both detention and probation/court officers. Implications for detention and probation agencies include efforts to improve supervisor and coworker support, as well as debriefing sessions after threat of harm incidents have occurred.
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Presnell, Jade, John M. Keesler, and Jen Thomas-Giyer. "Assessing Alignment Between Intellectual and Developmental Disability Service Providers and Trauma-Informed Care: An Exploratory Study." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 60, no. 5 (September 26, 2022): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-60.5.351.
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Abstract People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disproportionately impacted by potentially traumatic experiences; however, organizations serving this population have lagged in their integration of trauma-informed care (TIC). Trauma-informed care is a systemwide response to the pervasiveness of trauma that frequently requires an organizational shift rooted in staff training. Using an online statewide survey, the present study examined beliefs and training among IDD service providers. Responses from 288 service providers suggested some alignment among beliefs and staff training content with TIC principles. Although the findings indicate a foundation for TIC, intentional efforts are needed for IDD agencies to fully embrace TIC.
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Ward-Lasher, Allison, Jill Messing, and Jillian Stein-Seroussi. "Implementation of Trauma-Informed Care in a Housing First Program for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case Study." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21313.
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The intersection of trauma with the need for safe, stable, sustainable, and long-term housing is important when working with survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV advocacy agencies are advised to use a trauma-informed approach to help practitioners understand the impact of IPV on individuals. Housing First, a model addressing homelessness that provides permanent housing without preconditions, has been found to increase housing stability for survivors of IPV. Thus, we used a case study approach to examine how practitioners and administrators implement trauma-informed care in a Housing First program for IPV survivors. Trauma-informed care principles and the Housing First model were found to be complementary. The majority of clients in this program retained housing up to 3-months after services ended and increased their safety and knowledge of domestic violence. Combining Housing First with trauma-informed care may increase success for survivors of IPV.
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Strand, Virginia C., Marciana Popescu, Ineke Way, and Annette Semanchin Jones. "Building Field Agencies' Capacity to Prepare Staff and Social Work Students for Evidence-Based Trauma Treatments." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 98, no. 1 (January 2017): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.8.
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Preparing MSW students to use an evidence-based approach to practice and implement empirically supported treatment protocols is imperative for social work education. Both classroom education and field experience are needed. Six schools of social work collaborated with field agencies to assist them in developing the capacity to implement evidence-based trauma treatments (EBTTs) and train social work students in these models. The study used a multisite, interrupted-time series design to assess organizational readiness to implement EBTTs at an agency. Faculty used the National Implementation Research Network implementation framework in their consultation with agencies. Findings from three agencies are used to explore the tasks in each implementation stage. Implications include the possibility of leveraging the motivation of field agencies to collaborate with schools of social work in order to implement evidence-based practice. Results also point to the relevance of using an implementation framework to guide capacity building.
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Stoute, Beverly J. "Black Rage: The Psychic Adaptation to the Trauma of Oppression." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 69, no. 2 (April 2021): 259–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651211014207.
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Integrating the story of a young Freud’s racial trauma with a novel application of the concept of moral injury has led to a realization and conceptual formulation during the pandemic uprisings of the mental construct of Black Rage as an adaptation to oppression trauma. As formulated here, Black Rage exists in a specific dynamic equilibrium as a compromise formation that is a functional adaptation for oppressed people of color who suffer racial trauma and racial degradation, an adaptation that can be mobilized for the purpose of defense or psychic growth. Black Rage operates as a mental construct in a way analogous to the topographical model, in which mental agencies carry psychic functions. The concept of Black Rage is crucial to constructing a theoretical framework for a psychology of oppression and transgenerational transmission of trauma. Additionally, in the psychoanalytic theory on oppression suggested here, a developmental line is formulated for the adaptive function of Black Rage in promoting resilience in the face of oppression trauma for marginalized people.
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Mustaffa, Rifki Zamzam, Aquarini Priyatna, and Ari J. Adipurwawidjana. "TECHNOLOGIZING METAPHOR, DEMYSTIFYING TRAUMA: ALLEGORY IN THE FILM 27 STEPS OF MAY." Jurnal Sosioteknologi 20, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2021.20.2.9.
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This article aims at elaborating the issues of trauma, violence against women and their agencies depicted in Indonesianfilm entitled 27 Steps of May. By situating the issues within the theoretical framework combining theories on allegoryand metaphor as elaborated by Jameson (2006), and Jakobson (1956), as well as theoretical premises pertaining to filmtechnology by Turner (2002), this study shows how film as a form of narrative texts can visualize those issues throughavailable technological features (camera techniques and mise-en-scene). Our close reading finds that the film presentsmetaphors of rape, women agency, amnesia and trauma through the presentation of the characters (May, Bapak, Pesulapand Kurir), also the mise-en-scene in its scenes. We argue that this film visualizes an allegory of national trauma inrelation to Indonesian May 1998 riots, specifically the violence towards marginalized groups (Chinese and women),which also represents the Indonesian collective expectation in acknowledging the national trauma jointly.
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Flannery, Daniel J., Krystel Tossone, Jeff Kretschmar, Frederick Butcher, and Mark I. Singer. "Examination of a New Brief Screener to Measure Trauma Symptoms and Violence Exposure Among Young Children." Violence and Victims 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00214.
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The purpose of this study was to create a reliable, quick and easy to administer screening measure of violence exposure and trauma for children from infancy through age 7. In a sample of 6,676 children, caregivers completing a 22-item screener reported nearly one out of five youth had been exposed as witness or victim to at least one kind of violence. For trauma, caregivers reported that their children had trouble going to sleep at least sometimes (15.83%), had cried or had a tantrum to exhaustion (15.61%) and had difficulty concentrating or focusing (15.55%). Analyses showed reliable internal consistency for violence exposure (.74) and trauma (.85) scales. Factor analyses revealed a single trauma factor and two violence exposure factors, witnessing and victimization. These data provide support for a brief screening measure for trauma and violence exposure in children from birth through age seven that can be administered by minimally trained staff in public systems and community-based agencies who can then refer children and families to necessary assessment and treatment services.
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Lewis, Laura, Kathryn McClain-Meeder, Michael Lynch, and Marjorie Quartley. "Defining a Trauma-Informed Approach to Social Work Field Education." Advances in Social Work 22, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24941.
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Despite the recognized importance of social work field education, concerns about its dependence on already strained service delivery systems for student learning persist. The growing complexity of student needs, and the deleterious effects of COVID-19 on service systems adds to the problematic landscape. A trauma-informed approach, because it applies to individuals and environments, presents a useful framework for exploring these concerns. A trauma-informed framework to field education, once defined, could edify the profession's response to these challenges. A qualitative survey (n=103) was developed to aid in understanding trauma-informed practices that support student learning. Key findings are that a trauma-informed approach to field education entails creating safe environments where expectations and boundaries are clear, supporting students by processing and validating emotional responses, and utilizing relational, collaborative approaches to supervision. Strategies for each area are delineated. Barriers to promoting trauma-informed field education include lack of time, and lack of organizational support. Authors recommend the adoption of trauma-informed field as a universal precaution approach, ensuring that students experience the principles and atmosphere of a trauma-informed field setting, enabling them to translate these into practice. Social work programs are called upon to better support placement agencies and assume more responsibility for training.
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Kumm, Skip, Sarup R. Mathur, Michelle Cassavaugh, and Erin Butts. "Using the PBIS Framework to Meet the Mental Health Needs of Youth in Juvenile Justice Facilities." Remedial and Special Education 41, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932519880336.
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Youth in juvenile justice facilities may experience symptoms of mental health disorders and trauma at a higher rate than their normative peers. As a result, juvenile justice facilities have become de facto mental health agencies, resulting in an increased need to provide interventions that can meet the various needs of their residents. Embedding mental health and trauma-informed care into tiered facility-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (FW-PBIS) is an emerging practice to meet a multitude of youth mental health symptoms. In this article, we provide examples of how mental health and trauma-informed care can be interwoven into an FW-PBIS framework by using a data-based decision-making process to guide the implementation of tiered evidence-based interventions, and we offer implications for practice and research.
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Subagya, Yustinus Tri. "WOMEN STORIES OF THE VIOLENT CONFLICT IN POSO AND TRAUMA HEALING." International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2018): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v2i1.1573.
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This article intends to unfold woman experiences in coping with trauma of the violent conflict and their efforts to release its burden. In the last decade, the victims of violence are referred to get a psycho-theuraphy of trauma due to their depression from the disaster. Development agencies often initiate the program of trauma healings for the victims with the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) model, especially for women who were described as passive actors and became the most vulnerable victims in the violent conflict. The fact that women involved in the conflict as active social actors was less accounted due to the healing mechanism. Their experiences such as individual memories on vengeance and strugling for family survival tend to be inarticulated, except their attempts to forget of the trumatic burdens. This article defines the articulation of women stories as both a crucial factor in healing their past traumatic experiences which in turn the stories could be as an effective approach to pave a way for reconciliation. We use stories of women experiences in Poso, Indonesia as the lesson. The contribution of narrative for releasing the burden of traumatic experiences from the past atrocities has been the subject of the recent discussion in academic fields such as Anthropology or Psychology as well as Humanitarian Agencies or Development Practitioners. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020111
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Macy, Rebecca J., Sandra L. Martin, Ijeoma Nwabuzor Ogbonnaya, and Cynthia F. Rizo. "What Do Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Service Providers Need to Know About Survivors to Deliver Services?" Violence Against Women 24, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216671222.
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Using survey data, we investigate perspectives of 80 program directors of domestic violence and/or sexual assault agencies regarding whether gathering specific information at intake is helpful in determining survivors’ needs for five service areas: legal advocacy, medical advocacy, support group, counseling, and shelter. We explore whether directors’ opinions of information-type usefulness differ by type of service agency (single- or dual-focus). Findings show directors perceive the information most helpful to early service provision includes survivors’ goals, experiences of violence and trauma, and health status. MANOVA results show no significant differences among directors from single- or dual-focus agencies.
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Góngora, Andrés. "EL GOBIERNO DE LAS REDES: UNA ETNOGRAFÍA DE LA REDUCCIÓN DE DAÑO EN COLOMBIA." Mana 22, no. 2 (August 2016): 277–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-49442016v22n2p277.
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Resumen Con el ánimo de aportar elementos para una antropología de las formas de gobierno contemporáneas, describo en este texto una trama de actores, agencias, racionalidades, técnicas y tecnologías que participan en el universo de la reducción del consumo de drogas en Colombia. Con base en la experiencia del autor en el campo de la formulación y aplicación de modelos y políticas para la reducción del consumo de drogas y en el material etnográfico recopilado en la ciudad de Bogotá durante el año 2012, el artículo le sigue la pista a un modelo terapéutico de producción transnacional creado para "reducir los daños" ocasionados por las drogas, cuyo principal objeto y sujeto de intervención son "redes sociales". Para comprender el campo semántico en que estas ideas cobran sentido, se explora etnográficamente el mundo de los profesionales del riesgo, actores que son al mismo tiempo artífices y portavoces de artefactos diseñados para convertir riesgos y daños en objetos gobernables. En este entramado relacional interactúan agencias de cooperación internacional, organizaciones de la sociedad civil agrupadas en redes transnacionales, instituciones de la administración pública y una amplia gama de profesionales, técnicos, operadores y actores locales con trayectorias diversas cuya agencia contribuye a hacer verosímil el "problema de las drogas" y a mistificar la entidad trascendente que denominan "Estado".
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Felder, Stephanie S., Jamie Seligman, Cicely K. Burrows-McElwain, Maryann E. Robinson, and Erik Hierholzer. "Disaster Trauma: Federal Resources that Help Communities on Their Road to Recovery." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 2 (April 2014): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.26.
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AbstractDuring the past several years, the US federal government has increased its role in preparing for and responding to natural and manmade disasters. The support and services that federal agencies provide to communities to address the psychological impact of trauma on citizens of all ages are valuable assets before and after a disaster. We used trauma theory to analyze disaster behavior health, assess the needs of at-risk populations, and identify the resources that the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, offers to the nation to assist communities in the psychological recovery process. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–5)
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Schaefer, Randall, Tasia Long, David Wampler, Rena Summers, Eric Epley, Elizabeth Waltman, Brian Eastridge, and Donald Jenkins. "Operationalizing the Deployment of Low-Titer O-Positive Whole Blood Within a Regional Trauma System." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa283.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The implementation of a low-titer O+ whole blood (LTOWB) resuscitation algorithm, particularly in the prehospital environment, has several inherent challenges, including cost, limited and inconsistent supply, and the logistics of cold-chain management. The Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council has implemented the nation’s first multidisciplinary, multi-institutional regional LTOWB program. This research effort was to illustrate the successful deployment of LTOWB within a regional trauma system. Materials and Methods A deliberate systems approach to the deployment of LTOWB was used. Tenets of this program included the active management of blood donor sources and blood supply levels to minimize wastage as a result of expiration, maximize product utilization, the use of prehospital transfusion triggers, and efforts to decrease program costs prehospital agencies. A novel LTOWB rotation system was established using the concept of a “rotation site” and “rotation center.” Standardized transfusion criteria, a regional approved equipment list, a regional Prehospital Blood Product Transfusion Record, and a robust multilevel communication plan serves as the framework for the program. The San Antonio Whole Blood Consortium was developed to create a consensus driven forum to manage and guide the program. Results From January 2018 to October 2019, LTOWB has been placed at 18 helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) bases, 12 ground emergency medical service (EMS) agencies, 1 level I trauma center, and 1 level IV trauma center. A total of 450 patients have received a prehospital LTOWB transfusion. Program wide, the wastage rate of LTOWB due to expiration is between 1% and 2%. No complications related to prehospital LTOWB administration have been identified. Discussion This work demonstrates a novel model for the development of a trauma system LTOWB program. The program’s implementation augments remote damage control resuscitation strategies and requires the integration and collaboration of a multidisciplinary stakeholder team to optimize efficiency, performance, and safety of the program.
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Chan, JTS, and RSD Yeung. "A Study on Police bean Bag Injuries in a Pork Model." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 10, no. 2 (April 2003): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790301000210.
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Introduction Currently law enforcement agencies in 10 countries have been granted approval for the use of police bean bag. The need for “less lethal” weapon to control violent suspects is under hot discussion. The manufacturer acknowledges that this weapon will only cause bruises, skin abrasions and minor injuries so as to incapacitate the violent suspect. The objective of this study was to see the degree of trauma produced by shooting police bean bag at different firing ranges. Materials and methods Fresh pork was chosen for this test. The pork was subjected to police bean bag challenge at two different firing ranges. A standard shotgun (Model Remington 870P) was used. In order to test the degree of trauma to different parts of the body, regions with small amount of soft tissue (pig rib) and large amount of soft tissue (pig thigh) were selected. Each region would receive challenge of police bean bag at three and five meters range shot. The above test was repeated with heavy clothing covering the pork. Results It was shown that all shots of police bean bag could produce injuries, ranging from minor indentation to laceration of soft tissues. The degree of trauma was greatly diminished if the target had been protected by heavy clothing. Moreover, the trauma produced on rib region was more severe than that of the thigh region. The larger volume of soft tissue, the better absorption of kinetic energy was expected and resulted in lesser degree of injuries. Conclusion Although police bean bag can still produce injuries, there is great potential for bean bag technology as this is an alternative to deadly force. Both suspects and law enforcement agencies can benefit from this less lethal technology as police bean bag clearly causes fewer fatal injuries and death than traditional bullets.
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Vuojärvi, Hanna, and Saana Korva. "An ethnographic study on leadership-as-practice in trauma simulation training." Leadership in Health Services 33, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-06-2019-0031.
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Purpose This study aims to discover how leadership emerges in a hospital’s trauma team in a simulated trauma care situation. Instead of investigating leadership from a leader-centric perspective, or using a metrics-based approach to reach generalizable results, the study aims to draw from post-heroic theories by applying leadership-as-practice and sociomaterial perspectives that emphasize the cultural-historical context and emergent nature of leadership. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in a Finnish central hospital through ethnographic observations of 14 in situ trauma simulation trainings over a period of 13 months. The data consist of vignettes developed and written from field notes. The analysis was informed by the cultural-historical activity theory. Findings Leadership in a trauma team during an in situ simulation training emerges from a complex system of agencies taking place simultaneously. Contextual elements contributed to the goal. Clarity of roles and task division, strong execution of leadership at critical points, active communication and maintenance of disciplined communication helped to overcome difficulties. The team developed coordination of the process in conjunction with the care. Originality/value The study considers trauma leadership to be a practical phenomenon emerging from the trauma team’s sociomaterial context. The results can be used to develop non-technical skills training within the field of simulation-based medical training.
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Rives, T. E., C. Hecht, A. Wallace, and R. Gandhi. "(P2-82) Developing and Implementing an Emergency Preparedness and Trauma Research Program in a New Level One Trauma Center." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11005279.
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Our level one trauma center with a service area covering a population of approximately four-million people treats approximately 80,000 patients per year. In 2010, we anticipate more than 23,000 patients admitted, and to experience more than 850,000 patient encounters within the network. Trauma research is an important component to any level one trauma center, as well as a requirement of the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT). Our trauma center has recently gained level one designation and began an emergency preparedness research and trauma research (EPR/TR) program in earnest. We are fortunate to have support from executive administrators. Stewardship is a necessary element of our planning, in part because we are a county hospital serving a large uninsured patient population. The following are a few of the necessary steps we took to build an (EPR/TR) department from the beginning, to the point of submitting abstracts, manuscripts, funding grants, and presentations to regional, national, and international conferences, journals, and agencies. Structure the Emergency Preparedness Office to be a component of Trauma Services, allowing a unique opportunity for real-time disaster and mass casualty research. Secure a commitment from senior executives. Secure an experienced researcher, capable of research administration. Ensure the (EPR/TR) director, trauma medical director, trauma services director, and emergency preparedness coordinator can be a cohesive team with complimentary skills. Encourage trauma surgeons to perform research with assistance from the (EPR/TR) Office. Seek federal and foundation funding. Seek alliances with appropriate consortiums and associations. Develop a research relationship with pre-hospital emergency services. The above steps represent only some of the components used to build our (EPR/TR) department. We anticipate the planned expansion of the above steps will take our EPR/TR to the next level and increase extramural funding.
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Weinberg, Michael. "Trauma and social support: The association between informal social support, formal social support, and psychological well-being among terror attack survivors." International Social Work 60, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872814564704.
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This study aimed to examine the role that informal and formal social support play with psychological well-being as reflected in positive and negative emotions of injured terror survivors in Israel. A total of 150 survivors who were eligible for social support and assistance by government agencies completed questionnaires that examined positive and negative emotions, informal social support, and formal social support from public government agencies provided by professional trained social workers. A hierarchal regression demonstrated that informal social support is associated with improved psychological state. However, formal social support, although provided by professional agencies, failed to demonstrate such an association. Theoretical, clinical, and policy implications of the findings are discussed.
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Jankowski, M. Kay, Karen E. Schifferdecker, Rebecca L. Butcher, Lynn Foster-Johnson, and Erin R. Barnett. "Effectiveness of a Trauma-Informed Care Initiative in a State Child Welfare System: A Randomized Study." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518796336.
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Trauma-informed care (TIC) initiatives in state child welfare agencies are receiving more attention, but little empirical evidence exists as to their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in self-reported practices and perceptions of child welfare staff involved in a multifaceted, statewide TIC intervention. Ten child welfare offices were matched and randomized to an early or delayed cohort. Staff were surveyed at Time 1 prior to any intervention, Time 2 postintervention for Cohort 1, and Time 3 postintervention for Cohort 2. The survey covered six domains: trauma screening, case planning, mental health and family involvement, progress monitoring, collaboration, and perceptions of the state’s overall system performance. Linear mixed modeling assessed the effect of the intervention. Cohort by time interaction was significant for three intervention targets. We demonstrate, using a rigorous study design, the mixed results of a multimodal intervention to improve trauma-informed attitudes, practices, and system performance. TIC initiatives must account for complex, dynamic contextual factors.
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ARAUJO, ALEX OLIVEIRA DE, DANILO DE SOUZA FERRONATO, IVAN DIAS DA ROCHA, RAPHAEL MARTUS MARCON, ALEXANDRE FOGAÇA CRISTANTE, and TARCÍSIO ELOY PESSOA DE BARROS FILHO. "PROFILE OF SPINAL CORD TRAUMA VICTIMS TREATED AT A REFERENCE UNIT IN SÃO PAULO." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 1 (March 2018): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181701178599.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Spinal cord trauma (SCT) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. It affects different age groups, especially young adults who are victims of high-energy trauma. The most effective way to reduce the incidence of spinal cord trauma and its consequences is through preventive campaigns and control and surveillance measures through public agencies. The objective of this study is to outline the epidemiological profile of patients with spinal cord trauma attended at a tertiary care center in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study performed at a reference center for the care of patients with spinal cord injury in the State of São Paulo. Data were collected from the medical records of patients with spinal cord trauma between 2012 and 2016. Results: Of the 515 patients with spinal trauma, 153 (29.7%) had spinal cord injury of which 131 (85.62%) were male, and 22 (14.37%) were female, in a ratio of approximately 6:1. The mean age was 39.45 years. The main cause of spinal cord trauma observed was the fall from heights, with 72 cases (47.05%), and 52.94% were classified as Frankel A. Conclusions: The results showed that the majority of the patients were young, economically active, with low educational level, exposed to accidents that could be largely avoided. Most of these patients also had severe disabling injuries, which usually bring considerable psychological sequelae and economic consequences to the individual and to society. Level of evidence: IV. Type of study: Case series.
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Pusateri, PhD, Anthony E., Mary J. Homer, PhD, Todd E. Rasmussen, MD, Kevin R. Kupferer, DHSc, and W. Keith Hoots, MD. "The interagency strategic plan for research and development of blood products and related technologies for trauma care and emergency preparedness 2015-2020." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2018.0299.
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Intensive blood use is expected to occur at levels, which will overwhelm blood supplies as they exist with current capabilities and technologies, both in civilian mass casualty events and military battlefield trauma. New technologies are needed for trauma care, and specifically to provide safer, more effective, and more logistically supportable blood products to treat patients with, or at risk of developing, acquired bleeding disorders resulting from trauma, acute radiation exposure, or other causes. Three of the primary agencies with major research and development programs related to blood products, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute are uniquely positioned to partner in addressing these issues, which have significant implications for each respective agency, as well as for the US population. Providing leadership, coordination, and oversight for the Food and Drug Administration’s national and global health security, counterterrorism, and emerging threats portfolios, the US Food and Drug Administration Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats serves in a critical advisory and facilitative role regarding development and availability of blood products. This plan is informed by the 2012 PHEMCE Strategy (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012), the 2007 “Shaping the Future of Research” Strategic Plan for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the 2011 BARDA Strategic Plan, the DoD Combat Casualty Care Research Program: Policy Review, the 2015 DoD Hemorrhage and Resuscitation Research and Development Strategic Plan, and more than 30 participants from other agencies who participated in planning.
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Singer, Jonathan, Caroline Cummings, Sarah A. Moody, and Lorraine T. Benuto. "Reducing burnout, vicarious trauma, and secondary traumatic stress through investigating purpose in life in social workers." Journal of Social Work 20, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 620–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017319853057.
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Summary Social workers fulfill vital roles, servicing clients from vulnerable populations and maintaining their welfare. As a result of frequent interaction with clients who have often experienced trauma, these workers are susceptible to experiencing burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and vicarious trauma. This study aimed to identify if purpose in life is a protective factor for adult/elder protective services (AEPS) and child protective services (CPS) workers. A comprehensive search of AEPS and CPS agencies resulted in more than 500 agencies throughout the United States. Three multiple regressions were run, with purpose in life as the independent variable, controlling for social workers’ years of experience, ethnicity, average of number of hours worked per week. Findings A sample of 292 participants ranging in age from 18 to 58 years of age, with a mean age of 42.03(12.34), participated in this study. Of the 292 social workers, 126 reported being CPS workers and 166 reported being AEPS workers. In all three linear regressions, higher purpose in life resulted in lower rates of vicarious trauma ( F(3, 263)=10.364, p<.001), secondary traumatic stress ( F(3, 263)=16.548, p<.001), and burnout ( F(3, 263)= 23.912, p<.001) when controlling for number of hours worked per week and years of experience. The amount of variance explained by these models ranged from 11 to 21%. Post hoc correlations between study variables were conducted, including the association between purpose in life and CS. Applications This study provides evidence necessary to warrant an intervention for protective services workers, specifically targeted toward increasing purpose in life.
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Shalahuddin, Iwan, Indra Maulana, and Theresia Eriyani. "Trauma Healing in Children of Flash Flood Victims in Cimanuk River Garut Regency in September 2016 [Trauma Healing pada Anak Korban Banjir Bandang Sungai Cimanuk Kabupaten Garut Pada September 2016]." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.320.
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The current Flash floods disaster in Garut Regency precisely on September 20, 2016 starting at 23.00 WIB, which occurred due to overflowing of the Cimanuk river and Cikamiri river resulting in victims of loss of property: houses, property, livestock buried; Loss of lives of the closest people: loss of parents, children, wives, husbands or close relatives; Shock and confusion: Victims usually feel tremendous pressure so they think irrationally and are confused. Actions to deal with these disasters include: Evacuating survivors first to a safe place; Create temporary or permanent refugee barracks; Coordinate with disaster management agencies and hospitals. To overcome one of these problems, trauma healing activities are needed. Purpose of trauma healing Gives the motivation to revive the community, eliminates people's fear and encourages people to return to their normal activities. Methods and strategies are carried out through several stages starting from age classification, exploring understanding, explaining material and games according to local wisdom. The results obtained by all the target communities were so enthusiastic in participating in our trauma healing activities, and the community felt comforted and felt forgotten the trauma that had occurred. There needs to support all related elements in maintaining the results achieved.
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Lai, Miranda, and Susie Costello. "Professional Interpreters and Vicarious Trauma: An Australian Perspective." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320951962.
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This qualitative study is conducted via focus groups with 47 Australian public service interpreters to investigate their responses to vicarious trauma (VT) in their practice, the influence of culture, and their views on how to maintain mental well-being. While participant interpreters employ various strategies to deal with traumatic client content and other work stressors, cultural inhibitors are found to prevent some from sharing their emotional vulnerability or seeking professional help. They indicated that they want to be treated with respect and as part of the professional team, rather than a machine or a shadow. Professional development is needed to clarify the limits of confidentiality, explain trauma and its vicarious possibilities, and to establish interpreters’ professional entitlement to briefing and debriefing. Stakeholders including educators, professional associations, interpreting agencies, and other professions and institutional users of interpreting services should work respectfully and collaboratively to prevent and help interpreters recover from VT.
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Lang, Jason M., Kellie G. Randall, Michelle Delaney, and Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg. "A Model for Sustaining Evidence-Based Practices in a Statewide System." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 98, no. 1 (January 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.5.
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Over the past 20 years, efforts have been made to broadly disseminate evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, the public health impact of EBPs has yet to be realized and most EBPs are not sustained. Few structured models exist for disseminating and sustaining EBPs across large systems. This article describes the EBP Dissemination and Support Center (DSC) model and how it was used to sustain trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) across Connecticut. More than 600 clinicians at 35 agencies have been trained and nearly all agencies have sustained TF-CBT for up to 9 years. More than 6,200 children have received TF-CBT and have shown improvements in outcomes and quality indicators. Recommendations are made for using or adapting the DSC model.
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Yadollahi, Mahnaz, and Forough Pazhuheian. "Relative risk of injury due to alcohol consumption in car and motorcycle drivers." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 26, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.057.
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Background: There is strong evidence that a substantial number of fatal as well as nonfatal injuries in road traffic accidents result from alcohol consumption and abuse. Aims: To examine the relationship between blood alcohol concentration and characteristics of injury in trauma patients admitted to a major teaching hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation of trauma characteristics among 38 435 car and motorcycle drivers referred to the South of Iran Trauma Center between October and March 2018. A log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the relative risk of each covariate on the Injury Severity Score. Results: There were 253 patients (7.78%) with alcohol consumption. Also, blood alcohol level was positive in 8.66% and 6.93% of car and motorcycle drivers, respectively. The ISS in alcohol consumers and nonconsumers was 6.34 (standard deviation; 8.73) and 4.12 (7.78), respectively, which was significantly higher in the alcohol consumers (t test = 12.96, P < 0.001). Therefore, alcohol consumption was a significant factor in increasing the relative risk of injury, which was 2.83 units more than among drivers who had not consumed alcohol. Conclusions: Our findings show that the police and law enforcement agencies have a responsibility to enforce stricter rules to reduce drink driving and the burden of trauma on the healthcare system.
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Chopko, Brian A., Patrick A. Palmieri, and Richard E. Adams. "Posttraumatic Growth in Relation to the Frequency and Severity of Traumatic Experiences Among Police Officers in Small to Midsize Departments." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 6 (May 18, 2016): 1247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516651089.
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The Critical Incident History Questionnaire (CIHQ) measures, through multiple measurement methods, the severity and frequency of traumatic events experienced by law enforcement officers. We, however, found no studies utilizing the CIHQ to examine posttraumatic growth (PTG) as measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The purpose of this brief report was to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between PTG with trauma frequency, trauma severity, and health variables, including subjective traumatic stress, relationship stress, nontraumatic work stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and alcohol use among law enforcement officers ( N = 193) from small and midsize agencies. In addition, we sought to explore differences between cognitive and behavioral PTG. Based on results from bivariate and multivariate analyses, we found that an idiosyncratic view of trauma severity shaped by personal experience demonstrated the strongest relationship with PTG among the frequency and severity variables and that increased PTG was not associated with reduced psychological distress. Alcohol use, a variable that is assessed primarily through behaviors compared with cognitions, was not significantly associated with PTG. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the importance for future research to consider both the frequency and severity of trauma exposure in the development of PTG and its impact on health outcomes.
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McArdle, David Q., David Rasumoff, and John Kolman. "Integration of Emergency Medical Services and Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Teams: The Emergence of the Tactically Trained Medic." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039650.
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AbstractThe emphasis of training for paramedics that function in the civilian sector in the United States has focused on the management of blunt trauma. The personal risks they face generally are the result of accidents or public health threats. The management of penetrating trauma under the threat of intentional personal harm is a different matter.Law enforcement agencies have responded to the threat of apprehending heavily armed felons by forming special units highly trained in military-style, small-unit tactics. To provide care in this special environment, and support a special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team in fulfilling its mission, there is a requirment for a unique body of knowledge and special skills. (Prehospital care providers with at least emergency medical technician [EMT] skills and SWAT training will be referred to as tactical medics.)
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Copic, Sanja. "Crime victims in the criminal justice system." Temida 6, no. 1 (2003): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0301019c.
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Negative social reaction and inadequate reaction of the agencies of the formal control on the primary victimization is leading to the so called secondary victimization that can be a source of trauma and frustration as much as the primary victimization. Due to that, relation of the police and the judiciary towards the crime victims is of a great importance regarding victims? willingness to report the victimization, their confidence in these agencies, and cooperation during clearing up the crime. In order to realize the victim?s position in the criminal justice system, this paper contains an overview of how the police, prosecutor?s office and courts are functioning. The paper is based on the interviews made with the representatives of these state agencies, as well as on the previous knowledge and realized surveys concerning this topic. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the position and the role of the victim support service in the system of the state intervention, based upon the obtained data, as well as to give some basic information on how victims could report the crime, what are their rights and duties, what can they expect from the competent agencies.
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Bokore, Nimo, Susan Lee McGrath, Patricia McGuire, Abdirizak Karod, Mitra Rahimpour, and Ajani Asokumar. "Developing a Trauma-Informed Culturally-Based Intervention (TICBI) Approach for Refugee Resettlement Practices." International Journal of Social Work 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v10i1.20561.
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Trauma-informed interventions have recently received more attention in the field of refugee resettlement and mental health. Although these interventions can be helpful to all trauma survivors, our model offers enhanced and cultural-based practice benefiting war-related trauma survivors, especially those from Post-Colonial nations. This model is based on needs identified by participants and collaboratively developed with the research team and the community. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) began with three objectives. The first was to explore the current use of culturally-based, trauma-informed interventions and to assess service users’ (SUs) and service providers (SPs) experiences. This was accopmlished by collaborating with a local community agency. The second objective was to identify service needs and gaps. The third objective involved working with the project’s steering community members to develop a more effective model of interventions that can be used by resettlement and mental health agencies supporting refugees. During analysis, we examined the unique challenges identified by SUs and SPs to create a trauma-informed culturally-based intervention model (TICBI).We used a mixed-method study involving focus groups, individual interviews, and surveys with 23 service users (SUs) and 20 service providers (SPs). The barriers identified by the SUs included lack of access to needs-based assistance, cultural and linguistic misunderstandings, and marginalization. The barriers identified by the SPs included lack of structural/organizational support, lack of funding, large caseloads, and burnout risk.
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Hales, Travis W., Thomas H. Nochajski, Susan A. Green, Howard K. Hitzel, and Elizabeth Woike-Ganga. "An Association Between Implementing Trauma-Informed Care and Staff Satisfaction." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21299.
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Despite its widespread adoption there is limited research on the influence of trauma-informed care (TIC). The current study examined the impact of implementing TIC on the satisfaction of agency staff by comparing the results of a satisfaction survey taken in January of 2014, a month prior to the agency's implementation of TIC, and again twelve months later. As collaboration, empowerment, and self-care are primary components of a TIC organizational approach, its implementation was expected to increase staff satisfaction. Following the implementation of TIC, agency staff reported higher scores on all but one of the six satisfaction survey factors. Increases in staff satisfaction have been associated with better staff retention rates, increased organizational commitment and better performance. In consequence, TIC implementation is associated with increased staff satisfaction, and may positively influence organizational characteristics of significance to social service agencies.
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Hanson, Rochelle F., and Jason Lang. "A Critical Look At Trauma-Informed Care Among Agencies and Systems Serving Maltreated Youth and Their Families." Child Maltreatment 21, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516635274.
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Paul, Pabitra, Ashish Mukhopadhyay, and Subir Biswas. "Stature determination from different body dimensions: a systematic review appraisal." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 21 (April 30, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v21.003.
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Forensic anthropology is a special sub-field of biological anthropology (the study of human remains) that involves applying skeletal analysis and techniques in archaeology and forensic sciences to solving identity cases. Generally speaking forensic anthropology is the examination of human skeletal remains for law enforcement agencies to help with the recovery of human remains, determine the identity of unidentified human remains, interpret trauma, and estimate time since death. Through the established methods, a forensic anthropologist can aid law enforcement in establishing a profile of the unidentified remains. The profile includes sex, age, ancestry, height, length of time since death, and sometimes the evaluation of trauma observed on bones. In many cases after identity of an individual is made, the forensic anthropologist is called to testify in court regarding the identity of the remains and/or the trauma or wounds present on the remains. In the era of uncertainty of life and uplifment of criminal activities, there should be an enriched stock of scientific weapons for investigation and identification. In this context, the present review analysis initiated for the prediction of stature of an individual from different body parts that could enhance the procedures of identification as well as investigation.
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Rønsbo, Henrik. "DECENTERING STRUGGLE: TRAUMATIZING CENTRAL AMERICANS." Psyke & Logos 25, no. 1 (July 31, 2004): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v25i1.8665.
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This essay demonstrates the ways in which Central American subjects during the last three decades have been centered by changing discourses on violence. From violence entextualized as intrinsic to the eschatological history of the people, to the violence as an autonomous process, that creates entire populations of traumatized. Within this entextualizing trauma is seen as the normal reaction to violence and the ability of social groups and individuals to act has been silenced while agency is transferred to the entities of psycho-social support: The psycho-social interventions combine individualizing and totalizing techniques through which entire populations are placed at the margins of society, living lives in which their emotional state is monitored by humanitarian agencies and interventions designed according to registered levels of well-being and the prevalence of psychological trauma in the general population. By entextualizing violence as an autonomous process, which generates trauma that trough feed-back effects may reproduce themselves over several generations, we have arrived at a theoretical model of life at the margins, which is ill equipped to explain the ways in which violence, everyday life and the exercise of power are articulated in post-colonial societies in Latin America, Africa and Asia.
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Marie Creamer, Anne, Jean Hughes, and Nicole Snow. "An Exploration of Facilitators and Challenges to Young Adult Engagement in a Community-Based Program for Mental Health Promotion." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 7 (January 2020): 233339362092282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393620922828.
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Adolescence and young adulthood can be particularly daunting for those with mental health concerns. In one Canadian city, a community-based drop-in psychosocial mental health center (Center) was designed specifically for youth who self-identified as struggling with mental health issues. The purpose of this study was to identify the features of the program that promoted or discouraged engagement. Narrative inquiry was used to guide the project. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 10 Center users. Four major categories were identified: (a) Reasons for Coming: Motivated to Work on Goals; (b) Facilitators of Engagement and Beyond; (c) Challenges to Engagement; and (d) Benefits of Engaging: Finding My Way. These categories were further delineated into themes. All participants had experienced trauma, and the Center assisted them in their coping. The researchers believe that to aid recovery, agencies working with this population need to use trauma-informed and healing-centered engagement.
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Beer, Renée. "Efficacy of EMDR Therapy for Children With PTSD: A Review of the Literature." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.12.4.177.
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The rationale is synthesized for the urgency of empirical studies demonstrating the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of PTSD, or other trauma-related symptoms. This literature review examined 15 studies (including nine randomized clinical trials) that tested the efficacy of EMDR therapy for the treatment of children and adolescents with these symptoms. All studies found that EMDR therapy produced significant reductions in PTSD symptoms at posttreatment and also in other trauma-related symptoms, when measured. A methodological analysis identified limitations in most studies, reducing the value of these findings. Despite these shortcomings, the methodological strength of the identified studies has increased over time. The review also summarized three meta-analyses. The need for additional rigorous research is apparent, and in order to profit from experiences of the past, the article provides some guidelines for clinicians seeking to conduct future research in their agencies.
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Qadri, Ul, Sri Syahbanita Elida, and Fitri Larasati. "Mitigation Models and Strategies Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Non-Natural Disasters (Study on BPBD of West Kalimantan Province)." Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) 10, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/pjia.10.1.109-125.2021.
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Covid-19 is a non-natural disaster that has shocked countries in the world since the end of 2019 until now and its spread has not been controlled, various efforts have been made by the virus pandemic countries including Indonesia. Its spread occurs in almost every province in Indonesia, one of which is West Kalimantan Province. To prevent the spread of the virus, regional disaster management agencies (BPBD), with various parties, undertake mitigation of its spread and efforts to heal trauma during the pandemic. This study aims to determine the models and strategies of BPBD in mitigation, trauma healing efforts carried out during the pandemic and to find out the obstacles of BPBD in mitigation in West Kalimantan Province. The method used is descriptive qualitative, data sources obtained from interviews with informants, observation and documentation. The analysis technique uses an interactive model by reducing, presenting, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study produce models and strategies for mitigating non-natural disasters with a collaborative strategy and a pentahelix approach. Trauma healing efforts have been carried out to provide understanding to the community with preventive measures. The obstacles faced in mitigation include the low level of public awareness in maintaining health protocols and the lack of incomplete SWAB equipment in every district / city.
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Haryati, Titik, Rahmi Marsinun, Asni Asni, and Dwi Dasalinda. "Integrity Counseling in Protecting Golden Generation from Sexual Harassment." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 30, 2018): 1139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.1139.1144.
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The number of sexual harassment victims (mostly children) are increasing every year. It shows that the government’s a wareness to protect the children is necessary. The victims will experience obstructions in growing and developing. Education, health and welfare are children’s basic needs that must be fulfilled in order to develop optimally. From 2011-2014, there are 2286 cases of sexual harassment including violence, sodomy, and pedophilia. Those cases were handled slowly so it was not enough to punished the perpetrator. Children that used to be victims could become perpetrators because of their disappointment, stress, frustration, depression, even for a revenge. Rehabilitation as a program to cure the trauma is needed in those cases. Unfortunately, rehabilitation often have limited facilities and experts so they usually facing difficulties in recovering traumatic patients. Professional psychologists and doctor specialist are also unable to cure the trauma. It is required integrated counseling from professional counselor to solving those trauma. Based on Presidential Instruction No 5 year in 2014, relevant ministries and government agencies should provide children rights protection through legal force. It is showed that protecting children as a goldenen generation is gone of government’s duty. Those duty could be done by using integrity counseling.
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White, Mark W., and Michael L. Cheatham. "The Underestimated Impact of Personal Watercraft Injuries." American Surgeon 65, no. 9 (September 1999): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313489906500912.
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The popularity of personal watercraft is steadily increasing, as are injuries related to their use. Many of these injuries are not reported to law enforcement agencies, and available personal watercraft injury statistics are suspected to be inaccurate. All personal watercraft-related injuries treated within a four-hospital system (including the regional Level I trauma center) between January 1993 and December 1997 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographics, accident mechanism, injuries sustained, tourist status, outcome, and economic data were collected and compared with available government statistics for the same time period. Sixty-eight consecutive patients injured during personal watercraft use were identified. Of these, 78 per cent were treated and released, whereas 22 per cent required inpatient management. Fractures and soft tissue injuries were the most common injuries sustained. Ninety-seven per cent of patients were discharged home. There was one fatality. Comparison with state and federal statistics identified that personal watercraft injuries are significantly underreported and have an estimated yearly economic impact of more than $235 million. Personal watercraft injuries represent an increasing source of watersport-related trauma. Government statistics on personal watercraft injuries do not accurately reflect the true incidence and economic impact of such trauma. Mandatory educational programs and increased legislation to improve personal watercraft safety should be promoted.