Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transporteurs vésiculaires de l'acétylcholine'
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Desplanque, Mazarine. "Co-transmission acétylcholine/glutamate dans le réseau striatal. Hétérogénéité anatomique et fonctionnelle des vésicules synaptiques dans les interneurones cholinergiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS147.
Full textThe striatum is a major structure of the central nervous system, involved in various physiological processes such as goal-directed action, learning, locomotion, as well as in numerous pathologies including Parkinson's disease, addiction, and eating disorders.Inside the striatum, there is a specific group of neurons known as Cholinergic Interneurons. Despite representing only one percent of striatal neurons, cholinergic interneurons constitute the primary source of acetylcholine within this region. Furthermore, they express both the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), thus releasing both neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine and glutamate have opposing effects on dopamine release. Interestingly, acetylcholine and glutamate, released from CINs, were recently shown to have distinct implication in the regulation of reward-guided behavior and maladaptive eatingIndeed, silencing glutamate signaling by CINs favors goal-directed behaviors and has no impact on eating behavior. In contrast, silencing ACh facilitates habits and maladaptive eating suggesting a sophisticated level of regulation of striatal functions through this acetylcholine/glutamate co-transmission.However, the morphological and functional characteristics of this co-transmission are not yet fully understood. The vesicular synergy theory argues for co-release, indicating a single population of vesicles expressing both VAChT and VGLUT3. Conversely, data from the interpeduncular nucleus suggest a differential release of acetylcholine and glutamate from the medial habenula, indicating separate populations of vesicles. In the context of my thesis work, I first aimed to characterize and distinguish morphologically the different subpopulations of vesicles within cholinergic interneurons. Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy and nearest neighbor analysis, we showed that 34% of cholinergic synaptic vesicles express both VAChT and VGLUT3. Additionally, 40% of synaptic vesicles of cholinergic interneurons exclusively express VAChT, while 26% express only VGLUT3. These results pave the way for possible functional implications: ICS could simultaneously but also differentially release acetylcholine and glutamate. Thus, to study glutamatergic transmission, I further characterized Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters for glutamate. Lastly, it is crucial to have tools not only to monitor glutamate release but also to modulate it to better understand its role in various systems. Therefore, I implemented a multidisciplinary strategy for identifying VGLUT ligands using an in silico approach to identify a large number of candidate molecules, followed by screening in a Drosophila model to identify the best ligands, which are then tested in a murine model
Gilchrist-Vinatier, Jacqueline. "Régulation des transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate chez les rongeurs." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002324140204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe vesicular glutamate transporters, VGLUT1, -2 and -3, are proteins present at the membrane of synaptic vesicles in glutamatergic neurons. They are responsible for the accumulation of neurotransmitter into the vesicles. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are the majoritary subtypes in the brain and their expression covers all known glutamatergic neurons with complementary expression patterns. VGLUT3 is expressed in a more discrete fashion in neuron populations which were not previously thought to be glutamatergic. During this thesis, I contributed to the detailled description of the localisation of VGLUT3 in the adult rat brain, as well as the ontogenic study of all three subtypes. I also carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen in order to search for putative functionnal differences between the subtypes. Thus, I characterised an interaction between VGLUT1 and endophilin, a protein involved in the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. This interaction suggests a functional link between the loading in neurotransmitter and the recycling of synaptic vesicles in the nerve terminal
Assaad, Thaer. "Diagnostic précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer : développement de médicaments radiopharmaceutiques iodés pour l'exploration scintigraphique en TEMP du transporteur vésiculaire de l'acétylcholine." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4034.
Full textOne of the first aspect of Alzheimer disease is the dysfunction of the central cholinergic system, inducing the death of cholinergic neurons which involves a reduction in the density of the vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChT) localised in these neurons. The quantification of the density of the transporter makes it possible to help with early diagnosis as well as with the therapeutic follow-up of this desease. With this objective, we proposed to develop specific tracers to this transporter. This development rests on the choice of a chemical structure likely to have a strong affinity and selectivity for VAChT. From a literature search, the vesamicol family was chosen to develop our tracers. We chose some interesting compounds in this family (iodobenzovesamicol or IBVM, trozamicol and prezamicol) of which we modified the sturcture at certain places which appeared compatible to us with the recognition of the site of connection with the vacht in order to obtain a radiopharmaceutical usable in SPECT. We synthesized 30 analogues of vesamicol. All products were tested in vitro for their affinities for VAChT. Four compounds was selected for radiolabelling with iodine-125 followed by a biological validation (ex vivo)
De, Gois Stéphanie. "Etude de la régulation de l'expression des gènes imbriqués codant la choline acétyltransferase et le transporteur vésiculaire de l'acétylcholine chez le rat." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066140.
Full textKashani, Alireza. "Les transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate, VGLUT1 et VGLUT2, dans les maladies de Parkinson et d'Alzheimer." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002323940204611&vid=upec.
Full textHerzog, Etienne. "Caractérisation des transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate et diversité des systèmes glutamatergiques dans le cerveau de rat." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066156.
Full textGong, Jie. "Les transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate et la protéine prion dans la rétine humaine et dans celle du rat : de la localisation à la toxine cellulaire rétinienne." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066038.
Full textBedet, Cécile. "Caractérisation de modifications post-traductionnelles des transporteurs vésiculaires de neuromédiateurs : étude d'une phosphorylation du transporteur des acides aminés inhibiteurs." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066028.
Full textRazy-Krajka, Florian. "Etude des systèmes monoaminergiques de l'ascidie Ciona intestinalis : De la différenciation au comportement : hypothèses d'homologies." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T005.
Full textCastell, Xavier. "Analyse de l'expression coordonnée et différentielle de deux protéines du système cholinergique : la choline acétyltransférase et le transporteur vésiculaire de l'acétylcholine : implication de l'acide nicotinique adénine dinucléotide phosphate dans la signalisation calcide des neurones spinaux d'embryon de xénope." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066046.
Full textGras, Christelle. "Hétérogénéité des neurones glutamatergiques dans le système nerveux central." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066510.
Full textEleore, Lyndell. "Modification des propriétés neurochimiques des noyaux faciaux après axotomie et des noyaux vestibulaires après déafférentation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066403.
Full textPommainville, Jonathan. "Effets de la privation visuelle sur l'expression des transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate et du GABA dans les cortex sensoriels chez la souris énucléée à la naissance et anophtalme congénitale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7320/1/030621248.pdf.
Full textBraud, Adeline. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions trigemino-gustatives périphériques et centrales : implication du nerf alvéolaire inférieur et du nerf lingual chez le rat." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066148.
Full textSchmitt, Mathieu. "Modulation de l’expression et de la fonction des protéines dopaminergiques présynaptiques par les statines : Application potentielle pour une intervention thérapeutique dans la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0187/document.
Full textParkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic presynaptic terminals and remains incurable. However in epidemiological studies, it has been shown that the use of statins, which are hypocholesterolemic drugs, diminishes the risk to develop a PD. Statins are able to inhibit the neurodegenerative effects in in-vitro and in-vivo models of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms driving neuroprotective effects are not yet fully understood. Consequently, we investigated the potential effects of statins on the synaptic expression and dopamine transport function in the dopaminergic system. In our studies, statins enhance the neurite outgrowth in the dopaminergic cells and trigger an increase in the expression levels of presynaptic dopaminergic proteins such as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter. Statins induce a reduction of dopamine cellular uptake and modulate the binding-affinity of the specific inhibitors for VMAT2. The activation of the nuclear transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), cholesterol-dependent, could be the key element of the overexpression of dopaminergic presynaptic markers induced by the statins. Furthermore, these findings highlight the therapeutic neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative potentials of statins previously proposed in PD and allow to bring out new potential therapeutic targets such as SREBP factor
Favre-Besse, Franck-Cyril. "Modulateurs du transport vésiculaire du glutamate : développement d’outils pharmacologiques et de diagnostic pour la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P639/document.
Full textVesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are involved in the recapture and storage of glutamate from cytol to secretory synaptic vesicules. Since their recent characterization in 2000, their implication in several neurodegenerative disorders have been demonstrated. They play a crucial role in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Natural dyes, such as Rose Bengal and Tryptan Blue are the best known inhibitors with IC50 values of 25 and 50 nM, respectively. Firstly, we designed and optimized a series of analogues based on the synthon Rose Bengal (non-competitive inhibitor). This work has especially enabled to highlight the effect of tautomeric forms (quinone and lactone) on the inhibition of VGLUTs. Thus, the quinone form, present at physiological pH, was confirmed as the only able to block the reuptake of glutamate. Secondly, we have been interested in the family of Trypan Blue (competitive inhibitor) and we determined the minimal active structure in order to render these molecules more "drug-like". Indeed, the interest of this project is to develop small structures easily radiomarquable to use in a physiopathological context
Soussi, Rabia. "Système supramammillaro- hippocampique : propriétés anatomiques et neurochimiques; plasticité dans un modèle d'épilepsie du lobe temporal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20699.
Full textMesial temporal lobe epilepsies (MTLE) are among the most common forms of pharmacoresistant partial epilepsies in adults and children. In these epilepsies, spontaneous seizures likely originate from a multi-structural epileptogenic zone including several structures of the limbic system connected to the hippocampal formation (HF). In this thesis, we investigate the structural connectivity between the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) and the HF in rat, in order to determine the not yet known neurochemical identity of the supramammillaro-hippocampal pathway and, to test the hypothesis of a potential reorganization of this pathway in the rat pilocarpine model of MTLE. In naïve rats, our results highlight two distinct pathways. The first pathway originates in the lateral part of the SuM (SuML) and innervates the supragranular layer of the dorsal dentate gyrus mainly, and the CA2-CA3a pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. This pathway is mainly ipsilateral and displays a unique dual phenotype for GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The second pathway originates in the most posterior and medial part of the SuM (SuMM) and innervates exclusively the inner molecular layer of the ventral dentate gyrus and the CA2-CA3a subfield and is glutamatergic only.In pilocarpine-treated animals, our findings demonstrate a structural reorganization of dentate gyrus afferents originating from the SuM nuclei. Such reorganization is characterized by an aberrant distribution and an increased number of fibers and axon terminals from neurons of the both lateral and medial regions of the SuM, invading the entire inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. It starts at the end of the latent period and evolves during the epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. Our findings demonstrate for the first time: 1) the anatomical and neurochemical heterogeneity of the supramammillaro-hippocampal pathways; 2) in pilocarpine-treated animals, a marked reorganization of dentate gyrus afferents originating from the SuM nuclei. This aberrant connectivity could contribute along with the reorganization of hippocampal intrinsic circuitry to the emergence of the first spontaneous seizures and epilepsy installation
Parent, Maxime. "Utilisation du [18F]Fluoro-éthoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]FEOBV) avec la tomographie par émission de positrons (TEP) comme mesure in vivo de la perte neuronale cholinergique chez le rat." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4668/1/M12396.pdf.
Full textLandry, St-Pierre Evelyne. "Évaluation pré-clinique du (–)-[18F]FEOBV: Profil métabolique plasmatique." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2696.
Full textBackground. Several neurodegenerative diseases would benefit from better diagnostic tools, and Alzheimer’s disease is an obvious point in case. Of interest, that disease par-ticularly affects CNS cholinergic systems. Many studies have evaluated neurodegenera-tion in that system during the course of Alzheimer’s disease, some using imaging tech-niques with radioactive ligands targeting the cholinergic system. However, most of those studies have shown rather unsatisfying results. Therefore, our team has decided to evaluate a so far never used in primates positron emitting ligand of the VAChT which reversibly binds to its target, (-)-[18F]Fluoroethoxy-benzovesamicol ((-)-[18F]FEOBV). Of course, before being able to use this ligand in a clinical setting, a multi-step animal validation needs to be performed. As initial experiments with PET imaging yielded encouraging results, assessing the metabolism of (-)-[18F]FEOBV was the next logical step. First, an HPLC methodology had to be developed to analyse blood metabolites. Then, we were able to use that methodology to analyse metabolites and their kinetics in the rat. That data will allow quantitative studies in humans with PET. Study #1: After the chromatographic parameters had been optimised, the TR of (–)-FEOBV was established at 7.92 ± 0.18 minutes. Study#2 In vivo metabolism was found to be fairly rapid and somewhat temporally variable, but a lone hydrophilic metabolite was identified. The plasmatic input function was obtained and corrected for metabolism. Conclusion. Overall, (–)-[18F]FEOBV holds promise as a potential ACh system pre-synaptic marker.