Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traù'

2012/2013
Tutt’altro che selvaggio o immodificato era l’ambiente naturale tragurese di fine Settecento e della prima metà dell’ Ottocento. Il territorio ed il suo ambiente in termini ecostorici lo contrassegnavano le economie e le società preindustriali della tarda età moderna e i modelli tradizionali dell’uso della terra. La dimensione che li rendeva “selvaggi” erano i modelli percettivi occidentali di un “barbarico” ed economicamente arretrato “Adriatic empire” e le forme aspre dell’assetto naturale, che nella visione dei contemporanei risultavano indomabili, insufficentemente sfruttate o poco usufruibili. Di conseguenza, a dominare l’area si presentava proprio il fattore naturale, cui conseguentemente era da associarsi la genuinità e la potenzialità dell’area. Risultato di queste visioni del tempo e dello spazio, accompagnate dalle accurate mappature e statistiche statali sul suo assetto e sulle sue potenzialità (eseguite ai fini del consolidamento del potere), era l’apertura ad un’ ulteriore esplorazione delle terre sconosciute della “mythical Illyria” e ad un’ ulteriore modifica dell’ambiente naturale. Un tale rapporto con l’ ambiente naturale ben si inquadrava nella visione antropocentrica dell’ ambiente che rievocava l’utilizzo deliberato ed incondizionato della natura che in età moderna avrebbe trovato la sua articolazione naturale nell’emergere dello stato territoriale e del capitalismo. Questà è un analisi ecostorica che come l’ idea aveva rilevare i diversi aspetti dell’ impatto umano sull’ ambiente naturale in un relativamente breve e transitorio periodo storico, caratterizzante i forti avvenimenti di guerra e modifiche di governi, i nuovi paradigmi di società e politiche, ma ancora non immodificati i rapporti sociali ed economici e gli effetti di accumulata pressione antropica storica sull’ ambiente. In tale contesto sono appunto i diversi elementi dell’ambiente naturale a raccontare di un momento storico segnato da un ambiente naturale fortemente trasformato, ma anche di una lunga storia dell’ impatto umano sull’ ambiente incisa sulla sua parte geografica e fisica così come su quella storica e di evento.
XXV Ciclo
1970

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design the extension of tram line no. 12 from the current terminal station Technologicky park to the city district Brno-Medlanky. The tram track is situated on the separate road bed outside the built up urban area. Directional and elevational solution of the track is designed in several variants, after the evaluation the best variant is selected and elaborated. The diploma thesis contains the design of the tram stop and the terminal station with baloon loop, including access paths. Adjustment of the crossed road and the drainage system solution is part of the thesis as well.

This master’s degree thesis is aiming to provide design solution within extension of tram line no.5 in the town of Brno,which nowadays ends by balloon loop at Štefánikova čtvrť stop at Merhautova street in Černá Pole district. Proposed tram line is designed in the limits of local urban roads and ends by newly designed balloon loop at Okružní street in Lesná district. Within the framework of this thesis new tram super structure is designed together with surrounding urban rous and connection to Halasova náměstí.

The study is devoted to the painter Zanino di Pietro, who was mainly active in Venice between the 14th and 15th centuries. Indeed, this artist was an eminent personality of the Late Gothic period and took part to the transition of the artistic scene from the neo-Giottesque style to the International style introduced in the Lagoon by Gentile da Fabriano. The goal of the research was to rebuild Zanino di Pietro’s catalogue, analyzing every artwork attributed to the painter and trying to resolve some critical issues or various attributions so far unresolved. The research was carried out deepening the master's artistic development together with his biography: from this viewpoint, the archival research made in different Italian cities has been an important part of the work. It has brought to light some unpublished documents concerning Zanino di Pietro’s links with patrons and the artistic context of his time. These findings have given the opportunity to identify more references and dates to support the reconstruction of his corpus. Furthermore, an important part of the study is dedicated to his workshop and the artistic influences that the painter received throughout his career.
Lo studio è dedicato al pittore Zanino di Pietro, attivo principalmente nel contesto veneziano fra i secoli XIV e XV. Si tratta di un’importante personalità del periodo tardo-gotico e di un esponente di spicco del momento artistico che in laguna vide l’avvicendarsi di diverse tendenze pittoriche, dal neogiottismo della fine del Trecento alla maniera di Gentile da Fabriano. La ricerca ha ricostruito l’intero catalogo del pittore, analizzandone ogni opera e cercando di risolvere una serie di problematiche critiche o attribuzioni irrisolte: attività condotta approfondendo l’evoluzione artistica del maestro insieme alle sue vicende biografiche. La ricerca archivistica, svolta in diversi archivi italiani, ha permesso la scoperta di alcuni documenti inediti riguardanti i legami di Zanino con committenti e con la società del suo tempo. Questi ritrovamenti hanno quindi permesso di individuare più riferimenti e appigli cronologici utili alla ricostruzione del suo corpus. Inoltre un’importante parte dello studio è stata dedicata al funzionamento della sua bottega e alle influenze artistiche che il pittore recepì nel corso della sua carriera.

Topic modelling techniques are used to find the main themes in a collection of documents automatically. This thesis presents effective topic evaluation models to measure the quality of the discovered topics. The proposed techniques use human defined knowledge to solve the problems of evaluating topics in terms of semantic meaning of the topics. The thesis also proposed methods to modelling user interest based on the topic model generated from the user’s documents. The proposed techniques help to measure the quality of the topics and significantly improve the performance of text mining applications.

This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of building a tram track between the Prague districts of Suchdol and Bohnice. It summarizes basic facts about public transport in general and in Prague, mentions the organization of the Prague Integrated Transport system and its financing. The practical part deals with the specific project of the tram track connecting Suchdol and Bohnice using the already designed tracks Kobylisy - Bohnice and Podbaba - Suchdol. Moreover, the nearby Troja area is added to the project. Based on current bus traffic data, new tram lines serving these areas are suggested. At the final stage, the project is complemented by the new P + R parking lots and the possibilities of their use.

Portable mass spectrometers provide convenience for applications where conventional mass spectrometers are not suitable. However, a series of miniaturization issues show up in small mass spectrometers, specifically mass analyzers, that need to be thoroughly addressed before further miniaturization. The work in this dissertation focuses on miniaturization issues of ion trap mass analyzers. Space-charge is one of the major issues in small ion traps affecting their analytical performance. It limits ion trapping capacity when ion-ion repulsion causes spreading of a packet of ions. Simulation studies on the relationship between different trap dimensions and trapping capacity was done on a geometry-optimized cylindrical ion trap. A reasonable way of scaling the two important operating parameters (trapping voltage and trapping frequency as functions of the trap dimension) was discussed and applied in the simulation. The trapping capacity (N) decreased with the physical trap dimension (r0) as expected, and N is scaled exponentially as r0. Scaling laws for trapping parameters are proposed, confirmed by SIMION simulations that evaluate the space charge issue in small ion traps. This effect represents a practical limit in ion trap miniaturization.Geometry deviation is another issue that cannot be neglected in miniaturized ion traps, especially in small linear ion traps (LIT). The LIT our group is working on consists of an assembly of two plates, of which each was made by lithographically patterning a series of electrodes on an insulating plate. It is a promising way of expanding the trap capacity at a small trap dimension. However, misalignment of the two plates might seriously affect its performance, specifically resolution and signal intensity. Simulations were done on the misalignment of two-plate planar LIT in the six possible degrees of freedom (DOF) of misalignment between the two plates. Each DOF's influence on the mass resolution and the ion detection efficiency were discussed. Preliminary data from a previous ceramic plate design was collected while most of the misalignment experiments were done on an improved version. A platform was designed incorporating four motorized stages to precisely control the alignment of the ion trap in vacuum. The new plate design was demonstrated to achieve a better than unit resolution for toluene and deuterated toluene after the plates were aligned. The impact on the resolution and signal intensity from pitch, x-, y- and z-displacement were also experimentally studied.

New ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) instrumentation, the toroidal IT and halo IT, were developed to meet the significant growth in on-site analysis applications. The miniature toroidal IT mass analyzer was operated with radio frequency (RF) trapping voltages of 3 kVp-p or less. Despite its reduced dimensions, it has roughly the same ion trapping capacity as conventional 3D quadrupole ITs. Unit-mass resolved spectra for n-butylbenzene, xenon, and naphthalene were obtained. The desired linear mass scale was obtained using conventional mass-selective instability scan combined with resonance ejection. The halo IT was also based on toroidal trapping geometry and microfabrication technology, consisting of two parallel ceramic plates, the facing surfaces of which were imprinted with sets of concentric ring electrodes. Unlike conventional ITs, in which hyperbolic metal electrodes establish equipotential boundary conditions, electric fields in the halo IT were established by applying different RF potentials to each ring. The potential on each ring could be independently optimized to provide the best trapping field. The halo IT featured an open structure, allowing easy access for in situ ionization. The toroidal geometry provided a large trapping volume. The photolithographic fabrication method avoided difficulty in meeting the required machining tolerances. Preliminary mass spectra showed resolution (m/δ m) of 60–75 when the trap was operated at 1.9 MHz and 500 Vp-p. Ion ejection through a hole in the center of the trap, and through slits machined in the ceramic plates were evaluated. The latter ejection method was done to mimic the design of the toroidal IT. The preferred electric fields containing higher order components were optimized by adjusting the potentials applied to the electrode rings of the halo IT without changing the original trapping plates and structure of the IT. The performance of the halo IT with 1% to 7% octopole field (A4/A2) components was determined. A best resolution of 280 (m/δ m) was obtained with 5% octopole field. SIMION simulations were used to demonstrate the toroidal trapping of ions and their mass analysis in both toroidal and halo ITs.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
Four trap types were used to trap boll weevils at 1 m heights, with and without grandlure, and 2 trap types were compared at 0.5 m height, with and without grandlure. The results indicate trap height may be an important factor in boll weevil catches at certain times during the cotton season. Also trap color, design and other factors may influence trap catches since traps not baited with grandlure caught high numbers of boll weevils during certain times during the cotton growing season.

This thesis provides a summary of the laser system constructed in the Quantum Degenerate Gases Laboratory for laser cooling and trapping of 85/87Rband 6Li as well as of experiments that have been pursued in our lab to date. The first chapter provides an overview of the experimental focus of the QDG lab. The second and third chapters provide the fundamental theory behind laser cooling and trapping. The fourth chapter provides details of the laser system. The fifth chapter describes an experiment performed on the subject of dual-injection, performed in collaboration with Dr. James Booth of the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) involving the dual-injection of a single slave amplifier. The last chapter describes the progress made on the experimental setup needed for the study of Feshbach resonances between 85/87Rb and 6Li and the photoassociative formation of molecules.

A new approach of making ion trap mass analyzers was developed in which trapping fields are created in the space between two ceramic plates. Based on microfabrication technology, a series of independently-adjustable electrode rings is lithographically patterned on the facing surfaces of each ceramic plate. The trapping field can be modified or fine-tuned simply by changing the RF amplitude applied to each electrode ring. By adjusting the potential function applied to the plates, arbitrary trapping fields can be created using the same set of ceramic plates. Unlike conventional ion traps, the electrodes of planar ion traps have a non-equipotential surface, thus the electric field is independent of electrode geometry and can be optimized electronically. The simple geometry and open structure of planar ion traps address obstacles to miniaturization, such as fabrication tolerances, surface smoothness, electrode alignment, limited access for ionization or ion injection, and small trapping volume, thereby offering a great opportunity for a portable mass spectrometer device. Planar ion traps including the planar quadrupole ion trap and the coaxial ion trap have been designed and tested using this novel method. The planar quadrupole trap has demonstrated a mass range up to 180 Da (Th), with mass resolution typically between 400-700. We have also developed a novel ion trap in which both toroidal and quadrupolar trapping regions are created simultaneously between a set of plates. This "Coaxial Trap" allows trapping and mass analysis of ions in two different regions: ions can be trapped and mass analyzed in either the toroidal or quadrupolar regions, and transferred between these regions. Some simulation work based on the ion motion between two different trapping regions in the coaxial ion trap has been performed. Using a one-dimensional simulation method, ion motion was investigated to transfer ions between these two regions. The effect of the mutipole components in the radial field and axial field, amplitude and frequency of the primary RF and supplementary AC signal were studied to obtain high mass resolution in the axial direction and high transfer efficiency in the radial direction. In all these devices, the independent control of each patterned electrode element allows independent control of higher-order multipole fields. Fields can be optimized and changed electronically instead of physically as is done in conventional traps.

Basic economic theory suggests that the decision to go to college should be based only on the expected costs and benefits of college. The income of the family the student comes from should have no effect. Yet, it does. The two common explanations for this discrepancy, inadequate primary school funding and liquidity constraints are at odds with the facts. I offer a third explanation, economically disadvantaged students attend college at lower rates because they have biased information. This analysis connects to the existing literature in at least three ways. It provides a rational basis for the neighborhood effect., extends work on human capital development indicating that educational paths are set at or before age 16 and helps provide an explanation for the both the increase in the return to education and the slowdown in college graduation growth among young men in the United States.

This thesis improves on the design of the Optical Trap Display (OTD), presented in 2018 [1]. Contributions include: real time animation; single beam, multiparticle suspension, point primitive anisotropic scattering, and virtual image approximation. First, real time animation was demonstrated on the OTD for the first time in full color at up to 30Hz refresh. Second, multi-particle systems allow for scaling of the display by a multiplicative factor, potentially up to orders of magnitude greater than the first OTD. Third, anisotropic scattering of point primitives was shown for individual suspended particles and multiple simultaneously suspended particles. Fourth, virtual images have been previously considered impossible in volumetric displays but by using perspective projections we have shown in simulation and experiment for the first time that an effect similar to a virtual image can be created.

Radio frequency (RF) ion traps based on the quadrupole device developed by Paul and Steinwedel utilize a dynamic electric field to spatially confine the trajectory of charged particles and may be employed as mass spectrometers by selectively ejecting trapped molecules based on the mass to charge ratio. Because of the inherent sensitivity and specificity of this process, ion trap mass spectrometers have become a popular scientific instrument. In the past two decades there has been a push to develop portable ion trap mass spectrometers for in situ mass analysis by geometrically scaling traps to smaller sizes. This decreases the power and vacuum requirements which allows field portable instruments to use smaller/less powerful vacuum pumps and batteries. This dissertation presents the process of miniaturizing the planar linear ion trap (PLIT) to a microscale radius in order to investigate the scaling limits of mass spectrometers. The ultimate end goal is the integration of a PLIT into a portable mass spectrometry system. The PLIT consists of two flat, non-conducting plates, on which fine metal electrodes are patterned using standard microfabrication processes, including photolithography. An RF field is distributed across the electrodes to create a quadrupole electromagnetic potential which traps ions based on their mass to charge ratio. While simple in concept, the PLIT has been developed over a ten-year period including an investigation of a variety of substrate materials and design geometries. This dissertation briefly reviews the optimal fabrication flow and why the stated parameters have advantages over other possible combinations in a coplanar ion trap. Since ion trap miniaturization reduces the trapping volume (which also worsens the SNR and resolution of a mass spectrum), a novel RF phase tracking circuit was developed to exploit a phase locked condition during double resonance ejection. This was implemented on the PLIT to increase SNR before constructing the µPLIT. Better than unit resolutions (0.5 Da, FWHM) and SNR improvements were observed.Lastly, the successful miniaturization of the PLIT to a microscale radius is presented. This was done by redesigning the electrodes on the PLIT surface to have an equivalent trap radius (ro) of 800 μm. The μPLIT successfully confined then resonantly ejected ions with resolutions of approximately 2-3 Da. The performance of the μPLIT was also tested over a range of pressures from 2.5-42×10-3 Torr and retained resolutions between 2.3-2.7 Da. Ultimately, the μPLIT was shown to retain resolutions viable for portable mass spectrometry at pressures in the tens of millitorr while consuming a factor of 3.38 less power than the unscaled PLIT.

Globally, changes in plant community structure have occurred in ecosystems where humans have altered natural disturbance regimes. Many plants have adaptive life histories and morphological traits that have coevolved with fire and herbivory, which allows them to thrive despite repeated tissue losses. Therefore, altering the type, frequency, or severity of disturbance affects individual plant growth and competition among species. When these changes benefit or disadvantage different plant functional groups (i.e., grasses, shrubs, trees) it alters ecosystem structure and function. Understanding and predicting these vegetation changes, is critical for conservation and management of biodiversity, wildlife habitat, livestock forage, and water. Savannas are characterized by the codominance of grasses and trees, but the proportion of tree cover responds dynamically to changes in precipitation, fire, and herbivory. These factors often cause a ‘demographic bottleneck,’ which delays transitions from sapling size (1 m). In this dissertation, I investigated several fire × herbivory interactions to gain a mechanistic understanding of sapling recruitment processes that ultimately affect savanna structure. I made use of a long-term experiment that used semi-permeable fencing to manipulate presence and absence of different types of herbivores, to explore how fire and different combinations of domestic cattle, meso-wildlife, and megaherbivores (elephant and giraffe) affect sapling recruitment. First, I found clear evidence that a wide range of tree height classes resprout after being top-killed by fire, but they were all subsequently kept short by meso-wildlife browsing. Elephants played a key role in suppressing the largest resprouts after fire possibly because fire had reduced the presence of ant mutualists that defend the trees. Second, I found that in the absence of fire, cattle and wildlife indirectly affected saplings by altering competition with neighboring vegetation. Saplings competed with grass and trees during above-average rainfall years. Bare ground—a condition often caused by overgrazing—was positively associated with sapling growth. The highest sapling growth, however, occurred where large neighbor trees were absent, a condition maintained primarily by elephants browsing and damaging large neighbor trees. Finally, I found that saplings conditioned by pre-fire wildlife “browsing legacies” had high tolerance to combined fire and wildlife browsing. These results help explain how saplings tolerate repeated tissue loss to disturbance. Understanding how interactions between fire and herbivory affect sapling recruitment will help managers effectively use natural disturbance processes to manage savanna structure and function.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2005.
Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Chemistry"--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering and Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineer) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1993.
Thesis advisor(s): Conrad F. Newberry. "September 1993." Bibliography: p. 309. Also available online.

Richard Feynman first proposed the idea of quantum computers thirty years ago. Since then, efforts have been undertaken to realize large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers that can factor large numbers much more quickly than classical computers, which would have significant implications for computer security. While there is no universally agreed upon technology for experimentally realizing quantum computers, many researchers look to ion traps as a promising technology. This thesis focuses on ion traps, how they fulfill the Divincenzo criteria, what obstacles must be overcome, and recent achievements in this field. We examine the physical principles of a linear Paul trap, including the confining potential and its quantum dynamics. In addition, we built a mechanical analogue of an ion trap for pedagogical purposes, and we provide an analysis of its trapping potential and compare it to a real ion trap, the Paul trap. Furthermore, we provide guidance for building a course module on ion trap based quantum computing; our guidance is based on course materials from several institutions.

The distillation point efficiencies for the alcohol-water binary, ternary and quaternary systems were measured using a modified Oldershaw column. This column is expanded above the tray to separate the newly formed bubbles from the column wall, thus eliminating the surface tension induced wall effects for positive systems and discouraging wetted wall effects. The excessive and recirculating foam and froth found in the conventional Oldershaw column is due to these wall effects and does not represent conditions in large scale distillation. The point efficiencies measured using this column for the system methanol/water were lower than the point efficiencies deduced from the composition profiles across a large and narrow rectangular distillation column using an eddy diffusion model. The narrow rectangular column had a liquid flow path length of about one meter, thus avoiding stagnant zones and flow non-uniformities. The lower efficiencies were due to the shorter contact time between the gas and the liquid. This contact time was increased markedly by fitting an outlet weir to the modified Oldershaw column, thus increasing the tray liquid hold-up and the point efficiencies. These point efficiencies were about 10 per cent lower than those on the large tray at a similar value of the F. Factor. The eddy diffusion model predicted rectangular tray efficiencies about 10 to 20 per cent lower than those measured, when using the improved modified column point efficiencies. Using a suitable model, the improved point efficiencies were scaled-up to the conditions existing on the rectangular tray. This resulted in the large tray values of 2 to 4 per cent lower tray efficiencies than those measured. The surface tension effect on the point efficiencies of the binary systems MeOH/n.PrOH using the original modified Oldershaw column in the absence of wall effects using the concept of the Marangoni stabilising index. The surface tension of these systems were measured using a glass thermometer. The system MeOH/H20 had the highest Marangoni index and showed the highest point efficiencies throughout the composition range, with the EtOH/H2O/n.PrOH, with low values of the Marangoni index, showed comparable point efficiencies throughout the composition range. These systems demonstrate all the possible types of surface tension behaviour. The effects of the outlet weir height and hole size on the point efficiencies in the rectangular column operating under similar hydrodynamic conditions were also investigated using the system MeOH/H2O. There was an increase in point and tray efficiencies on increasing the outlet weir height from 2 mm to 12.7 mm. There was also small increase in point and tray efficiencies on decreasing the hole size from 6.4 mm to 1 mm at the expense of higher pressure drops. The point efficiencies of these trays under different hydraulic conditions were in the range 85 to 95 per cent, with subsequent high tray efficiencies. This provides further evidence of the high tray efficiencies available to the design engineer if the detrimental effects of stagnant zones and flow non-uniformities were eliminated. Two highly non-ideal ternary systems and quaternary system were also studied using the original modified Oldershaw and the rectangular columns. Considerable differences between the individual component point efficiencies were observed. These differences are probably caused by the interactive nature of the mass transfer in these systems. These systems also exhibited equal component point efficiencies in parts of the composition range, which illustrates the composition dependency of these systems. The individual component tray efficiencies for these systems were noticeably different, even with equal component point efficiencies operating across the tray. These differences were simulated using the eddy diffusion model, highlighting the effects of limited liquid back mixing on the tray. The composition profile for the system MeOH/EtOH/H20 were predicted and compared with the measurements across the rectangular column using three methods derived from the original Maxwell and Stephan mass transfer equations. These predictions were in good agreement with the measurements. However, as the comparison is only based on a one meter flow path length, the actual design of distillation column using these methods would be conservative. The prediction of the composition profiles using the point efficiencies from the original version of the modified 0ldershaw column yielded a similar observation for both the ternaries and the quaternary system. An expanded aluminium tray (Expamet 607A) was also subject to preliminary efficiency tests in the rectangular column. This material has corrugated angled holes, thus encouraging the liquid flow across the tray by using the vapour momentum. This material showed much lower pressure drops, due to its high open area compared with conventional sieve trays, and discourages weeping and entrainment.

When planning for road building and infrastructure, simulations of tra-c 　ow are useful tools for further investigation. Two models are analyzed in this report, both supported by the assumption that tra-c 　ow behaves as a continous 　uid on a macroscopic scale. This means that the vehicle density will be considered instead of observing the vehicles as discrete objects. Conservational laws along with piecewise constant initial data are called Riemann problems. Tra-c 　ow in one dimension at a tra-c light can be modeled as such a problem with the continuity equation and a scaled Heaviside function as initial data. Two special cases of the general problem are solved, in the rst model the velocity of the cars is a linear function of the density while in the second model the velocty is a function of the denisty and its derivative. The rst case is solved analytically with a similarity solution. The second case, where diusion is included, is solved numerically and the method utilized is proved to be stable. Simulations are presented in order to see how the density of vehicles develop in front of and after the tra-c light. The results are used to determine a time for the tra-c light to be green, given a xed time for red, that optimzes the 　ow of vehicles.

The recent demonstration of trapped atomic antihydrogen for 15 to 1000 seconds is a milestone towards precise spectroscopy for tests of CPT invariance. The confinement of a total of 105±21 atoms in a quadrupole magnetic trap was made possible by several improved methods. Improved accumulation techniques give us the largest numbers of constituent particles yet: up to 10 million antiprotons and several billion positrons. A novel cooling protocol leads to 3.5 K antiprotons, the coldest ever observed. Characterizing and controlling the geometry and density of these confined antimatter plasmas allow for consistency in antihydrogen production. Continued use of these methods along with the larger trap depth of a unique second-generation magnet are expected to yield greater numbers of trapped antihydrogen. The new magnet generates both quadrupole and octupole trap geometries, which should make it possible to reduce charged particle loss and will prove useful for laser cooling and spectroscopy. The ultra-low inductances of the magnet have been shown to vastly reduce turn-off times, which will optimize single-atom detection. Finally, improved detector characterization already makes us sensitive to smaller numbers of trapped antihydrogen atoms than before.

Diploma thesis is focused on a design of the road bridge of the category S7,5 in cadastral territory of a municipality Polanka nad Odrou. Three preliminary studies have been proposed. Box girder beam with a slant walls were selected for more detailed processing. Construction of the bridge is going to be build by time-dependent analysis on a solid formwork. The calculation of load is done by using computer software Midas Civil 19 v 2.1. and Scia Engineer 19.1. Selected preliminary was assessed according to the recent Europan standards.

This thesis deals with creating a web application that allows to upload and present information concerning running paths in Brno and its neighborhood. It consists of a user interface that provides the ability to manage information stored in the SQL database. It also serves as a tool for the automated determination of geometric parameters of tracks and allows you to view the routing on the map server mapy.cz or to portray the longitudinal profile.

Subject of this master-thesis is perpendicular bridging over „railway “ČD Břeclav – Přerov v km 180,287 033.Its content is the design of the construction of the bicameral multipole concrete bridge. The chosen option is formed by two additionally prestressed chambers connected by slab. The total length of 10-pin bridge is 307,20 metres. The calculation of effects of the load is done by software NEXIS. The assessment of construction is done manually according to standard ČSN-EN 1992-1-1. The calculation is done including time analysis.

The Canadian Penning trap Mass Spectrometer (CPTMS) was reassembled and commissioned at Argonne National Laboratory. It consists of three systems: a laser desorption ion source, used for stable isotope production; a radio-frequency quadrupole ion trap (Paul trap); and a Penning trap, which sits inside a homogeneous 6 Tesla magnetic field. The CPTMS was tested using gold ions: these were accelerated toward the Paul trap, where they were accumulated and cooled down. They were then sent to the Penning trap, in which ions undergo circular motion. These motions were resonantly excited using an RF dipole electric field, and the resonant frequency was measured as a minimum in time-of-flight of the ejected ions as they were led to a region of low magnetic field, converting their cyclotron energy to axial kinetic energy. The apparatus was found to be operational: multiple-bunch accumulation was observed for the first time in a Paul trap, and the Fourier limited frequency resolution of 2 x 10--6 was attained for a one second excitation time in the Penning trap.

I den här studien undersöks hur ett par förskollärare och en specialpedagog använder sig av resultatet av TRAS för att designa sin verksamhet. Jag har även undersökt hur resultatet av TRAS påverkar den pedagogiska miljön i verksamheten samt hur förskollärare och specialpedagoger ser på arbetet med TRAS. För att genomföra studien och samla information har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ ansats med strukturerade intervjufrågor i mötet med förskollärare och specialpedagoger. Förskollärarna är eniga om att det är viktigt att utveckla sin verksamhet och de tar hjälp av TRAS- materialet för att kunna genomföra detta. Även om enstaka av de tillfrågade förskollärarna är kluvna till TRAS- materialet så anser de att materialet är bra att använda i verksamheten. Specialpedagogen såg däremot bara positivt på användandet av TRAS- materialet

New measurements of the masses of the isotopes⁸,⁹,¹¹Li were made using recently commissioned TITAN Penning trap mass spectrometer at TRIUMF. The measurement of the halo nucleus ¹¹Li represents a new standard in Penning trap mass spectrometry, as it is the shortest lived, t₁/₂ = 8.8 ms, isotope ever weighed using this technique. Low energy, E = 20 keV, beams of these radioactive isotopes were produced using the ISAC facility. These were subsequentlycooled and bunched using a square-wave-driven Radio- Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) ion guide, which was filled with hydrogen gas. The cooled ion bunches were then passed into a Penning trap where the mass measurements were made. A description of the RFQ in the ISAC hall is given along with some results from the commissioning of the device. A new set of harmonic deceleration optics is presented which have been successfully used to inject ions into the RFQ. Cooling of lithium ions with high DC efficiencies of 20%, in helium, and 40%, in hydrogen, are shown. Extraction of extremely short ion bunches, 30 ns FWHM, is also demonstrated. Storage times for stable lithium ions in helium and hydrogen were investigated. It was found that lithium ions could be cooled in hydrogen for up to 30 ms without significant losses whereas cooling in helium lead to exponential losses with a half-life of 5.7(1)ms. The TITAN Penning trap is described and the ⁸,⁹,¹¹Li data presented. Final values for the mass excess of ∆(⁸Li) = 20945.70(38) keV, ∆(⁹Li) = 24954.80(60) keV and ∆(¹¹Li) = 40728.1(12) keV are obtained. The ⁹,¹¹Li results are then used to obtain a new value for two neutron separation energy of ¹¹Li, S₂n = 369.3(1.3) keV. This agrees with the recent measurement from the MISTRAL spectrometer, 376(5) keV, at the two sigma level, but shows over three standard deviations from the most recent atomic mass evaluation, 300(20) keV

A high frequency, large amplitude helium filled RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) beam cooler and buncher was developed and tested for use in the TITAN (TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science) Penning trap mass spectrometer facility. This device will cool and bunch radioactive ion beams for use in TITAN's high precision mass measurements of short-lived isotopes and other experiments. A test stand was built to test the transmission and properties of ions from a surface ion source through injection optics, the linear Paul trap RFQ and the extraction optics in both continuous and pulsed modes. The efficiency of the device was determined to be on the order of 60% in continuous mode. The present measurements confirm a transverse emittance of the extracted beam in bunched mode operation of 4 pi-mm-mrad at an extraction energy of 4 keV.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 327 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-327). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka införandet och användandet av materialet TRAS (Tidig Registrering Av Språkutveckling) i några utvalda förskolor i en kommun. För att uppnå syftet användes samtalsintervjuer som metod. I studien medverkade tio pedagoger, som alla arbetar på förskolor med barn i åldrarna ett till fem år, samt en talpedagog. I denna studie framkommer att kommunens mål med användningen av TRAS, var att hitta ett material som kunde hjälpa pedagogerna på förskolorna att identifiera barn som löper risk för att utveckla språksvårigheter. Det har inte framkommit i den här studien om kommunen har gjort någon form av uppföljning av användningen av materialet. Resultatet visade att ett av pedagogernas mål med TRAS, är att använda materialet som ett verktyg i deras arbete på förskolan. Gällande pedagogernas uppföljning av TRAS, har det visat sig att de främst använder det kartlagda materialet till att utveckla sin verksamhet. I denna studie har vi använt oss av ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv när vi analyserat studiens resultat.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
A presente tese concentra-se num plano industrial da China, “Made in China 2025” (MIC2025). O plano tem uma função instrumental dupla, ou seja, atualizar o sistema industrial por inovação tecnológica e contribuir para alcançar o sonho da China de um grande rejuvenescimento. Assim, a dissertação é analisar se a China pode reformar a ordem mundial por inovação tecnológica. Atualmente, a China entrou num peroído crtíico de transição da economia de renda média para a de renda alta. Considerando que a China está a enfrentar problemas ambientais cada vez mais graves e problemas sociais a nvíel da disparidade, a China corre o risco de não se conseguir transformar, sendo apanhada na middle-income trap (MIT). Por outro lado, como no rápido crescimento económico, a China gradualmente mudou o seu perfil “low-key” iniciado no peroído Deng Xiaoping para uma postura mais proativa na poltíica global, uma diplomacia de pasí principal, que é entendida como diplomacia dos grandes poderes. A diplomacia serve para ajudar a China a realizar o sonho de modernização e construir uma comunidade com um futuro compartilhado para a humanidade. Sob uma poltíica externa proativa, a ascensão da China provavelmente cairá na Thucydides Trap (TT), ou seja, encontrará concorrência com a hegemonia existente, os EUA, o que irá trazer o mundo à instabilidade. Combinando as funções do MIC2025 e os riscos da China cair em duas armadilhas, propusemos duas hipóteses: o MIC2025 pode ajudar a China a escapar da MIT e manter um desenvolvimento sustentável; e a China, com a força aumentada pelo plano industrial, escapará da TT e contribuirá para melhorar a ordem mundial multilateral. Considerando vários fatores que afetarão a eficácia das funções do MIC2025, elaborámos adicionalmente três proposições para as respectivas hipóteses. Especificamente, para a primeira hipótese, as proposições são: o MIC2025 tem a função instrumental de promover o desenvolvimento por inovação tecnológica; A China possui condições pré -existentes para executar o MIC2025; O domníio das economias avançadas em inovação deixará espaço limitado para a China executar o plano. Para a segunda hipótese, as proposições são: o MIC2025 tem a função instrumental de aumentar a força da China; As propostas da China para o mundo não levarão a China à TT, mas contribuirão para melhorar a ordem mundial multilateral; A China tem condições limitadas para reformar a ordem mundial, que é estabelecida e mantida pelos EUA e seus aliados. Com várias hipóteses e proposições, projetámos a pesquisa de uma perspectiva pragmática, o que nos pode permitir fazer escolhas livremente e tirar proveito de diferentes abordagens para alcançar o objetivo. Sob esta perspectiva, usámos métodos mistos sequenciais explicativos, que envolvem uma recolha de dados quantitativos primeiro e depois explicam os resultados quantitativos com os dados qualitativos. Na parte quantitativa, primeiramente construmí os relações entre as teorias de inovação tecnológica, desenvolvimento e poder, que mais tarde serão usadas como orientação para recolher e analisar os dados quantitativos. Em seguida, recolhemos os dados quantitativos com a organização das hipóteses e as suas proposições usando variáveis. As variáveis foram escolhidas com base no motivo pragmático, o que nos pode fornecer uma estrutura precisa para direcionar o processo de recolha de dados. Selecionámos quatro tipos de variáveis para construir a estrutura, ou seja, variáveis independentes, dependentes, mediadoras e moderadoras. As variáveis independentes são variáveis preditoras que podem causar os resultados, que são variáveis dependentes. As duas variáveis constituem uma estrutura de causa e efeito. Na estrutura, as mediadoras afetarão as dependentes em conjunto com as independentes; enquanto que as moderadoras, com a natureza de variáveis independentes, afetarão a direção e a força da relação entre as independentes e dependentes. Com base nas caractersíticas das variáveis e nas hipóteses, elaborámos duas ligações causais. Especificamente, na Ligação 1, a primeira proposição da função instrumental do MIC2025 em desenvolvimento serve como a variável independente (VI), que causará ou influenciará o resultado de escapar da MIT, que é considerada a variável dependente (VD). Além disso, a segunda proposição das condições preexistentes da China para executar o MIC2025 é a variável mediadora (VM1), afetando positivamente a ligação de causalidade; a terceira proposição de domníio da inovação das economias avançadas é a variável moderadora (VM2), influenciando negativamente a direção da ligação. Na Ligação 2, a primeira proposição da função instrumental do plano no poder como VI gerará o efeito de VD de ajudar a China a escapar da TT. Além disso, a segunda proposição das propostas da China para o mundo, servindo como VM1, exercerá um efeito positivo sobre a ligação. Por outro lado, a terceira proposição da ordem mundial liberal como VM2 terá um impacto adverso. Com relação às abordagens de pesquisa, para a Ligação 1, foram utilizadas principalmente as abordagens de análise de conteúdo de materiais em primeira mão e análise secundária de estatsíticas oficiais. Na abordagem da análise de conteúdo, os documentos e textos foram recolhidos de livros editados pelo governo chinês, o site do governo chinês e os sites da imprensa principal chinesa (People’s Daily, Xinhua, China Daily), enquanto na abordagem da análise secundária das estatsíticas oficiais, as estatsíticas foram recolhidas no site dos departamentos do governo chinês e da imprensa principal chinesa. Para a Ligação 2, apesar das duas abordagens usadas na primeira, também usámos os estudos comparativos entre a atual China e o Japão na década de 1980 para analisar a posição da China na ordem mundial. Após a recolha dos dados, examinamos as relações teóricas que estabelecemos e obtivemos resultados quantitativos. Na primeira ligação, descobrimos que o MIC2025 oferece uma trajetória orientada à inovação para o futuro desenvolvimento da China. A China construiu uma base tecnológica especfíica por meio de poltíicas contníuas de ciência e tecnologia, inovação indgíena, investmento interno e investimento externo, que podem ajudar a China a executar o MIC2025. No entanto, a China ainda se mantém distante da fronteira tecnológica, dominada pelas economias ocidentais. Além disso, a proteção de propriedade intelectual (PI) da China ainda é fraca; As empresas privadas da China, que são mais eficientes em comparação com as estatais, foram reprimidas. Por fim, o risco de queda na MIT aumentou, não apenas devido aos problemas existentes em proteção ambiental e disparidade social, mas também ao surgimento do desemprego tecnológico e à intensificação da lacuna de desenvolvimento causada pelo MIC2025. Nesse sentido, é difcíil para a China escapar da MIT e manter o desenvolvimento sustentável. Na segunda ligação, descobrimos que o MIC2025 serve como um passo estratégico para realizar o sonho da China de grande rejuvenescimento. Com o crescente poder económico, militar e cientfíico, a China propôs as suas soluções para a Ásia e o desenvolvimento mundial. Para a Ásia, trata-se do novo conceito de segurança asiática da China, que enfatiza a participação de todos os pasíes asiáticos na manutenção da segurança. No entanto, isso dificilmente pode ser alcançado, pois nesta região, os EUA mantiveram preeminência militar e desenvolveram aliados estratégicos com vários pasíes asiáticos. Para o mundo, a noção da China de uma comunidade de um futuro compartilhado para a humanidade é representada economicamente pela Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Embora as rotas da BRI se espalhem amplamente, a China considera principalmente os pasíes e regiões vizinhos com os quais pretende cooperar. Assim, a BRI demonstra as caractersíticas do regionalismo e do bilateralismo. Em relação à posição da China na ordem mundial, comparamos o Japão e a China com os aspectos da sua posição na ordem e a sua relação com os EUA. Descobrimos que, na ordem mundial, a posição da China não representa ameaças à posição de liderança da América. Além disso, os dois pasíes desenvolveram relações económicas interconectadas. Os dois elementos podem ajudar a China a escapar dos conflitos com os EUA. No entanto, a China tende a mudar seu status quo e tornase desafiadora da ordem. Nesse sentido, a China e os EUA podem cair na TT sobre questões de segurança na Ásia. Com os resultados quantitativos, escolhemos dois entrevistados (um funcionário da Embaixada da China em Portugal e uma repórter da China Daily) familiarizados com as questões tecnológicas da China e interessados na ascensão da China usando entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para os dados qualitativos, usámos análise crtíica do discurso. Descobrimos que os entrevistados mantêm uma atitude realista de que a China atualizará o sistema industrial e obterá mais poder económico; enquanto para o futuro da ascensão da China, os entrevistados têm uma perspectiva liberal de que a China pode realizar uma ascensão pacfíica devido à interdependência económica no mundo. Em suma, os dois pensam que a China pode escapar da MIT e da TT. Por fim, conclumí os que o MIC2025 é crucial para a China alcançar os pasíes desenvolvidos. A China não pode utilizar o plano para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável sem considerar a proteção ambiental, a justiça social, a proteção de PI e a motivação dos empreendedores. Por outro lado, no processo de alcançar o mesmo, a China pode escapar intencionalmente da TT e concentrar-se no desenvolvimento económico. No entanto, na Ásia, tendo em com consideração a segurança nacional, a China não pode evitar conflitos com os EUA para defender seus interesses nacionais.
The present thesis concentrates on China’s industrial plan, “Made in China 2025” (MIC2025). The plan has a dual instrumental function, namely, upgrading China’s industrial system and contributing to achieving China’s dream of great rejuvenation. China has developed from a low-income economy into a middle-income one owing to its pragmatic reforms since the end of the 1970s. However, due to the environmental problems and social disparity caused by the traditional development model, China has the risk of failing during its transformation into a high-income country and dropping in the middle-income trap (MIT). On the other hand, along with economic growth, China has shifted its low-key foreign policy to a proactive one and launched proposals for Asian security and world order. In this sense, China may encounter competition with the existing hegemony, the U.S., and drop into the Thucydides Trap (TT). With the hypotheses of falling into two traps, this research has used the mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the quantitative approach, we have established two links by connecting the dual function of MIC2025 with two traps by using independent, dependent, mediating, and moderating variables for the hypotheses. In the first link, we have found that, although China has established a specific technological base, China still stands far away from the technological frontier. Thus, it is not easy for China to escape the MIT. In the second link, we have found that China’s position in the world order does not threaten America’s dominant position. However, China’s proposals for Asian security and the world may bring itself into a competition with the U.S. and fall into the TT. In the qualitative approach, we have done two semi-structured interviews, according to which China can escape the traps. However, the possibility of falling into two traps cannot be overlooked.
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Syftet med denna studie har varit att granska observationsmaterialet TRAS (tidig registrering av språkutveckling). Vi har undersökt vad pedagoger och rektorer anser om TRAS, dess innehåll och arbetet med materialet. Data består av intervjuer av sex pedagoger, på två olika förskolor, med erfarenheter av TRAS samt ansvarig rektor på dessa förskolor. Resultatet visar på att pedagogerna och rektorerna har uppfattningen om att det finns både fördelar och nackdelar med TRAS. Pedagogerna och rektorerna är övervägande positiva till TRAS och upplever att det är ett bra hjälpmedel och komplement i arbetet med barns språkutveckling.

This thesis reports on the design, construction and implementation of a moving-trap Zeeman decelerator which uses 3D magnetic traps to guide and decelerate paramagnetic particles from a supersonic beam. The decelera- tor will ultimately be used in a quantum simulator device, where a system of strongly-interacting quantum particles, where their interactions can be tuned, is formed using polar molecules. The decelerator is a potential load- ing stage for a molecular magneto-optical trap (MOT), where high densities of molecules can be cooled down to the sub milliKelvin temperatures. The molecules can then be further cooled sympathetically with laser-cooled atoms into the microKelvin regime, allowing their trapping in an optical lattice. This thesis mainly describes the design, construction, and implementation of the decelerator. The technicalities of the beam machine, the decelerator coils, and the driving electronics are described in detail. A homebuilt fast- ionisation gauge (FIG) detector allows the characterisation and optimisation of pulsed beams produced by a cryogenically cooled pulsed valve. We produce supersonic beams of metastable argon atoms (Ar*), made by the electronic excitation of the atoms using a homebuilt pulsed electric discharge assembly, stabilised by a hot filament. This enables the discharge to operate more stably at voltages as low as 400 V and at discharge pulse durations as short as 20 μs, which combine to create a cold packet of Ar* atoms. An optimised slow beam of Ar* with a measured velocity of 306±8 m/s and a translational temperature of 4 K is formed. The decelerator has a detection chamber that allows different means of detecting atoms and molecules: michrochannel- plate (MCP), single-pass laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), cavity-enhanced laser-induced fluorescence (CELIF), and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) with the ability to photo-ionise. We demonstrate that the CELIF detection technique, which combines a cavity ring-down (CRD) setup and a LIF setup, using a standard UV pulsed dye laser, can be an effective detection method for molecules with fluorescence lifetimes on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. Using CELIF, we measure the absolute density of SD radicals in a pulsed supersonic jet down to the limit-of-detection of 105 cm−3. In the 0.002 cm3 probe volume, this corresponds to ca. 200 molecules, and the quantum-noise-limited absorption coefficient is αmin = 7.9 × 10−11 cm−1 in 200 s of acquisition time. The biggest advantage of this type of decelerator is in the fact that the para- magnetic atoms are confined in all three dimensions continuously throughout the length of the decelerator. We present our proof-of-principle experimen- tal results where we demonstrate, using a single deceleration stage with a length of 123mm, the manipulation of Ar* atoms in the 3P2 metastable state using 3D magnetic fields, and using continuously modulated magnetic fields which produce a travelling potential. It is successfully shown that the Ar* signal intensity is greatly increased, nearly by a factor two by using a 290mm long quadrupole magnetic guide which provides transverse confine- ment of the atoms. With the addition of the decelerator coils, magnetic confinement along the longitudinal beam axis is achieved, forming 3D-traps. The 3D-guiding of the low-field-seeking states of 3P2 state of Ar* is carried out at constant velocities ranging from 320 m/s up to 400 m/s along a single decelerator module. The longitudinal temperatures were ∼500mK. While attempting the deceleration of the traps, though no real deceleration was observed for this short decelerator length, the fields did show a manipulation effect. This gives us the confidence that with a longer decelerator, we will see very prominent bunching. The work presented in this thesis is a major step forward in the demon- stration of an efficient Zeeman decelerator which can bring large numbers of molecules to low velocities. It will be an ideal loading step for a molecular MOT where high densities of molecules can be cooled down to the sub mil- liKelvin temperatures. A beam of CaF molecules from a buffer gas source, starting at an initial velocity of 150m/s, could be decelerate to a standstill using a 1 m long decelerator. This would only require eight decelerator mod- ules. Aside from its use as a loading step for a molecular MOT, for building a quantum simulator device, this new type of decelerator can be used for various applications. One of these is in cold chemistry. The methyl radi- cal is one of the most important and fundamental intermediates in chemical reactions. With regards to magnetic deceleration, the methyl radical has a similar magnetic-moment-to-mass ratio to argon, so with an appropriate choice of a seed gas we should be able reproduce the results we have so far with argon and demonstrate deceleration of our first molecule.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42).
We conducted an experiment to load a shallow planar ion trap from a cold atom source of Ytterbium using photoionization. The surface trap consisted of a three-rod radio frequency Paul trap fabricated using standard printed circuit board techniques. The cold atom source was an isotope-selective magneto-optical trap of naturally-occurring Yb isotopes. The confining beams were provided by commercially-available ultra-violet diode lasers locked to an atomic reference using the Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock technique. We used photoionization from the Yb magneto-optical trap located within the region of the ion trapping potential.
by Jonathan A. Campbell.
Ph.D.

As the volume of vehicular trac has been increasing ever since its advent in the early 20th century, trac dynamics has become a popu- lar topic of study amongst physicists and mathematicians. This paper aims to explain di erent ways of modeling and simulating trac and trac dynamics. In general, modeling of trac can be divided into two types of models, microscopic and macroscopic. In this paper, pri- mary focus is on microscopic models. Examples are shown on how to implement simulations of so called car-following models as well as models based on cellular automata. Certain problems and scenarios regarding trac are studied as well. These include how to eciently distribute a roadblock, how to set the green/red time periods of a traf- c light in order to achieve a high trac ow or a low vehicle density, and how trac ow can be maximized with respect to density or other parameters. Results show that simulations using cellular automata models generally compute faster than simulations using car-following models. However, the results obtained from cellular automata models tend to be more dicult to interpret and apply to real-world sce- narios. A high level of stochasticity in the cellular automata models was also found to be necessary for the models to give applicable re- sults. Car-following models, on the other hand, were found to have the advantage of being more deterministic.

Educadora de Párvulos y Escolares Iniciales
La presente investigación, pretende indagar en la construcción de identidad profesional de hombres educadores de párvulos en Chile, esto mediante un estudio de tipo exploratorio que permitió el acercamiento a su realidad como docentes varones en el nivel preescolar. La indagación en las vivencias de cinco educadores, permitió generar información relevante sobre esta temática, la cual ha sido escasamente estudiada en el país. Es por ello, que sus relatos son un aporte significativo y contribuyente al área de la Educación de Párvulos chilena

This thesis aims to find an optimal route taken by workers reading gas-meters. The text consists of three parts: the collection of necessary data, the selection and subsequent modification of the heuristic method and the calculation itself. Two techniques of data collection are applied: purchase from a specialised company and calculation based on geographical coordinates. These techniques are compared in the end. The method of the nearest neighbour is used for calculation, after being modified for this particular case. The calculation itself is done by the program named Gas-meters, which was created for the purpose of this thesis. The route potentially used by the gas company workers is then the result of the thesis. Furthermore, the thesis presents specific corporate savings possibly brought by using the presented program.

This thesis is focused on optimizing the routes which are implemented in our country at night. Goods are transporting between designated central cities. It deals with creating cyclic routs, along which the goods should be effectively transported, with the respect of the cost. The instruction how to create these paths represents a heuristic method for generating cyclic paths. The algorithm uses the results provided by model that is based on a search for multiple product chart. The chart contains the minimum number of vehicles that provide transport and individual amount of transported goods. The principle of this heuristic method is to create cyclic paths in such a way to be able to serve all transportation requirements with the lowest number of reloads. This approach leads to the fact that the direct paths are preferred.

This diploma thesis describes a logistic problem of the company JACER-CZ Ltd. The main focus is on identifying optimal routes about the Euro pallets distribution. The Euro pallets are standardized at length replaceable transport pallets which are in Europe. The aim of this thesis is to find a solution which will meet requirements of all thirteen customers and simultaneously a total route length of all vans will be minimalized. At first there is the mathematical model about the delivery assignment with the split delivery vehicle calculated by solvers CPLEX and Gurobi. Then the original and the modified example is solved manually by heuristic algorithms. It is concerned the nearest neighbour algorithm, savings algorithm, the insertion algorithm and the heuristic method for the split delivery vehicle routing problem.

This thesis deals with optimization problems of the parcels distribution. This issue can be solved on the ground of traveling salesman problem whose mathematical and economic model, including their modifications, are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. We can solve these problems by using exact methods, heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms. In the theoretical part are described traveling salesman problem, traveling salesman problem with time windows, traveling salesman problem with multiple time windows and dynamic traveling salesman problem including possible ways of solution. In the practical part we can find application of problems on the real example, when we are finding the shortest possible route for the PPL's employee under different assumptions. The solution is obtained by using solver Gurobi within the modelling system MPL for Windows. In conclusion of the thesis the results are summarized and models are compared with each other.

Czech Republic has one of the densest and highest quality marked hiking trails in Europe, covering completely the whole country. But these trails are not planned with respect to the minority of the population with some kind of handicap. This is a group of families with small children who prefer hiking or biking, for families with strollers and disabled persons in wheelchairs. As the author of this thesis is a councilor of the village Jarov and also a councilor of this village in the Mikroregion Úslava organization he decided to plan a short circular hiking trails with respect to these neglected tourist groups in order to expand tourism in the area of Mikroregion Úslava. These routes may also partly overlap with marked hiking trails (due to their density) and are planned with practical experiences of the author. The results of the thesis will be incorporated into the information brochures of Mikroregion Úslava. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part describes the methods for solving the travelling salesman problem and provides general information on the concept of micro-regions - voluntary unions of the municipalities. The practical part describes Mikroregion Úslava, the points of interest database creation procedure and planning sightseeing routes for families with children on foot, by bicycle or in strollers. There is also planned a route for disabled persons in wheelchairs in Blovice, which the author of the thesis eventually eliminated from the reasons described.