Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transporteur ABC'
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Matar, Merheb Rachel Rima. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle génération de détergents stabilisateurs des transporteurs abc en solution : cristallisation de BmrA, transporteur ABC bactérien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10303.
Full textDue to their preponderance in the resistance to chemotherapies, the MDR ABC transporters have drawn the attention of the scientific community. Our project aimed at finding conditions in which ABC transporters are active in solution to lead the crystallization of these proteins in an active conformation. In this purpose, we conceived and developed a new class of detergents, based on calix[4]arene ring, that stabilize these proteins. In order to solve the 3D-structure to atomic resolution of bacterial ABC transporter “BmrA” responsible for antibiotic resistance, we used a classical approach with commercial detergents in addition to the innovative ones. We have crystallized the protein in presence of Foscholine 12 with a diffraction resolution up to 5 Å. The data was incomplete; solving partially the structure of the transmembrane domains. On the other hand, we have reached the objective of extraction, purification and stabilization of this transporter by using calix[4]arene-based detergents. We have also shown that these detergents promote and enhance the kinetics of crystallization of BmrA, a step that we are improving, to get crystals of better resolution, for resolving the BmrA 3D-structure which will be used to design adapted inhibitors
Vorac, Jaroslav. "Le fonctionnement du transporteur ABC de Streptococcus pneumoniae impliqué dans la résistance contre les peptides antimicrobiens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV009/document.
Full textStreptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is a major human pathogen causing over a million deaths each year. Many pneumococcal strains display resistance towards antibiotics causing world-wide health concern. Some of these antibiotics are antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which are produced as a primary defense by hosts as well as pathogens. The pneumococcus harbors a system comprised of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and a two-component system (TCS) composed of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), which targets these molecules. It has been shown recently that the removal of this ABC transporter increases the sensitivity of the bacteria towards bacitracin. In this project, we tried to understand the functioning mechanism of the ABC transporter and the co-operation with the TCS using both in vivo and in vitro techniques
Mathieu, Khadija. "Caractérisation d’un transporteur ABC d’antibiotiques de Streptococcus pneumoniae, PatA-PatB." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1052.
Full textThe excessive use of antibiotics during the past decades led to the amplification of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria have developed several mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. One of them involves the antibiotic efflux by MDR (MultiDrug Resistance) transporters, some of which belong to the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporter family. ABC transporter are ubiquitous membrane proteins with a conserved topology comprising four domains : two «TransMembrane Domain» and two cytoplasmic domains named « Nucleotide-Binding Domain ». ABC exporters expel drugs outside the bacteria using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. PatA-PatB is an ABC transporter from Streptococcus pneumoniae, a human pathogen bacterium responsible for pneumonia and meningitis. This protein is involved in S. pneumoniae resistance against fluoroquinolone antibiotics. To study the molecular mechanism, we optimized the functional expression of this transporter in Escherichia coli. Then, we characterized its drug transport activity and its nucleotide hydrolysis activity. These experiments showed that PatA-PatB, in contrast to other members of the ABC superfamily, preferentially uses GTP as energy supply. To identify the origin of this property at a molecular level, mutagenesis experiments were performed and we identified two mutants capable of an even drug transport with ATP and GTP
Lakli, Mounia. "Pharmacothérapie ciblée de variants d'ABCB4, le transporteur biliaire de phospholipides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ026.
Full textABCB4/MDR3 is a transmembrane protein that secretes phosphatidylcholine, a fundamental component of bile, to the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Numerous mutations in the gene encoding this transporter are responsible for rare cholestatic diseases, the most severe one being progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3). To date, at least 50 % of patients do not respond to conventional treatments, making liver transplantation the ultimate alternative therapy. Thus, this thesis was dedicated to characterizing and validating new pharmacological correctors for three traffic-defective ABCB4 variants (I541F, L556R and I490T) retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In cell models, the biochemical and morphological analyses allowed us to identify three molecules able to rescue the maturation and canalicular localization of two variants. However, due to an inhibitory effect of these molecules on ABCB4 function, only one corrector was able to significantly restore the function of these variants. Combined with ivacaftor (VX 770, Kalydeco®), an approved modulator of activity for cystic fibrosis, an improvement and potentiation of ABCB4 activity was obtained. In silico molecular docking analyses were carried out to explore the mechanism of action of these compounds, suggesting an interaction of the drugs with ABCB4 residues involved in ATP binding/hydrolysis, which could explain the function inhibition effect. Furthermore, in vitro, the newly identified molecules increase the plasma membrane stability of ABCB4-WT and appear to inhibit its lysosomal degradation. Interestingly, the corrective effect of these molecules is conserved for an intracellular variant of the bile acid transporter ABCB11. This suggests the prospect of a consensus treatment for deficiencies of both ABC transporters. In conclusion, we have identified novel corrector compounds for intracellularly-retained ABCB4 variants. These results pave the way for their optimization to provide new drug candidates as potential alternatives to liver transplantation for patients with severe forms of ABCB4-related diseases
Moulin, Pauline. "Caractérisation du transporteur de zinc Adc/Lmb de Streptococcus agalactiae." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3308/document.
Full textIn this study, the zinc-ABC transporter of Streptococcus agalactiae, the first cause of materno-foetal infections in France, was characterized. We showed that this transporter is composed of an AdcCB permease-ATPase complex in association with three membrane-associated proteins Lmb, AdcA and AdcAII, which are redundant in zinc-binding. This transporter also possesses two proteins Sht and ShtII, which are associated to the cell wall, and that are necessary for the Lmb and AdcAII proteins for zinc capture. The absence of a functional transporter, by the triple deletion of the lmb, adcA and adcAII genes or the adcCB complex, revealed a growth inhibition and a disruption of the division of the bacterium when it is in a zinc-restricted environment. Furthermore, we showed that the zinc-ABC transporter contributes to the survival of the bacterium in human biological fluids, as the amniotic fluid or the cerebrospinal fluid, where the bacterium is found during infections, suggesting the importance of the transporter during the infectious process. These results hightlighted, for the first time, that zinc has biologically vital functions in S. agalactiae and that, under high zinc deficiency conditions, the Adc/Lmb transporter is the main zinc acquisition system of the bacterium
Geillon, Flore. "Etude structure/fonction du demi-transporteur ABCD2 dans le contexte de l'Adrénoleucodystrophie liée à l'X." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS067/document.
Full textX-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the peroxisomal half-transporter ABCD1, implicated in very long chain fatty acids import. Two additional half-transporters are located in the peroxisomal membrane: ABCD2 and ABCD3. Over-expression of ABCD2 is known to compensate for ABCD1 deficiency, making ABCD2 a therapeutic target for X-ALD treatment. In this context, the main objective of my thesis was to investigate the function and the structure of ABCD2, and more broadly, of peroxisomal ABC transporters.Half-transporters must at least dimerize to form a functional transporter. Alternative dimerization could modulate substrate specificity. In order to test this hypothesis, we engineered plasmidic constructs encoding chimeric ABCD dimers, whose functionality has been evaluated by transient transfection in two cell models (human fibroblasts and yeasts). Our results show that, ABCD1 and ABCD2 are functional whatever their dimeric organization. Besides, like other ABC transporters, peroxisomal ABC transporters could oligomerize. By using a multi-technical approach (co-immunoprecipitation, velocity sucrose gradient and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments) on stably transfected hepatoma cells expressing ABCD2-EGFP, we demonstrate that ABCD2-EGFP interacts with ABCD1 and ABCD3, and that peroxisomal ABC transporters oligomerize. The perspectives will consist in determining which factors control the oligomerization process and understanding the functional value of these interactions
Cescau, Sandra. "Sécrétion de l'hémophore HasA de Serratia marcescens via un transporteur ABC." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077213.
Full textThe Type I secretion System makes it possible the Gram negative bacteria to export proteins presenting an uncleaved C-terminal secretion signal. The transporter are constituted of 3 proteins: a membrane ATPase of the large family of ABC proteins, a second cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane protein belonging to TolC family. TolC is multifunctional. It participates also to efflux pump which expulse detergents and antibiotics. When they are co-expressed, T1SS and efflux pump share TolC without lost of functionality. The secretion complex is not permanently associated. Its formation is induced by the interaction between the secretion signal and the ABC protein. The oligomerisation of the transporter has been studied by several biochemical approaches: affinity chromatography and cross-linking. Th molecular mechanisms of the association-dissociation of the transporter are unknown. During this work, the model studied was the T1SS of the HasA hemophore of S. Marcescens. We have shown that Has deleted for its C-terminal secretion signal induced a stable oligomerisation of the transporter, trapping TolC proteins. The unavailability of TolC molecules for the efflux pump involved a increased SDS sensitivity. The hyperproduction of the TolC protein reversed this phenotype. The expression of the secretion signal as a single molecule also restored the resistance This suggests that the secretion signal is active in an intermolecular manner. Thus, the hemophore presents 2 interaction domains with the ABC protein: the secretion signal and a second site name the anchoring domain
Paik, Su-Jin. "Couplages entre un transporteur membranaire de type ABC, BmrA et son environnement membranaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET010.
Full textABCs (ATP binding cassettes) transporters constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present in all organisms. ABC transporters hydrolyze ATP to translocate an immense quantity of amphiphilic substrates, such as lipids, steroids, peptides... Some ABCs confer a multiresistance cellular phenotype to drugs from bacteria against antibiotics to humans against anticancer agents, antivirals...A fundamental question for understanding drug transport at the molecular level is how the properties of membranes modulate the function and spatial temporal organization of ABCs. We studied in detail these coupling with BmrA, a bacterial ABC of B. subtillis using different in vitro membrane systems and different biochemical and membrane biophysical approaches. Firstly, after expression and purification of proteins in detergent, we characterized the hydrolysis of ATP of BmrA according to its membrane environment, solubilized in detergent micelles and in mixed lipid/detergent micelles. Proteoliposomes were characterized according to protein orientation, incorporation rate, size and lamellarity. This allowed us to modulate in a controlled manner lipid composition, protein density and conformation and membrane curvature to quantitatively determine the respective contributions of these membrane parameters. Thus, we show that ATP hydrolysis is sensitive to lipid specificity when the protein is embedded in a bilayer. This lipid specificity is provided by negative lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine type lipids that synergistically stimulate hydrolytic activity. However, ATP hydrolysis was decreased in high positive membrane curvature. Secondly, we determined the conditions of reconstitution of BmrA in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, which then allowed our collaborator to study the respective roles of membrane curvature and tension in the spatial organization of BmrA. Nanotube pulling experiments performed in collaboration show that BmrA has a strong preference for highly curved membrane regions leading to protein cluster formation and that this preference varies according to the catalytic state of the protein. Finally, we developed a method to study the dynamics of NBDs by Förster resonance energy transfer at the single molecule level in reconstituted system via fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy.The data set suggest that spatial organizations of ABC transporters in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are different with the possibility of sorting during membrane remodeling of eukaryotic membranes in areas of strong membrane curvatures but without significant change in function
Jeannesson, Elise Siest Gérard Visvikis-Siest Sophie. "Analyse génétique et transcriptomique du transporteur ABCB1 en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0130_JEANNESSON.pdf.
Full textOlivier, Maryline. "Rôle du transporteur ABCG1 dans l’homéostasie lipidique cellulaire : implications physiopathologiques chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066733.
Full textMurad, Fatima. "Etude de la résistance aux macrolides chez Streptomyces ambofaciens et Streptomyces lividans." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112172.
Full textMacrolide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes. Streptomyces ambofaciens produces spiramycin and possesses several resistance mechanisms to spiramycine and other macrolides. The srmC determinant was studied in the work reported here. It is comprised of three genes: srmC1, srmC2 and srmC3. SrmC1/srmC2 encode the two sub-units of an ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) transporter. They confer resistance to several macrolides, including spiramycin, and to daunorubicin. The two genes srmC1/srmC2 are co-transcribed and their expression is repressed by SrmC3, a repressor of the TetR family. The srmC genes are not localized in the spiramycin biosynthetic gene cluster and are dispensable in S. Ambofaciens. During the study of the induction of srmCl/C2 expression in S. Lividans, a new mechanism of resistance to macrolides and other antibiotics, inducible by the macrolide rosaramicin was discovered in this strain. Genes sclA and sclB, orthologous to srmC1/C2, encoding an ABC transporter are involved in this resistance. SclA and sclB confer multidrug resistance (resistance to macrolides daunorubicin and ethidium bromide). Their expression is controlled by SclR (a TetR-like repressor). The study of a SclA ̄SclR ̄mutant strain suggested that other resistance determinant(s) might be involved in the rosaramicin-inducible resistance. Among macrolide resistance genes from S. Ambofaciens, some have homologues in S. Lividans, others do not. This suggests that some S. Ambofaciens resistant determinants could be directly linked to spiramycin biosynthesis and important for self-protection against spiramycin. Others, including srmC might protect the strain against other toxic compounds encountered in the environment
Zarubica, Ana. "Influence du transporteur ABCA1 sur le microenvironnement lipidique de la membrane plasmique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22025.pdf.
Full textThe ABCA1 transporter is involved in the Apo A-I/mediated removal of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol at the cell membrane. Considering that ABCA1 acts as lipid translocator we investigated the effect of the transporter on membrane lipid microenvironment. By biochemical assays, we demonstrated that the ATP-ase activity of ABCA1 modifies the partitioning in lipid rafts of the transporter itself and other membrane proteins such as the transferrin receptor (TfR), TfR dynamic kinetics and down regulates TfR-mediated endocytosis. We then assessed by biophysical methods, cationic sensors and FLIM, significant modifications of membrane attributes at the inner and outer leaflet in the presence of ABCA1. Furthermore, we evidenced overall changes in membrane dynamics in the presence of ABCA1 by FRAP. Finally, we correlate the mechanistic basis of ABCA1-dependent modulation of macrophage phenotype with the influence of ABCA1 on lipid raft dependent signaling downstream of IFNγR
Pozza, Alexandre. "Surexpression hétérologue et purification du transporteur membranaire ABCG2 : mécanisme d'interaction avec des substrats et des inhibiteurs spécifiques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10327.
Full textABCG2 is an ABC half-transporter involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Our aim is to understand the mechanism of transport and of interaction with specific inhibitors. After some unsuccessful attempts in bacteria, ABCG2 was functionally overexpressed with the insect cells/baculovirus system. The effects of some inhibitors on ATPase activity were studied, as well as the capacity of binding to the purified transporter. This allowed to bring evidence for a different inhibition mechanism for the same inhibitor between the wild-type and R482T mutant of the transporter. The difference in transport-substrate spectrum induced by the mutation is not due to binding, but more likely related to membrane translocation. The recombinant protein appears as two bands, the difference of which is probably of conformational origin
Pamard, Davia. "AtABCA1, un transporteur de la famille ATP-Binding Cassette impliqué dans la croissance du tube pollinique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22015.pdf.
Full textHere, we report the study of the only full-length transporter of the ABCA subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana called AtABCA1. We cloned the AtABCA1 gene which includes 40 exons corresponding to 5,6 kb. It's the largest ABC transporter in Arabidopsis and presents ABCA subfamily specifics motifs and topology, consisting in two structurally related tandem arranged halves with a large exocytoplasmic domain followed by a multispanning membrane domain and a nucleotide binding domain. By northern-blot and quantitative RT-PCR studies, we demonstrate that AtABCA1 is fully expressed in anthers, especially in tapetum and pollen grains. In addition, the expression profile of AtABCA1 transcript is enhanced by cold treatment. Using a knock-out mutant, we demonstrate that AtABCA1 is implicated in regulation of pollen tube elongation. In conclusion, we proposed that AtABCA1 is implicated in lipids and/or sterols repartition at protective layers and cellular membrane of pollen grain and regulate the pollen tube elongation
Jeannesson, Elise. "Analyse génétique et transcriptomique du transporteur ABCB1 en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10130/document.
Full textABCB1 is an ubiquitously expressed membrane transporter. Resistance to drugs is associated with genetic variations of its gene and with modulation of its expression through the PXR transcription factor. Given that ABCB1 could also transport cholesterol, our goal was to conduct a genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ABCB1 based on the following hypotheses: 1) ABCB1 variants would partly explain plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, and 2) ABCB1 expression profile in PBMCs would be a new, and easily available, cardiovascular biomarker. We have determined frequency of ABCB1 variants in 371 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. We have shown in these healthy people that ABCB1 variants modulate lipid concentrations, sometimes in a sex-dependant manner. Significant associations were also observed in subjects with a high cardiovascular risk. In addition, DNA microarray analysis showed that most of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transcription factors are constitutively expressed in PBMCs of healthy subjects. ABCB1 and PXR were measured by quantitative RT-PCR in 83 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. They are both expressed in PBMCs but their expressions do not correlate. Finally, there is no association between ABCB1, or PXR, expression in PBMCs and lipid plasma concentrations in healthy subjects. To conclude, ABCB1 variants would modulate lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. However, from our results, we cannot propose ABCB1 expression in PBMCs as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. It would be of interest to reproduce this study in PBMCs of people at high cardiovascular risk or in an in vitro model of PBMCs with induction studies of ABCB1 expression
Jacquet-Bouix, Hélène. "Pharmacologie moléculaire d'un transporteur ABC : le récepteur des sulfonylurées, sous-unité du canal Katp." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10102.
Full textBenabdelhak, Houssain. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle du domaine ABC "ATP binding cassette" de la protéine HLYB impliquée dans la secretion de l'hemolysine A chez ESCHERICHIA COLI." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112068.
Full textHlyB, an inner, cytoplasmic membrane protein in E. Coli, forms a complex with HlyD (anchored in the inner membrane but spanning the periplasm) and TolC (anchored in the outer membrane but also spanning the periplasm). This multiprotein complex, traversing the surface layers of E. Coli, with an estimated minimum stoichiometry of HlyB, HlyD, TolC, 2:3:3, provides a transport (secretion) pathway from the cytoplasm to the external medium, for the 107 kDa haemolytic toxin, HlyA. HlyA is targeted to the translocator complex by a specific C-terminal secretion signal sequence of approximately 46 amino-acids. Secretion of HlyA depends upon energy provided by the proton motive force and by the ABC-transporter, HlyB. HlyB, composed of a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic ABC-ATPase domain, is also essential for the oligomerization of HlyD, which is apparently required for its normal function. At late stages in secretion, HlyD and perhaps TolC are also required for correct folding of HlyA before its release from the cell. For translocation of HlyA across the cytoplasmic membrane, the membrane domain of HlyB is presumed to constitue part of a transport channel, with the energy of hydrolysis of ATP by HlyB required in some way for initiation of the transport process. To address this issue, the NBD (ABC-ATPase) domain of HlyB was purified and crystallized and the crystal structure at 2. 55 A is now been determined. Attempts were also made to elucidate the role of the NBD in HlyB function by detailed analysis of the regulation of its ATPase activity in vitro. Thus, conditions were determined which favour the transition of the NBD between monomer and dimer forms and for reversibly switching, on and off, the ATPase activity. The results, including the analysis of mutants, indicate that dimerization is not required for activity and that in vitro, activity is regulated at the level of ATP binding. Other studies also indicate that the purified NBD specifically interacts with the C-terminal 25 kDa of HlyA which contains the C-terminal, secretion signal, essential for recognition of the translocator. A model will be discussed describing a novel mechanism for regulating ATPase activity in this ABC-transporter and its coupling to the transport of HlyA toxin
Lorendeau, Doriane. "Eradication ciblée des cellules cancéreuses chimiorésistantes par des activateurs du transporteur de drogues MRP1 : mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993955.
Full textBarrière, Quentin. "Analyse fonctionnelle de BclA, un transporteur de peptides antimicrobiens impliqué dans la différenciation des bactéroïdes au cours de la symbiose Aeschynomene/Bradyrhizobium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS460.
Full textPlants of the legume family have acquired the ability to host in specific symbiotic organs, the roots nodules, nitrogen fixing bacteria, called bacteroids. This symbiosis allows plants to fulfill all their nitrogen requirements. Some legume plants produce in their nodules a large family of antimicrobials peptides called the NCRs (Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich). Their antimicrobial activities allow the host plant to control the intracellular bacterial population. NCRs peptides also govern terminal differentiation of the bacteroids. During my PhD work, I participated in the identification and characterization of BclA. This bacterial ABC transporter is involved in bacteroid differentiation during the Aeschynomene- Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. In order to better understand its symbiotic function, I studied the link between BclA and a peptidoglycan-modifying enzyme, the DD-carboxypeptidase 1. I was able to show that these two factors act in an independent manner in the establishment of bacteroid differentiation. A functional analysis of BclA and an experimental evolution on Sinorhizobium bacA mutant, an orthologue of bclA, conferred a better understanding of the in vivo role of these transporters. The results obtained during my thesis suggest that the BclA and BacA function is to ensure bacterial resistance to NCRs, as a prerequisite for the bacterial differentiation process, but is not needed for differentiation per se. Furthermore, their NCR uptake activities do not seem to be the mechanism underlying the resistance
Perrotton, Thomas. "Étude du transporteur de multiples drogues MRP1 : caractérisation des NBD, et étude de modulateurs conduisant à la mort des cellules surexprimant le transporteur." Phd thesis, Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/06/58/PDF/Manuscrit_de_these_-_Thomas_Perrotton_2_.pdf.
Full textThe acquisition of cancer resistance phenotype is mostly correlated to the expression of membrane transporters belonging to the ABC transporters super family (“ATP-Binding Cassette”). One of these transporters, MRP1 (“Multidrug Resistance Protein1”), is a transmembrane protein which has the ability to efflux many substrates. First, this work has focused on the characterisation of the isolated nucleotide binding domains. A biochemical study has shown their asymmetric behaviour towards nucleotides, and their ability to bind substrates, which could lead to the involvement of NBDs in the substrate binding site. Then, a characterisation of the verapamil enantiomers has been performed, showing that S-verapamil was responsible of glutathione efflux, whereas R-verapamil had an inhibitory effect on MRP1. These results may have great impact in term of therapy. Finally, structure/function relationships of verapamil and flavonoids derivatives has been accessed, in order to find more potent modulators for MRP1
Kassis, Josiane. "Le transporteur de médicaments anticancéreux, ABCG2, et son implication dans la chimiorésistance : étude structurale et mécanistique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1189.
Full textABCG2 or BCRP is a membrane protein that belongs to the ABC transporter family. It uses the hydrolysis energy of ATP to export endogenous and exogenous compounds out of cells. It is thus involved in the protection and detoxification of the body. However, it is overexpressed by cancer cells and participates in the multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR); in fact, anti-cancer agents are exported out of the tumor cells, which reduce their concentration below their cytotoxicity threshold and renders them ineffective. Because of its importance in chemoresistance, many efforts are made to design inhibitors to restore the sensitivity of cancer cells. In this context, the PhD project aims to characterize ABCG2 at structural and functional levels in order to understand its mechanism of action. We have succeeded in purifying ABCG2 expressed in E. coli, the protein obtained is stable and homogeneous, with a yield of 1.5 mg of protein per liter of culture. The functional characterization of ABCG2 demonstrates its correct folding. In fact, we have demonstrated that it is able to bind different substrates (natural and anti-cancer agents) with different affinities. Preliminary crystallization assays and electron microscopy observations reveal encouraging results for subsequent structural characterization
Lacabanne, Denis. "Solid-state NMR studies of the ABC transporter BmrA in its lipid environment." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1243/document.
Full textATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters can translocate a variety of molecules by coupling drug/lipid efflux with an ATP-Mg2+ fuelled engine. They are found in all forms of life and they are involved in a number of drug resistances including anti-cancer drugs and antibiotics. My studies focus on the drug exporter BmrA (130 kDa) from Bacillus subtilis as a model system and homologue of the human P-glycoprotein that is involved in multidrug resistance in cancer. We show that the reconstitution of this protein in lipids from Bacillus subtilis at a lipid-protein ratio of 0.5 m/m allows an optimal protein insertion into lipid bilayer as well as it complies with the two central NMR requirements: high signal-to-noise in the spectra and sample stability over a time period of years. The obtained spectra point to a well-folded protein and a highly homogenous preparation, as witnessed by the narrow resonance lines and the signal dispersion typical of the expected secondary structure distribution of the membrane protein. In the same time, we adapted the GRecon method used in electron microscopy studies for membrane protein reconstitution to the needs of solid-state NMR sample preparation. We followed in detail the reconstitution of the ABC transporter BmrA by dialysis as a reference, and established optimal reconstitution conditions using the combined sucrose/cyclodextrin/lipid gradient characterizing GRecon. NMR spectra recorded on a sample produced by GRecon showed a highly similar fingerprint as those recorded previously on samples reconstituted by dialysis. GRecon sample preparation presents a gain in time of nearly an order of magnitude for reconstitution. In order to study the inward-facing (IF) and the outward-facing (OF) state of the transporter, we developed a reproducible and quantitative protocol of ATP:Mg2+:VO43- addition inducing the OF state. We used selectively labelled samples obtained by the addition of natural abundance residues in the bacterial medium in order to reduce the number of signals in the spectra of this large protein. We recorded solid-state NMR two-dimensional spectra with different mixing times (20 and 200 ms) in order to follow chemical shift changes and identify residues by sequential correlations. The very noticeable apparition of new signals concomitant with the large amplitude of chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) highlight the important flexibility and conformational changes of the protein in presence of ATP:Mg2+:VO43- substrate. In order to identify the residues appearing in the spectra, we use paramagnetic replacement by Mn2+ of the Mg2+ acting as a co-factor in the active site. The paramagnetic relaxation enhancements caused the Mn2+ revealed that the amino acids appearing in the spectra are located in proximity to the ATP binding pocket. Besides, EPR measurements confirmed the closed state of the protein by identifying the corresponding 1.8 nm distances between two Mn2+. We investigate on the conformational differences identified between the IF and OF state in the ABC transporter BmrA reconstituted in its natural lipids. The observation of numerous CSPs, as well as the apparition new signals are observed for a hydrolysis-incompetent mutant on addition of ATP, indicating that hydrolysis is not required for the IF to OF transition in BmrA. We also analyze the mechanistic of the X-loop motif described to be involved in the communication between two domains of the protein. We observe for a mutant protein in which transport is abolished, but which remains ATPase active, an incomplete transition since only a subset of CSPs is observed, as well as lack of rigidification. This suggests that the change in dynamics might be central for transmitting the relevant conformational changes to the part of the protein driving transport, concomitant of an engine which is turning an input shaft, but which fails to connect in a rigid manner, trough adequate gears, with the output shaft driving the pump
Macalou, Sira. "Le transporteur ABCG2 de multiples drogues : rôle d’une séquence spécifique et recherche d’inhibiteurs sélectifs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10301.
Full textDuring chemotherapy, cancer cells frequently succeed to escape the toxic effects of drugs by developing mechanisms of chemoresistance which often result from the presence of an efflux system of these drugs. Such a chemoresistance is correlated to the MDR (MultiDrug Resistance) phenotype and associated to overexpression of membrane ATPases belonging to the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporters. The ABCG2 transporter belongs to this large family of proteins. Sequence alignment allowed the identification of a specific (LSGGE) sequence in ABCG2, which is quite similar to the canonical sequence signature (VSGGE) of all ABC transporters. Point mutation of these residues into alanine produced a loss of function in L352A and S353A mutants, as observed in transport and on ATPase activity. Structure-activity relationships drawn from some compounds among the family of flavonoids allowed the identification of MBLI 97, boeravinone G, MHT and ABI as potent and ABCG2-specific inhibitors, able to revert multidrug resistance and chemosensitize cell growth. The study of specific sequences and use of specific inhibitors of these transporters constitute strategies to abolish cancer cell chemoresistance and to increase the efficiency of chemotherapeutic treatments
Rossi, Maria-Silvia. "Etude des mécanismes d'acquisition du fer dépendant de la protéine extracellulaire HasA chez les bactéries à gram négatif Serratia marcescens et Yersinia pestis." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077224.
Full textZiri, Taissir. "Identification et caractérisation des orthologues du transporteur ABC humain ABBCC10 chez Catharanthus roseus et Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4007/document.
Full textABC transporters are members of a large superfamily of proteins that utilize ATP hydrolysis to translocate a wide range of substrate across biological membranes. Members of C. subfamily (ABCC) are generally structurally characterized by an additional (N-Terminal) transmembrane domain (TMD0). In this study the analysed two plant ABCC : CrABCC1 from Catharanthus roseus and AtABCC13, it's ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phylogenetic analysis of plant ABCCs separates their protein sequences over three distinct clusters : I and II are plant specific whereas cluster III is the only gathering humain and plant ABCCs. Screening of plant database allowed us to identify 16 different ABCCs sequences in Catharanthus roseus
Gautherot, Julien. "Maturation et trafic intracellulaire du transporteur biliaire ABCB4 : effet de mutations." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829392.
Full textMAHE, BRUNO. "Etude d'une voie d'assimilation du fer dependante d'un transporteur de type abc chez erwinia chrysanthemi 3937." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066661.
Full textDalmas, Olivier Grégory. "Caractérisation des changements de conformation de BmrA, un transporteur ABC de multiples drogues chez Bacillus subtilis : exploitation des modèles structuraux." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10056.
Full textBerthier, Joseph. "Transport membranaire des médicaments utilisés en transplantation : étude du transporteur MRP4." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0034.
Full textMembrane transporters are major determinants of the pharmacokinetics of drugs, in the same way as the enzymes of the metabolism. Among them, only a few have roles in the organism which are perfectly defined. However, numerous clinical observations suggest that membrane transporters are involved in the occurrence of drug-drug interactions, and more generally in the occurrence of treatment failures due to inefficiency or toxicity.The aim of our work was to study the role of membrane transporters in the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants prescribed in transplanted patients. These are drugs with a narrow therapeutic index and very complex kinetic profiles. They are subject to numerous drug-drug interactions and it is known that the P-gp, the OATP family of transporters, or the BCRP transporter play an important role in their pharmacology.We were particularly interested in the relationship between the MRP4 transporter and mycophenolic acid (MPA). For this, we developed vesicular transport models (in vitro approach) and molecular modelling (in silico approach). They showed that mycophenolic acid β-D glucuronide (MPAG), a major metabolite of MPA, is transported by MRP4. Obviously, this phenomenon contributes to the inter- and intra-individual variability in the exposure to MPA. This work also demonstrated that some frequently co-prescribed drugs (anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory drugs) can inhibit this transport.This example illustrates the value of exploring transport mechanisms through in vitro and in silico studies to better understand and anticipate drug-drug interactions
Larrède, Sandra. "Caractérisation des rôles du transporteur ATP-Binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) au sein du macrophage humain." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812087.
Full textBoukherissa, Amira. "Study ot the coevolution between antimicrobial peptides and peptide transporters in legume-rhizobium symbiosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB043.
Full textLegume plants under nitrogen deficiency can enter a symbiotic interaction with N₂-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. In five legume clades, an exploitive strategy called Terminal Bacteroid Differentiation (TBD) has evolved in which rhizobia undergo extreme differentiation. Terminally differentiated bacteria are larger, polyploid, have a permeabilized membrane, and are better at N₂ fixation, providing a higher return on investment for the plant. We know that in several members of the distantly related Inverted Repeat Lacking Clade (IRLC, e.g., Medicago spp.) and the Dalbergioid clade (e.g., Aeschynomene spp.), this differentiation process is triggered by a set of apparently unrelated plant antimicrobial peptides with membrane damaging activity known as Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptides. In turn, rhizobia exposed to NCR stress requires an ABC peptide transporter of the BacA family to cope with this stress. However, whether NCR peptides or similar peptides are also found in other clades where this occurs and the evolutionary relation among these peptides remains unknown. In this project, we tested whether NCR peptides and BacA peptide transporters evolved independently in the different legume clades that induce TBD and their rhizobia, implying convergent coevolution, both at phenotypic and molecular levels. We combined molecular evolution analyses with functional assays, thus providing experimentally informed knowledge on the fundamental question of the part of contingency and repeatability in evolution while simultaneously generating new tools to engineer a more efficient symbiosis
Chartrain, Marine. "Implication des cellules exprimant le transporteur ABCB5 dans la chimiorésistance du mélanome métastatique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1397/.
Full textMelanoma is one of the most aggressive form of skin cancer and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Metastatic melanoma is highly resistant to conventional chemotherapies and dacarbazine, the reference treatment has a very low response rate (<20%) without impact on overall survival. A number of promising targeted therapies have been developed recently such as ipilimumab (an anti-CTL-A4 antibody) or vemurafenib (a specific inhibitor of BRAF) but resistance invariably develops and still remains an unsolved question. Recently, relevant markers have been identified to select a restricted sub-population of melanoma cells with particular stem cell-like properties. Among them, ABCB5 expressing cells have been defined as "Melanoma initiating cells" since they display an enhanced tumorigenicity in mice. As a member of the ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) transporters family, ABCB5 is thought to participate to the melanoma chemoresistance through a function of efflux. Here, we have studied the participation of ABCB5 expressing cells to chemoresistance in metastatic melanoma. We first investigated in vitro models of melanoma for their ability to mimic global resistance, in relation with thier ABC transporters expression. We then focused our study on the resistance of minor sub-populations. We confirmed that ABCB5 is expressed at the surface of a sub-population and we developed an experimental procedure to monitor this sub-population upon chemoterapeutic treatment. Using the WM-266-4 melanoma xenograft model, we demonstrated in vivo that ABCB5-expressing cells are enriched after a temozolomide treatment despite a significant tumor regression. We then monitored in vitro the evolution of the ABCB5-expressing cell sub-population upon pharmacologically active doses of dacarbazine. This observation has been extended to various chemotherapeutic drugs including the new targeted therapy developed in melanoma. We also demonstrated that melanoma cells are able to modulate ABCB5 expression upon pharmacological treatment. Taken together, our findings show that ABCB5-expressing cells are more resistant to the anti-melanoma chemotherapeutic drugs than cells of the tumor bulk. Nevertheless, a functional property of ABCB5 protein remains unclear in this phenotype. The question was addressed by using cellular model which stably overexpressed ABCB5 and by performing siRNA extinction experiments. Our data failed to show any functional evidence that ABCB5 can confer a selective advantage to melanoma cell. This remains a determining question we need in order to answer to establish the importance of ABCB5 in melanoma chemoresistance. Our results may be of particular importance in determining the clinical outcome of chemotherapeutic treatments and reinforce the interest of ABCB5 and ABCB5-expressing cells as potential therapeutic targets in melanoma
Do, Cao Minh Trang. "Études des interactions intra et intermoléculaires de BmrA : un transporteur ABC de multiples drogues chez Bacillus subtilis." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10098.
Full textCoumes, Stéphanie. "Les modules de "détection / résistance " aux antibiotiques peptidiques chez les firmicutes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22062/document.
Full textSignal transduction systems and ABC transporters often contribute jointly to adaptive bacterial responses to environmental changes. In Bacillus subtilis, three such pairs, thereafter called modules, are involved in responses to antibiotics: BceRSAB, PsdRSAB and YxdJKLM. They are characterized by a histidine kinase belonging to the Intramembrane Sensing – Histine Kinase family (IM-HK) and by a Membrane Spanning Domain (MSD) possessing an unusually large extracytoplasmic loop. Using a phylogenomic approach we were able to demonstrate that such modules, associating a phosphorelay and an ABC transporter, are specific but widespread in Firmicutes where they originated. This analyse highlight a highly dynamic evolutionary history involving numerous horizontal gene transfers, duplications and lost events, leading to a great variety of Bce-like module repertories in members of this bacterial phylum. Based on fine phylogenetic analyses, the Bce-like modules were divided into six well-defined subfamilies. Functional studies were performed on some members of subfamily IV comprising the bacitracin resistance module BceRSAB of B. subtilis, the expression of which being found to require, in the presence of bacitracin, the signal transduction system as well as the ABC transporter itself. The present results indicate that two other members of subfamily IV, YtsCD of B. licheniformis and BceAB of B. halodurans, were also found to participate in bacitracin resistance processes. The results also suggest that in these modules the ABC transporter works as the first sensor of the antibiotic and that it then activates the signal transduction system through an interaction between one of the two ABC transporter domains and the module kinase.Bacitracin dependent expression of bceAB and bacitracin resistance processes were shown to require the presence of the BceB translocator loop suggesting a crucial role for this loop as well at a functional level, as at a structural level.This study suggests that the original BceRSAB module regulatory mechanism might be generalised to other modules and would constitute an important common antibiotic resistance mechanism in Firmicutes which comprise many human pathogens
Steinfels, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation d'YvcC, transporteur ABC de Bacillus subtilis impliqué dans le transport de multiples drogues et notamment des antibiotiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10164.
Full textGally, Fabienne. "Etude structure/fonction d'une proteine ABC : SUR, le récepteur des sulfonylurées." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011848.
Full textABC, le récepteur des sulfonylurées (SUR) de la famille MRP/ABCC. SUR a un rôle régulateur essentiel : il confère au
canal une sensibilité accrue à l'inhibition par l'ATP, provoque son activation lorsque l'ADP augmente, et est la cible des
activateurs et bloqueurs pharmacologiques du canal.
Nous nous sommes intéressés à divers aspects structure/fonction de SUR en tant que modèle de transporteur ABC
eucaryote. Son couplage naturel à un canal ionique en facilite grandement l'étude grâce à la technique
électrophysiologique du patch-clamp.
La poursuite des travaux pour déterminer la nature moléculaire de la sélectivité des isoformes de SUR aux ouvreurs
pharmacologiques nous a permis de conclure que seul le faible encombrement de la Thr1253 de SUR2A, contre la Met
1290 de SUR1, serait le critère important pour l'activation pharmacologique des canaux KATP.
Nos travaux ont ensuite porté sur un domaine de la sous-unité SUR riche en acides aminés chargés négativement
(succession de 15 résidus glutamates ou aspartates) qui s'est avéré ne pas être impliquée dans la fonction du canal dans
notre système d'expression.
Nous avons étudié l'effet des ions Zn2+ et Cd2+ intracellulaires sur les canaux KATP et montré que ces ions peuvent activer
les canaux via leur liaison à SUR. Ce site de liaison reste encore à déterminer.
Nous avons enfin essayé de comprendre le rôle de chacun des domaines de liaison des nucléotides et nous avons pour cela
conçu des protéines SUR2A possédant des NBD identiques (NBD1-NBD1 et NBD2-NBD2) ou inversés (NBD2-NBD1).
Nos résultats suggèrent que (1) les NBD sont interchangeables (2) l'activation pas le Mg-ADP requiert les deux NBD (3)
l'action des ouvreurs est indépendante du NBD2.
Pouliot, Benoît. "Abc3, un transporteur vacuolaire exprimé en carence de fer chez la levure à fission." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4028.
Full textRavaud, Stéphanie. "Études fonctionnelles et structurales d'un transporteur membranaire de multiples drogues et de deux saccharose isomérases bactériennes." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10235.
Full textLingeswaran, Abarna. "Rôle clé du transporteur PptAB dans le quorum sensing chez Streptococcus thermophilus." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB013.
Full textIn Streptococcus thermophilus, the life cycle of signaling peptides called pheromones contributing to communication mechanisms named quorum sensing (QS) is divided into four steps. The synthesis of pheromones is followed by their maturation by the protease Eep and their secretion. At last, their re-internalisation by the oligopeptide transporter Ami is essential for their intracellular detection by transcriptional regulators called Rgg-like controlling the expression of target genes. The aim of my thesis was to valid the role of the transporter PptAB in the secretion of pheromones before identifying genes whose expression is dependent of this transporter in S. thermophilus.First, we confirmed the role of the transporter PptAB in the activation of three QS systems involving Rgg-like regulators. For that we used transcriptional fusions between a reporter gene coding the luciferase and the promoter of three target genes of these systems. We then showed that the transporter PptAB exports more likely only the mature form of pheromones by LC-MS/MS. Finally, we discovered that the expression of a set of genes located downstream of genes coding Rgg-like regulators is dependant of the transporter PptAB and also of the transporter Ami and the protease Eep by a global transcriptomic approach. Thereby, the transporters PptAB and Ami and the protease Eep regulate these targets by a same mechanism.Our work brought light on cross-talks between these systems which need to be deciphered
Kilburg, Arnaud. "Cristallisation du transporteur ABC BmrA de Bacillus subtilis : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de dosage des détergents par Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10116/document.
Full textOur project aims to determine the 3D structure of BmrA from Bacillus subtilis. The protein was purified in six different detergents. Using foscholine 12, led to crystallize OmpF, an outer membrane porin of E. coli. We show that the crystallization conditions directly influence the crystal packing of OmpF. The BmrA purification protocol optimized by using Triton X100 at the extraction and a mixture β-D-dodecyl-maltoside cholate for chromatographic steps allowed us to get to 4°C crystals, for which we verified they consist of BmrA. These crystals have yielded full data to 7 Å. These diffraction data are a significant advance in the short term to resolve the 3D structure of BmrA. We have developed a new detergents dosage assay which is based on the determination by MALDI-type mass ratio of deuterated isotopes / protonated. The method was validated with the FC12, the DDM, the β-OG, the LMNG, CHAPS, cholate detergents and calix [4] aréniques by measuring the concentration of these detergents in different conditions of extraction/ purification, concentration, dialysis and gel filtration, of different membrane proteins. This method allowed us (i) to estimate the size of the detergent belt associated to BmrA and other membrane proteins (ii) to modulate this size in terms of the detergent mixture and (iii) to provide information on the behavior of complex protein-detergent
Trompier, Doriane. "Étude du transporteur MRP1 humain responsable de la résistance de cellules cancéreuses à la chimiothérapie et recherche d'inhibiteurs spécifiques." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T115.
Full textBruneau, Alix. "Régulation de l'expression membranaire du transporteur de phospholipides biliaires ABCB4 : effet de mutations Functional Defect of Variants in the Adenosine Triphosphate–Binding Sites of ABCB4 and Their Rescue by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator, Ivacaftor (VX-770) Structural analogues of roscovitine rescue the intracellular traffic and the function of ER-retained ABCB4 variants in cell models." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS048.
Full textABCB4 is exclusively expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes where its function is to translocate phosphatidylcholine (PC) into bile. Variations in ABCB4 gene sequence are associated with several chronic and progressive liver diseases. The most severe is PFIC3 which develops early in childhood and most often requires liver transplantation. Less severe diseases are the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the low phospholipid- associated cholelithiasis syndrome which occur in young adults. Up to now, about 500 disease-causing ABCB4 variants have been reported. A challenge is to find pharmacological treatments for the severe forms of the diseases. We have studied the effect of five disease-causing variations that reside in the highly conserved motifs of ABC transporters, involved in ATP binding. Using three-dimension structural modeling and in vitro studies, we showed that the five mutants were normally processed and targeted to the plasma membrane, whereas their PC secretion activity was dramatically decreased. PC secretion activity of the mutants was rescued by the clinically approved CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770). These results pave the way for personalized therapy in ABCB4-related diseases.The second part of my project was aimed at investigating the potential role of two ABCB4 partners, the kinase MRCKalpha and its effector the myosin light chain II (MLCII) in the expression and function of ABCB4. We found that downregulation of both partners didn’t affect the canalicular localization of ABCB4 but led to a reduction of its endocytosis. Our results open new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ABCB4 expression and function
Mareux, Elodie. "Pharmacothérapie ciblée des déficits en ABCB11." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL083.
Full textABCB11/BSEP (Bile Salt Export Pump) is expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. It ensures bile acids secretion into bile which is essential for biliary secretion. Nearly 400 variations of the ABCB11 gene have been identified and are associated with rare hepatobiliary diseases, the most severe being progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). The effectiveness of medical treatments is limited. Consequently, liver transplantation is required before adulthood for almost 2/3 of PFIC2 patients. In this context, the identification of alternative therapies is a major challenge.This thesis focuses on personalized therapeutic strategies to correct the pathological consequences of some ABCB11 variations identified in patients. The A257V, G562D and T463I variations of ABCB11 were studied by 3D molecular modelling. These variations were responsible for a defect in Abcb11 transport function. Ivacaftor (VX-770, Kalydeco®), a clinically approved cystic fibrosis treatment, corrects the activity defect of the three variants.Similar effects were observed with GLPG1837, SBC040 and SBC219, known as potentiators of CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator).From a combinatory therapy perspective, we also demonstrated the ability of these potentiators to correct the transport defect of the R1090C and R1090W variants, potential readthrough products of the R1090X nonsense variant. We also evaluated the ability of Elexacaftor (VX-445) and Tezacaftor (VX 661) correctors of CFTR. These correctors, alone or in combination, restored trafficking of the R1128C missense variant, leading to a significant increase in the transport function. Interestingly, the addition of potentiators abolishes this effect.Altogether, this thesis constitutes a proof of concept that molecules with high therapeutic potential can correct the molecular defects of ABCB11 variants. These treatments could increase the pharmacopoeia available for patients with ABCB11 deficiency and thus delay or even suppress the need for liver transplantation
Garrigues, Alexia. "Mécanismes fonctionnels de la P-glycoprotéine : reconnaissance de composés cytotoxiques hydrophobes et interaction spécifique avec la membrane." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112056.
Full textP-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an active plasma membrane transporter involved in cellular, detoxification in several tissues. It actively expels out of cell a number of cytotoxic molecules, all amphiphilic but chemically unrelated. When P-gp is overexpressed in some cancer cells, it is responsible for the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype which reduces the effectiveness of various cytotoxic drugs used in anticancer chemotherapy. In order to identify molecular properties responsible for the binding selectivity of P-gp we combined a molecular modelling approach of several substrates and an enzymatic study. We determined the molecular characteristics of two different pharmacophores in the drug binding pocket of P-gp. This new model shows that the binding on P-gp is governed by the size of the substrates and overall by the intramolecular organisation of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains rather than by specific chemical motifs. .
Marchand, Laurène. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale d'un transporteur d'ATP/ADP chloroplastique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV020/document.
Full textATP is the main energy currency in the cell and its transport across membranes is essential for most of the metabolic reactions. A large number of ATP/ADP transporters are present in the different cell organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, other types of plastids and some are also found in bacteria (Rickettsia prowazekii, Protoclamydiae amoebophila) (Trentmann et al, 2007). The team is mainly interested in two distinct transporters families, the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) and the NTT family. Despite similar function, mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporters (Pebay-Peyroula et al, 2003) and NTT proteins exhibit different structural and biochemical properties. To date no structural information is available on the NTT family. The determination of a structure would help for understanding the transport mechanism of these carriers and more generally the different mechanisms of the transport of ADP and ATP within the cell.We initiated a structure-function study on the NTT family focusing on chloroplast transporters from Arabidopsis thaliana and also from bacteria. My thesis is focused on chloroplast NTT1 and NTT2. These isoforms are localized in the inner membrane of chloroplast. They transport ATP inside the chloroplast in order to supply the different reactions occurring in the stroma when the photosynthesis does not occur.We have determined and optimized conditions to overexpress these 2 isoforms in heterologous systems and to purify the protein in detergents. We have also set up tools to characterize the carrier in solution and to measure its transport activity opening the way to functional and structural studies. We obtained promising crystallization hits
Gauthier, Charlotte. "Identification et mécanisme d'action de modulateurs sélectifs du transporteur ABCG2 responsable de la chimiorésistance de cellules cancéreuses." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995077.
Full textLhermusier, Thibault. "Régulation plaquettaire : ciblage de la protéine kinase Syk dans les HIT et rôle du transporteur lipidique ABCA1 dans les fonctions plaquettaires." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1698/.
Full textPlatelet activation at sites of vascular injury is essential for haemostasis. Next to this critical role in bleeding arrest, platelets are involved in thrombotic diseases such atherothrombosis or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Therefore, they are targets of antithrombotic therapies. We have studied the mechanisms of platelet activation in two pathological situations; HIT with the tyrosine kinase Syk as a key player and Tangier disease resulting of a loss of function of the ABCA1 lipid transporter. HIT is a prothrombotic and potentially devastating complication of heparin therapy due to formation of platelet-activating antibodies directed against complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. These antibodies contribute to clear platelet from the circulation and activate, by their Fc fragment, Fc?RIIA receptors on platelet surface or FcgRI and FcgRII receptors on monocyte, leading to platelet aggregation and tissue factor expression by monocytes. We have shown that Syk activation is crucial for platelet activation (signalization, secretion, aggregation, microparticle generation) initiated by anti-PF4/heparin antibodies from sera of patients suffering from HIT. Interestingly, Syk inhibition also prevented tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity of moncytic cells induced by these antibodies. We propose that Syk inhibitors, initially developed as a potential treatment of autoimmune disease, may be of therapeutic interest in the treatment of HIT. ABCA1 has been demonstrated to be crucial in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by loading cholesterol and phospholipids into ApoA-I to generate high density lipoproteins. Its defect is associated to circulating lipid disturbance but also to hemorrhagic diathesis. Surprisingly, using ABCA1 knock-out mice, we have demonstrated that this transporter is neither implicated in phosphatidyserine exposure, a mechanism leading to the procoagulant activity of activated platelets, nor in the control of platelet membranes cholesterol content. However, mouse platelets deficient for ABCA1 have an increased size and a defect in response to low doses of agonists such as thrombin and collagen. Our data indicate that ABCA1 is involved in the efficiency of platelet signal transduction, particularly in the activation of Akt. These studies have characterized key players of platelet activation and suggest new strategies in the development of antithrombotic therapies
David, Marion. "Identification and functional characterization of an ABC transporter of Haemonchus contortus, the P-glycoprotein 13." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30206/document.
Full textMacrocyclic lactones (ML) are paralyzing anthelmintics used in animals and humans against parasite nematodes. However, their therapeutic success is compromised by the spread of ML resistance. This might be at least partly due to P-glycoproteins (Pgps) ABC transporters that are selected and overexpressed in ML-resistant nematodes. Deciphering the role of the 10 Pgps expressed in the parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus is thus of major importance to guaranty anthelmintic (AH) efficacy of various drugs. Here we focused on Hco-Pgp-13 due to the expression in the amphids of its closest ortholog in the model nematode C. elegans. Indeed, the amphids represent a putative entry route of drugs to reach AH targets in the nervous system and have been linked to AH susceptibility in C. elegans and H. contortus. In order to predict the capacity of nematode Pgps to transport drugs, including ML and otherAH, we have developed an in silico drug docking model. We have used C. elegans Pgp-1 (Cel-Pgp-1) crystal structure and have showed a high affinity binding of several ligands that have been shown to be activators of its ATPase function. ML were also found to bind with high affinity to Cel-Pgp-1, on a specific binding site. This approach provides a valuable tool to predict drug-drug interactions and to rationally design new competitive inhibitors of nematode Pgps, in order to improve anthelmintic therapeutics. We then predicted a putative 3D structure of Hco-Pgp-13 based on the recently released crystal of Cel-Pgp-1, with which it presented a high homology. This allowed the study of the interaction of Hco-Pgp-13 with potential substrates, in particular ML. We found similar affinities for various drugs previously tested on Cel-Pgp-1, supporting the good homology of these two proteins. Together with in vitro ATPase assay experiments that confirmed the substrate status of actinomycin D, this indicates a possible multispecifc recognition capacity of this parasitic transporter. The determination of Hco-Pgp-13 localization using immunohistochemistry showed a wide tissue expression consistent with a critical role for Hco-Pgp-13 in endogenous and/or exogenous substrate transport. In conclusion, this work provides insights into the role of nematode Pgps in transporting AH drugs, both at the level of the model organism C. elegans and of the parasitic nematode H. contortus. This suggests a high homology of function conserved between ABC tranporters in these species. The localization of such protein on amphidial structures and its possible involvement in drug resistance and survival of H. contortus to exposure to AH compounds remain to be precised
Marty, Loic. "Structures et spécificités de Protéines Périplasmiques de Fixation pour les mannityl-opines chez Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS238/document.
Full textAgrobacterium tumefaciens pathogenic agent confers the development of tumors in plants, in which it proliferates, integrating a fragment of its virulence Ti plasmid into its host genome. Transformed tissues synthesize original compounds, called opines, used as specific nutrients by the bacterium. More than twenty opines are known so far, and each one of them can be metabolized by A. tumefaciens strains possessing its associated transport and catabolism genes, which appears as a competitive advantage in the tumor colonization. The presence of these genes relies on the Ti plasmid type a pathogenic strain possesses. A. tumefaciens B6 possesses an octopine-type pTi, which harbors the metabolism genes of the mannityl-opines, which are mannopine, mannopinic acid, agropine and agropinic acid. Mannopine and mannopinic acid are synthesized by the same enzyme, and their precursors are deoxy-fructosyl-glutamine (DFG) and deoxy-fructosyl-glutamate (DFGA) respectively, both opines of the chrysopine family. DFG is also a wide-spread Amadori compound which can be uptaken by numerous organisms. Mannopine is a precursor for agropine synthesis. Finally, mannopine, mannopinic acid and agropine can spontaneously lactamize into agropinic acid.Despite the chemical similarity of these four opines, each one is transported by a different periplasmic binding protein (PBP) associated with an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. The PBP selects and binds one opine to bring it to the ABC transporter, which allows the passage of the opine to the cytoplasm due to two ATP molecules hydrolysis. The whole transporter specificity is determined by the PBP.Genetic studies in strains possessing an octopine-type pTi showed that AgaABCD PBP-ABC transporter system is specific to agropinic acid, AgtABCD to agropine, MoaABCD to mannopinic acid and that MotABCD transports mannopine and also mannopinic acid. In C58 strain, which do not possess an octopine-type pTi, SocAB transport system, coded by genes located on the cryptic pAt plasmid, allows the transport of DFG as a nutrient, and seems able to import mannopine too.My thesis work allowed, first, to characterize the strong affinities and the specificity of PBPs AgaA and AgtB to agropinic acid, PBP MoaA to mannopinic acid and PBP SocA to DFG, and also MotA unspecificity toward mannopine, mannopinique acid and DFG, which leads to a revision of the previously described affinities of AgtB and SocA. Secondly, this work brought molecular and structural basis of PBP-mannityl-opine complexes, never described before. Finally, the structure of PBP AttC, annotated as a mannopine binding-like protein in C58, was determined, and interactions experiments showed that it binds no mannityl-opines, leading to a revision of its annotation.My work sheds light on the mannityl-opines importation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The fact that none of the studied transport system allows agropine import lets think that there is another unknown PBP or another unknown whole transport system assuming this role, opening new ways to new studies about octopine- and agropine-type pTis
Colombo, Tristan. "Algorithmes pour la recherche de classes de gènes en relations fonctionnelles par analyse de proximités et de similarités de séquences." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008447.
Full text