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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transportation Transportation and state Environmental policy'
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1
Wong, Hiu-Nga Daisy. "Environmental quality and transport policy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23501777.
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Lee, Sin-yee Cindy. "Developing a sustainable transport system in Hong Kong : the nature and impacts of planning and policy constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906602.
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Wong, Hiu-Nga Daisy, and 黃曉雅. "Environmental quality and transport policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945624.
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Lee, Sin-yee Cindy, and 李倩儀. "Developing a sustainable transport system in Hong Kong: the nature and impacts of planning and policy constraints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125973X.
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Alexander, Serena E. "From Planning to Action: An Evaluation of State Level Climate Action Plans." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1470908879.
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Rosell, i. Segura Jordi. "Essays on Mobility and Environmental Policies in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458237.
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Europe's cities – home to 70% of the EU population and generating over 80% of the Union's GDP - are connected by one of the world's best transport systems (European Commission Regional Policy, 2011). The Barcelona metropolitan area is home to 3 million people and occupies a surface area of 636 km2.
This thesis, is structured into four chapters and this introductory one. While chapter two analyze mobility characteristic in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area with policy implications, chapter three and four pursue to evaluate specific mobility policies. On chapter 5 concludes and add policy recommendations.
On chapter 2 we analyze the factors influencing CO2 emissions from daily urban mobility. Concerns about the unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions attributable to mobility are gaining increasing attention in scholarly analyses as well as in the public policy arena. Factors influencing on different emitters are largely unknown; and the influence is assumed to be the same for all emitters, be them low or high emitters. We use a household travel survey in the metropolitan area of Barcelona to differentiate the factors that result in different rates of emission. As a results, we find that top ten per cent emitters produce 49% of total emissions, while non-daily emitters account for 38.5% of the sample. We adopt a quantile regression approach, which allows us to find significant differences between groups. Gender, income and home-municipality type are influential in accounting for CO2 emissions for all groups. Educational level appears to be less significant, and occupation shows no significance at all. We confirm that socioeconomic factors have different influences on different emitting groups; these characteristics do not impact equally across all the population.
On chapter 3 two speed management policies – a variable speed system and an 80 km/h speed limit – have been implemented on Barcelona’s urban motorways to mitigate NOx and PM10 air pollution. In 2008, the maximum speed limit was reduced from 120 and 100 km/h to 80 km/h and, in 2009, a variable speed system was introduced on some metropolitan motorways. To do so, we use difference-in-differences methodology on the average and on different quantiles for fixed effect panel data, which allows us analyzing different scenarios. We find that the variable speed system improves air quality with regard to the two pollutants considered here, being most effective when nitrogen oxide levels are not too low and when particulate matter concentrations are below extremely high levels. However, reducing the maximum speed limit from 120/100 km/h to 80 km/h has no effect - or even a slightly increasing effect -on the two pollutants, depending on the pollution scenario.
On chapter 4 we compare the relative merits of public and private delivery within a mixed delivery system. We study the role played by ownership, transaction costs, and competition on local public service delivery within the same jurisdiction. Using a stochastic cost frontier, we analyze the public-private urban bus system in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. Academics and policy makers are increasingly shifting the debate concerning the best form of public service provision beyond the traditional dilemma between pure public and pure private delivery modes, because, among other reasons, there is a growing body of evidence that casts doubt on the existence of systematic cost savings from privatization, while any competition seems to be eroded over time. We find that private firms have higher delivery costs than those incurred by the public firm, especially when transaction costs are taken into account. Furthermore, tenders tend to decrease delivery costs.Esta tesis doctoral pretende analizar las políticas públicas de movilidad y medio ambiente en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Fuertes externalidades negativas en congestión, efectos ambientales nocivos de polución así como la generación de gases de efectos invernadero se dan en esta área. Se analizan tres políticas públicas de movilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. En concreto, se analizan los factores socioeconómicos que afectan a la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, un sistema de gestión mixta de autobuses urbano, entre la compañía pública concesiones privadas de autobuses que discurren por la misma zona y, por último, se analizan las políticas de reducción de la velocidad máxima de 120 a 80 km/h entre el año 2008 y 2010, así como la política de velocidad variable introducida en 2009. Los factores socioeconómicos no son un gran descriptor de las emisiones de efecto invernadero en la movilidad diaria. Sin embargo, se encuentran diferencias de efecto entre los diferentes tipos de emisores al aplicar técnicas de cuantiles. Se encuentra que la última decila más contaminante emite casi la mitad de las emisiones de gases invernadero. Así, se obtiene un coeficiente del índice de Gini de 0.491. Para el caso del área de Barcelona, se encuentra que la política de peajes de acceso a Barcelona es insuficiente. La política de prestación mixta en el caso de Barcelona ha implicado que el operador público es mucho más eficiente al prestar el servicio que los concesionarios privados en la misma zona. Uno de los principales motivos es la falta de competencia por los contratos de prestación de servicio a los operadores privados. Además, se ha incorporado los costes de transacción del regulador. La política de reducción de la velocidad máxima de 120/100 a 80 km/h no tiene efectos en los niveles de NOx y PM10 una vez aplicada. No se recomienda la activación de esta política los días con unos altos niveles de contaminación. Sin embargo, la política de reducción de la velocidad variable tiene efectos sobre la reducción de estos contaminantes. Así, recomendamos la extensión de esta política a otras vías.
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Siddique, Sharif Rayhan. "Development of policies to ameliorate the environmental impact of cars in Perth City, using the results of a stated preference survey and air pollution modelling." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0165.
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[Truncated abstract] Air pollution is increasingly perceived to be a serious intangible threat to humanity, with air quality continuing to deteriorate in most urban areas. The main sources of inner city pollution are motor vehicles, which generate emissions from the tail pipe as well as by evaporation. These contain toxic gaseous components which have adverse health effects. The major components are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulates (PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are major emissions from cars. This study focuses on pollutant concentration in Perth city and has sought to develop measures to improve air quality. To estimate concentrations, the study develops air pollution models for CO and NOx; on the basis of the model estimates, effective policy is devised to improve the air quality by managing travel to the city. Two peaks, due to traffic, are observed in hourly CO and NOx concentrations. Unlike traffic, however, the morning peak does not reach the level of the afternoon peak. The reasons for this divergence are assessed and quantified. Separate causal models of hourly concentrations of CO and NOx explain their fluctuations accurately. They take account of the complex effects of the urban street canyon and winds in the city. The angle of incidence of the wind has significant impact on pollution level; a wind flow from the south-west increases pollution and wind from the north-east decreases it. The models have been shown to be equivalent to engineering and scientific models in estimating emission rate in the context of street canyons. However the study models are much more precise in the Perth context. ... The models are used to calculate the marginal effects for all attributes and elasticity for fuel price. In almost all attributes the non-work group is more responsive than the work group. Finally, the SP model results are integrated into an econometric model for the purpose of prediction. The travel behaviour prediction is used to estimate the policy impact on air quality. The benefit from the air quality improvement is reported in terms of life saved. The estimated relationships between probability of death and air pollution determines the number of lives that could be saved under various policy scenarios. A ratio of benefits to the financial and perceived sacrifices by drivers is calculated to compare the effectiveness of the suggested policies. A car size charge policy was found to be the most cost effective measure to ameliorate the environmental impact of cars in Perth, with a morning peak entry time charge being almost as cost effective. The study demonstrates the need for appropriate modelling of air pollution and travel behaviour. It brings together analytical methods at three levels of causality, vehicle to air pollution, charge to travel response, and air pollution to health.
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Lo, Sze-yuen Henri. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595157.
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Taylor, Brian D. "When finance leads planning : the influence of public finance on transportation planning and policy in California /." Berkeley : University of California Transportation Center, 1992. http://www.uctc.net/research/diss001.pdf.
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Siu, Wai-ming. "The development of transport policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339160.
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Sandoval, López Reynaldo. "Quantitative analysis of alternative transportation under environmental constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34661.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
This thesis focuses on the transportation sector and its role in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and conventional pollutant emissions. Specifically, it analyzes the potential for hydrogen based transportation, introducing this technological option within a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the economy. The transportation sector accounts for an important part of CO2 emissions and analyses that have imposed carbon limits on the economy have shown relatively limited reductions in transportation emissions with current technology, thus the interest in technological options that would make it economic to reduce emissions. The US Federal government has been particularly focused on developing fuel cell technology for vehicles that, when powered by hydrogen, would offer a technological solution that potentially eliminates emissions of both CO2 and other conventional pollutants from the transportation sector. This work examines the economic conditions under which such a technology might successfully compete in the market. The thesis begins with an overview of the fuel-cell vehicle technology and the technologies used to produce hydrogen. This review serves as a basis for modeling this technological option.
(cont.) The main conclusions are the following: * Under market conditions and in the absence of climate policy that would price carbon, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles penetrate the USA market when the cost of vehicles is no more than 1.30 times the cost of conventional vehicles, and assuming hydrogen can be produced at 1.30 times the 1997 price of gasoline. Even if this cost target is reached and hydrogen vehicles enter the market, CO2 emissions for the US are reduced only very slightly because coal is used to produce the hydrogen and there is no incentive to sequester the carbon when the hydrogen is produced. * The existing fuel tax structure in Europe strongly favors the entry of hydrogen transportation, even when hydrogen is taxed at the same rate as gasoline. This is because the hydrogen vehicles are more efficient, and assuming the tax rate is per unit of energy, this implies a lower tax per vehicle mile traveled. Entry is possible in the middle of the century when hydrogen vehicles are twice as expensive as conventional ...
by Renaldo Sandoval López.
S.M.
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Kwong, Lau Po-yuk Christina. "A study of the development of transport policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295375.
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Yuen, Hong-shing Honson. "Why is Hong Kong's policy toward franchised bus incremental?" Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295752.
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Khan, Azhar Mansur. "Preliminary cost-benefit study of supersonic commercial air transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28951.
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Cortes, Margaret T. (Margaret Therese) 1974. "Benefits of emerging transportation technologies : simulation analysis and policy issues." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8038.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-98).
This thesis explores the quantification of transportation technology benefits, through simultaneous consideration of technical and policy issues. Benefits are first defined and identified based on current literature and discussions. Key benefits include delay impacts, safety impacts and environmental concerns. A key element of such quantification and analysis is traffic simulation. MITSIMLab, a microscopic traffic simulator, has been recently enhanced to replicate transportation technologies and applications such as traffic signal priority and advanced vehicle location for transit. In addition, the existing capability for modeling incident detection and management is reviewed. These applications are tested on a traffic network on Stockholm, Sweden, about to undergo new construction and development. The implementations are demonstrated to be effective in a quantitative and qualitative manner, and successful in illustrating the benefits of signal priority for transit as well as the integration of different technologies in the simulation itself. Through the case study, this capability is contrasted with the ability of MITSIMLab to depict impacts of infrastructure changes. Benefits quantification is discussed through post-processing MITSIMLab output measures such as travel time statistics. Benefits evaluation is necessarily intertwined with policy development. The technical analysis of the Stockholm network is framed with an investigation of transportation policy issues in the US and Sweden. Fundamental policy issues of stakeholder cooperation, technical integration and regional integration are identified, then explored in the context of benefits evaluation.
by Margaret T. Cortes.
S.M.in Transportation
S.M.
16
De, Serres Martine. "Environmental policymaking for air transportation : toward an emissions trading system." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112600.
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Aviation is at a turning point. Considerable improvements in aircraft emissions efficiencies are expected through technological improvements, air traffic management, and managerial strategies. But global demand for air travel is increasing at an even faster rate. Mostly for political reasons, aviation has been left behind in international efforts to tackle climate change. However, increasing pressure is on the industry for immediate action, thus making further delays impossible.This thesis is an attempt to determine the best possible course of action for the industry. To this end, it begins by assessing contemporary understanding of aviation's impact on the environment, and provides an overview of efforts being made toward reducing aircraft emissions. It then examines various policymaking tools available to best address the issue, concluding with an emissions trading system. Finally, design characteristics of such a system are suggested, and used to provide an analysis of the European attempt to include aviation into its own emissions trading system.
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Ripplinger, David. "Organizing Transit in Small Urban and Rural Communities." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26729.
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The justification of government support of rural transit on the basis of the presence of increasing returns to scale and the most efficient regional organization of transit is investigated. Returns to density, size, and scope at most levels of output were found. Cost subadditivity, where a monopoly firm can provide service at a lower cost than two firms, was found for many, but not all observations. The presence of natural monopoly in rural transit in a strict sense is rejected. The findings and implications are directly applicable to rural transit in North Dakota and should be helpful in informing future federal policy as well as rural transit policy, service design, and operation in other states.
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McWhorter, Ryan Wren 1973. "A cost efficient maintenance inventory policy for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80160.
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Song, Xiang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Scenarios discovery : robust transportation policy analysis in Singapore using microscopic traffic simulator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82852.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101).
One of the main challenges of making strategic decisions in transportation is that we always face a set of possible future states due to deep uncertainty in traffic demand. This thesis focuses on exploring the application of model-based decision support techniques which characterize a set of future states that represent the vulnerabilities of the proposed policy. Vulnerabilities here are interpreted as states of the world where the proposed policy fails its performance goal or deviates significantly from the optimum policy due to deep uncertainty in the future. Based on existing literature and data mining techniques, a computational model-based approach known as scenario discovery is described and applied in an empirical problem. We investigated the application of this new approach in a case study based on a proposed transit policy implemented in Marina Bay district of Singapore. Our results showed that the scenario discovery approach performs well in finding the combinations of uncertain input variables that will result in policy failure.
by Xiang Song.
S.M.in Transportation
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Chan, Wing-yiu. "A review of the public transport policy in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339020.
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Nishimura, Taku 1968. "Dynamic strategic planning for transportation infrastructure investment in Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80188.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology and Policy Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).
by Taku Nishimura.
S.M.
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Bloomfield, Jessica. "An Alternative Alternative: The Road to Sustainable Transportation Law." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13238.
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The dominance of motor vehicle use throughout America reflects a massive government intervention on behalf of automobiles. Congress directs billions of dollars into America's highway system annually, assuming that building new roadways is the best option to move people and goods from one place to another. These policies stand in direct contradiction to today's travel patterns.
This research examines ways to improve federal law to achieve a more sustainable transportation future. First, it identifies the specific provisions in federal transportation law that inhibit the development of "low-build" transportation projects. Second, it describes challenges to halting roadway construction through litigation in federal court.
Understanding the problems of federal transportation law and litigation sheds light on the ways to make positive change in the next federal surface transportation reauthorization. This research culminates in recommendations for how Congress can implement policies that require a comprehensive approach to transportation planning.
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Wong, Chi-kwong Patrick. "Development of transport policy for public light buses in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967383.
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Lo, Sze-yuen Henri, and 盧思遠. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31595157.
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Siu, Wai-ming, and 蕭偉明. "The development of transport policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945570.
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Turk, Daniel John. "A dynamic framework for transportation policy design : the case of the Boston Olympics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34091.
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Chan, Yuen Tak-fai Dorothy, and 陳阮德徽. "A study of transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231767.
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Conklin, Christopher Ryan 1974. "Using scenarios in regional strategic transportation planning : an evolving methodology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80605.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-253).
by Christopher Ryan Conklin.
S.M.
29
Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.
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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate
historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major
urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's
widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban
railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in
detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly
developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The
llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for
the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built
suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements
of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early
basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and
maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and
government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of
private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government
owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting
practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths
concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political
view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the
private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary
narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible
explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical
economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate
of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of
government.
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Leung, Suk-ching Olivia. "Pressure groups and transport policy : a study of the role and effectiveness of the Automobile Association /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12816954.
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Wu, Wai-yu Sharon, and 吳惠如. "Promoting green modes of transportation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261176.
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Voigtlaender, Nico 1977. "A dynamic input-output model to project U.S. freight transportation demand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30030.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-161).
Understanding and modeling U.S. freight transportation demand is essential for infrastructure planning, the development of transportation-related regulatory frameworks, and the assessment of environmental implications. However, existing models that forecast U.S. freight transportation demand are very complicated and require a vast computational effort. In the following, I develop a simpler, yet more effective, model to project economic performance and the resulting freight transportation demand. I analyze and project economic growth and structural change using an input-output framework. This economic part of my model projects U.S. commodity output values for the next two decades. In the second part of my model, commodity values are transformed into quantities of freight transportation demand. The latter are the basis for deriving environmental implications of growing freight shipment activities. In the analysis of model outputs, I examine a significant trend towards relatively light, high-value commodities, which reflects ongoing dematerialization in the U.S. economy. Nevertheless, these commodities promote a shift towards faster, more energy-intensive freight transport modes, which gives reason for environmental concern and requires regulatory action to support less carbon-intensive freight transportation.
by Nico Voigtlaender.
S.M.
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Hung, Wing-tat, and 熊永達. "Transport, energy and environment: a model for policy evaluation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234914.
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Hannon, David. "Challenges and opportunities in environmental planning and permitting on transportation design-build projects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49057.
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Environmental planning and permitting for transportation projects is often seen as one of the top reasons for project delay. On design-build projects, this process is often treated as the critical path to advertising the project and on all transportation projects many critical phases of the project such as right of way acquisition, final design, and construction cannot begin until the environmental planning process is complete.
The objective of this research is to identify challenges to the environmental planning and permitting process and opportunities for managing those challenges.
To identify these challenges and opportunities, a synthesis of transportation and design-build research was done along with interviews with agencies leaders at seven State Departments of Transportation (DOTs). Once these challenges and opportunities were identified, example environmental planning documents and requests for proposals were reviewed from various State DOTs to document their usage. Additionally follow up interviews were conducted with environmental planning experts with experience on design-build projects from six of the State DOTs that were previously interviewed.
This research contributes to the state of knowledge through providing comprehensive information on environmental planning and permitting challenges that must be managed on design-build transportation projects and opportunities for managing these challenges. Managing the identified challenges by utilizing these opportunities provides transportation agencies with opportunities to make the environmental planning and permitting process on design-build projects more efficient. This research contributes to the state of practice of transportation agencies through providing opportunities for streamlining environmental analysis and permitting that is vital to transportation agencies who strive to accelerate the delivery of design-build projects.
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Sgoutas, Konstantinos. "Effectiveness of electric vehicles vs. vehicle technologies : a case study in environmental transportation policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46448.
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Leung, Suk-ching Olivia, and 梁淑貞. "Pressure groups and transport policy: a studyof the role and effectiveness of the Automobile Association." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963808.
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Kam, Yee-sheung Karen. "A study of the Hong Kong government's transport policy : the formulation of a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to solving traffic congestion in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17507546.
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Khalifa, Rafaa Ibrahim. "Evaluating Project Assessment Techniques for High-Profile Transportation Projects Development and Delivery: Case of State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the United States." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5109.
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Time delays and cost overruns in construction projects are generally due to factors such as inappropriate planning, design errors, unexpected site conditions, inadvisable tools selection, change scope, weather conditions, lack of resources, and other project changes. Time delays and cost overruns are of concern to most project managers, owners, and governments. These elements of time and cost are two of the critical defects that impact the construction project delivery. These defects can lead to project failures and to various negative issues like increasing in disagreements among the project team, the contractor, suppliers, and the owner.
State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the U.S. continue to spend heavily on roads, highways, and bridges construction, as well as development, maintenance, and expansion. This continued financial commitment reflects decades of commitment to improve the transportation service for safer and better use by the general public. Despite the notable efforts from most of the states to develop the transportation infrastructure, budget restrictions and lack of funds are some of the major challenges faced by DOTs.
Highway and bridge infrastructure has a high potential growth in the U.S. construction market. Well-organized highway and bridge project investment decision-making becomes increasingly crucial in the transportation sector. In this research, transportation is specified to highway and bridge projects, and it focused on high-profile projects. These projects are defined as high-cost projects, and are associated with higher project delivery risk (typically $100 - $500 million).
All states are working with their state transportation plan, listing the projects based on each state priorities and population growth. Proper planning leads to the right decision regarding selecting the best alternative within budget, and it must reflect certain core principles, including a comprehensive analysis. To facilitate such a decision process, decision makers need a trusted decision model that considers all important options and impacts. By using a decision model, decision-making will not be subjectively influenced to favor one option or group. The decision model becomes the primary tool for selecting the best option, based on its structure levels, perspectives, sub-criteria, and experts’ input. Recently, there is an apparent need for a decision model to help DOTs evaluating their options. Effective project delivery assessment tools, techniques, or practices are strongly needed to improve transportation construction projects’ performance.
The research objective is to develop a comprehensive decision model that can be used by project managers and their teams to choose the most effective project assessment technique for measuring the success of performance and outcomes related to the delivery of transportation projects. This research was focused on the assessment techniques that are used in the development phase within the transportation project lifecycle phases.
To this end, the research identified and screened the innovative assessment tools and techniques of project delivery that the transportation and other industries have used by reviewing numerous of academic literature and technical reports. Based on the review, value optimization elements such as cost, time, performance, risk, and resources were selected to be the primary evaluation criteria that lead to achieving the model objective. Also, the model sub-criteria were investigated and selected based on the literature review and direct discussion with some experts such as project managers, civil engineers, and value management consultants.
The outcome analysis of the results showed that in terms of objectives that performance efficiency was rated the highest importance with respect to the mission, while resources presented the lowest importance from an overall assessment point of view. The results showed that Alternative 4, the VE-RACRDAM technique, was ranked as the most important alternative among others followed by Alternative 5, while Alternative 2 was ranked the least important. A five scenarios analysis was applied to measure the sensitivity of the effects of changing the relative importance of the assessment criteria on alternatives’ rankings. Results showed that Alternative 4 was maintained as the most effective assessment technique among the other alternatives in the five scenarios.
In the end, experts were asked to validate the final research results, and they confirmed that the results were appropriate and valid. The validity of the decision model and findings of this research contribute new insights into the transportation construction industry as the case of state departments of transportation. Also, the experts agreed that this decision model is generalizable and could be used in other industries. Therefore, the model significantly contributes to the project management knowledge, and construction project development and delivery success.
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Seki, Stephanie M. "Evaluating the Economic, Environmental and Policy Impacts of Ethanol as a Transportation Fuel in Pennsylvania." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/694.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas is a growing energy source in the US for various end-uses, and its potential future as a transportation fuel has been the focus of recent policy discussions. Nationally, ethanol is blended with gasoline up to 10% for conventional vehicles, and up to 85% (E85) for use in Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs). Federal mandates require increasing ethanol use in the transportation sector. Meeting the mandates could mean increasing the blend in conventional gasoline, or increasing the use of E85 in FFVs. This dissertation explores the economic, environmental and policy effects from producing ethanol from natural gas, and generally expanding access to ethanol as a transportation fuel (feedstock agnostic). Three processes are considered for producing ethanol from natural gas: (1) autothermal reforming (ATR) with catalytic conversion, (2) TCX, a process that produces intermediate products of methanol and acetic acid, developed by Celanese Corp., and (3) a fermentation process developed by Coskata Inc. I first estimate the cost of producing ethanol from natural gas to power light-duty FFVs in Pennsylvania (PA). Relying on production cost estimates provided by developers and assuming recent natural gas and gasoline prices are good proxies for future prices, I conclude that the cost of producing ethanol with either the Coskata or ATR processes would more likely than not be cheaper than gasoline and corn-based ethanol. However, capital costs from these emerging processes and future natural gas and gasoline prices are highly uncertain. The NGLF ethanol must also have acceptable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for which an estimate is not currently available in the literature. I find the average life cycle GHG emissions for a 100-yr global warming potential (GWP) are 137 g CO2-eqiuv/MJ (ATR Catalytic), 119 g CO2-eqiuv/MJ (Celanese TCX) and 156 g CO2-eqiuv/MJ (Coskata fermentation), given the uncertainty in some parameters the estimate could be slightly higher or lower. All processes have life cycle emissions well above gasoline, and the 20% reduction from gasoline required by the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2). Even in the unlikely scenario of zero emissions from the upstream processes, NGLF ethanol process and combustion emissions are still larger than gasoline, although with more overlap in the error bars. More detailed life cycle assessments with process modeling could refine the emissions estimates. Existing policies incentivize ethanol produced from renewable sources, but no current policy provisions specifically incentivize the use or production of ethanol produced from natural gas. I conclude the dissertation with estimates of additional refueling costs for an FFV driver and infrastructure costs for expanding E85 access in Pennsylvania. The state recently received government grants for biofuels infrastructure. I find that even with a subsidy to cover average infrastructure costs of $0.03 to $1.48 per gasoline gallon equivalent (gge) for the retailer, the consumer would still incur additional costs for refueling more often with E85. A refueling cost subsidy of $3.60/gge to cover the additional costs is also higher than historical ethanol subsidies. Additionally, a subsidy to encourage E85 use could reduce emissions at a cost equivalent to $1,320/metric ton CO2, which is approximately two orders of magnitude above the average social cost of carbon. Therefore, reducing emissions through more ethanol fuel use is not a cost-effective mitigation strategy.
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Tsipis, Yanni Kosta 1979. "Managing the development of the real estate portfolios of state transportation authorities in the Boston area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17546.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references.
This study explores the question of whether it is possible to maximize the value of the real estate portfolios of the Commonwealth's transportation authorities while respecting these authorities' respective core public missions. This study develops several major policy initiatives designed to responsibly facilitate real estate disposition programs that maximize the benefits to the sponsoring authority, but concludes that real estate cannot be treated as a primary source of financing for an authority's capital or operating programs. The policy initiatives proposed in this study include: revised institutional approaches to the development process, new legislation to allow for greater flexibility in negotiating development arrangements and project procurements, and an innovative program intended to make authority-owned development parcels accessible to a broader real estate investment and development market by breaking down the existing barriers to entry in to authority-sponsored development processes. The study includes three case studies that demonstrate challenges and complexities currently facing the real estate development and disposition programs of the Commonwealth's three major transportation authorities. These challenges include high procedural barriers to entry that present the private sector with significant disincentives to participate in authority-sponsored disposition processes, statutory restrictions that hinder the negotiation of creative development arrangements, the potential for real estate disposition programs to distract agencies from their core public function, and the general impression among the private sector development community that state-sponsored development processes are inherently prone to significantly greater risks and uncertainty than private deals. The study was based in part on a series of in-depth interviews with development professionals and current and former government officials, as well as on the findings of an extensive review of past development initiatives sponsored by the Commonwealth's transportation agencies.
by Yanni Kosta Tsipis.
S.M.
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Tzegaegbe, Jacob. "Moving America forward: lessons from the Eisenhower Interstate System applied to a National Infrastructure Bank." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47685.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to outline steps that the Obama Administration could take to help pass legislation for an innovative funding mechanism known as a National Infrastructure Bank (NIB). The recommended steps are based on a historical analysis of the leadership provided by Presidents Roosevelt and Eisenhower when passing the original bills that authorized the Interstate system. Key policy recommendations include: framing the need for an NIB as a means of economic growth and natural disaster resilience, building strategic stakeholder support through education, and engaging and compromising with Congress while developing the NIB proposal. If successfully applied, these lessons can contribute to enabling the creation of an NIB that would increase infrastructure investment by billions of dollars while rehabilitating the struggling economy and transportation network.
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Kwong, Lau Po-yuk Christina, and 鄺劉寶玉. "A study of the development of transport policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966548.
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Hesen, Anneloes 1979. "Performance indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of structural reform of the Chicago public transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27013.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-95).
This thesis anticipates the need for structural change within public transportation systems and the need for clear goals and indicators relating to structural reform to provide real time course correction and periodic evaluation of goal achievement. The research is applied to the Chicago public transportation system because this system is currently experiencing problems and structural reform may be considered in the (near) future. Also, because structural change should deal with problems experienced in a particular system, performance should be evaluated primarily within that system over time and, physical and socioeconomic differences among regions make it difficult to compare systems across metropolitan areas. Literature review indicates that the focus of transit agencies is shifting from design standards to indicators that include a customer perspective. Main stakeholders to be represented in the performance indicators are discussed and the concept of triple sustainability is introduced in the need for indicators that reflect long-term changes in system usage or condition. Also, issues are listed that should be considered when narrowing down and refining potential indicators into a reasonable number of readily measured indicators. The electric utility sector is introduced to find potential lessons of what has worked, and what has failed, that may assist public transportation institutional structure reform. Data sources, both national and international, are studied and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. The history of the Chicago public transportation system demonstrates that tension has always existed between the city and the suburbs and illustrates the importance of political power, governance, and financing. The current
(cont.) system and its problems are described after which three solutions for structural reform are suggested, ranging form the current structure to major reform. A framework with triple sustainability, governance and finance is identified, which leads to identification of performance indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of structural reform of the Chicago public transportation system. These indicators are tested against the changes that occurred over the 25 past years as well as the possible problems anticipated over the next 10 years, to "proof" their usefulness.
by Anneloes Hesen.
S.M.
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Sgouridis, Sgouris P. "Integrating regional strategic transportation planning and supply chain management : along the path to sustainability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58666.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-131).
A systems perspective for regional strategic transportation planning (RSTP) for freight movements involves an understanding of Supply Chain Management (SCM). This thesis argues that private sector freight shippers and carriers do not simply need capacity improvements from the regional transportation system, but also a subtle understanding by public sector planners of their supply chain needs. The private and the public sector have different agendas and planning horizons but at the same time may have common interests in the region that involve economic robustness, environmental health, and social cohesiveness what is known as sustainability. We investigate how the largely public sector RSTP and private-sector SCM relate and suggest architectures for an integrated RSTP/SCM planning process.
by Sgouris P. Sgouridis.
S.M.in Transportation
S.M.
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Larson, Nicole. "Pedal to the Metal: Accelerating the Transition to Electric Vehicles." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/223.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles and proposes possible policy solutions. It analyzes main barriers including awareness, upfront cost, and range anxiety, as well as existing policy solutions, and a detailed case study examining policy differences in high adopting versus low adopting states. Awareness and eduction surrounding electric vehicles and their capabilities, financial incentives and market mechanisms for reducing costs, and charging infrastructure and efficiency improvements are examined. Conclusions were formed through interviews with various experts as a method of data collection. It was found that many existing state and local level policies could be scaled to a national level to facilitate rapid reductions in transportation emissions through electrification of the transportation sector.
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Lukmann, Andrew T. "Unintended effects of federal transportation policy: a look at the lifecycle costs of the interstate system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55157.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The federal surface transportation program in the United States stands at a crossroads. Short on money and lacking vision, the program is in need of reevaluation and reform. This thesis attempts to illustrate the current issues affecting the program within the historical context of transportation system development and proposes a series of policy reforms to refocus the program. An analysis of the history of US transportation policy demonstrates ongoing persistent trends towards multimodal approaches, increased federal involvement and a shift in focus from rural development to enabling the growth of metropolitan economies. The analysis also shows how Congress has historically made significant progress when an over-arching vision can be connected to implementation mechanisms that provide new funding to broad constituencies in all fifty states. By positing a basic model utilizing infrastructure lifecycle costs to illustrate the dynamics of systematic infrastructure needs, the research demonstrates the added costs of past policies - particularly deferred maintenance - and the implications of current inaction. The research finds an estimated $7.2 billion dollar shortfall in annual funding on the Interstate system alone - mostly for reconstruction. Additionally, the results indicate a significant increase in annual system costs ($28.3 billion vs. $18.82 billion) under a regime of deferred maintenance as opposed to regular upkeep. Using this as a foundation, the balance of the work discusses the political argument in support of a federal role in system maintenance, recommends a series of policy reforms to address short and long term issues with the federal program and presents an overview of possible revenue streams to fund these changes. The thesis then recommends that a new national multimodal vision, focused on state of good repair and the opportunity to generate short-term construction jobs and long-term economic growth, can be the basis for successful reauthorization legislation.
by Andrew T. Lukmann.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
S.M.in Transportation
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Decker, John Reynolds. "Increased private involvement in the delivery of transportation infrastructure : the state-of-the-art in transit system turnkey contracts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10796.
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Sun, He S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "An integrated model of flight and passenger delay for policy analysis in the National Air Transportation System." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104329.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 99).
Demand for air travel has increased over the years and so have airport delays and congestion. Delays have a huge impact on airline costs and influence the satisfaction of passengers, thus becoming an important topic of research in the field of air transportation. In recent literature, a Passenger Delay Calculator (PDC) was proposed to estimate passenger delays. The PDC computes passenger delays for a specified day based on actual flight schedules, fight cancellation information, and ticket booking information. However, since actual fight schedules are a necessary input, the PDC cannot be applied directly to hypothetical scenarios, in which different cancellation strategies are implemented and their impact on passenger delays are evaluated. A different model. Airport Network Delays (AND), has also been developed recently. The AND model estimates fight delays and relies on an input in which demand consists of the national planned fight schedule for any given day. In this thesis, we have attempted to incorporate these two models, the AND and the PDC, within a single framework, so that the resulting new integrated model can compute passenger delays without requiring an actual flight-schedule input. The integrated model would certainly increase the usefulness and applicability of the PDC since it could be used with hypothetical scenarios, different flight cancellation strategies, etc. We first describe the framework of the integrated model for studying flight delays and passenger delays at a daily scale. The integrated model includes four components: a Tail Recovery Model, Flight Cancellation Algorithms, a Refined Airport Network Delay (RAND) model, and the PDC. The Tail Recovery Model recovers missing tail numbers for many flights recorded in the Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) database. The Flight Cancellation Algorithms implement alternative strategies for flight cancellations in the presence of large delays, such as cancelling flights with long flight delays or flights with a large ratio of flight delay divided by the seating capacity of the aircraft. The RAND model is an extension of the AND, in which two implicit assumptions of the AND model have been modified. The RAND model produces better estimates of flight delays in the sense of replicating actual flight delays obtained from the ASPM database. The overall integrated model is able to compute passenger delays and relies only on planned flight schedules rather than actual flight schedules. Moreover, the integrated model facilitates the study of factors that influence flight delays, such as weather conditions and demand fluctuations, and evaluates the impact of different cancellation strategies on passenger delays. Using actual data from different days, we conclude that passenger delays can be reduced on the busiest traffic days through improved flight cancellation strategies. In the second part of the thesis, we extend the RAND model to compute flight delays on a monthly scale using different capacity profiles as input. These capacity profiles can be directly obtained from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reports or constructed by using classical machine learning algorithms on airport-level data. We validate our estimation of flight delays by using data of January, 2008, showing that both the capacity profiles and the RAND perform well in terms of replicating the actual monthly flight delays. These results imply that an effort can be made to develop an integrated model incorporating the RAND, the PDC etc. at a monthly scale or even at any generic time scale.
by He Sun.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M.
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Robins, Dawn. "Evaluating the long term impacts of transport policy : the case of passenger rail privatisation in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340005/.
Full textAbstract:
Britain’s national rail system was ‘privatised’ as a result of the 1993 Railways Act, with most of the organisational and ownership changes implemented by 1997. This thesis examines the long term impacts of the privatisation initiative on the passenger rail service. A key issue when examining long term changes is that of the counterfactual – what would have happened if the changes had not occurred? A simple econometric model of the demand for passenger rail services was developed and used in conjunction with extrapolative methods for key variables such as fares, train kms and GDP to determine demand-side counterfactuals. Extrapolative methods were also used to determine counterfactual infrastructure and train operation costs. Although since privatisation rail demand has grown strongly, the analysis indicates that transitional disruptions suppressed demand by around 4% over a prolonged period (1994/95 to 2005/6), whilst the Hatfield accident reduced demand by about 5%, albeit over a short period (2000/1 to 2005/6). A welfare analysis indicates that although consumers gained as a result of privatisation, for most years this has been offset by increases in costs. An exception is provided by the two years immediately before the Hatfield accident. Overall the loss in welfare since the reforms were introduced far exceeds the net receipts from the sale of rail businesses. It is found that although the reforms have had advantages in terms of lower fares and better service levels than otherwise would have been the case, this has been offset by adverse transitional effects and high costs, which in turn may be linked with higher transaction costs.
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Tung, Sun Daniel, and 董燊. "Ecological modernisation in the transport sector in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30113246.
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