Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transporting gas or liquid

Academic literature on the topic 'Transporting gas or liquid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

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Hartsfield, T. M., R. K. Schulze, B. M. La Lone, J. J. Charonko, J. E. Hammerberg, J. D. Regele, M. M. Schauer, et al. "The temperatures of ejecta transporting in vacuum and gases." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 19 (May 21, 2022): 195104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087212.

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In this work, we measure continuous thermal radiance from evolving clouds of liquid metal fragments ejected into vacuum, nonreactive, and reactive gas. We implement a model for the thermalization of the ejecta and gas and use this to constrain the absolute temperature of the ejecta cloud. This model enables further analyses of ejecta thermal behavior under a variety of conditions.
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Akintola, Sarah, Emmanuel Folorunsho, and Oluwakunle Ogunsakin. "FLOW ASSURANCE IN KUMUJE WET-GAS PIPELINE: ANALYSIS OF PIGGING SOLUTION TO LIQUID ACCUMULATION." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2018.09.09.

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Liquid condensation in gas-condensate pipelines in a pronounced phenomenon in long transporting lines because of the composition of the gas which is highly sensitive to variations in temperature and pressure along the length of the pipeline. Hence, there is a resultant liquid accumulation in onshore wet-gas pipelines because of the pipeline profile. This accumulation which is a flow assurance problem can result to pressure loss, slugging and accelerated pipeline corrosion if not properly handled.
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Davitashvili, Teimuraz. "On liquid phase hydrates formation in pipelines in the course of gas non-stationary flow." E3S Web of Conferences 230 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123001006.

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Nowadays, when the emphasis is on alternative means of energy, natural gas is still used as an efficient and convenient fuel both in the home (for heating buildings and water, cooking, drying and lighting) and in industry together with electricity. In industrial terms, gas is one of the main sources of electricity generation in both developed and developing countries. Pipelines are the most popular means of transporting natural gas domestically and internationally. The main reasons for the constipation of gas pipelines are the formation of hydrates, freezing of water plugs, pollution, etc. It is an urgent task to take timely measures against the formation of hydrates in the pipeline. To stop gas hydrate formation in gas transporting pipelines, from existing methods the mathematical modelling with hydrodynamic method is more acceptable. In this paper the problem of prediction of possible points of hydrates origin in the main pipelines taking into consideration gas non-stationary flow and heat exchange with medium is studied. For solving the problem the system of partial differential equations governing gas non-stationary flow in main gas pipeline is investigated. The problem solution for gas adiabatic flow is presented.
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Kadri, Usama. "Prediction of Gas-Pulsation Frequency To Reduce Slug Length in Gas/Liquid Horizontal-Pipe Flow." SPE Journal 20, no. 03 (June 15, 2015): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/172996-pa.

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Summary Very long slugs reaching several hundreds of pipe diameters may appear when transporting gas and liquid in horizontal pipes. Such slugs may cause serious operational and system failures. One could avoid the long slugs by pulsating the gas phase at the inlet at a specific range of frequencies. The present paper provides a simplified mathematical expression for the optimum gas-pulsation frequency. Predictions of the pulsation frequency for different flow conditions and pipe diameters are presented. Comparisons with available experiments are satisfactory.
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Abdul-Ameer, Maha R., and Mohammed M. Daway. "Pressure Changes in Pipe Transporting Mixture of Iraqi Crude Oils (Gathering System)." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 90–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v4i3.119.

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A study has been done to represent the pressure changes along gathering system in pipelines transporting Iraqi's crude oils; the study is divided into four parts. The first part represents the calculations of pressure drop in pipelines transporting petroleum fluid from the well head to a gathering point. In this part, there is a two-phase flow (gas and liquid). The calculations of pressure change in this part depends upon determination of some properties such as liquid and gas density, liquid and gas viscosity, liquid hold up and friction factor. Determining the liquid hold up and then pressure drop are achieved using two methods, the first method is modified Beggs and Brill correlation, depending on three assumed flow patterns. The second is Aziz et al. correlation, depending on three flow patterns also but are different to that of modified Beggs and Brill. While a method of Colebrook used in determination of two-phase friction factor. The results of two-phase flow calculations show that modified Beggs and Brill correlation (having error of 0.26%) better than Aziz et al. correlation (having error of 0.55%). In the second part there are calculations of pressure change in liquid flow in a pipeline from the gathering point to the first stage of separators. In this part Colebrook correlation is used to determine the friction factor, Brill and Mukherjee method is used for calculation of pressure change. Mukherjee and Brill method gave good results with respect to the pressure drop of flow in the axial pipeline after the gathering point of the actual field data. The third part deals with the networking in pipelines, types of gathering systems presented and discussed, the calculations of pressure change in a simple gathering system is studied. The fourth part discusses optimization techniques; Constrained Rosenbrock is used to find optimum pressure which gives favorable oil properties. They have been achieved with some assumptions; they are: Minimum Produced gas oil ratio. Minimum formation volume factor. Maximum API gravity. Finally, two computer programs are developed. Each program performs all the calculations of the four parts. The first program is developed using FORTRAN language, while the second is developed using Visual Basic language.
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Rudenko, Mikhail Fedorovich, Yulia Victorovna Shipulina, and Alexandra Mikhailovna Rudenko. "Using low-temperature technologies to prevent emergency situations at sea and rivers during extraction, production and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2020, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2020-1-7-12.

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The paper highlights the chemically hazardous objects of marine and river infrastructure: offshore drilling platforms and oil production platforms; pipelines transporting liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fuels along the sea bottom and above the ground; marine tankers transporting oil, fuel oil, gaseous and liquid ammonia; coastal terminals handling and shipping hydrocarbon raw materials, distillation products; gas producing plants and oil refineries; storage facilities for chemi-cally hazardous substances, etc. There are proposed new technologies for combating oil emissions during deep-water drilling, as well as for safe ways of transporting hydrocarbons through subsea pipelines and by oil tankers. These technologies are based on the methods of using low-temperature freons and cryogenic liquids. There are considered the methods of using machine cooling technologies, where the cascade refrigeration units work on various refrigerants, as well as using solid carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen having a low boiling point (about minus 196C) has a higher rate of seawater freezing and forms stable ice layers on flat and cylindrical surfaces. There are given the examples of the experimental data to determine the growth rate of ice in the water frozen by liquid nitrogen. There has been given the chart of an underwater cryo-cuvette consisting of a metal panel with sockets, heat-insulated barrels, a tank for storing liquid nitrogen, a nozzle for filling the cryoagent, adjusting eyebolts, an object for freezing and transportation, and a safety valve. The underwater cryo-cuvette is designed to work with barrel-shaped objects. Envi-ronmental safety of transportation and production of natural hydrocarbon raw materials is signifi-cantly improved in the course of operation of the new technologies.
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Jiang, Linglin, Houlin Liu, Yong Wang, Yanhong Mao, Runze Zhou, and Jianbin Gu. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Gas Volume Fraction on the Cavitation Performance of a Low-Specific-Speed Centrifugal Pump." Water 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050798.

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In order to study the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps with low specific speeds under the condition of gas–liquid two-phase flow, a cavitation test rig for pumping gas–liquid two-phase flow was set up. The cavitation performance of the pump with a specific speed of 32 was studied. The variation of the head, pressure pulsation intensity, and vibration intensity with the cavitation allowance NPSHa (Net Positive Suction Head available) of the centrifugal pump were obtained at different inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) conditions of 0, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The results show that the cavitation performance of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump can be improved obviously in a certain liquid flow range when the IGVF is 1%, especially at a low liquid flow rate. When cavitation did not occur or the degree of cavitation was low, a lower IGVF can reduce pressure pulsation intensity at the pump outlet and the vibration intensity at the pump inlet under design flow rate and high flow rate conditions. Additionally, all performances of the low-specific-speed pump are more sensitive to gas when the liquid flow rate is low. The results can provide a reference for improving the cavitation performance of low-specific-speed pumps for transporting gas–liquid two-phase flow and single-phase liquids.
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Vorhauer, Nicole, Haashir Altaf, Evangelos Tsotsas, and Tanja Vidakovic-Koch. "Pore Network Simulation of Gas-Liquid Distribution in Porous Transport Layers." Processes 7, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090558.

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Pore network models are powerful tools to simulate invasion and transport processes in porous media. They are widely applied in the field of geology and the drying of porous media, and have recently also received attention in fuel cell applications. Here we want to describe and discuss how pore network models can be used as a prescriptive tool for future water electrolysis technologies. In detail, we suggest in a first approach a pore network model of drainage for the prediction of the oxygen and water invasion process inside the anodic porous transport layer at high current densities. We neglect wetting liquid films and show that, in this situation, numerous isolated liquid clusters develop when oxygen invades the pore network. In the simulation with narrow pore size distribution, the volumetric ratio of the liquid transporting clusters connected between the catalyst layer and the water supply channel is only around 3% of the total liquid volume contained inside the pore network at the moment when the water supply route through the pore network is interrupted; whereas around 40% of the volume is occupied by the continuous gas phase. The majority of liquid clusters are disconnected from the water supply routes through the pore network if liquid films along the walls of the porous transport layer are disregarded. Moreover, these clusters hinder the countercurrent oxygen transport. A higher ratio of liquid transporting clusters was obtained for greater pore size distribution. Based on the results of pore network drainage simulations, we sketch a new route for the extraction of transport parameters from Monte Carlo simulations, incorporating pore scale flow computations and Darcy flow.
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Zhang, Fan, Martin Böhle, and Shouqi Yuan. "Experimental investigation on the performance of a side channel pump under gas–liquid two-phase flow operating condition." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231, no. 7 (June 2, 2017): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917713090.

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Side channel pump is a kind of small volume vane pump with low flow rate but high head and most side channel pumps can transport gas–liquid two-phase flow. In order to investigate the performance of this type of pump depending on the blade suction angle under gas–liquid two-phase flow operating condition, an experimental study has been carried out. The head and efficiency curves, and the influence of blade suction angle changes on these curves for different inlet gas volume fraction states are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the gas transporting capability of the impeller with three different blade suction angles (10°, 20°, 30°) are also compared. The results show that the head and efficiency performances of the three impellers decrease a large value when the side channel pump operates with a little gas inside, and the operating range narrows as well. With the increasing of inlet gas volume fraction, the performance of the side channel pump worsens. The head and efficiency performances in the single-phase state improve by increasing the blade suction angle, but decrease by increasing the blade suction angle in the gas–liquid two-phase flow state. The maximum gas transporting capability of the impeller with a small blade suction angle is better than a large blade suction angle. Analysis on the measured data allows a better understanding of the effect of inlet gas quantity on the performance of the side channel pump with different blade suction angles, and it could supply the design reference for two-phase flow side channel pumps.
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Serbout, Sanae, Laurent Maxit, and Frédéric Michel. "Vibration of a stiffened pipe filled with a bubbly liquid: analysis of resonance frequencies in function of bubble fraction." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1730.

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The characterization of the presence of bubbles in industrial fluid circuits may be extremely important for many safety issuses. It is well known that the acoustic properties of liquids can be drastically modified by a small amount of gaz content in the liquid. At sufficiently low frequencies, the speed of sound depends primarily on the gas volume fraction. The variation of the gas fraction may then induce some variations in the vibroacoustic behavior of the pipe transporting the liquid. Analysis of the pipe vibrations can then help in the monitoring of the bubble presence. In such a context, the aim of this study is to show how the the presence of bubbles in the liquid could affect the resonance frequencies of the pipe. A numerical vibroacoustical model has been developed to predict the vibroacoustical behavior of a stiffened cylindrical shell filled with a bubbly liquid exhibiting low frequency resonances. The model, experimentally verified with a well-characterized bubbly liquid, is then used to analyse the frequency shifts of the shell resonances in function of the bubble. Keywords : pipe, heavy fluid, numerical modelling, circumferential admittance approach, cylindrical shell, resonance frequency, void fraction
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

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Aldred, Matthew P. "Charge-transporting and electroluminescent liquid crystals for organic light-emitting diodes." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415806.

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Jean, Rong-Her. "Hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer in liquid-solid and gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596807822292.

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Odozi, Utomi Ayodele. "Three-phase gas/liquid/liquid slug flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8444.

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Zidan, M. D. "Gas-liquid surface interactions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333478.

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Song, Gyung-Ho. "Hydrodynamics and interfacial gas-liquid mass transfer of gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487599963590971.

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Lei, Pan. "High pressure three-phase (gas/liquid/liquid) flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7204.

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Singh, Jaswant. "Gas entrainment by liquid sprays." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432173.

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Jensen, Anne-Lise B. "Models of gas-liquid solubilities." Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9616/.

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A recent method for phase equilibria, the AGAPE method, has been used to predict activity coefficients and excess Gibbs energy for binary mixtures with good accuracy. The theory, based on a generalised London potential (GLP), accounts for intermolecular attractive forces. Unlike existing prediction methods, for example UNIFAC, the AGAPE method uses only information derived from accessible experimental data and molecular information for pure components. Presently, the AGAPE method has some limitations, namely that the mixtures must consist of small, non-polar compounds with no hydrogen bonding, at low moderate pressures and at conditions below the critical conditions of the components. Distinction between vapour-liquid equilibria and gas-liquid solubility is rather arbitrary and it seems reasonable to extend these ideas to solubility. The AGAPE model uses a molecular lattice-based mixing rule. By judicious use of computer programs a methodology was created to examine a body of experimental gas-liquid solubility data for gases such as carbon dioxide, propane, n-butane or sulphur hexafluoride which all have critical temperatures a little above 298 K dissolved in benzene, cyclo-hexane and methanol. Within this methodology the value of the GLP as an ab initio combining rule for such solutes in very dilute solutions in a variety of liquids has been tested. Using the GLP as a mixing rule involves the computation of rotationally averaged interactions between the constituent atoms, and new calculations have had to be made to discover the magnitude of the unlike pair interactions. These numbers have been seen as significant in their own right in the context of the behaviour of infinitely-dilute solutions. A method for extending this treatment to "permanent" gases has also been developed. The findings from the GLP method and from the more general AGAPE approach have been examined in the context of other models for gas-liquid solubility, both "classical" and contemporary, in particular those derived from equations-of-state methods and from reference solvent methods.
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Khor, Siew Hiang. "Three-phase liquid-liquid-gas stratified flow in pipelines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8714.

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Pan, Jin. "Gas Entrainment in Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Slug Flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516177.

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Books on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

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Stewart, Maurice. Gas-liquid and liquid-liquid separators. Burlington, MA: Gulf Professional, 2009.

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Azzopardi, B. J. Gas-liquid flows. New York, NY: Begell House, 2005.

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Azzopardi, B. J. Gas-liquid flows. New York: Begell House, 2006.

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Hewitt, Sally. Solid, liquid or gas? London: Franklin Watts, 2007.

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Gas-liquid-solid chromatography. New York: M. Dekker, 1991.

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Solid, liquid, or gas? Chicago: Childrens Press, 1995.

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Hewitt, Sally. Solid, liquid, or gas? New York: Children's Press, 1998.

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N, Kulov N., ed. Gas (vapor) liquid systems. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1996.

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Vilma, Ortiz, ed. Water: Liquid, solid, gas. Bothell, WA: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Fan, Liang-Shih. Gas-liquid-solid fluidization engineering. Boston: Butterworths, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

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Concha A., Fernando. "Transporting Concentrates and Tailings." In Solid-Liquid Separation in the Mining Industry, 373–429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02484-4_11.

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Osher, Stanley, and Ronald Fedkiw. "Liquid-Gas Interactions." In Applied Mathematical Sciences, 223–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22746-6_20.

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Pomeranz, Yeshajahu, and Clifton E. Meloan. "Gas—Liquid Chromatography." In Food Analysis, 366–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6998-5_23.

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Behnke, Wolfgang, Manfred Elend, Christian George, Heinz-Ulrich Kröger, Volker Scheer, and Cornelius Zetzsch. "Gas—Liquid Interactions." In Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes, 153–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61445-3_6.

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Dencic, Ivana, and Volker Hessel. "Gas-Liquid Reactions." In Microreactors in Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, 221–88. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527659722.ch9.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Gas-Liquid Chromatography." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 336. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5434.

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Tapio, Salmi, Mikkola Jyri-Pekka, and Wärnå Johan. "Gas–Liquid Reactors." In Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology, 248–93. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200118-7.

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Benmoussat, A., and M. Traisnel. "Corrosion Study of API 5L X60 Gas Pipelines Steels in NS4 Simulated Soil." In Integrity of Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons, 167–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0588-3_12.

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Xie, Kan, Xinmin Chen, Junwei Li, and Yu Liu. "Gas–Liquid Fluidic Throat." In Fluidic Nozzle Throats in Solid Rocket Motors, 135–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6439-6_6.

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Chaves, Iván Darío Gil, Javier Ricardo Guevara López, José Luis García Zapata, Alexander Leguizamón Robayo, and Gerardo Rodríguez Niño. "Gas–Liquid Separation Operations." In Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering, 241–342. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14812-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

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Takamasa, Tomoji, and Takashi Hibiki. "Recent Progress in the Studies of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows at Microgravity Conditions." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45662.

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In a thermal system of spacecraft, two-phase flow system now is an excellent alternative to the conventional single-phase system in transporting large amount of thermal energy at a uniform temperature regardless of variations in the heat loads. In addition, two-phase flows exist in a wide range of applications and enabling technologies in space. This report outlines recent progress in the studies of gas-liquid two-phase flows at microgravity conditions, especially for which regarding to interfacial area transport and drift flux.
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Wang, Kai, and Qingping Li. "Heat Transfer Modeling and Application of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Partially-Buried Pipeline." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11453.

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For the deepwater partially-buried pipeline transporting wet natural gas, a mechanistic heat transfer model is developed, and the temperature profile behaviors and corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) length of deepwater pipelines of Liwan3-1 gas field are studied by numerical simulation. The result shows that for a critical temperature of 23 °C, all production flowlines should be used CRA, and the CRA length of the tieback pipeline is recommended to be 1.5 km. There are significant differences of temperature drop between the mechanistic and linear models.
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Moon, Youn-Wook, Narakorn Srinil, and Jong-Chun Park. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Severe Gas-Liquid Slugging Flows in S-Shaped Riser." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95459.

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Abstract S-shaped riser may be used for connecting a subsea well and floating platform for the multiphase oil-gas flow transportation. A buoyancy module is installed in the longitudinal direction of the riser section enabling a hog and sag bend arrangement. This design offers a solution to decouple motion from the boundaries and lower the riser stresses. There is an increasing tendency to implement S-shaped risers for offshore platforms operating in deep waters or harsh environments. However, a generic S shape may cause a terrain-induced, severe slugging under certain practical operational/geometrical conditions and flow rates. This phenomenon leads to unstable and intermittent slug flows creating fluctuations of pressure, fluid fraction and velocity components. In this paper, the flow pattern characteristics and formation process of a severe slugging in an S-shaped rigid riser transporting the liquid-gas flows are studied using 3-D computational fluid dynamics simulations based on a finite volume method. Numerical results are validated by comparing with experimental results in the literature. Severe slugging behaviors are presented and discussed.
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Asante, Ben. "Two Phase Flow: Accounting for the Presence of Liquids in Gas Pipeline Design." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0546.

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Multiphase flow of gas and low loads of liquids occurs frequently in natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines for both onshore and offshore operations. Literature and experimental investigations indicate that dispersed droplet and stratified flow patterns are obtained when gas and small quantities of liquids flow concurrently in a pipe. Very few correlations exist for the prediction of holdup and pressure drop for these systems and fewer still give satisfactory results. Experimental studies for air-oil and airwater systems flowing through small diameter plastic and steel horizontal pipes ranging in size from 1-inch to 3-inches were performed. The experiments were carried out at the multiphase flow laboratories of Imperial College in London and the University of Calgary in Canada. Data from actual operating gas pipeline systems transporting small amounts of hydrocarbon liquids were also evaluated. Based on the experimental results and the operating data, two approaches for modeling these systems are proposed: 1) A homogeneous approach for very low liquid loads (holdups up to 0.005), typical in gas transmission systems. A friction factor correlation based on the holdup has been developed for this flow regime. 2) A mechanistic stratified two-phase approach for higher liquid loads (holdups greater than 0.005) usually found in gas gathering systems with consideration given to: a) The reduction in the available flow area and extent of wetting of the pipe perimeter by the liquid film. The gas/liquid interface was observed to be either flat or curved. b) The interfacial friction factor between the liquid film and the gas. A new correlation based on the liquid and gas Reynolds numbers as well as the film thickens and hold up has been developed. This correlation has been successfully tested against both experimental and actual pipeline operating data.
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Olson, Sven. "Liquid Unloading with Multiphase Pumping." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211875-ms.

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Abstract In production of natural gas, often liquids (water and condensate) tend to collect in the production tubing of a typical gas well. Additionally, with horizontal wells stretching thousands of feet the liquids including flow back liquids get trapped in low laying sections and in the toe and heel of the tubing. When the gas flow velocity drops below critical velocity as result of drop in natural pressure, the liquids cannot escape the tubing and finally blocks the gas flow. In typical tight formations the wells natural pressure drops quickly, sometime in just months after start-up. As result the well will shut in or behave erratically with surging and slugging as result. Present methods using plungers, velocity strings, gas lift or ESP's are sometimes inefficient or need low back pressure to work which require blow down tanks, venting or flaring. Multiphase pumping has taken giant leaps since it was first introduced to the industry in the mid 1990s. The technology has received recognition in supporting oil and gas production from declining assets as well as being a tool to support and enhance the effectiveness of artificial lift systems of different types. Today more than thousand pumps are installed in onshore conventional as well as shale and tight formations, in steam assisted heavy oil production, topsides on platforms and subsea in deep water plays all over the world. From limited size pumps with a few hundred HP to large units with way over thousand HP, now some are in parallel operation to boost an entire oil field. Multiphase pumping has shown to provide great benefits to the operator as a tool for boosting and enhancing recovery from low-pressure reservoirs, minimizing topside facilities and comply with ESG considerations as well as significantly extending and accelerating oil and gas recovery. (Ref 4) Boosting with multiphase pumps is an efficient tool for continuous plateau production and for transporting the untreated or comingled well flow from the production pad to the process facility. The hydrocarbon production returns are essentially determined by the efficiency and capacity of the artificial lift system. When a surface installed multiphase pump is lowering the tubing and annulus gas pressure, it is possible to make the down-hole pumps, plungers or gas lift work under best possible conditions and thereby improving performance and reliability, which enhance production and the ultimate recovery from the formation.
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Deng, Daoming, and Jing Gong. "Prediction of Transient Behaviors of Gas-Condensate Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines With Low Liquid Loading." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10203.

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Transporting natural gas and gas condensate in a long distance pipeline occurs frequently during the development of offshore or desert gas condensate and/or oil fields. However, the thermohydraulic calculation of gas-condensate pipeline, especially transient flow simulation, is hitherto a challenging issue in the pipeline industry on account of a maze of complexities of pipeline undulation, changeable properties of fluid, and transfer of momentum, mass and heat. This study is intended to predict the transient flow behavior in gas-condensate pipelines. In the paper, a hydraulic and thermodynamic (such as phase behavior and properties) model for the analysis of transient gas-condensate two-phase flow in pipelines with low liquid loading is outlined. The hydraulic model is based on simplified “No Pressure Wave” model where the constitutive relation results from the Ottens et al (2001) correlation. An implicit method, the convergence and stability of which have been verified by example calculations, is utilized to solve the transient flow model equations of gas-condensate pipelines. In the end, the transient performances of low-liquid-loading gas-condensate two-phase non-isothermal flow in undulating pipelines, which are subjected to boundary conditions of increasing or decreasing inlet flow rate and specified outlet pressure with time, are numerically investigated. The results, such as pressure and liquid holdup profiles vs. time, and time evolutions of outlet condensate flow rate and accumulated liquid content etc., show that the presented model and numerical method for analyzing gas-condensate transient flow behaviors in pipelines looks reasonable.
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Kansao, Rabih, Euro Casanova, Armando Blanco, Frank Kenyery, and Mayela Rivero. "Fatigue Life Prediction Due to Slug Flow in Extra Long Submarine Gas Pipelines." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-58005.

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Some offshore production fields require transporting of production fluids through very long submarines pipelines without a previous separation process. In the case of gas production, condensate will appear in the pipeline due to the pressure losses and low temperatures. For some production conditions a slug flow pattern may then develop in the pipeline, and because of the irregular sea bottom profile, there may be pipe unsupported spans of even hundreds of meters long. Therefore, slugs traveling in the pipeline will act as moving loads for the unsupported pipe, producing a dynamic response that in some cases might reduce the fatigue life of the pipeline. In this work, a finite element (FE) model of a pipeline transporting slugs has been developed and used to assess the fatigue life of a horizontal pipeline. Slug hydrodynamic characteristics have been obtained using Taitel & Barnea’s model. The structural FE model is based in Bernoulli beam elements where slugs, once they have been geometrically characterized, are input as moving loads traveling in the pipeline. The system dynamic response was calculated for different spans conditions and slugs characteristics corresponding to different gas-liquid ratios typical from gas field production conditions. Once a steady state condition was obtained in the dynamic response, mean and alternating stress levels were obtained for each analyzed case and introduced in fatigue formulae to obtain the fatigue life of the pipeline. Results show that for some production conditions and free span longitudes, fatigue life of pipeline may experience important reductions due to slug flow. These free spans are obviously most likely to happen in extra long submarines pipelines.
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Cunha, Sérgio B. "Comparison and Analysis of Pipeline Failure Statistics." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90186.

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Failure statistics for onshore pipelines transporting oil, refined products and natural gas from the USA, Canada and Europe are compared. Failure data from Brazilian pipelines are presented and included in the comparison. Failure rates for internal and external corrosion, human action and natural forces are analyzed and the expected failure rate for each failure mechanism is indicated. The effects of relevant construction and environmental factors on the failure rates are studied and mean trends are obtained. Furthermore, the sizes of the holes observed in each type of failure are also compared. Finally, the probability of ignition after a failure in gas and liquid pipelines is evaluated. This study may serve as basis for the estimation of failure frequency, hole size and probability of ignition for hazard liquids and gas pipelines.
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Ragab, Reda, and Ting Wang. "An Investigation of Applicability of Transporting Water Mist for Cooling Turbine Vanes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-70110.

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This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the feasibility of transporting mist through the internal cooling channel in high-pressure turbine vanes for film cooling over the vane’s surface. The idea of using mist film cooling to enhance conventional air cooling has been proven to be a feasible technique in the laboratory conditions and by computational simulations. However, there is a challenge to this technique to prove that the water mist can survive in the very hot environment inside the gas turbine casings and internal air passages and be delivered to the film injection holes. Both a zero-dimensional mist evaporation analytical model and 3-D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) scheme are employed for analysis. In the CFD simulation, the Lagrangian /Eulerian method is used along with the discrete phase model (DPM) to track the evaporation process of water droplets. The high-pressure water mist is injected into the stream of cooling air extracted from the compressor through the outer gas turbine casing near the vane before it reaches the vane internal cooling cavity. Using the mist equivalent of 10% of the cooling air mass flow rate, the results show that, when the liquid droplets are atomized to 30 μm in diameter initially, the droplets can survive inside the internal cooling passages and be delivered to the film cooling injection hole location with droplets of 20 μm in diameter; and alternatively, an initially 20 μm droplet can be delivered at 12μm in diameter, which is sufficiently large for completing the required external film cooling task.
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Lee, Jung Shin, and Joon Sang Lee. "A Lattice Boltzmann Approach for Directional Transporting of Droplets Using Heterogeneous Surface Roughness." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65533.

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Fluid droplet on a surface with roughness has been simulated to investigate the hydrophobicity of surface and also measure the increase in contact angle (CA). Surface roughness increases the area of solid-liquid interface and this increase in composite interface makes the water to repel solid surface, thus causing an increase of the CA. Recently heterogeneous structure surface, which is pillar or rib structures with gradually changing pitches in certain direction, has gained lot of interest from researchers because wetting characteristics of those structures allow droplet movement without external forces. In this paper, droplet movement for heterogeneous surface cases are simulated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, known as Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). First part of the study concentrates on droplet transportation. Half of the surface is more-hydrophobic region, textured with microscopic pillars and the other part of surface is less-hydrophobic, textured or smooth surface. Second part of the study concentrates on droplet breakup. More-hydrophobic textured band is located at center of less-hydrophobic textured surface. To see the effect of surface structure only, we choose same chemical property for all surfaces. Water droplets are spatially placed on border line of the different textures of surface. The simulations are carried out using projection method of LBM. Projection method has been used to in this study to be able to model the large density difference between air and water. Two phase immiscible fluids flow consisting of air and water (density ratio of air to water = 1:1000) is built in 3D space by using Projection method. This method can calculate solid-liquid-gas composite interface.
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Reports on the topic "Transporting gas or liquid"

1

Brown, Craig. Gas-to-Liquid. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781907555749.

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Skone, Timothy J. Natural Gas Liquid Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509417.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834332.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836819.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822675.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823714.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826361.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815216.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815217.

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Howard S. Meyer. GAS/LIQUID MEMBRANES FOR NATURAL GAS UPGRADING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815218.

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