Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transposal elements

Academic literature on the topic 'Transposal elements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Transposal elements.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Ros, Francesca, and Reinhard Kunze. "Regulation of Activator/Dissociation Transposition by Replication and DNA Methylation." Genetics 157, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1723.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In maize the transposable elements Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transpose shortly after replication from one of the two resulting chromatids (“chromatid selectivity”). A model has been suggested that explains this phenomenon as a consequence of different affinity for Ac transposase binding to holo-, hemi-, and unmethylated transposon ends. Here we demonstrate that in petunia cells a holomethylated Ds is unable to excise from a nonreplicating vector and that replication restores excision. A Ds element hemi-methylated on one DNA strand transposes in the absence of replication, whereas hemi-methylation of the complementary strand causes a >6.3-fold inhibition of Ds excision. Consistently in the active hemi-methylated state, the Ds ends have a high binding affinity for the transposase, whereas binding to inactive ends is strongly reduced. These results provide strong evidence for the above-mentioned model. Moreover, in the absence of DNA methylation, replication enhances Ds transposition in petunia protoplasts >8-fold and promotes formation of a predominant excision footprint. Accordingly, replication also has a methylation-independent regulatory effect on transposition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sota, Masahiro, Masahiro Endo, Keiji Nitta, Haruhiko Kawasaki, and Masataka Tsuda. "Characterization of a Class II Defective Transposon Carrying Two Haloacetate Dehalogenase Genes from Delftia acidovorans Plasmid pUO1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (May 2002): 2307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2307-2315.2002.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The two haloacetate dehalogenase genes, dehH1 and dehH2, on the 65-kb plasmid pUO1 from Delftia acidovorans strain B were found to be located on transposable elements. The dehH2 gene was carried on an 8.9-kb class I composite transposon (TnHad1) that was flanked by two directly repeated copies of IS1071, IS1071L and IS1071R. The dehH1 gene was also flanked by IS1071L and a truncated version of IS1071 (IS1071N). TnHad1, dehH1, and IS1071N were located on a 15.6-kb class II transposon (TnHad2) whose terminal inverted repeats and res site showed high homology with those of the Tn21-related transposons. TnHad2 was defective in transposition because of its lacking the transposase and resolvase genes. TnHad2 could transpose when the Tn21-encoded transposase and resolvase were supplied in trans. These results demonstrated that Tn Had2 is a defective Tn21-related transposon carrying another class I catabolic transposon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Gorbunova, Vera, and Avraham A. Levy. "Circularized Ac/Ds Transposons: Formation, Structure and Fate." Genetics 145, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.4.1161.

Full text
Abstract:
The maize Ac/Ds transposable elements are thought to transpose via a cut-and-paste mechanism, but the intermediates formed during transposition are still unknown. In this work we present evidence that circular Ac molecules are formed in plants containing actively transposing elements. In these circles, transposon ends are joined head-to-head. The sequence at the ends' junction is variable, containing small deletions or insertions. Circles containing deleted Ac ends are probably unable to successfully reintegrate. To test the ability of circles with intact transposon ends to integrate into the genome, an artificial Ds circle was constructed by cloning the joined ends of Ac into a plasmid carrying a plant selectable marker. When such a circular Ds was introduced into tobacco protoplasts in the presence of Ac-transposase, no efficient transposase-mediated integration was observed. Although a circular transposition intermediate cannot be ruled out, the findings of circles with deleted transposon ends and the absence of transposase-mediated integration of the circular Ds suggest that some of the joined-ends-carrying elements are not transposition intermediates, but rather abortive excision products. The formation of Ac circles might account for the previously described phenomenon of Ac-loss. The origin of Ac circles and the implications for models of Ac transposition are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gay, N. J., V. L. Tybulewicz, and J. E. Walker. "Insertion of transposon Tn7 into the Escherichia coli glmS transcriptional terminator." Biochemical Journal 234, no. 1 (February 15, 1986): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2340111.

Full text
Abstract:
The transposon Tn7 is unusual as it transposes at high frequencies from episomal elements to a unique site in the Escherichia coli chromosome. This unique site is within a region of dyad symmetry that we have demonstrated to be the transcriptional terminator of the glmS gene which encodes the glutamine amidotransferase, glucosamine synthetase. Transposition of Tn7 abolishes termination of glmS transcription at this site; the transcripts now extend into the left end of Tn7 and terminate at a new site, tm, 127 base pairs from the left end of Tn7. This region of the transposon contains a long open reading frame which encodes a protein sequence that is significantly related to the transposase proteins of the transposable elements IS1 and Tn3. A weak transcript has been identified that emanates from a promoter on the 5′ side of this reading frame. This promoter is over-run by glmS transcripts and so it appears that expression of the Tn7 transposase may be regulated by promoter occlusion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kawakami, Koichi, and Tetsuo Noda. "Transposition of the Tol2 Element, an Ac-Like Element From the Japanese Medaka Fish Oryzias latipes, in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells." Genetics 166, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/166.2.895.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The Tol2 transposable element of the Japanese medaka fish belongs to the hAT family of transposons including hobo of Drosophila, Ac of maize, and Tam3 of snapdragon. To date, Tol2 is the only natural transposon in vertebrates that has ever been shown to encode a fully functional transposase. It has not been known, however, whether Tol2 can transpose in vertebrates other than fish. We report here transposition of Tol2 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We constructed a transposon donor plasmid containing a nonautonomous Tol2 element with the neomycin resistance gene and a helper plasmid capable of expressing the transposase and introduced the donor plasmid with various amounts of the helper plasmid by electroporation into mouse ES cells. The number of G418-resistant ES colonies increased as the amount of helper plasmid was increased, in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the transposase activity elevated the integration efficiency. These G418-resistant ES colonies were cloned and the structure of the junction of the integrated Tol2 element and the genomic DNA was analyzed by inverse PCR. In those clones, Tol2 was surrounded by mouse genomic sequences and an 8-bp direct repeat was created adjacent to both ends of Tol2, indicating that Tol2 was integrated in the genome through transposition. The Tol2 transposon system is thus active in mouse as well as in fish. We propose that it should be used as a genetic tool to develop novel gene transfer, transgenesis, and mutagenesis methods in mammals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Migheli, Quirico, Richard Laugé, Jean-Michel Davière, Catherine Gerlinger, Fiona Kaper, Thierry Langin, and Marie-Josée Daboussi. "Transposition of the Autonomous Fot1 Element in the Filamentous Fungus Fusarium oxysporum." Genetics 151, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.3.1005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Autonomous mobility of different copies of the Fot1 element was determined for several strains of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum to develop a transposon tagging system. Two Fot1 copies inserted into the third intron of the nitrate reductase structural gene (niaD) were separately introduced into two genetic backgrounds devoid of endogenous Fot1 elements. Mobility of these copies was observed through a phenotypic assay for excision based on the restoration of nitrate reductase activity. Inactivation of the Fot1 transposase open reading frame (frameshift, deletion, or disruption) prevented excision in strains free of Fot1 elements. Molecular analysis of the Nia+ revertant strains showed that the Fot1 element reintegrated frequently into new genomic sites after excision and that it can transpose from the introduced niaD gene into a different chromosome. Sequence analysis of several Fot1 excision sites revealed the socalled footprint left by this transposable element. Three reinserted Fot1 elements were cloned and the DNA sequences flanking the transposon were determined using inverse polymerase chain reaction. In all cases, the transposon was inserted into a TA dinucleotide and created the characteristic TA target site duplication. The availability of autonomous Fot1 copies will now permit the development of an efficient two-component transposon tagging system comprising a trans-activator element supplying transposase and a cis-responsive marked element.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hughes, K. T., and J. R. Roth. "Transitory cis complementation: a method for providing transposition functions to defective transposons." Genetics 119, no. 1 (May 1, 1988): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.1.9.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A genetic complementation system is described in which the complementing components are close together in a single linear DNA fragment; the complementation situation is temporary. This system is useful for providing transposition functions to transposition-defective transposons, since transposition functions act preferentially in cis. The basic procedure involves placing a transposition-defective transposon near the gene(s) for its transposition functions on a single DNA fragment. This fragment is introduced, here by general transduction, into a new host. The transposase acts in cis to permit the defective element to transpose from the introduced fragment into the recipient chromosome. The helper genes do not transpose and are lost by degradation and segregation. The method yields single insertion mutants that lack transposase and are not subject to further transposition or chromosome rearrangement. The general procedure is applicable to other sorts of transposable elements and could be modified for use in other genetic systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Urasaki, Akihiro, Yasuhiko Sekine, and Eiichi Ohtsubo. "Transposition of Cyanobacterium Insertion Element ISY100 in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 18 (September 15, 2002): 5104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.18.5104-5112.2002.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 has nine kinds of insertion sequence (IS) elements, of which ISY100 in 22 copies is the most abundant. A typical ISY100 member is 947 bp long and has imperfect terminal inverted repeat sequences. It has an open reading frame encoding a 282-amino-acid protein that appears to have partial homology with the transposase encoded by a bacterial IS, IS630, indicating that ISY100 belongs to the IS630 family. To determine whether ISY100 has transposition ability, we constructed a plasmid carrying the IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible transposase gene at one site and mini-ISY100 with the chloramphenicol resistance gene, substituted for the transposase gene of ISY100, at another site and introduced the plasmid into an Escherichia coli strain already harboring a target plasmid. Mini-ISY100 transposed to the target plasmid in the presence of IPTG at a very high frequency. Mini-ISY100 was inserted into the TA sequence and duplicated it upon transposition, as do IS630 family elements. Moreover, the mini-ISY100-carrying plasmid produced linear molecules of mini-ISY100 with the exact 3′ ends of ISY100 and 5′ ends lacking two nucleotides of the ISY100 sequence. No bacterial insertion elements have been shown to generate such molecules, whereas the eukaryotic Tc1/mariner family elements, Tc1 and Tc3, which transpose to the TA sequence, have. These findings suggest that ISY100 transposes to a new site through the formation of linear molecules, such as Tc1 and Tc3, by excision. Some Tc1/mariner family elements leave a footprint with an extra sequence at the site of excision. No footprints, however, were detected in the case of ISY100, suggesting that eukaryotes have a system that repairs a double strand break at the site of excision by an end-joining reaction, in which the gap is filled with a sequence of several base pairs, whereas prokaryotes do not have such a system. ISY100 transposes in E. coli, indicating that it transposes without any host factor other than the transposase encoded by itself. Therefore, it may be able to transpose in other biological systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Barret, P., M. Brinkman, and M. Beckert. "A sequence related to rice Pong transposable element displays transcriptional activation by in vitro culture and reveals somaclonal variations in maize." Genome 49, no. 11 (November 2006): 1399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-109.

Full text
Abstract:
Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are nonautonomous elements that are abundant in plant genomes. The rice MITE mPing was shown to be mobilized by anther culture, and the associated transposon Pong was shown to transpose actively in an Oryza sativa ‘indica’ rice cell-culture line. We have identified 3 sequences in maize named ZmTPAPong-like 1, 2, and 3 that displayed homology with the transposase of Pong. Here, we show that these sequences are differentially expressed during the in vitro androgenetic process in maize. We also demonstrate that the ZmTPAPong-like 1 and 3 sequences reveal somaclonal variations among plants regenerated from the calli of a doubled haploid line. These data suggest that the ZmTPAPong-like sequences could form part of a Zea mays element related to the rice Pong element. The possible activation of this newly discovered element under stress conditions is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Beckermann, Thomas M., Wentian Luo, Catherine M. Wilson, Ruth Ann Veach, and Matthew H. Wilson. "Cognate restriction of transposition by piggyBac-like proteins." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 8135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab578.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Mobile genetic elements have been harnessed for gene transfer for a wide variety of applications including generation of stable cell lines, recombinant protein production, creation of transgenic animals, and engineering cell and gene therapy products. The piggyBac transposon family includes transposase or transposase-like proteins from a variety of species including insect, bat and human. Recently, human piggyBac transposable element derived 5 (PGBD5) protein was reported to be able to transpose piggyBac transposons in human cells raising possible safety concerns for piggyBac-mediated gene transfer applications. We evaluated three piggyBac-like proteins across species including piggyBac (insect), piggyBat (bat) and PGBD5 (human) for their ability to mobilize piggyBac transposons in human cells. We observed a lack of cross-species transposition activity. piggyBac and piggyBat activity was restricted to their cognate transposons. PGBD5 was unable to mobilize piggyBac transposons based on excision, colony count and plasmid rescue analysis, and it was unable to bind piggyBac terminal repeats. Within the piggyBac family, we observed a lack of cross-species activity and found that PGBD5 was unable to bind, excise or integrate piggyBac transposons in human cells. Transposition activity appears restricted within species within the piggyBac family of mobile genetic elements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Jesus, Erika Maria de. "Estudo de dois grupos de elementos de cana-de-açúcar homológos à superfamília hAT de transposons." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-29082007-120131/.

Full text
Abstract:
Os elementos de transposicão (TEs) são sequências genéticas móveis. Sua capacidade mutagênica faz deles uma importante fonte de variabilidade nos genomas. Outro importante papel dos TEs na evolução dos genomas é o de doadores de domínios protéicos na formação de novos genes. 276 clones de cDNA homólogos a TEs foram previamente identificados no banco de dados do SUCEST (projeto de sequenciamento de etiquetas expressas de cana-de-acúcar). Neste trabalho nós realizamos o sequenciamento completo de 156 destes clones e a classificação e caracterização de suas sequências comparando-as com bancos de dados. Foram identificadas 9 diferentes famílias de transposons e 11 diferentes famílias de retrotransposons. As famílias mais representadas entre os transposons foram MuDr e hAT (que engloba os elementos do tipo Ac e Tam3), para os quais foram identificados 43 e 32 clones de cDNA, respectivamente. Entre os retrotransposons, a família mais representada foi Hopscotch, apresentando 25 clones de cDNA. Após esta análise global, o foco das investigações voltou-se para os cDNAs do tipo hAT. Uma análise comparativa destes cDNAs revelou que as sequências homólogas a hAT estão distribuídas em dois grupos. O grupo I, é composto por sequências com alta conservação no nível de nucleotídeos, está presente no genoma de todas as gramíneas analisadas (híbridos e parentais da cana-de-acúcar, milho e arroz) com um baixo número de cópias, teve a sua expressão detectada em folhas, raízes e mais intensamente em calos cana. Além disso, apresenta alta similaridade de sequências com transposases domesticadas descritas na literatura. O grupo II, por sua vez, é composto por sequências mais heterogêneas, que apresentam similaridade com os transposons originais que constituem a superfamília hAT: hobo (de Drosophila melanogaster), Ac (de Zea mays) e Tam3 (de Antirrhinum majus). Sua distribuição é restrita ao genoma de Saccharum, com um número de cópias maior que o grupo I. Um ensaio de PCR-Inversa identificou terminações inversas repetidas (TIRs) para o cDNA TE221 do grupo II. A partir de iniciadores desenhados sobre estas TIRs foi possível recuperar dois elementos, de 3,5kb e 4,2kb, respectivamente, e um MITE de 250 pb, todos homólogos a hAT. Este resultado demonstrou que a estratégia utilizada para recuperar elementos do genoma da cana-de-açúcar a partir do cDNA TE221 mostrou-se eficiente. Homólogos aos grupos I e II de cana-de-acúcar foram identificados em bancos de dados de milho, arroz e arabidopsis. Estes dados sugerem que a separação dos dois grupos ocorreu antes da divergência entre as classes Monocotiledonea e Eudicotiledonea. Com base nos resultados aqui apresentados sugerimos que um transposon ancestral do tipo hAT, presente nas angiospermas anteriormente à separação de Monocotiledonea e Eudicotiledonea, teve sua transposase capturada na formação de um gene com função celular. A partir do evento da domesticação, estas transposases seguiram dois caminhos evolutivos distintos, um como gene funcional e outro como um transposon tradicional. Estas duas formas de transposase do tipo hAT podem ser encontradas no genoma da cana-de-acúcar, representadas pelos elementos dos grupos I e II, respectivamente.
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences. Their mutagenic capacity makes them important sources of variation in the genomes. These elements have another important evolutionary role as donors of functional protein domains in the formation of new genes. 276 cDNA clones homologous to TEs were previously identified in the Brazilian Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag Project (SUCEST) databases. In this work, we have obtained the full sequences of 156 for these clones. These sequences were compared with Genbank database. We have identified 9 families of transposons and 11 families of retrotransposons. The most representative families found amongst the transposons were MuDr and hAT (wich encompass Ac and Tam3), with 43 and 32 cDNAs, respectively. Amongst the retrotransposons, the most representative family was Hopscotch, with 25 cDNAs. After this global analysis, we have focused our investigation in the hAT-like cDNAs. A comparative analysis of these cDNAs has revealed a profile of two distinct groups. Group I is composed of sequences with high conservation at nucleotide level, it is present in the genome of all grasses analysed (hybrids and parentals of sugarcane, maize and rice) with low copy number, it is expressed in leaves and roots of sugarcane, and more intensely in callus. In addition, group I sequences have clustered with domesticated transposases. The group II is composed of more heterogeneous sequences similar with the original elements that constitute the hAT superfamily: hobo (from Drosophilla melanogaster), Ac (from Zea mays) and Tam3 (from Antirrhinum majus). This group was shown to be restricted to the genome of Saccharum, with higher copy number than group one. Inverse-PCR assays has identified terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) to the cDNA TE221 from group II. Primers based on the sequences of the TIRs allowed us to recover three elements hAT-like from sugarcane’s genomic DNA: one of 3,5kb and another of 4,2kb, and a MITE of 250 bp. These results corroborate the strategy applied in order to recover elements from the sugarcane´s genome. Sequences homologous to both sugarcane group I and group II were found also in maize and rice, as well as in arabidopsis databases. These data suggest that the divergence of the two groups occured before the separation between the classes Monocotiledonea and Eudicotiledonea. Based on our results, we suggest the existence of an ancestral transposon hAT-like, present in angiosperms before the separation between Monocotiledonea and Eudicotiledonea, of which the transposase was captured to compose a new gene with some cellular function. Since the domestication event, these transposases followed distinct evolutive pathways, one as a regular gene and another as a bona fide transposon. These two forms of hAT-like transposases could be found in the sugarcane’s genome, represented by the elements from groups I and II, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Meister, Gerald Alan. "Dispersal of transposable elements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ46389.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Teramoto, Shota. "Amplification of the MITE mPing with the embryogenesis-specific expression of the transposon Ping in rice." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189683.

Full text
Abstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第18526号
農博第2083号
新制||農||1026(附属図書館)
学位論文||H26||N4870(農学部図書室)
31412
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 奥本 裕, 教授 米森 敬三, 教授 冨永 達
学位規則第4条第1項該当
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Spengler, Ryan Michael. "Mechanisms Of MicroRNA evolution, regulation and function: computational insight, biological evaluation and practical application." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2636.

Full text
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant and diverse class of small, non-protein coding RNAs that guide the post-transcriptional repression of messenger RNA (mRNA) targets in a sequence-specific manner. Hundreds, if not thousands of distinct miRNA sequences have been described, each of which has the potential to regulate a large number of mRNAs. Over the last decade, miRNAs have been ascribed roles in nearly all biological processes in which they have been tested. More recently, interest has grown in understanding how individual miRNAs evolved, and how they are regulated. In this work, we demonstrate that Transposable Elements are a source for novel miRNA genes and miRNA target sites. We find that primate-specific miRNA binding sites were gained through the transposition of Alu elements. We also find that remnants of Mammalian Interspersed Repeat transposition, which occurred early in mammalian evolution, provide highly conserved functional miRNA binding sites in the human genome. We also provide data to support that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can provide a novel miRNA binding substrate which, rather than inhibiting the miRNA target, inhibits the miRNA. As such, lncRNAs are proposed to function as endogenous miRNA "sponges," competing for miRNA binding and reducing miRNA-mediated repression of protein-coding mRNA targets. We also explored how dynamic changes to miRNA binding sites can occur by A-to-I editing of the 3 `UTRs of mRNA targets. These works, together with knowledge gained from the regulatory activity of endogenous and exogenously added miRNAs, provided a platform for algorithm development that can be used in the rational design of artificial RNAi triggers with improved target specificity. The cumulative results from our studies identify and in some cases clarify important mechanisms for the emergence of miRNAs and miRNA binding sites on large (over eons) and small (developmental) time scales, and help in translating these gene silencing processes into practical application.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Braga, Raíssa Mesquita. "Identificação e caracterização de elementos transponíveis da classe II em Colletotrichum graminicola." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5350.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1477917 bytes, checksum: 4ab8f5cc2dd481acd067b02bd7abf32d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-31
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Colletotrichum is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world. The pathogenic species of this genus have hemibiotrophic lifestyle and cause diseases in several economically significant crops. Besides the economic importance, Colletotrichum has great significance as a model system for studying the molecular and cellular bases of fungal pathogenicity. The species C. graminicola, causal agent of corn anthracnose (Zea mays), has rare sexual stage and was the first species of the genus to have its genome completely sequenced. The transposable elements are ubiquitous and constitute a source of new mutations, being an important source of genetic variability. These elements are divided into two classes according to the presence or absence of an RNA intermediate in transposition. Elements of class I transpose via RNA intermediate, while class II elements transpose directly as DNA. The transposable elements can be applied as mutagenic agents aimed at the identification and labeling of genes and in phylogenetic and population studies. Given the importance of transposable elements in the generation of genetic variability and its applications in research, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the class II transposable elements in the genome of C. graminicola. For this purpose, we used a bioinformatic approach combined with experimental activities. We identified 132 complete sequences of transposable elements in the sequenced genome of C. graminicola, which represent a significant proportion of the genome (0.47%). The elements were classified into six families according to similarity, all elements have characteristics of Tc1-mariner superfamily. Although some of these elements possess putative transposases with conserved DDE domain, all are interrupted by multiple stop codons. None of the elements identified has all the necessary features to be considered an active element. In silico analysis revealed evidence that these sequences are mutated by RIP (repeat point induced mutation) mechanism. TCg1 element was amplified by PCR from a Brazilian isolate and has imperfect terminal inverted repeats and the putative transposase sequence has three conserved domains characteristic of transposases: DDE, CENPB and HTH. However, this sequence is interrupted by stop codons and lacks the initiation codon and termination codon, therefore, is probably inactive. The genomic DNA from 49 different isolates were analyzed by hybridization with a probe derived from the inner region of TCg1 and different profiles were identified. The strategy allowed the efficient identification of a variety of Tc1-Mariner transposable elements degenerated by mutations characteristics of RIP in C. graminicola. It is unlikely that any of the identified elements is autonomous, however, these elements must have an important role in the genetic variability of this fungus. The TCg1 element is present in the genomes of different isolates of C. graminicola and has the potential to be used as a molecular marker in population analyzes.
Colletotrichum é um dos gêneros mais importantes de fungos fitopatogênicos em todo o mundo. As espécies fitopatogênicas desse gênero apresentam ciclo de vida hemibiotrófico e causam doenças em diversas culturas economicamente importantes. Além da importância econômica, Colletotrichum possui grande relevância como um sistema modelo para o estudo das bases celulares e moleculares da patogenicidade fúngica. A espécie Colletotrichum graminicola, agente causal da antracnose do milho (Zea mays), possui ciclo sexual raro e foi a primeira espécie do gênero a ter o seu genoma completamente sequenciado. Os elementos transponíveis são ubíquos e constituem uma fonte de novas mutações, sendo, portanto, uma importante fonte de variabilidade genética. Esses elementos são divididos em duas classes de acordo com a presença ou ausência de um intermediário de RNA na transposição. Os elementos da classe I se transpõem via intermediário de RNA, enquanto os elementos da classe II se transpõem diretamente como DNA. Os elementos transponíveis podem ser utilizados como agentes mutagênicos visando à identificação e etiquetagem de genes e em estudos filogenéticos e populacionais. Tendo em vista a importância dos elementos transponíveis na geração de variabilidade genética e as suas aplicações na pesquisa, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar elementos transponíveis da classe II no genoma de C. graminicola. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma abordagem de bioinformática (análises in silico) aliada às atividades experimentais. Foram identificadas 133 sequências completas de elementos transponíveis no genoma sequenciado de C. graminicola, que representam uma proporção relevante do genoma (0,47%). Os elementos foram classificados em 6 famílias de acordo com a identidade e apresentam características da superfamília Tc1-Mariner. Apesar de algumas transposases putativas codificadas por esses elementos possuírem domínio DDE conservado, todas estão interrompidas por vários códons de parada. Nenhum elemento identificado possui todas as características necessárias para um elemento autônomo. A análise in silico revelou evidências de mutações geradas pelo mecanismo de RIP (Mutação de ponto induzida por repetição). O elemento TCg1, amplificado por PCR a partir de um isolado brasileiro de C. graminicola, possui extremidades repetidas invertidas imperfeitas e a sequência putativa da transposase apresenta os três domínios característicos conservados: DDE, HTH e CENPB. Entretanto, essa sequência está interrompida por códons de parada e não foram localizados os códons de iniciação e de terminação, sendo, portanto, provavelmente inativa. O DNA genômico de 49 diferentes isolados foi analisado por hibridização com uma sequência derivada da região interna de TCg1 e apresentaram diferentes perfis. A estratégia utilizada permitiu uma identificação eficiente de uma variedade de elementos transponíveis Tc1-Mariner degenerados por mutações características de RIP em C. graminicola. É improvável que algum dos elementos identificados seja autônomo, entretanto, esses elementos devem possuir um importante papel na variabilidade genética desse fungo. O elemento TCg1 está presente no genoma de diferentes isolados de C. graminicola e possui potencial para ser utilizado como marcador molecular em análises populacionais.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Linheiro, Raquel. "Computational analysis of transposable element target site preferences in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-analysis-of-transposable-element-target-site-preferences-in-drosophila-melanogaster(33ac0a41-2fbd-4974-b6b6-db4e1e48a7b0).html.

Full text
Abstract:
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that are a source of mutations and can target specific sites in host genome. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of TE target site preferences is a fundamental challenge in functional and evolutionary genomics. Here we used accurately mapped TE insertions in the Drosophila melanogaster genome, from large-scale gene disruption and resequencing projects, to better understand TE insertion site mechanisms. First we test predictions of the palindromic target site model for DNA transposon insertion using artificially generated P-element insertions. We provide evidence that the P-element targets a 14 bp palindromic motif that can be identified at the primary sequence level that differs significantly from random base composition in the D. melanogaster genome. This sequence also predicts local spacing, hotspots and strand orientation of P-element insertions. Next, we combine artificial P-element insertions with data from genome- wide studies on sequence properties of promoter regions, in an attempt to decode the genomic factors associated with P-element promoter targeting. Our results indicate that the P-element insertions are affected by nucleosome positioning and the presence of chromatin marks made by the Polycomb and trithorax protein groups. We provide the first genome-wide study which shows that core promoter architecture and chromatin structure impact P-element target preferences shedding light on the nuclear processes that influence its pattern of TE insertions across the D. melanogaster genome. In an effort to understand the natural insertion preferences of a wide range of TEs, we then used genome resequencing data to identify insertions sites not present in the reference strain. We found that both Illumina and 454 sequencing platforms showed consistent results in terms of target site duplication (TSD) and target site motif (TSM) discovery. We found that TSMs typically extend the TSD and are palindromic for both DNA and LTR elements with a variable center that depends on the length of the TSD. Additionally, we found that TEs from the same subclass present similar TSDs and TSMs. Finally, by correlating results on P-element insertion sites from natural strains with gene disruption experiments, we show that there is an overlap in target site preferences between artificial and natural insertion events and that P-element targeting of promoter regions of genes is a natural characteristic of this element that is influenced by the same features has the artificially generated insertions. Together, the results presented in this thesis provide important new findings about the target preferences of TEs in one of the best-studied and most important model organisms, and provide a platform for understanding target site preferences of TEs in other species using genomic data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wang, Weimin. "Transposable elements for insect transformation, the Mariner element and the I-PpoI intron-encoded endonuclease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ55290.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zampicinini, GianPaolo. "Insertional polymorphism of four transposable elements in European populations of chironomus riparius (Diptera Chironomidae) as detected by transposon insertion Display." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10014.

Full text
Abstract:
Le moustique Chironomus riparius est présent dans toute la région Paléarctique, et il est bien caracterisé au niveau morphologique et cytogénétique. Les connaissances sur la variabilité génétique de cette éspèce sont cependant très reduites. Ici nous décrivons le polymorphisme, chez six populations naturelles, des sites d'insertion de quatre éléments transposables (CTRT, MEC, NLRCth1, TFB1) au moyen d'une technique TID (Transposon Insertion Display) derivée de la technique S-SAP (Sequence -Specific Amplification Polymorphism) et aussi de l'AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). La seule étude sur le polymorphisme alloenzymatique faite sur cette espèce a decelé une differenciation très rèduite entre des populations de Russie. Nos resultats indiquent que tous les amplicons identifiés sont polymorphes. Le degré de différenciation entre individus au sein de chaque population est d'un ordre de grandeur plus élevé que la différenciation parmi les populations. Néanmoins, la valeur de st est significative (P< 0. 001): cela suggère que les populations sont génétiquement plus differenciées entre-elles qu'un échantillon aléatoire d'individus
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Rius, Camps Nuria. "Analysis of Drosophila buzzatii transposable elements." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378034.

Full text
Abstract:
Los elementos transponibles son unidades genéticas capaces de insertarse en otras regiones de los genomas en los que habitan y están presentes en casi todas las especies eucariotas estudiadas. El interés del análisis de los elementos transponibles no se debe únicamente a su consideración de parásitos intragenómicos. Los elementos transponibles suponen una enorme fuente de variabilidad para los genomas de sus hospedadores, y son por lo tanto claves para comprender su evolución. En este trabajo hemos abordado el análisis de los elementos transponibles de Drosophila buzzatii desde dos enfoques distintos, el estudio detallado de una única familia de elementos transponibles y el análisis global de todos los elementos presentes en el genoma. El estudio de inversiones cromosómicas en D. buzzatii llevó a la descripción del elemento transponible no autónomo, BuT5, que posteriormente se descubrió como elemento causante de inversiones polimórficas en D. mojavensis y D. uniseta. En este trabajo hemos caracterizado el elemento transponible BuT5 y hemos descrito su elemento maestro. BuT5 se encuentra en 38 especies del grupo de especies de D. repleta. El elemento autónomo que moviliza a BuT5 es un elemento P, del que hemos descrito 3 copias parciales en el genoma secuenciado de D. mojavensis y una copia completa en D. buzzatii. La copia completa y putativamente activa tiene 3386 pares de bases y codifica una transposasa de 822 residuos en siete exones. Por otra parte hemos anotado, clasificado y comparado los elementos transponibles presentes en los genomas de dos cepas de D. buzzatii secuenciadas recientemente con tecnología de nueva generación, y en el de D. mojavensis, la especie filogenéticamente más cercana secuenciada, en este caso mediante tecnología Sanger. Los elementos transponibles representan el 8.43%, el 4.15% y el 15.35% de los ensamblajes de los genomas de D. buzzatii st-1, j-19 y D. mojavensis respectivamente. Adicionalmente hemos detectado un sesgo en el contenido de elementos transponibles de los genomas secuenciados mediante tecnología de nueva generación, comparado con el contenido en los genomas secuenciados con tecnología Sanger. Hemos desarrollado un método basado en la cobertura que nos ha permitido corregir este sesgo en el genoma de D. buzzatii st-1 y contar con estimas mas realistas del contenido en elementos transponibles. Así hemos determinado que el contenido en elementos transponibles en D. buzzatii st-1 es de entre el 10.85% y el 11.16% del genoma. Adicionalmente las estimas nos han permitido inferir que el orden de los Helitrones ha experimentado múltiples ciclos de actividad y que las superfamilias Gypsy y BelPao han sido recientemente activas en D. buzzatii.
Transposable genetic elements are genetic units able to insert themselves in other regions of the genomes they inhabit, and are present in almost all eukaryotes analyzed. The interest of transposable element analysis, it is not only because its consideration as intragenomic parasites. Transposable elements are an enormous source of variability for the genomes of their hosts, and are therefore key to understanding its evolution. In this work we addressed the analysis of Drosophila buzzatii transposable elements from two different approaches, the detailed study of one family of transposable elements and global analysis of all elements present in the genome. The study of chromosomal inversions in D. buzzatii led to the description of the non-autonomous transposable element, BuT5, which was later found to cause polymorphic chromosomal inversions in D. mojavensis and D. uniseta. In this work we have characterized the transposable element BuT5 and we have described its master element. BuT5 is found in 38 species of the group of species D. repleta. The autonomous element that mobilizes BuT5 is a P element, we described three partial copies in the sequenced genome of D. mojavensis and a complete copy in D. buzzatii. The full-length and putatively active copy has 3386 base pairs and encodes a transposase of 822 residues in seven exons. Moreover we have annotated, classified and compared the transposable elements present in the genomes of two strains of D. buzzatii, st-1 and j-19, recently sequenced with next-generation sequencing technology, and in the D. mojavensis, the phylogenetically closest species sequenced, in this case with Sanger technology. Transposable elements make up for 8.43%, the 4.15% and 15.35% of the assemblies of the genomes of D. buzzatii st-1, j-19 and D. mojavensis respectively. Additionally, we have detected a bias in the transposable elements content of genomes sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology, compared with the content in genomes sequenced with Sanger technology. We have developed a method based on the coverage that allowed us to correct this bias in the genome of D. buzzatii st-1 and have more realistic estimates of the content in transposable elements. Using this method we have determined that the transposable element content in D. buzzatii st-1 is between 10.85% and 11.16%. Additionally, the estimates allowed us to infer that the Helitrons order has undergone multiple cycles of activity and that the superfamily Gypsy and BelPao have recently been active in D. buzzatii.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Alvarez, Monica A. "Mosquito Transposable Elements and piwi Genes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33162.

Full text
Abstract:
Vector control is an essential and effective approach for controlling transmission of vector-borne diseases. However, increasing resistance to insecticide and drugs suggests that new strategies to control vector-borne diseases are needed. One possible strategy involves replacing mosquito populations with disease-resistant transgenic mosquitoes. Transposable elements (TEs) are an important component in this new strategy due to their ability to integrate exogenous DNA into chromosomes. They could potentially be useful tools in assisting the spread of disease-resistant genes in mosquito populations.

This research focuses on two related subjects, TEs and their regulation. The first subject is on a Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposon in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, namely Belly. The second subject focuses on the characterization of piwi genes in the dengue and yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

For the first subject we characterized Belly by identifying the two identical LTRs and one intact open reading frame. We also defined the target site duplications and boundaries of the full-length Belly element. This novel retrotransposon has nine full-length copies in the An. gambiae sequenced genome and their nucleotide similarity suggests that there has been fairly recent retrotransposon. We have shown that Belly is transcribed and translated in An. gambiae. Single LTR circles were recovered from An. gambiae cells, which is consistent with active transposition of Belly.

The second subject focuses on the piwi genes of Ae. aegypti. We found nine potential piwi genes in Ae. aegypti and two in An. gambiae. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these piwis formed two subgroups and gene duplication within each group occurred after the divergence between the two mosquito species. RT-PCR and transcriptome analysis showed Ago3 as well as all the seven tested piwi genes were expressed either in germline tissues or developing embryos. Differential expression patterns were observed. While most piwis were transcribed in the ovaries, testis, and embryos, two piwis appear to have a zygotic expression. Three piwi genes (piwi 3, piwi 4, and Ago3) were also detected in adult somatic tissues of Ae. aegypti. The expansion of the number of piwi genes in Ae. aegypti compared to An. gambiae and D. melanogaster may be correlated with a larger genome size and greater amount of TEs. The finding of piwi expression in adult somatic tissues is intriguing. It is possible that these piwi genes were expressed in the adult stem cells. It is also possible that they may be involved with anti-viral defense. Both of these hypotheses require further testing.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Galun, Esra. Transposable Elements. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Saedler, Heinz, and Alfons Gierl, eds. Transposable Elements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79795-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Branco, Miguel R., and Alexandre de Mendoza Soler, eds. Transposable Elements. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2883-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wisconsin-Madison), International Symposium on Plant Transposable Elements (1987 University of. Plant transposable elements. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Cho, Jungnam, ed. Plant Transposable Elements. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1134-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Peterson, Thomas, ed. Plant Transposable Elements. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-568-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Grandbastien, Marie-Angèle, and Josep M. Casacuberta, eds. Plant Transposable Elements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31842-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Nelson, Oliver, Claire M. Wilson, and Cosette G. Saslaw, eds. Plant Transposable Elements. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5550-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

1947-, McDonald John F., ed. Transposable elements and evolution. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

McDonald, J. F., ed. Transposable Elements and Evolution. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2028-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Galun, Esra. "Introduction." In Transposable Elements, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Galun, Esra. "Historical Background." In Transposable Elements, 5–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Galun, Esra. "Bacterial Insertion Sequences." In Transposable Elements, 25–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Galun, Esra. "Retrotransposons." In Transposable Elements, 75–157. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Galun, Esra. "Telomeres and Transposable Elements." In Transposable Elements, 159–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Galun, Esra. "Class II Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes." In Transposable Elements, 163–257. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Galun, Esra. "Epilogue." In Transposable Elements, 259–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Galun, Esra. "Appendices." In Transposable Elements, 261–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Galun, Esra. "References." In Transposable Elements, 283–321. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3582-7_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ohtsubo, E., and Y. Sekine. "Bacterial Insertion Sequences." In Transposable Elements, 1–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79795-8_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Jin, Lingling, and Ian McQuillan. "Prediction of transposable elements evolution using tabu search." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2018.8621478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nakano, Felipe Kenji, Saulo Martiello Mastelini, Sylvio Barbon, and Ricardo Cerri. "Improving Hierarchical Classification of Transposable Elements using Deep Neural Networks." In 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489461.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pereira, Gean Trindade, Bruna Zamith Santos, and Ricardo Cerri. "A Genetic Algorithm for Transposable Elements Hierarchical Classification Rule Induction." In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477642.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Razali, Nurhani Mat, Mohd Faizal Abu Bakar, Cheah Boon Huat, and Kalaivani Nadarajah. "Characterizations of transposable element (TE) landscape in Rhizoctonia solani." In THE 2018 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2018 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5111279.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fernando, Avindra, Jun Huan, Justin P. Blumenstiel, Jin Lin, Xue-wen Chen, and Bo Luo. "Identification of transposable elements of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) genome." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibmw.2012.6470219.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ranganathan, N., C. Feschotte, and D. Levine. "Cluster and Grid Based Classification of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotic Genomes." In Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid.2006.1630938.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nakano, Felipe Kenji, Walter Jose Pinto, Gisele Lobo Pappa, and Ricardo Cerri. "Top-down strategies for hierarchical classification of transposable elements with neural networks." In 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966165.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gilbert, Clément. "Frequency and mechanism of horizontal transfer of transposable elements from moth to virus." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93232.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Clayton, Evan A., Lavanya Rishishwar, Tzu-Chuan Huang, Saurabh Gulati, Dongjo Ban, John F. McDonald, and I. King Jordan. "Abstract 2115: An atlas of transposable element derived alternative splicing in cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2115.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lingling Jin, Ian McQuillan, and Longhai Li. "Computational identification of regions that influence activity of transposable elements in the human genome." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2016.7822586.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Transposal elements"

1

Liu, Zhanjiang John, Rex Dunham, and Boaz Moav. Developmental and Evaluation of Advanced Expression Vectors with Both Enhanced Integration and Stable Expression for Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585196.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The objectives of the project were to develop expression vectors using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology and the genetic border elements to provide both enhanced integration rate and stable transgene expression, and to evaluate the application of such vectors in farmed fish such as catfish and carp. The panel recommended adding the objective of evaluating the endogenous transposable elements, particularly in catfish, in order to evaluate the applicability of the expression vectors while reduc1ng efforts in real production of transgenic fish considering the focus of the project was to develop the vector and evaluation of its applicability, not producing transgenic fish. Efficient production of transgenic farmed fish is hindered by two major problems: mosaicism due to delayed integration after single-cell stage, and silencing of transgene expression. In this project, we proposed to combat these problems by coupling the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology that can enhance integration rate and the border elements that can insulate transgene from position effect. Our major objective was to develop a new generation of expression vector that contains both of these elements. We have developed expression vectors containing both the Sleeping Beauty transposon signals, inverted repeats and direct repeats (IR and DR, respectively), and the border elements, scs and scs'. Growth hormone minigene has been cloned into this vector for applications of such vectors in growth enhancement. Luc reporter gene has been also cloned into this vector cascades for relative easy evaluation of transgene expression. Transgenic fish have been produced using these expression vectors in both catfish (US) and carp (Israel). Much effort was also devoted to evaluation of the endogenous transposable elements in catfish as recommended by the BARD grant panel. Multiple families of Tcl-like transposons were identified from catfish. Surprisingly, many Tc I-related transcripts were identified. Among these transcripts, both the sense and antisense transcripts were present. Some of the transcripts may be useful for development of novel transposase-based technology for aquaculture applications in the future. This project has both scientific and aquaculture implications. First, to develop expression vectors containing both IR/DR and scs/scs' repeated elements have been reported being extremely technically difficult due to excision of the repeated sequences by the E. coli host during cloning processes. We have successfully constructed this advanced vector that contained very complex cascades for both gene integration and gene regulation. We have produced transgenic fish using such vectors. This advanced expression vector should be useful for production of transgenic fish. By simply replacing the growth hormone gene, any gene of interest can be readily inserted in this vector. Thus this vector should provide technological possibility for early integration and stable expression of any economically important genes in aquaculture. We have also evaluated the applications of the Sleeping Beauty-based vectors in terms of the impact of gene size and found that the size of trans gene drastically affects transposition. The system will be only useful for transferring genes smaller than 5.6 kb. We have also identified novel transposase-related transcripts that may be useful for the development of novel transposase-based technologies for general scientific research and for aquaculture applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Edwards, John R. Mammary Cancer and Activation of Transposable Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614053.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Edwards, John. Mammary Cancer and Activation of Transposable Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614054.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Peaston, Anne E. Mammary Cancer and Activation of Transposable Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada591352.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Edwards, John R. Mammary Cancer and Activation of Transposable Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599612.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Edwards, John R. Mammary Cancer and Activation of Transposable Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618871.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Levy, Avraham A., and Virginia Walbot. Regulation of Transposable Element Activities during Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7568091.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
We have studied the regulation of the maize Ac and MuDR transposable elements activities during plant development. Ac was studied in an heterologous system (transgenic tobacco plants and cell suspensions) while MuDR was studied in the native maize background. The focus of this study was on the transcriptional regulation of Ac and MuDR. For Ac, the major achievements were to show that 1-It is autoregulated in a way that the Ac-encoded transposase can repress the activity of its own promoter; 2-It is expressed at low basal level in all the plant organs that were studied, and its activity is stronger in dividing tissues -- a behaviour reminiscent of housekeeping genes; 3- the activity of Ac promoter is cell cycle regulated -- induced at early S-phase and increasing until mitosis; 4- host factor binding sites were identified at both extremities of Ac and may be important for transposition. For MuDR, It was shown that it encodes two genes, mudrA and mudrB, convergently transcribed from near-identical promoters in the terminal inverted repeats. Distinct 5' start sites, alternative splicing, production of antisense RNA and tissue specificity were all shown to be involved in the regulation of MuDR.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Transposal elements' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography