Academic literature on the topic 'Transverse zone'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transverse zone"
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Kang, Byung Heon, Sang Rok Woo, Hyun Jin Park, Seong Yun Chung, Seok Kang, Seong-Ho Jeong, and Joon Shik Yoon. "Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Safe Zone for Carpal Tunnel Intervention: A Comparison Between Healthy Individuals and Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 46, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.22123.
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Objective To compare transverse and longitudinal safe zones using ultrasonography between healthy individuals and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Methods This was a prospective observational case-control study. Forty wrists from 20 healthy individuals and 40 wrists from 24 patients with CTS were examined. Patients with CTS were classified into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe CTS) based on electrodiagnostic findings. Using ultrasonography, we measured the distance between the median nerve and ulnar vessels to identify the transverse safe zone, and between the distal flexor retinaculum and superficial palmar artery arch to identify the longitudinal safe zone.Results The transverse and longitudinal safe zones were significantly different between participants with CTS and those without CTS. The transverse safe zone significantly differed between the mild and severe CTS groups, while the longitudinal safe zone was not significantly different between the groups. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve negatively correlated with the transverse and longitudinal safe zones.Conclusion Transverse and longitudinal safe zones were narrower in patients with CTS than in the healthy group. A significant difference was observed between patients with mild CTS and those with severe CTS. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the median nerve was directly proportional to the degree of narrowing of the transverse and longitudinal safe zones.
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Shin, Jaehyun, Sunmi Lee, and Inhwan Park. "Analysis of Storage Effects in the Recirculation Zone Based on the Junction Angle of Channel Confluence." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 11607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411607.
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In this study, numerical simulations using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code model were conducted to elucidate the effects of flow structures in the recirculation zone on solute storage based on the junction angle. Numerical simulations were performed at a junction angle of 30° to 90° with a momentum flux ratio of 1.62. The simulation results revealed that an increase in the junction angle caused the recirculation zone length and width to increase and strengthened the development of helical motion. The helical motion increased the vertical gradient of the mixing layer and the mixing metric of the dosage curves. The recirculation zone accumulated the solute as a storage zone, which formed a long tail in the concentration curves. The interaction between the helical motion and recirculation zone affected the transverse mixing, such that the transverse dispersion had a positive relationship with the helical motion intensity and a negative relationship with the recirculation zone size. Transverse mixing exhibited an inverse relationship with the mass exchange rate of the recirculation zone. These results indicate that the transverse dispersion is replaced by mixing due to strongly developed storage zones.
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Wang, Wei Feng, Chuan Hua Zhu, Yan Bin Qing, and Xin Jian Shan. "Research on Transverse Faults in the Longmenshan Fault Zone, China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1380.
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The Longmenshan fault zone has been a research hotspot, but fewer scholars have paid attention to its transverse faults. According to the analysis of regional tectonic, seismic activities, geomorphic features, remote sensing images, and deep geophysical data, combined with field studies, the existence, distribution and type of the transverse faults in the Longmenshan fault zone were demonstrated. Research shows that there are 9 transverse faults that lie parallel to each other approximately at ~50km intervals in the Longmenshan fault zone. And transverse faults can be divided into regional transverse faults and localized transverse faults with NW strike, nearly EW strike and nearly SN strike.
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Petty, Aaron M., and Michael M. Douglas. "Scale relationships and linkages between woody vegetation communities along a large tropical floodplain river, north Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990319.
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Abstract:Riparian vegetation varies according to hydrogeomorphic processes operating across different scales over two didmensions: transversely (across-stream) and longitudinally (parallel to stream). We tested the hypothesis that vegetation patterns reveal the scale and direction of underlying processes. We correlated patterns of dominant woody vegetation with environmental variables at 28 sites located within four geomorphologically distinct regions along the length of the South Alligator River catchment of Kakadu National Park, northern Australia. Across the catchment there existed a strong transverse boundary between upland savanna vegetation and two zones of riparian vegetation: Melaleuca-spp.-dominated closed-forest vegetation along stream channels and mixed open-woodland vegetation adjacent to closed forest. We surmise that there is hierarchic constraint on smaller-scale catchment processes due to fire incursion into the riparian zone and access to water during the dry season. Within the closed-forest zone, vegetation did not vary transversely, but did longitudinally. Riparian woodlands also varied longitudinally, but in the upper reaches varied independently of stream variables. By contrast, in the lower reaches woodland was strongly correlated with stream variables. The observed pattern of weak transverse linkages in headwaters but strong linkages in lower reaches is analogous to models developed for in-stream patterns and processes, particularly the river continuum and flood-pulse concepts.
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Sobolev, M. O., B. F. Tarasenko, L. F. Mechkalo, S. A. Voynash, and V. A. Sokolova. "Threshing and separating device." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 2 (2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-2-61-67.
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The article presents a brief analysis of the technology of harvesting grain crops and technical means, from which it follows that one-section threshing-separating decks structurally look as fol-lows. The “sockets” for their installation in the combine are fixed on the side cheeks, which, in turn, are rigidly connected to the transverse strips, installed between them at a uniform interval along the entire length of the deck, and the transverse strips with their inner side are located on a cylindrical surface with a certain drum wrap angle. At the same time, to increase the rigidity of the transverse strips and the entire deck as a whole, below the surface of the bar tier, the transverse strips are inter-connected by rectangular ribs curved along a concentric circle of a larger radius than the radius of the working surface of the separating grid. All decks are installed on the combine with respect to the outer diameter of the drum beaters, not along a concentric circle, but with an offset. Therefore, the principal disadvantages of single-drum single-section decks are the high levels of under-threshing, loss of free grain in the coarse heap through straw walkers, and especially crushing. In this connec-tion, there is a need for its improvement, as well as the need to modernize the threshing-separating device with an improvement in the operation of the air-sieve cleaning. On the basis of prospecting studies, a single-section threshing deck protected by the RF patent was proposed. The deck consists of at least three zones. In the first zone of threshing and separation the separating grid is made two-tier, with a variable distance between the tiers by means of a variant installation under the main tier of removable bars of the grid, located on the transverse slats with a step t larger on radii than those of the main tier, passing in the middle of the step bars of the main upper tier with intervals from 0.75 to 1.25t. In the second zone of separation and threshing the separating grid with a length of 5 to 12 intervals between the transverse strips is single-tier, but the step between the grid bars located on the continuation of the tier of the first zone on the transverse strips of the zone is at least 1.5t of the step. In the third zone of final threshing and separation with a length of no more than 6 intervals between the transverse slats, a single-tier grating is a continuation of the upper tier of the first zone with a bar pitch from 0.5 to 1.5t of the first zone pitch. This solution has practical significance and perspective for implementation by installing them on self-propelled grain harvesters.
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KRANIS, H., N. PALYVOS, G. LIVADITIS, and H. MAROUKIAN. "The Hyambolis zone: geomorhological and tectonic evidence of a transverse structure in Lokris (Central Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17020.
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Geomorphological and tectonic observations attest to the existence of a NE-SW fault zone transverse to the active zones in Lokris. The geometry of the 'Hyambolis fault zone' and preliminary results concerning its mode and timing of activity are presented and its role within the local and regional active tectonic grain is discussed. Moreover, this zone is placed in the context of a probable larger crustal discontinuity, the existence and significance of which are yet to be explored.
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Razmyshlyaev, A. D., P. A. Vydmysh, and M. V. Ageeva. "On the problem of modeling transverse magnetic field structure in welding pool zone." Paton Welding Journal 2018, no. 7 (July 28, 2018): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2018.07.03.
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Ismat, Zeshan, and Kevin Toeneboehn. "Deformation along a salient-transverse zone junction: An example from the Leamington transverse zone, Utah, Sevier fold-thrust belt (USA)." Journal of Structural Geology 75 (June 2015): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.010.
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Nourbakhsh, Ali, Jinping Yang, Sean Gallagher, Anil Nanda, Prasad Vannemreddy, and Kim J. Garges. "A safe approach to explore/identify the V2 segment of the vertebral artery during anterior approaches to cervical spine and/or arterial repairs: anatomical study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.spine08504.
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Object The purpose of this study was to find a landmark according to which the surgeon can dissect the cervical spine safely, with the lowest possibility of damaging the vertebral artery (VA) during anterior approaches to the cervical spine or the VA. Methods The “safe zone” for each level of the cervical spine was described as an area where the surgeon can start from the midline in that zone and dissect the soft tissue laterally to end up on the transverse process and cross the VA while still on the transverse process. In other words, safe zone signifies the narrowest width of the transverse process at each level. In such an approach, the VA is protected from the inadvertent deep penetration of the instruments by the transverse process. The surgical safe zone for each level was the common area among at least 95% of the safe zones for that level. For the purpose of defining the upper and lower borders of the safe zone for each level, the line passing from the upper vertebral border perpendicular to the midline (upper vertebral border line) was used as a reference. Cervical spines of 64 formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected. The soft tissue in front of the transverse process and intertransverse space was removed. Digital pictures of the specimens were taken before and after removal of the transverse processes, and the distance to the upper and lower border of the safe zone from the upper vertebral border line was measured on the digital pictures with Image J software. The VA diameter and distance from the midline at each level were also measured. To compare the means, the authors used t-test and ANOVA. Results The surgical safe zone lies between 1 mm above and 1 mm below the upper vertebral border at the fourth vertebra, 2 mm above and 1 mm below the upper vertebral border at the fifth vertebra, and 1 mm above and 2 mm below the upper vertebral border of the sixth vertebra. The VA was observed to be tortuous in 13% of the intertransverse spaces. There is a positive association between disc degeneration and tortuosity of the VA at each level (p < 0.001). The artery becomes closer to the midline (p < 0.001) and moves posteriorly during its ascent. Conclusions Dissection of the soft tissue off the bone along the surgical safe zone and removal of the transverse process afterward can be a practical and safe approach to avoid artery lacerations. The findings in the present study can be used in anterior approaches to the cervical spine, especially when the tortuosity of the artery mandates exposure of the VA prior to uncinate process resection, tumor excision, or VA repair.
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Gaydalenok, O. V., S. A. Sokolov, and N. A. Gordeev. "TECTONIC STRUCTURE OF KERCH-TAMAN FOLD ZONE OF AZOV-KUBAN TROUGH." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 2(50) (June 30, 2021): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2021-2-50-64-83.
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The nrotectonic structure of the Kerch-Taman folded zone, the southern deformed part of the Azov-Kuban piedmont trough, has a number of structural features and a history of deformation development. The authors divide the zone into five transverse segments, differing in the age of the main phase of folding. In the central Taman segment, folding is still going on, while in the framing segments, the main phases of folding took place in the Pliocene. In the peripheral segments, the main phase of folding is older - Early-Middle Miocene. The boundaries of the Kerch-Taman zone, as well as its youngest, the Taman segment, coincide with the transverse fault (fault-flexure) zones. It is shown that the southern frame of the Kerch-Taman folded zone is the continuation of the structures of the Crimean Mountains and the Northwestern Caucasus. The correlation of mud volcanism manifestations with tectonic elements of the Taman segment is noted to be ambiguous.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transverse zone"
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Brewer, Margaret Colette. "GEOMETRIC AND KINEMATIC EVOLUTION OF THE BESSEMER TRANSVERSE ZONE, ALABAMA ALLEGHANIAN THRUST BELT." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/365.
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Transverse zones are important syn-kinematic components of thrust belt development. Various scales of data were utilized to develop three-dimensional geometric and kinematic models for the Bessemer transverse zone (BTZ) of the Alabama Alleghanian thrust belt.
Regional analysis of the BTZ began with the examination of geologic maps (1:250,000, 1:48,000, and 1:24,000 scales), seismic reflection profiles, well data, and previous stratigraphic research. All Paleozoic-age stratigraphic contacts, major thrust faults and associated folds, and various unnamed minor structures were compiled to create two strike-perpendicular, and five-strike parallel, cross sections transecting the extent of the BTZ at a scale of 1:100,000. The balanced and viable cross sections were used to create palinspastic maps of the BTZ. The deformed cross sections and geologic maps, and the restored cross sections and palinspastic maps, model the post- and prekinematic geometry of the transverse zone, respectively.
Additional geological fieldwork in the northwestern part of the BTZ permitted the construction of geologic maps (1:24,000 scale) documenting cross-strike links (the fundamental unit of transverse zones) exposed at the present erosional surface (Concord and McCalla 7.5 quadrangles). Balanced and viable geologic cross sections (1:24,000 scale) were constructed from these data and placed parallel and perpendicular to strike of cross-strike links. The cross sections were restored and used to create 1:24,000-scale palinspastic maps of the cross-strike links in this part of the BTZ. The cross sections and maps model the three-dimensional geometry of the cross-strike links comprising the BTZ.
Sub-allochthon basement structures are present beneath the thrust transport vectors of cross-strike links in the BTZ, indicating genetic relationships between transverse zone structures and underlying basment structures. Basement-graben related changes in the stratigraphic thickness of the decollement-host horizon are interpreted as having localized and facilitated growth of the Bessemer mushwad, a ductile duplex in the allochthon. The muswad localized the structural position of two thrust sheets and several cross-strike links in the BTZ. Geologic map patterns of the transverse zone indicate a break-back deformation sequence for the BTZ, interpreted as a response to decollement propagation through an allochthon-spanning weak decollement-host horizon, which had large stratigraphic thickness variations in basement grabens.
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Molina-Contreras, J. R., C. Frausto-Reyes, C. I. Medel-Ruíz, and Ladrón de Guevara H. Pérez. "CdTe Raman Line Shape in Resonance: a Space Correlation Zone Study." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42800.
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We show that the line shape of resonant Raman spectra of CdTe can be reproduced using the spatial correlation model (SCM). Our results show that the resonant Raman spectrum for a surface with a RMS of 430 nm is characterized by the presence of two intense sharp peaks located at frequencies corresponding to LO and 2LOmodes. The resonant Raman spectrum for a surface with a RMS of 6 nm on the other hand, can be reproduced using the contribution of high frequency phonons related with the acoustic transverse harmonics. These results suggest that under resonance conditions, such acoustic transverse modes define the line shape for a small size correlation region diameter. This study provides a new application of SCM to estimate the size grain of a surface where this information is not available.
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Magee, Mitchell Drake. "CFRP as Shear and End-Zone Reinforcement for Concrete Bridge Girders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71673.
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Corrosion of reinforcing steel is a major cause of damage to bridges in the United States. A possible solution to the corrosion issue is carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) material. CFRP material has been implemented as flexural reinforcement in many cases, but not as transverse reinforcing. The CFRP material studied in this thesis was NEFMAC grid, which consists of vertical and horizontal CFRP tows that form an 8 in. by 10 in. grid. The use of NEFMAC grid as transverse reinforcing has not been previously investigated.
First, the development length of NEFMAC grid was determined. Next, an 18 ft long 19 in. deep beam, modeled after prestressed Bulb-T beams, was created with NEFMAC grid reinforcement. The beam was loaded with a single point load near the support to induce shear failure. Beams were fitted with instrumentation to capture shear cracking data. Shear capacity calculations following four methods were compared to test results. Lastly, a parametric study with strut-and-tie modeling was performed on Precast Bulb-T (PCBT) girders to determine the amount of CFRP grid needed for reinforcement in the anchorage zone.
This thesis concludes that NEFMAC grid is a viable shear design option and presents the initial recommendations for design methods. These methods provide a basis for the design of NEFMAC grid shear reinforcing that could be used as a starting point for future testing of full scale specimens. When designing with NEFMAC grid, the full manufacturer's guaranteed strength should be used as it is the average reduced by three standard deviations. AASHTO modified compression field theory provides the best prediction of shear capacity. For anchorage zone design, working stress limits for CFRP grids need to be increased to allow more of the strength to be implemented in design.Master of Science
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Liong, Rugerri Toni [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Proppe. "Application of the cohesive zone model to the analysis of rotors with a transverse crack / Rugerri Toni Liong ; Betreuer: C. Proppe." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/118449410X/34.
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Duguey, Emmanuel. "Relations entre deformation, contrainte et sedimentation dans une zone pyreneenne transverse : le couloir meridien turbon-roda de isabena. implications regionales et essais de modelisation analogique (pyrenees aragonaises et catalanes, espagne)." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066557.
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Realise en collaboration avec elf aquitaine, ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche modef (modele de deformation) portant sur l'analyse des zones transverses en domaine de deformation distensive ou compressive. La presente etude porte sur le secteur turbon-roda de isabena, dans les pyrenees aragonaises. Il s'agissait notamment d'etablir le role tectonique d'un faisceau de failles et de plis nnw-sse repute correspondre a la rampe laterale occidentale d'un chevauchement subequatorial (chevauchement de boixols), situe plus au sud. Cette etude s'appuie sur differents moyens analytiques: - une bibliographie thematique, - une etude de photos aeriennes aboutissant a une carte morphostructurale, - une analyse systematique de sites structuraux, avec traitement informatique de donnees, ainsi que des phenomenes tectono-sedimentaires permettant l'elaboration d'un calendrier precis de la deformation. Des modelisations analogiques ont complete ce travail permettant de restituer partiellement l'evolution de ce secteur au sein de l'edifice pyreneen. En ce qui concerne le calendrier tectonique, il montre: - une distension proche de e-w dans le cretace superieur, - une compression proche de nw-se probablement d'age maastrichtien, - l'existence d'une compression ne-sw synchrone de l'ilerdien inferieur, - la predominance d'une tectonique decrochante avec un axe compressif nw-se, et un axe distensif ne-sw, tous deux horizontaux a partir de l'ilerdien superieur. Une etude statistique microtectonique effectuee dans d'autres secteurs de l'unite sud-pyreneenne confirme, a une echelle plus vaste, cette dualite d'evenements compressifs nw-se et ne-sw. En ce qui concerne l'aspect rampe laterale deux elements semblent a considerer: - le role de l'heritage: le fait que cette bande s'inscrive a l'aplomb d'une ligne de forte variation d'epaisseur des depots cretaces, vraisemblablement due a des jeux de failles normales, suggerent une origine heritee. Ceci est conforte par l'analyse des modeles analogiques prenant en compte cet heritage, notamment en ce qui concerne la cogenese de structures n-s et e-w. - la complexite de cette zone. En effet, si jusqu'a l'ilerdien inferieur, le jeu dextre avere par le faisceau de failles nnw-sse est compatible avec le deplacement frontal de l'unite de boixols, a partir de l'ilerdien moyen le jeu senestre est contraire a l'avancee vers le sud de la serie decollee. Cet evenement tectonique voit apparaitre en grand nombre des failles normales e-w. En conclusion, cette etude avance deux hypotheses de travail concernant l'evolution geodynamique des pyrenees et de l'iberie en integrant d'une part la notion d'heritage et d'autre part le caractere pendulaire des episodes compressifs nw-se et ne-sw
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Rodrigues, Sergio Wilians de Oliveira. "Evolução estrutural brasiliana da Província Borborema na região de Campina Grande, (PB)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-18082008-144145/.
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O mapeamento sistemático da folha Campina Grande (1:100.000) apresenta grande importância no entendimento das relações estruturais e geocronológicas dos terrenos que constituem a Zona Transversal da Província Borborema (porção nordeste da Plataforma Sul Americana). Sendo que a área abrangida pelo mapeamento sistemático realizado apresentou-se como um excelente laboratório para aplicação de técnicas clássicas e modernas na área de geologia estrutural. Neste trabalho, buscou-se o desenvolvimento e adequação das técnicas de análise de orientação preferencial de forma (OPF) na caracterização principalmente de tramas minerais em rocha granítica. Também foram utilizadas técnicas e métodos referentes a análise de suscetibilidade magnética (ASM), tramas de eixo de quartzo e a utilização de mapeamento isotópico de Nd. O mapeamento sistemático, juntamente com a análise estrutural e cinemática caracterizou na área de estudo uma série de zonas de cisalhamento verticais de direção NW destrais e de direção NE sinistrais que formam um sistema conjugado situado no segmento oriental do Lineamento Patos (Província Borborema), a qual é aqui denominado \"Sistema de Cisalhamento Campina Grande\". As zonas de cisalhamento que compõem o \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" apresentam forte influência na colocação dos plútons graníticos da Zona Transversal. Os estudos de anisotropia de suscetibilidade magnética (ASM) e análise de orientação preferencial de forma em tramas minerais (OPF) ressaltam a influências destas zonas no alojamento dos corpos graníticos regionais, principalmente nos Plútons de Campina Grande e Serra Redonda. O estudo da trama de eixos-c de quartzo nos milonitos do \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" nas faixas quartzozas confinadas na foliação milonítica é consistente com diferentes critérios cinemáticos verificados em meso- e macroescala. As tramas podem ser descritas por guirlandas simples ou cruzadas relacionadas a ativações combinada dos sistemas de deslizamento basal e romboédrico sob temperatura baixa a moderada (300 a 600º C). As microestruturas são típicas de deformação dúctil do quartzo associado recristalização dinâmica, enquanto no K-feldspato predomina o microfraturamento. O sistema transcorrente conjugado é resultante de esforços compressivos de direção NNW-SSE, que também são responsáveis pelo cavalgamento do embasamento Paleoproterozóico sobre o plúton granítico Brasiliano da Serra Redonda. A progressão e localização da deformação mantiveram a cinemática regional consistente até os estágios tardios da deformação finita registrada em ultramilonitos. O \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" apresenta seu período principal de evolução situado no intervalo de 590 a 570 Ma que é associado a intenso magmatismo granítico. E representa o produto da interação dos segmentos crustais da Zona Transversal possivelmente associado a eventos transpressivos. Os segmentos crustais que compõem a Zona Transversal apresentam assinaturas isotópicas distintas de Sm-Nd (relacionada aqui como Grupo I e II). O primeiro padrão reconhecido (Grupo I) é caracterizado em gnaisses de origem supracrustal e ortognaisses graníticos pertencentes ao Terreno Alto Pajeú (TAP) que exibem assinatura isotópica com idades TDM 2,0 a 1.0 Ga e ?Nd(0) com valores no geral menores que - 20,0 e razões Sm147/Nd144 maiores que 0,12. O outro padrão isotópico (Grupo II) apresenta uma assinatura com idades TDM paleoproterozóicas a arqueanas (2,0 a 3,0 Ga), ?Nd(0) com valores entre -20,0 e -35,0 , razões Sm147/Nd144 concentrada no intervalo de 0,08 e 0,12 e é associado as rochas do Terreno Alto Moxotó (supracrustais e ortognaisses diversos). Os valores de ?Nd(950) no TAP apresentam uma variação entre -4,19 a +0,03, o que sugere uma considerável contribuição de materiais/fontes juvenis na formação das rochas deste terreno. Já no TAM os valores de ?Nd(2000) para o TAM variam de -11,28 a +1,73. Os valores positivos de ?Nd(2000) também sugerem a contribuição de materiais/fontes juvenis na formação das rochas deste terreno. Já os valores negativos sugerem retrabalhamento de fontes crustais arqueanas. As assinaturas isotópicas dos dois eventos acrescionais de crostas são observadas nas intrusões graníticas da Zona Transversal, o que indica as contribuições dos Terrenos Alto Moxotó e Alto Pajeú como fonte crustais para o magmatismo regional. Os granitos também apresentam forte relação com fontes associadas à fusão de crosta continental. As idades U/Pb delimitam três principais períodos de magmatismo (cristalização de rocha) nos períodos de 2100 Ma, 950 Ma e 560 Ma na Zona Transversal na área de estudo. Os dois primeiros períodos são associados aos eventos de acresção e geração de crosta no Paleoproterozóico e no Eoneoproterozóico. E o ultimo associado ao magmatismo brasiliano das intrusões graníticas. Estes eventos também são registrados pelos dados isotópicos Rb-Sr, que se alinham às retas de regressão de referência de 2100 Ma, 950 Ma e 560 Ma. Os dados Rb-Sr refletem a homogeneização isotópica nestes períodos, ou por eventos magmáticos ou por metamorfismo.The systematic mapping of Campina Grande sheet (1:100.000) is very important to understand the structural and geochronological relations between different terranes of the Transversal Zone, Borborema Province (NE Brazil). The mapped area is an excellent natural laboratory to apply classical and modern techniques of structural geology for the study of mechanisms of generation and evolution of ductile shear zones. This work aimed the evaluation, adaptation and validation of techniques for shape preferred orientation analysis to characterize granitic and metamorphic rock fabrics. Additionally, we used a multi-method approach, with the application of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis, quartz c-axis fabrics and Nd isotopic mapping integrated with conventional geologic studies. A network of transcurrent shear zones formed by NW-trending dextral and NE-trending sinistral zones was recognized by systematic mapping, structural and kinematic analysis. These shear zones form a conjugated system located in the oriental segment of the Patos Lineament (Borborema Province), here denominated as the Campina Grande Shear System. The Campina Grande Shear System strongly influenced the emplacement of granitic plutons in the Transversal Zone. This fact is emphasized by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis and shape preferred orientation fabrics, mainly for the Campina Grande and Serra Redonda plutons. C-axis fabrics in quartz-mylonites of Campina Grande Shear System show single and cross guirdle patterns consistent with kinematic criteria recorded in meso- and regional macroscale. They are related to the activation of mainly basal and rhomboedric slip systems in a low to moderate temperature (300 a 600º C). Microstructures in quartz indicate the deformation mechanisms include crystal plastic and recrystallization processes, but ductilebrittle strains in feldspar. The conjugate shear zone system agrees with a bulk NNW-SSE trending shortening direction. It was also responsible for the thrusting of the Paleoproterozoic basement to over younger rocks of the \"Alto PajeúTerrane\". The principal phase of the Campina Grande Shear System evolution occurred between 590 and 570 Ma, concomitant with intense granitic magmatism, and represents the product of the interaction of the Transversal Zone segments, possibly associated with transpressive events. The Transversal Zone crustal segments display two main distinct patterns of Sm-Nd isotopic signatures (groups I and II). The group I, characteristic of paragneisses and granitic orthogneisses from the Alto Pageú Terrane (APT), exhibits Nd model ages (TDM) between 1,0 and 2,0 Ma, ?Nd(0) values generally lower than -20,0, and Sm147/Nd144 ratio higher than 0,12. The group II, related to supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from the Alto Moxotó Terrane (AMT), shows Paleoproterozoic to Archean Nd model ages (2,0 a 3,0 Ga), ?Nd(0) values between -20,0 and -35,0, and Sm147/Nd144 ratio from 0,08 to 0,12. The ?Nd(950) values from the APT vary between -4,19 and +0,03, suggesting important contribution of juvenile material and sources in the rock formation in this terrane. The ?Nd(2000) values from the AMT vary from - 11,28 to +1,73, reflecting reworking of Archean crustal sources and contribution of juvenile material in the rock formation. The isotopic signatures of the two crustal accretionary events (ca. 2000 and 950 Ma) are observed in granitic plutons of the Transversal Zone, indicating that the Alto Moxotó and Alto Pageú terranes contributed as crustal sources for the regional magmatism. The granitic plutons also show strong relation with sources associated to melting of the continental crust. U-Pb age data delimit three principal magmatic events in the Transversal Zone in the study area (ca. 2100 Ma, 950 Ma and 560 Ma). The two former events are associated to crustal accretion and generation, and the last event related to Brasiliano granitic magmatism. Rb-Sr isotopic dates also registered these events, reflecting isotopic homogenization during magmatic and/or metamorphic events.
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Lightbody, Anne F. (Anne Fraser) 1977. "The physical role of transverse deep zones in improving constructed treatment wetland performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42052.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 254-274).
Velocity heterogeneity is often present in wetland systems and results in some influent water remaining in the wetland for less than the expected residence time. This phenomenon, known as short-circuiting, alters the distribution of the chemical and biological transformations that occur within the wetland and decreases performance in constructed treatment wetlands. In this thesis, field observations, experiments in a laboratory physical model, and mathematical modeling are used to explore the ability of transverse deep zones to mitigate the negative effect of short-circuiting on constructed wetland performance. Field observations were used to quantify short-circuiting in a 360-acre constructed treatment wetland in Augusta, Georgia. In each of the three marsh sections examined, between three and six narrow flowpaths were found that together carried 20-70% of the flow at a velocity at least ten times faster than the rest of the marsh. One known method for offsetting the deleterious effect of short-circuiting flowpaths is to include several transverse deep zones within each wetland cell. To study the physical mechanisms behind this proposed strategy, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was used within a laboratory scale model of a short-circuiting wetland with a transverse deep zone. Water exiting a fast flowpath formed a jet that initially entrained co-flowing fluid and spread laterally but then, due to the drag present within the system, reached a final width that depended on the width of the upstream flowpath. Finally, the understanding of flow patterns gained by the field and laboratory experiments were combined into an analytical streamtube model.
(cont.) Modeled results revealed that a transverse deep zone can offset the adverse impact of short-circuiting flowpaths through two separate mechanisms. When lateral mixing is present within the deep zone, it dilutes the water that has traveled through the fast flowpath. In addition, deep zones likely reduce the probability that fast flowpaths will align throughout the entire wetland, which increases the probability that all water will receive some treatment even when no lateral mixing is present within the deep zones. These results indicate that deep zones may improve performance when properly sized and located within a constructed treatment wetland.
by Anne F. Lightbody.
Ph.D.
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Marulanda, Carolina Ojeda. "Estudo de proveniência em sequências supracrustais neoproterozóicas da Zona Transversal, Província Borborema." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-03062015-092058/.
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A aplicação de métodos isotópicos para determinar padrões de proveniência de sequências metassedimentares siliciclásticas constitui abordagem atual em estudos de evolução crustal no Precambriano. Os métodos baseados em datação U/Pb e composição isotópica de Hf in situ têm sido combinados para reconhecer as idades e natureza de áreas -fonte (crosta reciclada ou manto), definir intervalos para sedimentação, estabelecer correlações estratigráficas entre sucessões terrígenas e, se combinadas a outras ferramentas, auxiliar na proposição de modelos geodinâmicos. Nesse sentido, estudamos rochas metassedimentares do Complexo Riacho Gravatá e Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água utilizando datação U/Pb de zircões detríticos e caracterização da assinatura isotópica de Hf. Os grãos detríticos do Complexo Riacho Gravatá caracterizam-se por formas prismáticas e, em grande parte, terminações bi-piramidais preservadas, associadas a razões C:L entre 3:1 e 1:1, sugerindo fontes proximais e pouca reciclagem mecânica durante transporte e deposição. Os setores analisados são todos ígneos, com zonação concêntrica e setorial, e razões Th/U entre 0,15 e 2,3. O mesmo é observado para os zircões da Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água, embora as terminações sejam sub-arredondadas indicando grau maior de retrabalhamento durante o ciclo sedimentar. Estruturas internas, razões Th/U e elongação são estritamente similares. A distribuição das idades em zircões do Complexo Riacho Gravatá define uma moda meso-neoproterozoica dominante com picos de frequência em c. 960, 1000, 1048 e 1059 Ma, coerente com as idades obtidas nos quartzitos e metaconglomerado da Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água. Nessa última, destaca-se um conjunto importante de idades paleoproterozoicas (c. 2,1 - 1,85 Ga) que, no Complexo Riacho Gravatá, representa menos que 5% dos grãos analisados. Em todas as amostras os zircões mais jovens têm idades entre 880 e 890 Ma, e os valores \'épsilon\'Hf(t) positivos (desde +11,8) a negativos (até -23,2) são correlacionados linear e negativamente com as idades modelo \'t IND.DM\'(Hf) entre 3,2 e 1,1 Ga. O padrão isotópico de Hf e idades U/Pb nos zircões detríticos é compatível com a assinatura estimada (\'épsilon\'Hf = 1.34*\'épsilon\'Nd + 2.82) para as rochas metavulcânicas / metaplutônicas Cariris Velhos, indicando-as como as fontes prováveis para os zircões stenianos - tonianos. As áreas-fonte paleoproterozoicas correlacionam-se com os vários segmentos crustais de igual idade reconhecidos em toda Província Borborema (Terreno Alto Pajeú, Terreno Alto Moxotó, São José de Caiano/Rio Grande do Norte e ainda no Cráton São Francisco). A assinatura isotópica (idades U/Pb e \'épsilon\'Hf) da Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água é similar àquela do Complexo Riacho Gravatá, destacando-se a população steniana - toniana como moda dominante. Esse padrão permite caracterizar a Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água como unidade correlacionada ao evento Cariris Velhos, em desacordo com a literatura regional que a posiciona no Grupo Cachoeirinha, de idade ediacarana (c. 630 Ma). As proporções entre as modas paleoproterozoicas e meso-neoproterozoicas do Complexo Riacho Gravatá e Sequência Serra do Olho D\'Água é o aspecto mais relevante na distinção entre estas unidades, refletindo ambientes tectônicos distintos (margem passiva, bacia sin-orogênica) ou particularidades do sistema de paleodrenagens. Qualquer que seja a interpretação, os novos dados devem ser considerados em futuras propostas de modelos geodinâmicos referentes ao evento Cariris Velhos.The application of isotopic methods to determine models for the provenance of siliciclastic meta-sedimentary sequences constitute recent studies on Precambrian crustal evolution. Methods based on in situ isotopic dating and composition of detrital zircon have been combined in order to constrain the ages and nature of the source (recycled crust or mantle), to define sedimentary intervals, establish stratigraphic correlations between terrigenic successions and, if combined with other tools, to aid in the proposition of geodynamic models. Hence, U/Pb dating of detritic zircons and the Hf isotopic signatures of the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Riacho Gravatá complex and the Serra do Olho D\'Água Sequence located in the Borborema Province (NE Brazil) have been studied. The detritic grains of the Riacho Gravatá complex have prismatic forms and, most often the bipyramidal structure is preserved, with the C:L. ratios between 3:1 and 1;1, suggesting sources close to one another and little mechanical recycling during the transportation and deposition. The sectors which have been analyzed are igneous, with concentric and sector zoned, with Th/U ratios between 0,15 and 2,3. The same thing is observed in the zircons of the Serra do Olho D\'Água Sequence, though their prisms have semi-rounded extremes indicating a higher degree of re-working during the sedimentary cycle. Their internal structures, Th/U ratios and elongation are very similar. The zircon age distribution of the Riacho Gravatá Complex defines a dominant Meso- Neoproterozoic mode with frequency peaks at c. 960, 1000, 1048 and 1059 Ma, coherent with the ages obtained in the quartzites and metaconglomerate of the Serra do Olho D\'Água. To the latter is associated a set of Paleoproterozoic ages (c.2,1-1,85 Ga) which, in the Riacho Gravatá Complex, represent less than 5% of the grains analyzed. ln all the samples the youngest zircons have ages between 880 and 890 Ma, and positive \'épsilon\'Hf(t) (from +11,8) to negative (up to -23,2) values giving a negative linear correlation with model ages of \'t IND.DM\'(Hf) between 3,2 and 1,1 Ga. The isotopic model of Hf and the U/Pb ages in detritic zircons is compatible with the estimated signature (\'épsilon\'Hf = 1.34*\'épsilon\'Nd + 2.82) for the metavolcanic/metaplutonic rocks of Cariris Velhos, indicating them as the possible sources of the Stenian-Tonian zircons. The Paleoproterozoic source correlates with the various crustal segments of similar age recognized in all the Borborema Province (Alto Pajeú Terrain, Alto Moxotó Terrain, São José de Caiano/Rio Grande do Norte and also São Francisco craton). The isotopic signature (U/Pb ages and \'épsilon\'Hf) of the Serra do Olho D\'Água Sequence is similar to that of the Riacho Gravatá Complex, distinguishing the Stenian-Tonian population as the dominant mode. This model enables us to characterize the Serra do Olho D\'Água Sequence as a unit linked to the Cariris Velhos event, in disagreement with the regional literature which situates the Cachoeirinha Group to Ediacaran age (c. 630 Ma). The proportions between the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic modes of the Riacho Gravatá Complex and Serra do Olho D\'Água sequence are the most relevant aspect in the distinction between the units, reflecting different tectonic settings (passive margin, syn-orogenic basins) or peculiarities of the paleodrainage system. Whatever the interpretation, these new data are to be considered in future proposals as regards to geodynamic models related to the Cariris Velhos event.
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Adamoli, Angelica Nickel. "PRÁTICA DA CAMINHADA NO LAZER NA POPULAÇÃO ADULTA DA ZONA URBANA DE PELOTAS, RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1818.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-30Estudos têm mostrado que a prática regular da caminhada pode trazer benefícios significativos para saúde, sendo amplamente recomendada como uma das atividades físicas (AF) mais acessíveis para que a população se torne fisicamente ativa. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a prática da caminhada no lazer e fatores associados na população adulta de Pelotas, RS. No ano de 2007 foi conduzido um estudo transversal, de base populacional, na cidade de Pelotas, RS. Através de um processo amostral em múltiplos estágios, 900 domicílios da zona urbana foram selecionados. Indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos residentes nestes domicílios foram considerados elegíveis para o estudo. O Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas (IPAQ), na sua versão longa, foi utilizado para a mensuração do nível de AF considerando apenas a caminhada realizada no período de lazer. Informações demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e de saúde foram coletadas por meio de instrumentos pré-testados e pré-codificados. Foi elaborado e testado, em estudo-piloto, um instrumento para a coleta de informações relacionadas aos motivos, recomendações, preferências e cuidados relacionados à prática da caminhada no lazer. Inicialmente será realizada uma análise descritiva para caracterizar a amostra e, posteriormente, análises bivariada para verificação de associações. Os resultados poderão contribuir na promoção de intervenções efetivas no estímulo à prática de AF, especificamente a caminhada.
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Sambuc, Roland. "Zones d'influence hospitalières : réflexions méthodologiques à propos d'une enquête transversale sur l'hospitalisation dans les Bouches-du-Rhône." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE012.
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Cette thèse constitue une réflexion méthodologique sur l'étude des zones d'influence hospitalières. La premiere partie rappelle les possibilités méthodologiques d'investigation des zones d'influence des hopitaux, d'une part à l'aide de méthodes d'analyse des données (analyse factorielle des correspondances et methode de percolation), puis par la formalisation de modèles d'interactions spatiales. L'application de modèles gravitaires plus sophistiqués, et l'estimation de leurs paramètres, permettent de construire des cartes d'attraction. La deuxieme partie présente quelques aspects de la theorie mathematique des sousensembles flous, dans le cadre d'applications medicales et economiques, particulierement dans le domaine de la modelisation de la decision et du comportement spatial du consommateur. Un modele de determination floue de l'orientation des choix, adapte au domaine de l'hospitalisation est propose. La troisieme partie presente l'enquete transversale sur l'hospitalisation dans les bouches-du-rhone servant de cadre a la reflexion, et rappelle les principes de la carte sanitaire. Les problemes methodologiques lies au mode d'echantillonage sont analyses et des estimateurs appropries sont proposes. Quelques exemples des resultats obtenus lors du depouillement de cette enquete et relevant de modeles proposes sont analysesThis thesis presents a methodological approach concerning the determination of the sphere of influence of hospitals. First part recalls different methods able to determine the sphere of attraction of hospitals: data analysis methods (correspondance factor analysis and "percolation" method of r. Tremolieres), and spatial interaction models. The usefulness of sophisticated gravitational models is demonstrated by the construction of attraction sphere plans, calculated point by point for each establishment. Second part presents some aspects of fuzzy subsets mathematical theory, in connection with applications in the field of medicine and economy: models of medical decision making and consumer's spatial behaviour. A fuzzy model of determination of consumer's spatial preferences, concerning the choice of a medical establishment is presented. Third part presents a cross sectional study concerning hospitalisation in the french department of "bouches-du-rhone" and recalls the principles of the french sanitary chart. Methodological problems, in connection with cross-sectional types of sampling are analyzed and appropriate estimators are proposed. Some results of the methods presented in part i and applied to this study are discussed
Books on the topic "Transverse zone"
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McCulloh, Thane Hubert. Mountain Meadows dacite: Oligocene intrusive complex that welds together the Los Angeles Basin, northwestern Peninsular Ranges, and central Transverse Ranges, California. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 2001.
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McCulloh, Thane Hubert. Mountain Meadows dacite: Oligocene intrusive complex that welds together the Los Angeles Basin, northwestern Peninsular Ranges, and central Transverse Ranges, California. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.
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Postanzo-Alvarez, Vincenzo Francesco. A paleomagnetic study of two transverses in the Kapuskasing structural zone Chapleau-Foleyet Region Northwestern Ontario. 1986.
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da Silva Coêlho Mendonça, Eliana. NÍVEL DE DESEMPENHO MOTOR E SUA RELAÇÃO COM APTIDÃO FÍSICA, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E ESTADO MATURACIONAL DE ADOLESCENTES. Edited by Ricardo Figueiredo Pinto. Conhecimento e ciência, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20872/niveldedesempenhomotor.
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Esta pesquisa foi caracterizada como descritiva quantitativa de corte transversal. Durante o processo de desenvolvimento motor ocorre uma série de mudanças físicas e mecânicas, onde os fatores do crescimento físico, da maturação, do desenvolvimento da aptidão física, da atividade física, da idade e da experiência estão inter-relacionados. Objetivo geral deste estudo foi estudar os diferentes efeitos da aptidão física, estado nutricional e estado maturacional sobre o desempenho motor de adolescentes de 13 a 16 anos no município de Itaituba/Pará. Metodologia desenvolvida foi com o n=amostral de102 alunos de ambos os gêneros com idade entre 13 a 16 anos da cidade de Itaituba/PA. Todos os responsáveis assinaram o TCLE e liberados pelo médico para os testes, os instrumentos utilizados foram MABC-2,caminhada/corrida de 6 e 9, protocolo de T.G Lohman, Banco de Wells, Arremesso de Medicinibol, Sargent Jump Test, Teste de Impulsão Horizontal, Balança Antropométrica e o PVC. A estatística utilizada foi descritiva e inferencial através do programa SPSS que avaliou a relação e ou associação dos resultados. Resultados para o Estado Nutricional, na avaliação geral da amostra, 78,4% foram classificadas dentro da normalidade. Quando comparada entre gêneros, os meninos apresentaram o índice de 85,4% e as meninas 72,2% dentro da normalidade. Para a variável Aptidão Física, apenas os valores dos testes de Arremesso de Medicinibol, Impulsão Horizontal e Flexibilidade, apresentaram índices acima da média. Quando comparados entre gêneros, os meninos não superaram as meninas no teste de abdominal, impulsão horizontal e percentual de gordura. Na análise do estado maturacional, realizado através do teste de Pico de Velocidade de Crescimento, as meninas alcançaram este estado por volta dos 12,9 anos de idade, enquanto os meninos aos 14,6 anos. Na análise do desempenho motor, apenas 38,9% das meninas encontram-se na zona verde, apresentando 40,7% com indicativo de TDC, nos meninos, 50% estão na zona verde e apenas 18,8% apresentam indicativo de TDC. Na associação do desempenho motor entre a idade, a aptidão física, o estado nutricional e o estado maturacional, os resultados apontam significância apenas para a associação entre o desempenho motor e um item da aptidão física, a flexibilidade. Concluímos que o processo de aquisição das habilidades motoras emerge em função das influências ambientais e socioeconômicas, claro, sem esquecer, principalmente, da interação entre o genótipo e fenótipo sobre o desempenho motor. Hoje em dia observamos um declínio enorme de oferecimento de oportunidades motoras para crianças e adolescentes, gerando menores estímulos e com isso, poucas experiências motoras.
Book chapters on the topic "Transverse zone"
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Schönborn, Gregor. "Kinematics of a transverse zone in the Southern Alps, Italy." In Thrust Tectonics, 299–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_27.
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Yassaghi, A. "The Role of Izeh Transverse Fault Zone in Zagros, Iran." In The Structural Geology Contribution to the Africa-Eurasia Geology: Basement and Reservoir Structure, Ore Mineralisation and Tectonic Modelling, 299–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01455-1_65.
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Liljestrand, H. M., and Y. D. Lee. "Importance of Sorption Kinetics in the Partitioning of Organic Pollutants from a Point Source onto Suspended Sediments in the Transverse Mixing Zone." In Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 383–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_27.
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Eliassen, Arnt. "Transverse Circulations in Frontal Zones." In Extratropical Cyclones, 155–65. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-944970-33-8_9.
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Cartwright, Joseph A. "Fundamental Crustal Lineaments and Transverse Structural Zones in Continental Rifts." In Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics, 209–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0833-3_15.
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Swift, S. A., H. Hoskins, and R. A. Stephen. "Seismic Stratigraphy in a Transverse Ridge, Atlantis II Fracture Zone." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 118 Scientific Results. Ocean Drilling Program, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.118.141.1991.
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"THE COLONIAL ZONE." In Transversal, 62–63. University of Arizona Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ft83qb.26.
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Tang, Xiaonan, Yutong Guan, and Yuxiang Hu. "Impact of Different Vegetation Zones on the Velocity and Discharge of Open-Channel Flow." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210204.
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Different types of vegetation widely exist in rivers and wetlands. The vegetation will affect the ecological environment and flow process, thus becoming increasingly significant in river engineering and aquatic environmental management. Previous research on vegetated flow is mainly to understand the flow structure of open channels with fully covered one-layer vegetation. However, vegetation often grows along a river bank and co-exists in different heights. The present paper presents experimental results about the flow characteristics of an open-channel with two sides covered by differently layered vegetation, focusing on the effect of vegetation on the velocity distribution and discharge. Two heights of dowels in 10 cm and 20 cm were used to simulate rigid vegetation and arranged in a linear form on both sides of a channel bed under emergent and fully submerged flow conditions. The velocity at different positions was obtained using ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry). Measured results demonstrate that there exists a shear layer between free-flow and vegetated zones, indicating that the flow transition occurs between fast-moving flow in the free zone and slowly obstructed flow in the vegetated zone and induces a high shear layer and transverse coherent vortices near the interface. Furthermore, compared with the emergent condition, the discharge through the free-flow region slightly decreases under full submerged conditions while the discharge in the vegetated region increases, indicating that the vegetation does not significantly change the discharge percentage in the free region. These findings on differently-layered vegetation would help riparian management practices to maintain healthy ecological and habitat zones.
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Knutson, Chad, C. J. Werth, A. J. Valocchi, and B. J. Travis. "Modeling biofilm morphology along a transverse mixing zone in porous media at the pore scale." In Computational Methods in Water Resources: Volume 1, 61–69. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5648(04)80037-6.
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Ali Mergheni, Mohamed, Mohamed Mahdi Belhajbrahim, Toufik Boushaki, and Jean-Charles Sautet. "A New Combustion Method in a Burner with Three Separate Jets." In Numerical and Experimental Studies on Combustion Engines and Vehicles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90571.
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Oxy-flames from burners with separated jets present attractive perspectives because the separation of reactants generates a better thermal efficiency and reduction of pollutant emissions. The principal idea is to confine the fuel jet by oxygen jets to favor the mixing in order to improve the flame stability. This chapter concerns the effect of equivalence ratio on characteristics of a non-premixed oxy-methane flame from a burner with separated jets. The burner of 25 kW power is composed with three aligned jets, one central methane jet surrounded by two oxygen jets. The numerical simulation is carried out using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) technique with k-ε as a turbulence closure model. The eddy dissipation model is applied to take into account the turbulence-reaction interactions. The study is performed with different global equivalence ratios (0.7, 0.8 and 1). The validation of the numerical tools is done by comparison with experimental data of the stoichiometric regime (Ф = 1). The two lean regimes of Ф = 0.7 and 0.8 are investigated only by calculations. The velocity fields with different equivalence ratio are presented. It yields to increase of longitudinal and transverse velocity, promotes the fluctuation in interaction zone between fuel and oxygen also a better mixing quality and a decrease of the size of the recirculation zone.
Conference papers on the topic "Transverse zone"
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Irrechukwu, Onyi N., and Marc E. Levenston. "Depth Dependent Diffusivity Profile in Bovine Articular Cartilage: Comparing Transverse and Axial Diffusivities." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176710.
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As articular cartilage is avascular, diffusion at a tissue length scale is the primary mode of solute and nutrient transport to its cells. The major extracellular matrix components are water (70–80%), chondrocytes, collagen (10–20%) and proteoglycans (5–10%) bearing sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) [1]. Electron microscopy studies have shown that articular cartilage can be regarded as having three separate structural zones — superficial, middle and deep. The proportions of the various matrix components vary from the surface to the deep zone in any given joint and the greatest variations in content occur in the GAG content [2]. In addition the collagen fiber alignment varies, with fibers oriented parallel to the articular surface in the superficial zone, randomly oriented in the middle zone and oriented perpendicular to the surface in the deep zone. To a large extent, it is the spatially inhomogeneous composition of articular cartilage and microstructural orientation of its extracellular matrix components that determines the tortuosity of the transport pathway [3]. We therefore hypothesized that the diffusivity profile of a solute through the cartilage depth is inversely related to the GAG content and that the ratio between the axial and lateral diffusivities within each cartilage zone is related to the degree of anisotropy within the zone.
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CHEN, T., C. SMITH, D. SCHOMMER, and A. NEJAD. "Multi-zone behavior of transverse liquid jet in high-speed flow." In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-453.
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Snezhkina, О. V., and О. V. Snezhkina. "Strength Assessment Modeling for Reinforced Concrete Beams in Transverse Forces Zone." In Proceedings of the International Symposium "Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research" dedicated to the 85th anniversary of H.I. Ibragimov (ISEES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isees-19.2019.99.
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Jacquart, G., A. Mascle, and E. Deville. "The Corbieres Transverse Zone of the Pyrenee-province thrust belt (South France)." In 56th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201410271.
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Mehillka, L., and B. Canaj. "The transverse tectonic faults and their role in tectonic evaluation of the Ionian Zone." In 58th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409104.
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Thomas, William A., G. Daniel Irvin, and James A. Drahovzal. "THE ANNISTON TRANSVERSE ZONE IN THE WELLINGTON 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, APPALACHIAN THRUST BELT, ALABAMA." In 66th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017se-291115.
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Sun, Feng-zhong, Yuan-bin Zhao, Ming Gao, You-liang Chen, and Yue-tao Shi. "Performance Deterioration Mechanism Analysis of Natural Draft Cooling Towers Under Crosswind Conditions." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55443.
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Based on the developed three-dimensional computation model of natural draft wet cooling towers, the effect of crosswind on circumferential distribution of air radial pressure gradient and velocity at tower air inlet was studied, and the effect of crosswind on total air inflow rate, transverse mass flow rate, vertical mass flow rate and water temperature drops of the three zones (i.e. spray zone, filling zone and rain zone) were also analyzed. Analysis of crosswind effect on air flow field in heat and mass transfer zone indicates that the induced longitudinal eddy causes reduction of effective ventilation area in filling zone. Results showed that crosswind destroys the uniform air inflow, reducing the total air inflow mass rate and the effective ventilation area of filling zone, resulting in cooling performance deterioration of natural draft wet cooling towers.
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Wang, Xiaochun. "A New Embedded-Zone Method on Computation of the Transverse Elastic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Composites." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71713.
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There are many methods on computation of transverse elastic properties of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites when using the finite element method, such as three-dimension model, two-dimension plane strain model, unit cell model, etc[1]. But unit cell models could be used only when the fibers are arrayed regularly. The computations of three- and two-dimension plane strain models are tremendous when many fine fibers are spread randomly in the matrix so that the properties of block of composite must be computed. The paper proposes a new embedded-zone method to compute the transverse elastic properties for a block of fiber-reinforced composites containing a great amount of fibers embedded in the matrix stochastically while using very little computational work compared with three- and two-dimension plane strain model. The transverse elastic modulus and shear modulus of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites are computed.
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Liu, W. X., R. W. Stephenson, and R. Luna. "Transverse-Earthquake-Induced Deformations of a Bridge Approach Embankment in the New Madrid Seismic Zone." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40864(196)53.
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Berger, Frederik M., Tobias Hummel, Pedro Romero Vega, Bruno Schuermans, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "A Novel Reheat Combustor Experiment for the Analysis of High-Frequency Flame Dynamics: Concept and Experimental Validation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77101.
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This paper presents a novel sequential combustor experiment for the study of reheat flame responses to high-frequency, transversal thermoacoustic oscillations. The reheat combustion chamber is of flat, quasi two-dimensional design to distinctly separate combustion areas dominated by auto-ignition and aerodynamic flame stabilization. This specific combustor setup furthermore promotes the occurrence of pressure pulsations at the first transverse resonance frequency, often referred to as screech. For investigation of combustion and acoustic properties, the reheat stage is equipped with pulsation probes at the face plate, and the entire combustion zone is optically accessible from all lateral sides to allow for (laser-) optical flame and flow diagnostics. In order to validate the qualification of the experimental setup for investigations of high-frequency flame dynamics, the reheat combustion regime and resulting transverse pressure dynamics are investigated. The desired flame shape with distinct auto-ignition and aerodynamic flame stabilization zones is achieved and can be sensibly controlled. Analyzing the frequency spectrum of the dynamic pressure measurements at the combustor face plate reveals the first transverse resonance at approximately 1600 Hz, which satisfies a key goal of the specific design. Overall, the setup qualifies for studying flame-acoustics interaction in reheat combustors and provides an experimental benchmark for modeling efforts and their validation. This will eventually contribute to design countermeasures to thermoacoustic pulsations for improved future generations of gas turbine combustors.
Reports on the topic "Transverse zone"
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.
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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Comparison of mechanical behavior between longitudinal lap-welded joints and transverse fillet welded joints of high strength steel. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.302.
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Mechanical behavior of twenty-eight longitudinal lap-welded joints made of high strength steels (HSS) under tension load was investigated by experimental study. Weaknesses due to traditional deformation measurements for fillet welded joints can be perfectly solved by digital image correlation techniques (DIC). The effect of parameters (e.g. weld size, weld length and mismatch ratio) on mechanical properties (e.g. ultimate strength, failure modes, weld ductility and fracture angle) of longitudinal fillet welds and transverse fillet welds, which was introduced in detail in previous work by the authors, were compared. Generally, because of the difference on the combination of shear force and tension force, the fracture angle of longitudinal welded specimens (around 50) were much more divergent from transverse welded specimens (around 20) even though both of them failed at welded zone (welded zone only refers to weld metal in this paper), resulting that the mean strength of longitudinal welded specimens were only 0.58 time of transverse welded specimens. Conversely, the mean deformation capacity of longitudinal welded specimens was almost 4.0 times of transverse welded specimens. Moreover, it was confirmed that the predicted loads of EC3 and AISC Specification were close and slightly conservative for all specimens.
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION AND RELAXATION EFFECT AT DOUBLE-SIDE WELDED RIB-TO-DECK JOINTS OF ORTHOTROPIC STEEL DECKS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.271.
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The welding residual stresses (WRS) will shorten the fatigue resistance of rib-to-deck (RTD) joints of orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) in bridge engineering. It is essential to obtain WRS and its distribution to accurately assess the fatigue damage of RTD joints in OSDs subjected to vehicle loads. Initial WRS will release under cyclic loading, resulting in the redistribution of WRS in steel bridges. To estimate the relaxation of initial transverse WRS, experimental investigations on WRS distribution in initial state and its relaxation law under cyclic loading were conducted of the double-side welded RTD joints using ultrasonic Non-destructive Testing. The results indicate that the initial transverse WRS at the heat affected zone of both inside and outside of decks vary from 0.50fy to 0.83fy, and transform within the range of 0.27fy~0.43fy at both inside and outside surfaces of U-ribs. WRS relaxation is prone to be activated under cyclic loading, especially at the first cycles. Afterwards, the WRS proceed with relaxation at a lower rate, remaining almost stable with more repetitions of loading.
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND RESEARCH ON WELDING RESIDUAL STRESS OF BOX - TYPE STEEL STRUCTURE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.324.
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The welding residual stress of the box-plate steel structure is studied in this paper. Q235B steel and Q345B steel are generally used in box plate assembly steel structures, so this paper focuses on the welding residual stress of these two sheets of steel. The welding of Q235B and Q345B steel plates was simulated by ABAQUS associated DFLUX heat source subroutine. The welding residual stress of the steel plates is tested by the ultrasonic testing method. The results show that the yield strength of steel has a significant effect on the welding residual stress. The longitudinal residual stress in the heataffected zone of the weld is mainly strength stress, while the transverse residual stress in the whole welding part is both tensile stress and compressive stress. The results of the steel plate residual stress test are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the reliability of ABAQUS simulated steel plate welding.
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VIBRO-ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE OF A STEEL BEAM OF GROOVE PROFILE: FIELD TEST AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.063.
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To meet the development needs of rail transit, steel beams are more widely used in bridges, which brings more significant vibration and noise problems. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a steel beam of groove profile are investigated through field test and numerical analysis. Firstly, under the hammering excitation, the vibration response of the slabs in a descending order are right web, left web and bottom slab. The vibration response is related to the distance from the response position to the excitation source and the stiffness of slabs. Then, a numerical model of the steel beam is established based on the hybrid FE-SEA method. The results of field test are consistent with the numerical simulation, which confirms the effectiveness of the hybrid FE-SEA method when analyzing the steel beam. Finally, by comparing the sound power level radiated from different slabs in three zones, it can be concluded that the sound power level is related to the distance from the test position to the excitation source. The overall sound power level will increase when canceling transverse connection system, and center excitation has a more significant effect than off-center excitation.