Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transports urbains – Performances'
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1
Adjeroud, Heythem. "La coexistence des services institutionnels et artisanaux de transport collectif à Mila (Algérie) : Approche par la géosimulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MON30003.
Abstract:
Face aux défis socioéconomiques et environnementaux du XXIe siècle, l'optimisation des systèmes de transport urbain constitue une préoccupation majeure pour les autorités publiques à l'échelle mondiale.Cette thèse qui s’inscrit dans le contexte des villes moyennes algériennes, cherche à traiter la question de la performance d’un système de transport urbain où coexistent deux services de transport collectif :- Un réseau public institutionnel, structurellement organisé- Un réseau privé artisanal, auto-organisé. Ce travail portant sur Mila, ville moyenne du nord-est algérien, repose sur une enquête de terrain menée auprès de 923 usagers, des entretiens avec les acteurs locaux, et une modélisation multi-agents. Son objectif est d'évaluer la performance du réseau de transport urbain de la ville et de mesurer la capacité de sa configuration mixte, conciliant des services publics et privés, à répondre aux besoins en mobilité exprimés par les habitants.En analysant les résultats de l'enquête et des simulations, cette thèse décrypte les modes et les logiques de fonctionnement des deux composantes du système, ainsi que leurs relations de concurrence et de complémentarité, de façon à permettre une meilleure compréhension de la problématique, ouvrant la voie à des propositions d'amélioration visant l’optimisation du système et le renforcement de sa performanceIn the face of the socio-economic and environmental challenges of the 21st century, the optimization of urban transport systems is a major concern for public authorities globally.Situated within the context of Algerian medium-sized cities, this thesis aims to address the performance of an urban transport system where two forms of collective transport services coexist:- An institutional, structurally organized public network- An artisanal self-organized private networkFocused on Mila, a medium-sized city in northeastern Algeria, this work is grounded in a field survey involving 923 users, interviews with local stakeholders, and multi-agent modeling. Its objective is to assess the performance of the city's urban transport network and measure the capacity of its mixed configuration, reconciling public and private services, to meet the mobility needs expressed by residents.By analyzing the survey results and the simulations, this thesis decrypts the modes and operating logics of the two components of the system, as well as their competitive and complementary relationships, aiming to provide a better understanding of the issue. This paves the way for improvement proposals aimed at optimizing the system and enhancing its performance
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Roy, William. "Réglementation, gouvernance et performance des services publics de transport collectif urbain." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186987.
Abstract:
Le projet thématique de cette thèse est l'identification des modes de gouvernance pouvant favoriser l'émergence de meilleures performances dans la fourniture des services publics de transport urbain. Il s'agit de réunir et d'appliquer aux transports urbains, les questionnements relatifs aux mesures de la performance des services publics d'une part, et ceux portant sur la gouvernance (réglementation et contractualisation principalement) des marchés "défaillants" d'autre part.
3
Enriquez, Bilbao Nidia Marisol 1978. "Avaliação de desempenho do sistema BRT da cidade de Lima utilizando o auxílio multicritério à decisão." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258030.
Abstract:
Orientador: Maria Lucia GalvesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As cidades necessitam de sistemas de transporte eficientes, tanto para a movimentação de bens quanto de pessoas e para a realização das atividades fundamentais. O transporte caracteriza-se, portanto, como uma das atividades principais para o atendimento das necessidades de crescimento dos centros urbanos. Uma das opções adotadas para o transporte público urbano é o sistema BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), que consegue atender a necessidades de transporte com baixo custo de implantação, provocando impactos positivos em sua área de influência. Diante disso, sistemas BRT foram implantados em muitas cidades no mundo, o que torna a avaliação de desempenho deste modo de transporte uma necessidade atual e de grande importância para o desenvolvimento adequado dos centros urbanos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de avaliar o desempenho do sistema BRT da cidade de Lima, no Peru, especificamente Corredor Segregado de Alta Capacidade (COSAC I). Para tanto, foi adotada a metodologia de auxílio multicritério à decisão, que leva em conta tanto as variáveis quantitativas como as qualitativas na avaliação. Esta metodologia foi aplicada de forma abrangente, considerando não apenas os interesses do usuário, mas também os impactos que esse sistema provoca no meio urbano. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram conhecer os pontos de vista e as necessidades dos atores, assim como o desempenho geral do sistema e o desempenho local para cada atributo
Abstract: Cities need efficient transport systems, both for the movement of goods and people as to the realization of the fundamental activities. Therefore transport is characterized as one of the main activities to meet the growing needs of urban centers. One of the options adopted for urban public transport is the BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), which can meet the transportation needs with low cost of deployment, causing positive impacts in its area of influence. Therefore, BRT systems have been deployed in many cities in the world, which makes the performance evaluation of the transport mode a current need and of great importance for the proper development of urban centers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the BRT system of the city of Lima, Peru, specifically the Segregated Corridor of High Capacity (COSAC I). For this purpose, the methodology adopted was multicriteria decision aid, which takes into account both qualitative and quantitative variables in evaluating. This methodology was applied comprehensively, considering not only the user's interests, but also the impact that this system causes the urban environment. The results enabled us to know the views and needs of stakeholders, and the general performance of the system and the local performance for each attribute
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
4
Roy, William Bonnafous Alain. "Réglementation, gouvernance et performance des services publics de transport collectif urbain." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/roy_w.
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Janjevic, Milena. "Urban freight consolidation platforms as a means of decreasing costs and enhancing performance of urban logistics chains within the framework of a market economy: Application to Brussels-Capital." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232373.
Abstract:
Les centres de consolidation urbaine sont une mesure populaire dans la logistique urbaine visant à rationaliser les trajets liés aux livraisons en ville. Cependant, bien que les avantages environnementaux de ce type de dispositifs ont été largement abordés et documentés, un nombre important de cas d’implémentation n’ont pas parvenu à atteindre une participation suffisante et démontrer un modèle de fonctionnement viable. Les principaux obstacles liés à leur mise en œuvre relèvent des préoccupations financières et de l’acceptation de la part des acteurs de la logistique urbaine. Par conséquent, le succès de ces schémas logistiques est souvent conditionné par un fort soutien réglementaire et financier des pouvoirs publics. Récemment, de nouveaux types de modèles d'exploitation des centres de consolidation urbaine, proposant une gamme d'activités à valeur ajoutée, sont apparus, permettant une meilleure intégration de ces plateformes dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement. En outre, un grand nombre d'expériences récentes se concentrent sur la consolidation de fret à petite échelle, ce qui permet un assouplissement des besoins en ressources matérielles et humaines. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le potentiel des plates-formes de consolidation de fret urbaines de diminuer les coûts et d'améliorer les performances des chaînes logistiques urbaines. En particulier, la thèse traitera des facteurs qui influent sur la viabilité de ces schémas logistiques dans le cadre d'une économie de marché.La thèse est structurée autour de trois questions de recherche qui portent sur (1) la viabilité du modèle traditionnel du centre de consolidation urbain basé sur les activités de transbordement et de consolidation, (2) les impacts des mesures qui visent à soutenir la mise en œuvre des schémas de consolidation et le niveau d’approbation des acteurs de la logistique urbaine qui en découle, (3) l’impact des nouvelles approches dans le domaine de plates-formes de consolidation de marchandises en ville et en particulier des nouveaux modèles d’exploitation de centres de consolidation urbains et des plates-formes de micro-consolidation. En abordant ces aspects, la thèse démontre que le modèle du centre de consolidation urbain traditionnel peut présenter une alternative viable, mais que le succès de ces schémas logistiques est soumis à un grand nombre de conditions qui sont difficiles à satisfaire en pratique. La thèse identifie les mesures d'accompagnement qui peuvent à la fois accroître la participation dans le schéma de consolidation et l'acceptation des acteurs, ainsi que celles qui rencontrent une réponse plus mitigée de la part des acteurs. Enfin, la thèse identifie les avantages potentiels des nouveaux modèles d’exploitation de centres de consolidation ainsi que les avantages de la consolidation à petite échelle.Urban consolidation centres are a popular measure in city logistics, which aims at rationalizing delivery trips in an urban area. However, although their environmental benefits have been extensively addressed and documented, many of the implementation cases fail to reach sufficient participation and demonstrate a viable business model. Some of the main barriers linked to their implementation are the financial concerns and the stakeholder acceptance. Consequently, the success of these schemes has often been subject to a strong regulatory and financial support from public authorities. Recently, new forms of urban consolidation centre operating models offering a range of value-added activities have appeared, allowing a better integration of these facilities in the overall supply chain. Furthermore, a large number of recent experiments focus on small-scale freight consolidation, relaxing the requirements for material and human resources. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential of urban freight consolidation platforms to decrease the costs and improve the performance of urban logistics chains. In particular, the thesis will address factors that influence the viability of these schemes in a framework of market economy.The thesis is structured around three research questions that address (1) the viability of the traditional urban consolidation centre model based on transhipment and consolidation activities (2) the impact of market-based accompanying measures for urban consolidation centre project implementation and the resulting level of stakeholder support and (3) the impact of new approaches in urban freight consolidation platforms and in particular those of new urban consolidation centres operating models and micro-consolidation platforms. By tackling these aspects, the thesis demonstrates that the traditional urban consolidation centre model can present a viable alternative but that the success of the scheme is subject to a large number of requirements that are often difficult to meet in practice. The thesis highlights accompanying measures that can both increase the expected participation in the consolidation scheme as well as the stakeholder acceptance of the scheme, and those that meet a less positive stakeholder response. Finally, the thesis identifies the potential benefits of new operating models of urban consolidation centres and of small-scale consolidation.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
6
Amaral, Miguel. "Modes d'organisation et performances : le cas du transport public urbain en Europe." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010070.
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Cette thèse vise à contribuer à l'analyse de l'effet des choix organisationnels sur la performance des services publics locaux. Pour cela, nous nous intéressons au cas du transport public urbain en Europe. Ce secteur connaît depuis vingt ans des évolutions organisationnelles importantes, qui ont donné une vigueur particulière au débat sur la performance relative des pratiques organisationnelles. Les contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes: d’une part, nous mobilisons une une base de données portant sur les réseaux français afin de montrer que les choix des autorités locales en matière de mode de gestion sont à la fois influencés par des facteurs économiques et non monétaires. Cela contraste avec les explications habituellement données, qui avancent les variables politiques comme seuls facteurs déterminants. D'autre part, nous montrons empiriquement que la capacité d'expertise des autorités locales est un déterminant clé de la performance des contrats de délégation. En troisième lieu, nous comparons les modèles d'organisation londonien et français des appels d'offres.
7
Kolosz, Ben William. "Assessing the sustainability performance of inter-urban intelligent transport." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5502/.
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The implementation of ITS to increase the efficiency of saturated highways has become increasingly prevalent. It is a high level objective for many international governments and operators that highways should be managed in a way that is both sustainable i.e. environmental, social and economically sound and supportive of a Low-Carbon-Energy Future. Some clarity is therefore needed to understand how Intelligent Transport Systems perform within the constraints of that objective. This thesis describes the development of performance criteria that reflect the contributions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) emissions, vehicle emissions and the embedded carbon within the physical transport infrastructure that typically comprises three types of Intelligent Transport System. Active Traffic Management, Intelligent Speed Adaptation and the Automated Highway System are a collection of systems designed to transform the road network into a highly efficient and congestion free transport solution and all possess varying levels of uncertainty in terms of sustainability performance. The performance criteria form part of a new framework methodology ‘EnvFUSION’ (Environmental Fusion for ITS) outlined here. An attributional LCA and c-LCA (consequential lifecycle assessment) are both undertaken which forms part of a data fusion process using data from various sources. The models forecast improvements for the three ITS technologies in-line with social acceptability, economic profitability and major carbon reduction scenarios up to 2050 on one of the UK's most congested highways. Analytical Hierarchy Process and Dempster-Shafer theory are used to weight criteria which form part of an Intelligent Transport Sustainability Index. Overall performance is then synthesized. Results indicate that there will be a substantial increase in socio-economic and emissions benefits, provided that the policies are in place and targets are reached which would otherwise delay their realisation. To conclude, an integrated strategic performance management framework is proposed which performs socio-technical comparisons of four key performance areas between ITS schemes in order to identify energy and emission hotspots.
8
Ilic, Milena, and Marie Svensson. "Interesting Key Performance Index (KPI) to compare before and after the introduction of urban distribution centre." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139029.
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Linköpings kommun ska införa samordnad varudistribution för transporter till kommunens verksamheter. I nuläget går kommunens transporter direkt från leverantörerna till kommunens verksamheter. Med samordnad varudistribution kommer kommunens gods att anlända till en samlastningscentral där godset samlastas och körs ut till de kommunala verksamheterna. Förhoppningen är att detta ska ge en minskning av koldioxidutsläpp, partikelutsläpp, godshantering vid verksamheterna och minskad tung trafik vid kommunens verksamheter. För att kunna utvärdera resultatet av samordnad varudistribution krävs att transportpåverkan innan ett införande kan mätas och jämföras med dess påverkan efter ett införande. För att dessa mätningar ska kunna jämföras krävs att mätningarna genomförs på samma sätt före och efter införandet. Det finns en osäkerhet kring hur detta skulle kunna mätas. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka nyckeltal som är intressanta att mäta före och efter ett införande av samordnad varudistribution. Många städer har svårigheter gällande trafikstockningar och miljöfarliga utsläpp som leder till negativa effekter för både människor och miljön. Godstrafiken behövs för att transportera gods från fabriker till slutkunder men påverkar både växthuseffekten och stadsmiljö genom miljöfarliga utsläpp, buller och trafikolyckor. En samlastningscentral minskar bland annat på de negativa externa effekterna av godstransporter i städerna. Intervjuer har genomförts för att undersöka hur andra verksamheter som infört samordnad varudistribution gått tillväga och vad de fått för resultat. Det framkom att det var svårigheter med att få fram transportdata före införandet och att transportsituationen är väldigt komplex. Genom att verksamheterna har mer information om sina godstransporter underlättar det för dem att planera och styra över dem. En ökad positiv miljöeffekt för staden skulle kunna nås om fler verksamheter använde sig av samlastning.
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Guimarães, Vanessa de Almeida. "Avaliação do desempenho sustentável das alternativas de transporte urbano de passageiros." Volta Redonda, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5963.
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Tradicionalmente, a avaliação de desempenho do setor de transportes direciona seu foco ao aspecto econômico, nem sempre considerando as dimensões ambientais e sociais. Entretanto, em função da possível extensão e magnitude dos impactos decorrentes da atividade de transporte, esta avaliação deveria ser feita considerando critérios de sustentabilidade. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor e aplicar um método que possibilite a avaliação conjunta das dimensões que compõem o conceito de sustentabilidade. A aplicação foi feita para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte urbano de passageiros disponíveis no trecho Rio-Niterói. Verificou-se que a utilização de valores pontuais (e/ou médios) dos indicadores (e/ou medidas) para avaliar o desempenho das alternativas de transporte pode conduzir o gestor (público ou privado) a decisões inadequadas, pois deixa de levar em conta as incertezas associadas a cada indicador (e/ou medida) de sustentabilidade. Mesmo a análise de cenários não é capaz de mapear as possibilidades de ocorrência, deixando dúvidas sobre qual alternativa tem a maior probabilidade de registrar um maior nível de sustentabilidade sustentável. Dessa forma, aplicou-se a Simulação de Monte Carlo a fim de verificar quais os possíveis desempenhos registrados pelas alternativas bem como suas probabilidades de ocorrência. Notou-se, por exemplo, que embora o ônibus tenha apresentado um melhor desempenho no cenário referencial, é a barca quem tem a maior probabilidade de registrar performances consideradas adequadas. Além disso, apesar da literatura sobre mobilidade sustentável incentivar a substituição do transporte individual pelo coletivo, o automóvel a etanol demonstrou que poderia apresentar, com baixa probabilidade, o melhor desempenho dentre todas as alternativas. Destaca-se, também, que o automóvel a gasolina, opção mais utilizada no trecho em estudo, embora tenha maior probabilidade de ter desempenhos superiores à motocicleta, registrou o pior índice de sustentabilidade possível entre todas as alternativas. Por fim, foi possível observar que a medida que mais influencia o desempenho das alternativas de transporte individual é o custo, enquanto a mais relevante para as alternativas coletivas é o tempo de viagem. Esta constatação pode auxiliar o gestor na decisão sobre que ações deveriam ser tomadas para aprimorar o desempenho do sistema de transporte, tornando-o mais sustentável. Dessa forma, verifica-se que o método proposto pode ser considerado útil apoio a decisão, auxiliando no direcionamento das políticas governamentais no setor de transporte e no gerenciamento das empresas operadoras.
Traditionally, the performance assessment in transport sector is focused in the economic aspect, not always considering environmental and social dimensions. Although, due to the possible extent and magnitude of the impacts related to transport activities, this assessment should be done considering sustainability criteria. Therefore, this study aims to propose and apply a method that allows the joint evaluation of the dimensions that compose the sustainability concept. The application evaluates the performance of the urban passenger transport alternatives available in Rio-Niterói route. We verified that the use of specific (and/or average) values of the indicators (and/or measures) to assess the performance of the transport alternatives can lead the managers (public and privates) to inappropriate decisions, because do not consider the uncertainty associated to each indicator (and/or measure) of sustainability. Even the scenario analysis is not able to map the probabilities of occurrence, leaving doubts about which alternative is more likely to have a higher level of sustainability. Thereby, we applied the Monte Carlo Simulation in order to verify the possible performance of each alternative as well as its probability of occurrence. We noted that, for instance, although the bus had the best performance in the reference scenario, the ferry is the alternative with higher probability of reaching the performances considered adequate. Besides, despite the literature of sustainable mobility encourages the replacement of the individual transport to the collective, the car by ethanol demonstrated that could reach, with low probability, the best performance among all the alternatives. We also highlight that the car by gasoline, alternative used the most in the route under assessment, is more likely to have better performance levels than motorcycle. Nevertheless, the car had the worst performance level, among all the alternatives. Lastly, we found that the "cost" is the measure that most influence the performance of individual alternatives while "time of travel" is the most relevant to the collective ones. These findings could help managers to decide on what actions should be taken to improve the performance of the transport system, making it more sustainable. Therefore, the proposed method could be considered useful in the decision support, assisting in the leading of government policies in the transport sector and in the management of the operating companies.
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Costa, Alvaro Fernando de Oliveira. "Organisational form and performance of urban public transport in Western European cities." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7339.
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In recent years, many Western European urban public transport systems have undergone major reorganisation, including London (1985), Madrid (1985), Manchester (1986), Zurich (1990), Antwerp (1991), Copenhagen (1991), Athens (1992,1993), Gothenburg (1993) and Hamburg (1996). Other cities are also about to implement reorganisationsin their public transports ystems. Despite this, and with the exception of the British case, relatively little attention has been paid in the literature to the determinants and effects of these changes. Nevertheless, economics has benefited from individual contributions from people involved in these reorganisations. The aim of this thesis is to address two main weaknessesin the existing literature on the organisationo f urban public transport. Firstly, there is a distinct shortage of studies integrating different experiences in terms of forms of organisation.a nd their important features. Hence, emphasisi n this thesis is placed on examining structural changes in urban public transport, using a broad typology of organisations, and to explore related changes in the conduct and performance of public transport systems. A second weakness of the literature is the lack of detailed evaluations of the link between forms of organisation and the performance of transport operators. The evaluation of this link is carried out making use of case studies of Metro de Madrid and London Underground. The key objective of this thesis is to explore the existence of a link between organisation of the urban public transport markets and the performance of transport operators. Ile empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that reorganisations induce changes in performance levels. Additionally, in the cases of Metro de Madrid and London Underground, efficiency and effectiveness values emerge as positively correlated which is contrary to evidence presented in previous work.
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Lima, Jeanne Samara dos Santos. "Avalia??o de desempenho em mercados reguladores de transporte urbano por ?nibus :proposi??o de um modelo aplic?vel ao caso de Natal." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15005.
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Increased competition in the market of urban transport, characteristic of the Brazilian cities from years 90, has required actions of the managing agencies to ensure the universality of service, enhancing efficiency and consumer welfare. It grows in the Brazilian municipalities, the need to adopt a systematic performance evaluation in terms of management system of indicators and targets appropriate to the regulatory context, which has the purpose of evaluating the accomplishment and compliance by dealers, of the services granted during the contract period, marked by increasingly long periods. The introduction of an index operational performance in permission contracts/concession in urban buses is intended to establish a regulatory performance, giving the contract a pro-competitive feature and to allow the managing agency the systematic and continuous monitoring of the performance of the delegated service to avoid major deviations from desired performance. A performance assessment model of public transportation companies by bus, and applicable to the case of Natal is proposed. Sought to add the particularities found in the transport system in order to assess the performance of enterprises, contribute to improving the service quality to the population and enable decision-makers a detailed knowledge of the behavior of the licensees
O aumento da competi??o no mercado de transporte urbano, caracter?stica das cidades brasileiras a partir dos anos 90, tem exigido a??es dos ?rg?os gestores para garantia da universaliza??o dos servi?os, do incremento da efici?ncia e bem-estar dos consumidores. Cresce nos munic?pios brasileiros, a necessidade de se adotar uma sistem?tica de avalia??o de desempenho em termos de gest?o de um sistema de indicadores e metas adequado ao contexto regulat?rio, que tenha a finalidade de avaliar a realiza??o e o cumprimento, por parte dos concession?rios, dos servi?os concedidos, durante a vig?ncia do contrato, pautado por prazos cada vez mais longos. A introdu??o de um ?ndice de desempenho operacional nos contratos de permiss?o/concess?o em ?nibus urbanos tem a finalidade de estabelecer uma regula??o de desempenho, dotando o contrato de uma fei??o pr?-competitiva e permitir ao organismo gestor o acompanhamento sistem?tico e cont?nuo da performance dos delegat?rios de modo a evitar desvios maiores de desempenhos almejados. Prop?e-se aqui um modelo de avalia??o de desempenho de empresas de transporte urbano por ?nibus, e aplic?vel ao caso de Natal. Buscou-se agregar as particularidades encontradas no sistema de transportes, de forma a aferir o desempenho das empresas, contribuir com a melhoria na qualidade do servi?o prestado ? popula??o e permitir aos decisores um conhecimento detalhado do comportamento das concession?rias
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Nsamzinshuti, Alexis. "Développement et application d'un modèle intégré d'analyse de la performance des chaînes logistiques de l’agribusiness." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/263601.
Abstract:
De nombreuses études montrent que le monde de l’entreprise subit de plein fouet les changements de la société actuelle (l’augmentation de la population mondiale, l’avènement des technologies d’information et de communication, une demande des consommateurs pour des produits de qualité, plus respectueux de l’environnement et des normes sociales, mais aussi un niveau de service de plus en plus élevé). Les entreprises sont ainsi amenées à se réorganiser, à innover et à repenser leur business, enfin d’être plus compétitifs dans un marché qui devient de plus en plus globalisé.Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’impact de ces changements pour le secteur de l’agribusiness. Celle-ci veut contribuer à la réflexion scientifique afin de répondre aux enjeux majeurs auxquels ce secteur fait face et proposer des solutions concrètes. Pour cela, nous avons identifié comme axe de recherche primordiale, la mesure et l’évaluation de la performance des chaînes logistiques pour ce secteur. L’étude et l’analyse de la littérature scientifique, concernant les recherches actuelles sur les méthodes d’évaluation de la performance logistique et plus spécifiquement dans le secteur de l’agribusiness, nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l’existence d’un éventail large des méthodologies dans la littérature. Néanmoins, l’analyse de celles-ci a montré qu’elles présentent de nombreuses lacunes, qui ne permettent pas de constituer de véritables systèmes d’évaluation de la performance des chaînes logistiques dans le secteur de l’agribusiness. Pour identifier les pratiques en matière de mesure de la performance logistique, nous avons mené une enquête auprès des entreprises actives dans le secteur de l’agribusiness.Pour répondre à ces lacunes identifiées dans la littérature ainsi que dans la pratique concernant la mesure de la performance des chaînes logistiques de l’agribusiness, nous avons élaboré un cadre méthodologique permettant d’effectuer le diagnostic des processus logistiques, d’en évaluer la performance. Ensuite, des configurations alternatives de la chaîne logistique seront élaborées et évaluées pour analyser leur impact sur la performance logistique. Ce modèle est bâti autour de six dimensions :le coût de la logistique, la fiabilité de la chaîne logistique, l’impact environnemental, l’impact social, les risques encourus par la chaîne logistique ainsi que la gestion des ressources logistiques. Pour chaque dimension, un modèle de calcul est proposé ainsi que les sources d’informations nécessaires pour effectuer le calcul.Pour démontrer l’applicabilité de ce cadre méthodologique, Celle-ci a été déployé dans le cas de la distribution des produits locaux dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. L’application de la méthodologie a permis de mettre en avant les principales déficiences concernant le processus de la distribution et plus particulièrement celui du transport. Sur base des résultats de l’évaluation de la performance, plusieurs schémas de distribution alternative ont été élaborés. L’évaluation de la performance logistique de deux schémas de distribution ainsi leur évaluation multicritère et multi-acteur a permis de mettre en évidence le potentiel de la collaboration logistique entre les producteurs locaux pour améliorer la performance logistique.Sur base de la méthodologie proposée et de sa validation, un prototype de plateforme informatique intégrant cette méthodologie a été développé. Cette approche permet de montrer le potentiel de valorisation de la méthodologie pour le diagnostic et la mesure de la performance des chaînes logistiques des entreprises actives dans le secteur de l’agribusiness, mais également dans d’autres secteurs qui présentent les mêmes caractéristiques comme celui de la pharmaceutique.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Rackliff, Lucy. "Deriving and validating performance indicators for safety mobility for older road users in urban areas." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13567.
Abstract:
This thesis derives and validates Performance Indicators for Safe Mobility for Older Road Users in Urban Areas. Performance Indicators are objective, auditable parameters, which when used as a set can provide additional information to decision-makers about the operation of the transport system. Great Britain, in common with many countries across Europe has an ageing population. The proportion of older people who hold a driving licence and have the use of a car is also expected to rise, with future generations of older people travelling further and more frequently than previous generations. Older road users are already over-represented in traffic fatalities, particularly in urban areas. Measures to protect older road users from risk in traffic will be of crucial importance as the population ages. However, against this background the need remains for them to access key facilities such as shops, leisure activities and health care. Maintaining independent mobility is essential in maintaining mental and physical health. Traditionally, outcomes-based measures such as accident or casualty figures have been used to monitor road safety. Techniques such as hotspot analysis have identified locations on the road network where accident numbers are high, allowing modifications to road infrastructure to be designed and implemented. Using outcomes measures alone however, it is difficult to ascribe improvements in accident or casualty figures to particular policy interventions. Moreover, the effect of road safety interventions on other related policy areas mobility being one is impossible to assess without access to detailed, disaggregated exposure data. To make fully informed policy decisions about infrastructure design and how it affects older users, a better understanding of the linkages between safety and mobility is required. Performance Indicators offer the possibility to look at these linked policy objectives within a single framework. Focus group data was used in conjunction with the results of previous studies to identify the infrastructure features which present a barrier to older users safe mobility in urban areas. These included factors which increased risk, such as wide carriageways, complex junctions and fast-moving traffic, and factors which hindered mobility, such as uneven or poorly maintained pavements, poor lighting and traffic intrusion. A thematic audit of infrastructure in a case study city (Coventry) was undertaken, in order that the incidence of such infrastructure could be recorded. It was found that in many areas of the city, safe mobility for older road users was not well provided for, with the majority of locations having barriers to safety and/or mobility for both drivers and pedestrians. The audit data was then used to calculate a set of Performance Indicators, presented via spider graphs, which describe the degree to which the infrastructure caters for the safety and mobility of older drivers and pedestrians. The spider graphs allow for easy comparisons between the different geographical areas, and also between the different policy areas, allowing policy priorities to be identified. The calculated Performance Indicators were validated using case studies collected from the focus group participants. The case studies identified features that affected travel habits by causing a change of route or change of mode, providing evidence of the link between infrastructure design and safe mobility for older users. The results of the Performance Indicator analysis were then compared to accident figures, in order to identify differences between the two approaches, and to understand what policy implications would result from a monitoring framework that used Performance Indicators for safe mobility, rather than outcomes-based measures alone. One implication of the Performance Indicator approach is that it may identify different areas for priority action from those identified by accident or casualty figures. A location which does not have high accident numbers may nevertheless perform poorly on a Safety Performance Indicator measure. This is because older users who feel at risk make different route or mode choices to avoid the infrastructure, the lower accident rate being explained by lower exposure to risk. Conversely, measures to promote independent mobility for older users may increase their accident involvement, not because the environment becomes more risky, but because the exposure of older users to risk increases, because they are willing and able to walk or drive in an area they previously avoided. The thesis concludes that infrastructure design does not currently cater well for the needs of older pedestrians and drivers, and that a framework which incorporated Performance Indicators could make more explicit the trade-offs between safety and mobility, and between different categories of user. This additional information would enable policy makers and practitioners to make more informed decisions about how to prioritise competing objectives in complex urban areas.
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Pereira, Carlos Lopes. "Avaliação de desempenho de empresas públicas : aplicação a uma empresa do sector de transportes rodoviários urbanos de passageiros." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14879.
Abstract:
Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasO objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é o de analisar as singularidades de governação das empresas públicas (EP) e os objetivos específicos para que foram criadas, e propor um modelo de avaliação e monitorização do desempenho consentâneo com a noção de criação de valor para a sociedade (public value), como forma de promover a sua melhoria. Aprofundamos as vantages da complementaridade de objetivos não-financeiros com financeiros, e notamos que a utilização de objetivos não financeiros adquire especial acuidade no caso de EP que prestam serviços públicos e os preços praticados não decorrem dos mecanismos tradicionais do mercado. Salientamos ainda que a implementação e o funcionamento de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho exige, boas condições de governação, a clarificação do que pretende o acionista em termos de valor para a sociedade (public value), e um adequado processo de planeamento estratégico interno e sistemas de informação de gestão preparados para produzir informação financeira e não financeira para o respetivo acompanhamento e monitorização. Para ilustrar a operacionalização do modelo, tomamos o caso da empresa CARRIS, que presta serviço de transportes públicos coletivos rodoviários urbanos de passageiros na área de Lisboa.
This dissertation aims to analyze the singularities of governance of state owned enterprises (SOE) and the specific objectives they pursue, and propose a model of performance evaluation and monitoring consistent with the public value creation notion, in order to promote its improvement. We have explored the advantages of non-financial and financial objectives complementarities, and we note that the use of non-financial objectives acquires special importance in the case of SOE that provide public services and the prices do not fall within the traditional market mechanisms. We also emphasize that the implementation and functioning of a performance appraisal system requires, good governance conditions, clarification of what the public owner intends in terms of value for society (public value), and an adequate process of internal strategic planning and management information systems prepared to produce financial and non-financial information for their monitoring and monitoring.. To illustrate the operation of the model, we present a practical example of application to the company CARRIS, which provides urban public collectives passenger transport services in the area of Lisbon.
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Santo, Marília Leandro. "Objectivos da avaliação de desempenho na função pública: sua caracterização nos serviços municipalizados de transportes urbanos de Coimbra." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15289.
Abstract:
A formulação de objectivos é uma das técnicas motivacionais mais eficazes na melhoria do desempenho e da produtividade (Bar-Eli et al., 1997). Tem sido por isso incluída em processos de avaliação de desempenho como o SIADAP. Caracterizámos os objectivos definidos na Divisão de Serviços de Produção dos SMTUC. Foram sujeitos a análise de conteúdo de onde resultaram 9 eixos: abrangência, dimensões comportamentais, exigência da tarefa, domínios de desempenho, foco, natureza dos objectivos, natureza das tarefas, realização, e responsabilidade. A fiabilidade inter-codificador foi 1. Os resultados mostram a prevalência de objectivos nas categorias contém componente cognitiva, desempenho de tarefa, e responsabilidade individual, seguidas dos objectivos de desempenho, tarefas específicas, actividades regulares, aproximação, resultado, um objectivo contém vários, comunicação e divergente. São discutidas as implicações e os resultados são analisados à luz da teoria. Verificámos que os objectivos definidos nos SMTUC podem ser melhorados, e que se encontram limitados pela legislação; ABSTRACT: Setting objectives is one of the most effective motivational techniques in improving performance and productivity (Bar-Eli et al., 1997). That´s why is being included in performance evaluation processes such SIADAP. We characterized the objectives defined in Production Services Division of SMTUC. They were subjected to content analysis of which resulted nine areas: coverage, behavioral dimensions, requirement of the task, performance areas, focus, nature of the objectives, nature of tasks, achievement, and responsibility. The inter-coder reliability was 1. The results show the prevalence of objectives in categories include cognitive component, task performance, and individual responsibility, followed by performance objectives, specific tasks, regular activities, performance-approach, result, one objective containing multiple, communication, and divergent. Implications are discussed and the results were analysed according to the theory. We found that the objectives defined in SMTUC can be improved, and are limited by SIADAP´s legislation.
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PADDEU, DANIELA. "Freight Transport and Logistics Assessment: a Model Proposed to Design Performance Indicators and Strategies to Improve Freight Transport Systems at Global and Urban Scale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249543.
Abstract:
Transport and logistics have been widely recognized at national and international level as key factors to improve mobility and to provide benefits to individuals and businesses. However they are main responsible for negative impacts towards the environment, which are more significant in urban areas due to the presence of human beings. For this reason, the design of a freight transportation system should be based on a careful design of each component, which should be studied and assessed (ex-ante and ex-post) in terms of its effectiveness with respect to the stakeholders’ needs and objectives. This can be achieved by considering quantitative indicators that enable the manager of the system firstly to understand if the activities are efficient and secondly to make decision aimed at improve the effectiveness of each activity and thus of the whole system. In fact, what can be measured, can be improved.
Based on the above considerations, this PhD thesis proposes a model to assess freight transport and logistics performance. In particular, the thesis analyses two important environments: (1) the supply chain environment, based on a firm-perspective; (2) the urban environment, based on a multi-stakeholder perspective. Due to the complexity of the considered systems, which involve different stakeholders with different needs and expectations, two models are proposed. They are designed by considering the same framework based on the same set of performance attributes, but on a different set of key performance indicators.
A case-study approach is used to test both models. In the first case, the supply chain of a manufacturer company based in Sardinia is considered. In the second case, the model is tested for both ex-ante and ex- post evaluation by analyzing two case studies: (1) the case of the Urban freight Consolidation Centre (UCC) serving the neighbouring cities of Bristol and Bath, UK (ex-post evaluation); (2) the potential implementation of a UCC serving the city of Cagliari, Italy (ex-ante evaluation).
The thesis does not aim to provide a comparison between the two models proposed, but wants to highlight how the effectiveness of a decision process is related to the analysis of the component to be assessed, which are very different depending on the system considered. The proposed models can be a useful tool for decision makers to evaluate their actions and to make decision at strategic, tactical and operational level. An in-depth analysis on city logistics schemes and on the barriers and drivers to their successful implementation is also provided. Considerations about limitations of the application of the proposed models and further research based on the results of this thesis are provided in the conclusions.
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Pereira, Brenda Medeiros. "Avaliação do desempenho de configurações físicas e operacionais de sistemas BRT." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28932.
Abstract:
Na última década, o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) consolidou-se como uma alternativa para qualificar o transporte urbano sobre pneus. Porém, como os elementos de projeto propiciam muita flexibilidade no conceito BRT é necessário que os projetistas tenham pleno entendimento deste sistema tão complexo. Sistemas prioritários para ônibus tipo BRT são ainda projetados com base em técnicas de tentativa e erro e em experiências bem sucedidas. A literatura especializada relata os efeitos de diversos elementos físico e operacionais no desempenho de sistemas ônibus, mas, geral, estes são representados de forma isolada. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito da combinação dos elementos no desempenho de um sistema BRT. Modelos computacionais permitem que os elementos que compõem as diferentes configurações dos sistemas BRT sejam testados de forma combinada e melhorias sejam sugeridas ainda em fase de planejamento. Esta dissertação contempla aplicações do software EMBARQ BRT Simulator em duas dimensões. A primeira demonstra o potencial de utilização da ferramenta de simulação através de dois estudos de caso onde foi testado o desempenho de corredores BRT em fase de projeto no Rio de Janeiro e Arequipa, Peru. Na segunda aplicação, 324 cenários estruturados através de um projeto de experimentos a partir de 6 diferentes elementos de projeto, foram simulados. Os resultados propiciaram o desenvolvimento de análises quantitativas e qualitativas. Através da análise qualitativa buscou-se um melhor entendimento da interação dos elementos de projeto. A análise quantitativa passou pela formulação de dois modelos de regressão que tem como variável de resposta a velocidade operacional do BRT. A pesquisa propiciou um melhor entendimento do impacto da combinação de elementos de projeto. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para reduzir o empirismo na formulação de novos projetos de BRT.In the last decade, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has established itself as an alternative to qualifying urban transit. However, as design elements provide much flexibility in the BRT concept, designers need to have full understanding of this so complex system. Bus priority systems for BRT are still being designed based on techniques of trial and error and successful experiences. The literature reports the effects of various physical and operational elements of bus systems that impact its performance, but in general these are represented isolated. Little is known about the effect of the combination of these elements in the performance of a BRT system. Computational models allow the assessment of the different configurations of BRT systems elements being tested in combination and suggest improvements at the planning stages. This study includes the application of the software EMBARQ BRT Simulator in two applications. The first demonstrates the potential of using simulation tools through two case studies where it was tested the performance of BRT corridors in the design phase in Rio de Janeiro and Arequipa, Peru. In the second application, 324 scenarios were simulated; they were created as a combination from six different design elements. The results led to the development of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through qualitative analysis it was possible a better understanding of the interaction of design elements. Quantitative analysis began by formulating two regression models whose dependent variable was the operating speed of BRT. The research provided a better understanding of the impact of the combination of design elements. It is hoped that the results contribute to reduce the empiricism in the formulation of new BRT projects.
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Aluko, Oluwasegun Oluyemi. "Understanding the safety performance of commercial motorcycles in urban transport using a system dynamics approach based on qualitative data." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8458/.
Abstract:
Para-transit modes generally offer important transport service in developing countries but are poorly regulated. Commercial motorcycle transport is one such essential service provided in many places across the world. It however has some problems of which poor safety record is chief. This research addresses the safety problem of commercial motorcycles from qualitative and systems perspectives. The aim is to identify and improve the understanding on how risk-taking-behaviour – a major cause of safety problems - is developed and learnt by the drivers. Risk-taking-behaviour is used to describe behaviours that can compromise safety which drivers often manifest as a result of the transport system’s characteristics. The aim is accomplished using two approaches: qualitative methods and system dynamics approach, based on qualitative and quantitative data collection. The research considers the choice of a typical medium city in Nigeria, Ado Ekiti, where commercial motorcycles are a major intra-city transport mode. Qualitative data was collected from stakeholders in the operation of commercial motorcycles and was used together with findings from the literature to obtain the description of the operation of this transport mode and to extract a list of influencing factors from which safety problems result. Key factors are found to relate to drivers’ characteristics, violation practices, enforcement and regulation, and training. While these factors are broad, the research is limited to how they contribute to drivers’ risk-taking behaviour. Further analysis of these factors’ interaction produces a set of propositions that describe the problem-causing structure within the system. These propositions deal with issues such as deterrence effect of enforcement operation, corruption in enforcement process, expensive motorcycle-acquisition problem, and drivers’ strenuous working condition, amidst others. These propositions make up the dynamic hypothesis for the system and are represented by a causal loop diagram. The dynamic hypothesis is then explored by formalising it into a quantitative model. This formalised model supports the dynamic hypothesis. The results of this research show that both the stock and flow model and the causal loop diagram might offer an opportunity for policy makers and stakeholders to better understand the structure and the dynamics of the commercial motorcycle drivers’ risk-taking-behaviour. Particularly, it shows that a mix of measures including improved enforcement of law is one main way by which driver behaviour can be improved.
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Miller, Peter Scott 1960. "PERFORMANCE OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276476.
Abstract:
An analysis of drainage channel stability in urbanizing watersheds was completed in this study for areas in Pima County, Arizona. Existing channel geometry and longitudinal slope were compared to original design channel geometry and longitudinal slope. Original design channels existed in undeveloped watersheds. Information on current amounts and types of development were gathered for each channel location as well as current channel geometry and longitudinal slope. The analysis of these data showed a significant relationship between basin urbanization and reduced channel stability.
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Yuce, Elif Can. "An Assessment Of The Planning And Operational Performance Of The Bus Rapid Transit In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615683/index.pdf.
Abstract:
In Turkey, the only city that currently operates BRT is Istanbul. There are researches that focus on different BRT systems in the world, yet there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the BRT experience in Istanbul. There seems to be an urgent need to study this BRT investment, with a particular focus on planning, operation and ridership characteristics with a comparative approach.
This thesis analyses the BRT corridor in Istanbul and answers the question whether Metrobüs in Istanbul is a success or not. In order to understand the criteria for defining success, planning, operation and ridership characteristics are identified based on the previous literature and particularly the analysis of three best practice cases that currently operate BRT
these are Curitiba, Bogota and Mexico City. The study sets the criteria in planning, operation and ridership of BRT systems drawn by previous studies and answers by people who were involved in these projects. It compares the best practice cases and the Istanbul Metrobü
s
focusing on planning and operation characteristics and using primary indicators of performance and ridership. The study reveals strength and weaknesses of the Istanbul Metrobü
s in comparison to best practice BRT cases in the world. The findings provide lessons both for the future extensions of the BRT in Istanbul and for other cities that may consider implementing this transit technology.
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Benarbia, Taha. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'analyse de performances des systèmes de vélos en libre-service en vue de leur régulation : " Une Approche basée sur les réseaux de Pétri"." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968678.
Abstract:
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse constitue une contribution originale à lamodélisation et à l'analyse de performances des systèmes de vélos en libre-service. De nombreuses villes en Europe ont suscité un intérêt considérable et un engouement à l'égard de ce nouveau mode de transport écologique (Vélib' à Paris, Vélov'v à Lyon, Bicing à Barcelone, ...) et dont les progrès technologiques ne cessent de les faire émerger dans les quatre coins dumonde. Contrairement aux systèmes de transport traditionnels, très peu d'étudesfondamentales ont été menées et pourtant, de nombreuses questions émergent, la principale étant celle d'un rééquilibrage (régulation) de la distribution de vélos dans les différentes stations afin de satisfaire au mieux les demandes des usagers. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit cette thèse de doctorat portant sur la modélisation, l'analyse et l'évaluation de performances de ce mode de transport en libre service. Ce travail, basé sur les réseaux de Petri, est d'une aide précieuse pour la mise en oeuvre, l'exploitation et la régulation de ce type de systèmes.La complexité dynamique de tels systèmes, perçus comme des systèmes à événements discrets, nous a conduit au développement d'une approche à base d'une classe particulière de réseaux de Petri stochastiques ayant des arcs à poids variables pertinents aussi bien pour l'analyse que pour la simulation. Un ensemble de modèles et de méthodes d'analyse associées sont développés en vue de leur régulation, en prenant en compte différents paramètres de décision qui les caractérisent notamment le nombre de stations, la capacité de chaque station, les seuils de régulation, la capacité des véhicules de régulation, le type et/ou la fréquence de régulation choisi (périodique ou continue), .... En plus d'être paramétrables, les modèles proposés permettent d'étudier plusieurs configurations en fonction de différents modes de fonctionnement possibles (mode sans régulation, mode avec régulation, mode dynamique, mode statique, etc). La présentation de cette thèse comporte plusieurs illustrations et applicationspermettant d'aider le lecteur à la compréhension du travail développé.A notre connaissance, il s'agit d'un premier travail du genre dans la littérature sur les réseaux de Petri et plus généralement, l'un des premiers sur les systèmes de vélos en libre-service.
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Rothfeld, Raoul Leander [Verfasser], Constantinos [Akademischer Betreuer] Antoniou, Kay W. [Gutachter] Axhausen, and Constantinos [Gutachter] Antoniou. "Agent-based Modelling and Simulation of Urban Air Mobility Operation : An Evaluation of Travel Times and Transport Performance / Raoul Leander Rothfeld ; Gutachter: Kay W. Axhausen, Constantinos Antoniou ; Betreuer: Constantinos Antoniou." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238374212/34.
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Simpson, Clare S. "A social history of women and cycling in late-nineteenth century New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1693.
Abstract:
In the final decade of the nineteenth-century, when New Zealand women began riding the bicycle, they excited intense public debate about contemporary middle-class ideals of femininity. The research question posed is: "why did women's cycling provoke such a strong outcry?" Three nineteenth-century cycling magazines, the New Zealand Wheelman, the New Zealand Cyclist, and the New Zealand Cyclists' Touring Club Gazette, were examined, along with numerous New Zealand and British contemporary sources on women's sport and recreation, etiquette, femininity, and gender roles. The context of the late-nineteenth century signifies a high point in the modernisation of Western capitalist societies, which is characterised in part by significant and widespread change in the roles of middle-class women. The bicycle was a product of modern ideas, designs, and technology, and eventually came to symbolise freedom in diverse ways. The dual-purpose nature of the bicycle (i.e., as a mode of transport and as a recreational tool) enabled women to become more physically and geographically mobile, as well as to pursue new directions in leisure. It afforded, moreover, increasing opportunities to meet and socialise with a wider range of male acquaintances, free from the restrictions of etiquette and the requirements of chaperonage. As a symbol of the 'New Woman', the bicycle graphically represented a threat to the proprieties governing the behaviour and movements of respectable middle-class women in public. The debates which arose in response to women's cycling focused on their conduct, their appearance, and the effects of cycling on their physical and moral well-being. Ultimately, these debates highlighted competing definitions of nineteenth-century middle-class femininity. Cycling presented two dilemmas for respectable women: how could they cycle and retain their respectability? and, should a respectable woman risk damaging herself, physically and morally, for such a capricious activity as cycling? Cyclists aspired to reconcile the ignominy of their conspicuousness on the bicycle with the social imperative to maintain an impression of middleclass respectability in public. The conceptual framework of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective is used to interpret the nature of heterosocial interactions between cyclists and their audiences. Nineteenth-century feminine propriety involved a set of performances, with both performers (cyclists) and audiences (onlookers) possessing shared understandings of how signals (impressions) ought to be given and received. Women on bicycles endeavoured to manage the impressions they gave off by carefully attending to their appearances and their behaviour, so that the audience would be persuaded to view them as respectable, despite the perception that riding a bicycle in public was risqué. In this way, women on bicycles attempted to redefine middle-class femininity. Women on bicycles became a highly visible, everyday symbol of the realities of modem life that challenged traditional gender roles and nineteenth-century formality. Cycling for New Zealand women in the 1890s thus played a key part in the transformation of nineteenth-century gender roles.
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Costa, Álvaro Fernando de Oliveira. "Organisational form and performance of urban public transport in Western European Cities." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11474.
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Costa, Álvaro Fernando de Oliveira. "Organisational form and performance of urban public transport in Western European Cities." Tese, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11474.
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Ebert, Sebastian. "Managerial Decisions and Performance in European Urban Public Transport - a Comparative Analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90756.
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Ebert, Sebastian. "Managerial Decisions and Performance in European Urban Public Transport - a Comparative Analysis." Tese, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90756.
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Costa, Cátia Sofia Oliveira da. "O Balanced Scorecard e os Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Um estudo de caso nos Transportes Urbanos de Braga." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11110/1291.
Abstract:
Com o aumento da importância dos valores intangíveis nas últimas décadas, em meados da década de 90 do século XX, Robert Kaplan e David Norton desenvolveram uma ferramenta que concilia os tradicionais indicadores financeiros e os não financeiros, conhecida por Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Trata-se de uma poderosa ferramenta de avaliação de desempenho e de gestão estratégica utilizada inicialmente no setor privado e, posteriormente, no setor público. Os Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), por sua vez, também são uma técnica de gestão. Esta funciona como vínculo de comunicação, facilitando a transmissão da visão e missão de uma organização, além disso, transmitem o desempenho organizacional. Neste contexto, os KPIs são essenciais para quantificar os objetivos, colocando-se como um dos passos fundamentais para a construção do BSC. Face ao exposto, o presente trabalho, através da revisão da literatura, traçou um panorama sobre os temas, com o objetivo de reestruturar o BSC e selecionar os KPIs numa organização de Transportes Públicos (TP). Para o efeito utilizamos a metodologia do estudo de caso nos Transportes Urbanos de Braga (TUB). Aquando da análise do BSC existente nos TUB identificou-se, como principais vantagens, o alinhamento organizacional e o apoio à gestão da organização e, como principais dificuldades, a falta de capacitação dos colaboradores e insuficiência no investimento em novas tecnologias. Constatamos que o BSC não está a ser implementado com sucesso visto a informação não estar a fluir em tempo oportuno. Este gap levou-nos a propor uma reestruturação ao BSC existente. Para reestruturar o BSC recolhemos informação através de entrevistas, da observação direta e da análise documental. Com isto, analisamos a estratégia através de modelos como a análise SWOT e as cinco forças de Porter, analisamos a rede de processos, os fatores críticos de sucesso, a missão, a visão e os valores dos TUB. Foi elaborado um novo mapa estratégico, adaptado ao setor público, onde são representadas as relações de causa e efeito entre as quatro perspetivas tradicionais propostas por Kaplan e Norton. Constatou-se a existência de um painel de indicadores de acordo com os objetivos da organização, no entanto, o mesmo mostrou-se bastante numeroso. Assim, foram selecionados os KPIs. Estes são utilizados como suporte a vários modelos de gestão, neste caso do BSC, sendo realizadas alterações aos indicadores pré-definidos pela organização. O estudo representa uma pequena contribuição para a investigação no setor dos TP. A proposta de reestruturação do mapa estratégico mostrou-se adequada à missão e aos objetivos estratégicos dos TUB. Os KPIs selecionados reverteram para uma rápida compreensão dos resultados estratégicos da organização. Estes revelaram-se importantes na análise estratégica dos TUB, bem como no alinhamento dos colaboradores com a missão da organização.
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Sacoor, Hussein Alikhan. "Sistema de apoio à decisão para melhoria da mobilidade urbana." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21994.
Abstract:
O Balanced Scorecard (BSC) é uma metodologia de gestão estratégica desenvolvida por Robert Kaplan
e David Norton, em meados da década de 90, que atualmente é vista como uma ferramenta para a
comunicação e execução da estratégia.
A presente investigação surgiu no âmbito do projeto FCT iLU - "Aprendizagem avançada em dados
urbanos com contexto situacional para otimização da mobilidade nas cidades", que envolve uma
parceria com o INESC-IST, o LNEC e a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (CML), e no qual o objetivo é a
aplicação do BSC para avaliar, de acordo com uma visão holística, a mobilidade na cidade de Lisboa.
A mobilidade urbana sustentável é um grande desafio para as cidades sendo necessário
investimento num sistema integrado e multimodal de transportes, definir políticas urbanísticas e de
ordenamento do território de forma a melhorar o uso e ocupação do espaço, potenciar a utilização de
transportes públicos e mobilidade suave, reestruturar as interfaces dos transportes públicos e
introduzir soluções descarbonizadas.
Devido à complexidade de elaborar um BSC que compreenda todas estas necessidades
juntamente com os diversos modos de transporte para a CML, esta investigação focou-se no serviço
de transporte público da CARRIS.
Os dados utilizados para a realização deste trabalho foram provenientes de uma leitura extensa
de documentos públicos e análise documental do que está publicado do ponto de vista estratégico. O
desenvolvimento do BSC contou também com o apoio de peritos nas áreas de gestão estratégica e
mobilidade e transportes, partilhando diferentes pontos de vista.The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management methodology developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, in the mid-1990s, which is currently seen as a tool for communicating and executing the strategy. The present dissertation was developed in the context of the iLU FCT project - "Advanced learning in urban data with a situational context for optimizing mobility in cities", which involves a partnership with INESC-IST, LNEC and the Lisbon City Council (CML), and in which the objective is the application of the BSC to assess, according to a holistic view, the mobility in the city of Lisbon. Sustainable urban mobility is a major challenge for cities requiring investment in an integrated and multimodal transport system, to define urban policies and spatial planning in order to improve land consumption, to enhance the use of public transport and smooth mobility, to restructure public transport interfaces and to introduce decarbonized solutions. Due to the complexity of developing a BSC that embraces all these needs together with the different modes of transport for CML, this dissertation has focused on the CARRIS public transport service. The data used for this work came from an extensive reading of public documents and document analysis of what is published from a strategic point of view. The development of the BSC was also supported by experts in the areas of strategic management and mobility and transportation, sharing different points of view.
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Bougueddach, Khadija. "L'alignement des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au contexte stratégique et la performance : cas des chauffeurs dans les sociétés de transport en commun au Québec." Thèse, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/581/1/24109213.pdf.
Abstract:
Nombreux sont les chercheurs qui se sont intéressés à l'alignement des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines à la stratégie d'affaire. Les validations empiriques restent, cependant, moins nombreuses.
En effet, une panoplie d'approches, théoriquement aussi bien argumentées les unes que les autres, servent de filtre conceptuel à plusieurs études empiriques réalisées au cours de la dernière décennie.
Bien que les résultats de ces études confirment la présence de lien entre les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et l'accroissement de la performance, peu de chercheurs ont pris en considération à la fois plusieurs pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et plusieurs indicateurs de performance (économique et sociale).
La présente étude a été réalisée auprès des 9 sociétés qui constituent le réseau des sociétés de transport en commun au Québec. Elle cherche, à travers une analyse des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines appliquées aux chauffeurs, à étudier la relation entre l'alignement de ces pratiques à la stratégie d'affaire et la performance économique et sociale réalisée par ces sociétés.
31
Gago, Ana Cristina Moreira Azevedo do. "Qualidade e desempenho na perspetiva do cliente interno: um estudo de caso aplicado aos Transportes Urbanos de Braga." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42843.
Abstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Administração PúblicaA vantagem competitiva das organizações assenta, cada vez mais, na capacidade das empresas encontrarem novas soluções e direcionarem o seu capital humano, com todas as suas competências e talentos, para a procura dessas soluções e para a concretização dos seus objetivos. Os aspetos mais relevantes pretendem-se com os serviços prestados internamente, aos próprios colegas de trabalho, numa relação cliente-fornecedor interno. Empregando um “design” de estudo de caso aplicado aos Transportes Urbanos de Braga (TUB), a presente investigação tem como principal objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento do cliente interno, identificando a relevância das dimensões que contribuem para a qualidade de serviço e sua influência no desempenho individual. Adotando uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa de raiz positivista, a vertente empírica deste estudo decorre da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário aos colaboradores dos TUB. O estudo recorre à literatura da gestão da qualidade refletindo o contributo do marketing de serviços e da gestão pública. Neste contexto, o conceito de qualidade de serviço foi operacionalizado empregando a escala proposta por Avinandan Mukherjee Neeru Mallhotra (2006), que resulta de uma adaptação da escala SERVQUAL desenvolvida por Zeithaml, Parasuraman e Berry (1990). Para operacionalizar o conceito de desempenho individual, utilizou-se a escala de Koopmans et al (2013). Os resultados obtidos revelam que os colaboradores dos TUB apresentam níveis de perceção da qualidade bastante elevados. Destaca-se a dimensão da capacidade de resposta em detrimento da confiabilidade, ou seja, destaca-se a rapidez e exatidão da resposta e evidenciam-se um conjunto de recomendações visando reforçar a prestação de um serviço, bem efetuado à primeira. A variação da perceção da qualidade dos colaboradores é explicada, em 90,4% pela totalidade das suas dimensões, sendo a dimensão da garantia, a que melhor contribui para a determinação da perceção da qualidade dos colaboradores dos TUB. De referir que, apenas a empatia, enquanto dimensão da perceção da qualidade é significativa para o desempenho individual. Estes resultados sugerem que só através da empatia, da capacidade de fornecer atenção individualizada aos colegas de trabalho, revela capacidade para explicar o desempenho individual de forma significativa, nos TUB.
The competitive advantage of the organizations relies, increasingly, on the ability of the companies to find new solutions and guide their human resources, with all their skills and abilities, to search for these solutions and to achieve its goals. The most relevant aspects comprise the services provided internally to its own co-workers, in a customer- internal supplier relationship. Using a design case study applied to the Braga Urban Transports services (BUT), this research aims to contribute to the internal customer knowledge, identifying the relevance of the dimensions that contribute to the quality of service and its influence on individual performance. A positivism research methodology was adopted, with a quantitative approach, the empirical side of this study occurs using a survey to BUT employees. The study appeals to the quality management literature reflecting the contribute of the services marketing and of the public management. In this context the concept of quality of service was operated using the scale proposed by Avinandan Mukherjee Neeru Malhotra (2006), which results from an adaptation of the SERVQUAL scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1990). To operationalize the concept of individual performance, it was used the scale of Koopmans et al. (2013). The results obtained reveal that the TUB employees present very high levels of quality awareness. The dimension of responsiveness is highlighted in detriment of reliability, i.e., the speed and accuracy of the response, and a set of recommendations become clear to reinforce the providing of a well done service. The employees’ quality awareness is explained in 90,4% for all of its dimensions, and the warranty dimension gives the best contribution to determine the quality perceived of the BUT employees. Only empathy, as a dimension of the quality perceived is significant for individual performance. This means that only through empathy, the ability to provide individualized attention to co-workers, shows ability to explain individual performance significantly, in the BUT.
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Marques, Joana Isabel Pereira. "Estudo da eficiência do modelo de recolha de resíduos urbanos indiferenciados no concelho de Penacova." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38785.
Abstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia do Ambiente apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.O sistema de recolha e transporte de resíduos urbanos constitui um desafio para a gestão dos serviços de Limpeza e Resíduos dos municípios, atualmente supervisionados pela Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Águas e Resíduos, que impõe a conciliação do controlo de custos com exigências ao nível da qualidade ambiental. Este trabalho analisa a gestão dos resíduos urbanos indiferenciados no município de Penacova, localizado na região centro de Portugal. Na primeira parte faz-se o levantamento de dados sobre: i) quantidade recolhida de resíduos e entregue na estação de tratamento mecânico e biológico de Vil de Matos, a norte de Coimbra e ii) custos com a gestão do serviço de recolha e transporte. Na segunda parte faz-se o tratamento de dados para a obtenção de indicadores capazes de avaliar o desempenho do sistema de recolha e transporte, nomeadamente: quilómetros por tonelada de resíduos recolhidos, litros de combustível por tonelada de resíduos recolhidos, capacidade de deposição disponível por habitante, número de contentores por alojamento, capitação de resíduos e dos custos, custo por tonelada de resíduos recolhidos. Ao mesmo tempo é feita a comparação dos indicadores obtidos com os de outros municípios da região. Na terceira parte é apresentada uma proposta de recolha porta a porta, parcial ou total e feita uma análise técnica e económica na perspetiva da sua implementação a curto prazo. Deste estudo, concluiu-se que o atual modelo de recolha e transporte de resíduos urbanos indiferenciados do município de Penacova tem margem para ser melhorado. As propostas apresentadas melhoram significativamente o serviço em termos de poupanças económicas com o gasto em combustível. A metodologia adotada neste estudo pode servir como guia para ajudar outros municípios a analisar e a melhorar a eficiência de recolha para que possam atingir as metas estabelecidas pelo PERSU 2020.
The collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is a challenge for the municipal waste management, presently supervised by the National Regulatory Authority for Water and Waste Services, which request the compromise between costs control and environmental quality. This paper analyses the unsorted municipal solid waste management of Penacova’s district, located in the centre of Portugal. Firstly, it is conducted a data survey on: i) amount of waste collected and delivered to the mechanical and biological treatment plant located at Vil de Matos, in the north of Coimbra and ii) costs of the waste collection and transportation. Secondly the database is organised in indicators able to assess the performance of waste collection and transportation service, comprising: kilometres per tonne collected, litres of fuel per tonne collected, waste storage capacity per capita, number of bins for the number of apartments, waste production and cost management per capita, cost per tonne collected. Furthermore these indicators are compared to others from close municipalities. Finally a global and partial door to door collection and transport service are presented and a technical and economic analysis are provided pursuing a future implementation. This study reveals that the current model for collecting and transportation of unsorted municipal wastes in Penacova has a moderate range for improvement. The proposals presented allow to reduce the costs with fuel. The methodology adopted in this study could be a guide to be used by other municipalities to analyse and improve the efficiency of collection and transportation in order to achieve the goals set by PERSU 2020.