Journal articles: 'Transportation Statistical methods'

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Baboş, Alina. "Statistical Methods for Solving Transportation Problems." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0049.

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Abstract Transportation problem is one of the models of Linear Programming problem. It deals with the situation in which a commodity from several sources is shipped to different destinations with the main objective to minimize the total shipping cost. There are three well-known methods namely, North West Corner Method Least Cost Method, Vogel’s Approximation Method to find the initial basic feasible solution of a transportation problem. In this paper, we present some statistical methods for finding the initial basic feasible solution. We use three statistical tools: arithmetic and harmonic mean and median. We present numerical examples, and we compare these results with other classical methods.

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Coburn, Timothy C. "Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis." Technometrics 46, no. 4 (November 2004): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/tech.2004.s238.

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Cullinane, Kevin. "Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis." Maritime Economics & Logistics 6, no. 2 (June 2004): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100102.

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Gerasina, Tatiana, Alexey Zarubin, and Oxana Zarubina. "Statistical methods for monitoring the operation of cathodic protection stations." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912101004.

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This article is a result of the research on the methods to monitor the operation of cathodic protection stations. This study presents the experimental data analysis of the work of cathodic protection stations was carried out by the transportation company with measurements for two quarters. Statistical analysis realized on the basis of Shewhart control charts.

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Sudakov, Vladimir Anatolievich, and Maksim Aleksandrovich Timofeev. "Air traffic forecasting using statistical analysis and machine learning methods." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 70 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-70.

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The paper considers current methods for forecasting time series on the example of domestic and international transportation of the Russian Federation in recent years, taking into account the influence of external factors. Models were developed using autoregressive moving average and using gradient boosting. The possibility of using data on COVID-19 diseases for forecasting was investigated.

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Bagdonienė, Danutė. "SOME METHODS OF IMPROVING FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN SHORT HAULS." TRANSPORT 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414056.

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The results obtained in the investigation aimed to improve the transportation of commercial freight for short hauls in the city are presented. The performed tasks included the statistical analysis of freight flows; the forecast of the freight flows; a synthesis of a topological stmcture of the urban system of freight transportation and the description of the optimal structure of the truck stock. The conclusions have also been drawn and some recommendations provided.

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Sumathi, P., and C. V. Sathiya Bama. "A Tactical Strategy in Transportation Problems Using Statistical Process." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.21043.

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In this paper, a new algorithm is projected for finding initial basic feasible solution (IBFS) using average and also compared various methods of transportation problems. The proposed approach is also discussed with various numerical problems.

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Schürmann, C., B. Griefahn, and S. Kuhnt. "Annoyance from Multiple Transportation Noise: Statistical Models and Outlier Detection." Methods of Information in Medicine 43, no. 05 (2004): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633908.

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Summary Objective: Statistical models for the annoyance from multiple transportation noise are needed to understand and predict the annoyance resulting from specific noise exposures. Methods: Models from the class of generalized linear models are suggested and discussed. Observations which are not well explained by the considered model are regarded as outliers. Outlier detection methods are applied to the data modelled by robust estimates using different link functions. Results: The discussed methods are applied to data from a laboratory experiment using generalized linear models. While considering outliers, a generalized linear model with a complementary log-log link is found to be a good choice in modelling the exposure-response relationship between noise levels and annoyance.

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Karlaftis, M. G., and E. I. Vlahogianni. "Statistical methods versus neural networks in transportation research: Differences, similarities and some insights." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 19, no. 3 (June 2011): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.10.004.

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Tudorica, Daniela. "A Comparative Analysis of Various Methods of Gas, Crude Oil and Oil Derivatives Transportation." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2014010102.

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This paper contains a comparative analysis of the various methods used for gas, crude oil and oil gaseous and liquid derivatives. The analysis is made in terms of quality, efficiency and safety criteria. Historical and statistical data is provided in order to support the conclusions of the paper: transportation via pipeline is the most efficient and safe method for the transportation of such products.

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Salvo, Grazia, Bonnie M. Lashewicz, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, and Gavin R. McCormack. "A Mixed Methods Study on the Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Associated with Residential Relocation." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1094812.

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Despite evidence suggesting that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with physical activity, very few mixed methods studies investigate how relocating neighbourhood, and subsequent changes in the built environment, influences physical activity. This sequential mixed methods study estimates associations between changes in overall physical activity and transportation walking and cycling and changes in objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability (quantitative phase) and describes perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity following residential relocation (qualitative phase). During the quantitative phase, self-reported changes in transportation walking, transportation cycling, and overall physical activity following residential relocation were measured using a 5-point scale: (1) a lot less now, (2) a little less now, (3) about the same, (4) a little more now, and (5) a lot more now. Walkability improvers reported a slight increase in transportation walking (mean = 3.29, standard deviation (SD) = 0.87), while walkability decliners reported little or no perceived change in their transportation walking after relocation (mean = 2.96, SD = 1.12). This difference approached statistical significance (p=0.053). Furthermore, walkability decliners reported a slight decrease in transportation cycling (mean = 2.69, SD = 0.96), while walkability improvers reported little or no perceived change in their transportation cycling after relocation (mean = 3.02, SD = 0.84). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Change in walkability resulting from relocation was not significantly associated with perceived change in overall physical activity. Our qualitative findings suggest that moving to a neighbourhood with safe paths connecting to nearby destinations can facilitate transportation walking and cycling. Some participants describe adjusting their leisure physical activity to compensate for changes in transportation walking and cycling. Strong contributors to neighbourhood leisure physical activity included the presence of aesthetic features and availability of recreational opportunities that allow for the creation of social connections with community and family.

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Marchenko, S. "ECONOMIC BASIS FOR FORECASTING THE VOLUME OF BULK CARGO SHIPPING." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 3 (2022): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-3-105-111.

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T his article deals with the actual problem of planning and forecasting the development of sea transportation of bulk cargoes; the solution of this problem in the modern conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially significant. The author has created and researched a set of statistical data on the world sea transportation of the three main bulk cargoes, which include iron ore, coal and grain. A linear diagram with areas was formed, which visually characterizes the structure of sea transportation of the main bulk cargoes, as well as positive trends in its change over 37 years. The average annual growth rate of the maritime transportations of the considered cargo types was analyzed. A correlation field for sea transportations of the main bulk cargoes for the last 39 years has been constructed. An econometric model was developed, characterizing a linear relationship between the world volume of sea transportations of basic bulk cargoes and the year of their realization, which can be practically used by domestic shipping companies in planning their future financial results. The purpose of the research. Creation of an economic-mathematical model, which will be the methodological basis for forecasting the global volume of marine transportation of basic bulk cargoes when making management decisions by domestic shipping companies in the development of their bulk fleet. Methods. General scientific methods of system analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics are used in the given research. Results. The economic-mathematical model of forecasting the global volume of sea transportation of iron ore, coal and grain has been developed and used to define a possible value of sea transportation of the main bulk cargoes for 2025, which will increase by 2,4 % compared to 2019

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Li, Xiaodong, Ai Ren, and Qi Li. "Exploring Patterns of Transportation-Related CO2 Emissions Using Machine Learning Methods." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 4588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084588.

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While the transportation sector is one of largest economic growth drivers for many countries, the adverse impacts of transportation on air quality are also well-noted, especially in developing countries. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the direct results of a transportation sector powered by burning fossil-based fuels. Detailed knowledge of CO2 emissions produced by the transportation sectors in various countries is essential for these countries to revise their future energy investments and policies. In this framework, three machine learning algorithms, ordinary least squares regression (OLS), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting regression (GBR), are used to forecast transportation-based CO2 emissions. Both socioeconomic factors and transportation factors are also included as features in the study. We study the top 30 CO2 emissions-producing countries, including the Tier 1 group (the top five countries, accounting for 61% of global CO2 emissions production) and the Tier 2 group (the next 25 countries, accounting for 35% of total CO2 emissions production). We evaluate our model using four-fold cross-validation and report four frequently used statistical metrics (R2, MAE, rRMSE, and MAPE). Of the three machine learning algorithms, the GBR model with features combining socioeconomic and transportation factors (GBR_ALL) has the best performance, with an R2 value of 0.9943, rRMSE of 0.1165, and MAPE of 0.1408. We also find that both transportation features and socioeconomic features are important for transportation-based CO2 emission prediction. Transportation features are more important in modeling for 30 countries, while socioeconomic features (especially GDP and population) are more important when modeling for Tier 1 and Tier 2 countries.

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Hazelton, Martin L., and Katharina Parry. "Statistical methods for comparison of day-to-day traffic models." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 92 (October 2016): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2015.08.005.

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Park, Eun Sug, Shawn Turner, and Clifford H. Spiegelman. "Empirical Approaches to Outlier Detection in Intelligent Transportation Systems Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no. 1 (January 2003): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-03.

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Novel methods for implementation of detector-level multivariate screening methods are presented. The methods use present data and classify data as outliers on the basis of comparisons with empirical cutoff points derived from extensive archived data rather than from standard statistical tables. In addition, while many of the ideas of the classical Hotelling’s T2-statistic are used, modern statistical trend removal and blocking are incorporated. The methods are applied to intelligent transportation system data from San Antonio and Austin, Texas. These examples show how the suggested new methods perform with high-quality traffic data and apparently lower-quality traffic data. All algorithms were implemented by using the SAS programming language.

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DA F. COSTA, L., F. A. RODRIGUES, and P. R. VILLAS BOAS. "MODELING THE EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX NETWORKS THROUGH THE PATH-STAR TRANSFORMATION AND OPTIMAL MULTIVARIATE METHODS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 03 (March 2010): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026083.

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The topology of real-world complex networks, such as in transportation and communication, is always changing with time. Such changes can arise not only as a natural consequence of their growth, but also due to major modifications in their intrinsic organization. For instance, the network of transportation routes between cities and towns (hence locations) of a given country undergo a major change with the progressive implementation of commercial air transportation. While the locations could be originally interconnected through highways (paths, giving rise to geographical networks), transportation between those sites progressively shifted or was complemented by air transportation, with scale free characteristics. In the present work we introduce the path-star transformation (in its uniform and preferential versions) as a means to model such network transformations where paths give rise to stars of connectivity. It is also shown, through optimal multivariate statistical methods (i.e. canonical projections and maximum likelihood classification) that while the US highways network adheres closely to a geographical network model, its path-star transformation yields a network whose topological properties closely resembles those of the respective airport transportation network.

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Kurganov, V. M., V. N. Mukayev, and M. V. Gryaznov. "OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 15, no. 5 (November 11, 2018): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-5-672-685.

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Introduction.The authors prove the relevance of the costs’ reducing for motor transportation service in different departments of the industrial enterprise. The organizational and technological features of the industrial motor transport enterprise functioning and defining inexpediency of transfer of motor transportation function on outsourcing in full are revealed. The economic-mathematical model and the algorithm of decisions development on optimization of the automobile transportations costs in the industrial enterprise, which provide balance of interests of the customer to lower costs of motor transportation services and of the carrier to increase business profitability are offered. The expediency of implementation of such recommendations is proved on the example of motor transportation department of the large metallurgical company in Chelyabinsk region.Materials and methods. The analysis and systematization of the specialized scientific, standard, legal literature, economic-mathematical modeling of transport processes, and statistical technical and economic analysis of production information is conducted.Results.The following results are reached:- having scientific novelty: criterion of optimality and system of restrictions of the choice of decisions on cutting of costs for automobile transportations; mathematical apparatus of assessment of reserves of use of motor transport;- having the practical importance: the algorithm of development of decisions on optimization of costs of automobile transportations based on balance of interests of carrier and the customer of motor transportation services.Discussion and conclusions.The methodical recommendations about coordination of the customer and supplier interaction of motor transportation services are received. The implementation of such recommendations would provide the systematic 3-5% per year budget optimization in the industrial enterprise departments.

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Sahito, Sabeen. "Modification of Vogel's Approximation Method for Optimality of Transportation Problem by Statistical Technique." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 19, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1902.07.

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This paper addresses the Optimality of Transportation Problems (TP). The modification in Vogel’s Approximation Method for optimality of transportation problem by statistical technique (MVOTPST) is proposed, which provides the better feasible solution in comparison to the existing methods such as North West Corner Method (NWCM), Least Cost Method (LCM) and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM). Various examples have been examined from the literature to validate the authenticity and optimality of the proposed MVOTPST method. Furthermore, the Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) of the modified technique has been found either absolutely optimal, close to optimal, same as VAM, or better than the existing methods.

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Tang, Jinjun, Lanlan Zheng, Chunyang Han, Weiqi Yin, Yue Zhang, Yajie Zou, and Helai Huang. "Statistical and machine-learning methods for clearance time prediction of road incidents: A methodology review." Analytic Methods in Accident Research 27 (September 2020): 100123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2020.100123.

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Korduba, Yaryna, Yurij Holovatch, and Robin De Regt. "Physicist’s approach to public transportation networks: between data processing and statistical physics." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio A – Mathematica 73, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/a.2019.73.2.69-89.

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In this paper we aim to demonstrate how physical perspective enriches statistical analysis when dealing with a complex system of many interacting agents of non-physical origin. To this end, we discuss analysis of urban public transportation networks viewed as complex systems. In such studies, a multi-disciplinary approach is applied by integrating methods in both data processing and statistical physics to investigate the correlation between public transportation network topological features and their operational stability. These studies incorporate concepts of coarse graining and clusterization, universality and scaling, stability and percolation behavior, diffusion and fractal analysis.

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Gefan, Grigory. "Application of probability and statistics methods in arrangement of railway transportation." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821602004.

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Complex economic and mathematical methods are becoming more widespread in training of specialists in the field of railroad communication arrangement. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective methodology for mathematical training of railway transportation specialists on the basis of active training methods. The article deals with application of probabilistic and statistical methods to problems in design of railway transportation, for example, fluctuations in loading of railway stations and distribution of the time interval between arrival of trains. Using the example of the flow of arriving trains, the technology of testing the hypothesis that the time between arrival of trains is distributed according to the exponential law and the hypothesis of independence of events in the flow is displayed in detail. When confirming each of these hypotheses, it must be concluded that the flow of trains arriving at the station is according to the simplest (Poisson’s) model. This conclusion allows using the apparatus of Markov chains to describe a random process.

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Ahmadi, Alidad, Arash Jahangiri, Vincent Berardi, and Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani. "Crash severity analysis of rear-end crashes in California using statistical and machine learning classification methods." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 12, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 522–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1505793.

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Domnina, Olga L., and Zhanna Yu Shalaeva. "Forecasting the volume of passenger transportation by inland water transport." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 72 (September 20, 2022): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi72.287.

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The article discusses the currently used methods of forecasting passenger traffic volumes. The authors considered both statistical forecasting methods based on the construction of trend lines, and methods that take into account, in addition to the trend values of traffic volume indicators, other factors that affect the forecast values of passenger transport. On the example of water transport, the forecast values of traffic volumes were calculated by various methods, and the analysis of the calculation results was carried out.

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Raskin, Lev, Oksana Sira, Yurii Parfeniuk, and Kseniia Bazilevych. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SUPPLY MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY OF TRANSPORTATION COST VALUES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001691.

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The problem of transport management in a distributed logistics system "suppliers – consumers" is considered. Under the assumption of a random nature of transportation costs, an exact algorithm for solving this problem by a probabilistic criterion has been developed. This algorithm is implemented by an iterative procedure for sequential improvement of the transportation plan. The rate of convergence of a computational procedure to an exact solution depends significantly on the dimension of the problem and is unacceptably low in real problems. In this regard, an alternative method is proposed, based on reducing the original problem to solving a nontrivial problem of fractional-nonlinear programming. A method for solving this problem has been developed and substantiated. The corresponding computational algorithm reduces the fractional-nonlinear model to the quadratic one. The resulting problem is solved by known methods. Further, the original problem is supplemented by considering a situation that is important for practice, when in the conditions of a small sample of initial data there is no possibility of obtaining adequate analytical descriptions for the distribution densities of the random costs of transportation. In this case, the available volume of statistical material is sufficient only to estimate the first two moments of unknown distribution densities. For this marginal case, a minimax method for finding the transportation plan is proposed. The first step is to solve the problem of determining the worst distribution density with the given values of the first two moments. In the second step, the transportation plan is found, which is the best in this most unfavorable situation, when the distribution densities of the random cost of transportation are the worst. To find such densities, let’s use the modern mathematical apparatus of continuous linear programming

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Utts, Jessica, Debbie Niemeier, and Laura Ring. "Statistical methods for estimating speed correction factors with confidence intervals for mobile source emissions models." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 5, no. 2 (March 2000): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-9209(99)00026-7.

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Kolotukha, I. "Methodical foundations of societal and geographical research of public transportation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 65 (2016): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.65.12.

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The scheme of societal and geographical research methodology on public transportation territorial organization has been worked out. It is viewed upon as a complex socio-economic phenomenon which includes four consecutive stages. It has been determined that when investigating the territorial organization of city public transportation both general and special scientific approaches and methods are used. At the preparatory phase the role and place of public transportation in municipal economy are determined, the nature of public transportation service is analyzed, satisfactoriness and insufficiency of its functions are estimated and, as a result, social services commissioning on the development of public transportation system is defined and the concept of its research is developed. The second phase is a conceptual and informational one. At this phase societal and geographical model of city public transportation is worked out, basic conceptual approaches of research are defined among which are systematic approach, structural analysis, cartographical method and method of historical analysis, etc. The development of such model is preceded by identification of informational basis, data collection and collation in order to accumulate theoretical developments on this issue and the analysis of previous researchers’ works. Literary sources, cartographical sources, statistical and regulatory documents are studied. The third phase is analytical and statistical one which is devoted to the analysis of public transportation structure organization in the city of Kyiv. At this phase the greatest numbers of scientific research methods are used, namely, the structured system analysis method, analytical and statistical method, graph theory method in combination with the method of historical and geographical sectioning, factor analysis, cartographical, comparative geographical, societal geographical zoning methods. Functional and sectoral structure, territorial structure and organizational and management structure in the city of Kyiv and their changes are studied at this stage. The concluding phase is reasoning for the priority areas of the city transportation utilities system development in the city of Kyiv. At this stage projection of city public transportation development is carried out, the areas of city public transportation system improvement in the city of Kyiv are defined. Systematic approach, main ideas of the structuralfunctional, informational and cartographical approaches have the invariable value in the study at this stage.

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Hussain, Mohammad Rashid, Mohammed Qayyum, and Mohammad Equebal Hussain. "Transportation Problem of LPP Involving Probability Density Function." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i1.9909.

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In Linear Programming Problem (LPP), Transportation Problem (TP) is an application which is used to optimize through the probability density function of statistical approach. The main objective of this paper is to reduce complexity in Maximization problem of LPP, by fulfilling the relation between the objective function and constraints with the largest value. Here, we used non-negative integer and complex number of linear combination of form xmeλx. It has been decided with reasonably great probability, decision region, fundamental probabilities and Laplace Transform (LT). To obtain proposed results we applied probability density function over transportation problem. According to our proposed method we implemented mathematical model through the probability density function of statistical tools. Categorically, probability density function is an approach in our proposed method to obtain the feasible solution of transportation problem, which perform better than the existing methods.

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Kurganov, V. M., A. N. Dorofeev, and M. V. Griaznov. "Waybill functionality in transportation management system." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-2-216-223.

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Introduction. In the conditions of digitalization of the economy, the use of electronic document management in transport activities is of practical importance. Regulatory acts have established that the package of accompanying goods and transport documents for road transport includes the waybill of the car. In this regard, it is important to study the possibilities of an electronic waybill in the digital management system of a motor transport enterprise to increase the efficiency of its activities.Materials and methods. The research uses methods of analysis and synthesis, digital modeling, methods of comparison and analysis of statistical data.Results. Based on the system analysis of normative acts, the characteristic of the legal status of the waybill is given. A generalized scheme of information flows in the digital model of a motor transport enterprise has been formed, in which the waybill occupies a central place. The implementation of the Process Mining procedure in the information management system of a motor transport enterprise, created using the digital twins concept, made it possible to obtain quantitative characteristics of operations with waybills performed by the staff.Discussion and conclusion. The results obtained have scientific novelty and are of practical interest for enterprises that own motor vehicles and carry out cargo transportation both for their own needs and on orders.

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Chen, Shaokuan, Rui Zhou, Yangfan Zhou, and Baohua Mao. "Computation on Bus Delay at Stops in Beijing through Statistical Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/745370.

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Delays at bus stops have seriously affected the efficiency of bus operation and the improvement of level of services of public transportation and greatly influenced the preferences of passengers to choose bus services. In this paper, the analysis on arriving, dwell and leaving process of buses and the method to calculate bus delays at stops are proposed according to survey data from three bus routes in Beijing. Statistical analysis is then adopted respectively to evaluate average times that buses are docking at curbside and bay-style stops. Moreover, it is noted that different load factors of passengers in buses have significantly influenced the average boarding and alighting time per person. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods is illustrated through case studies. This study is crucial and helpful for the planners and operators to evaluate the efficiency and level of service of urban public transportation.

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Wojciechowski, Łukasz, and Tadeusz Cisowski. "Economic Forecasting of the Transportation Services Using Analytic Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 791 (September 2015): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.791.102.

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This paper describes an algorithm for forecasting transport based on analysis of process dynamics in the macroeconomic environment of transport. The article describes one of the shortcomings of forecasting what are the methods for determining the adequacy of the forecasting models used to analyze the process. It has been reported that the compliance model and the projections can be determined by statistical factors indicating a deviation from the model time series, such as standard deviation, mean, correlation coefficients of correlation coefficient or errors. Presented forecasting involve using technical methods in order to determine the class forecasting models.

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Maniquiz, Marla C., Soyoung Lee, Eunju Lee, and Lee-Hyung Kim. "Development of statistical linear regression model for metals from transportation land uses." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 12 (June 1, 2009): 2495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.247.

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The transportation landuses possessing impervious surfaces such as highways, parking lots, roads, and bridges were recognized as the highly polluted non-point sources (NPSs) in the urban areas. Lots of pollutants from urban transportation are accumulating on the paved surfaces during dry periods and are washed-off during a storm. In Korea, the identification and monitoring of NPSs still represent a great challenge. Since 2004, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) has been engaged in several researches and monitoring to develop stormwater management policies and treatment systems for future implementation. The data over 131 storm events during May 2004 to September 2008 at eleven sites were analyzed to identify correlation relationships between particulates and metals, and to develop simple linear regression (SLR) model to estimate event mean concentration (EMC). Results indicate that there was no significant relationship between metals and TSS EMC. However, the SLR estimation models although not providing useful results are valuable indicators of high uncertainties that NPS pollution possess. Therefore, long term monitoring employing proper methods and precise statistical analysis of the data should be undertaken to eliminate these uncertainties.

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Mathew, Sonu, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. "Comparative Assessment of Geospatial and Statistical Methods to Estimate Local Road Annual Average Daily Traffic." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 147, no. 7 (July 2021): 04021035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000542.

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Filippov, V. N., G. I. Petrov, Yu N. Shebeko, S. V. Bespalco, and I. K. Sergeev. "Methods of improving the fire and explosion safety of operation of liquefied hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 29, no. 6 (January 13, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2020.29.06.75-83.

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Introduction. The problem of fire and explosion safety of liquefied hydrocarbon gas transportation arose in the 1970s. The task was set to design new generation tanks having improved technical and economic parameters and indicators to ensure fire and explosion safety. The co-authors have conducted the analysis of regulatory documentation covering the fire and explosion safety of hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks, which shows the absence of any unified policy in the design of cars designated for hazardous cargoes. Hence, a number of models, having no or insufficiently effective protective devices, are produced. Therefore, the issues of fire and explosion safety were understudied in the earlier research works on design of railroad cars, and the problem has not been resolved. Principal actions aimed at the fire and explosion safety of hydrocarbon gas transportation tanks were implemented by the Russian University of Transport (MIIT). Statistical information on fire hazardous failures and fleet tank accidents, as well as their detailed investigation has been collected. Tank barrel vulnerabilities have been identified; reliability and durability assessment methods have been developed. Priorities for improving the pressurized tank design are outlined. The following items of work have been performed: ● analysis of statistical data on hazardous cargo transportation accidents, ● development of fire hazard emergency scenarios; ● improvement of “Railroad car analysis and design regulations”, ● development of mathematical models designated for the analysis of tanks, ● identification of an unstable temperature field inside a tank barrel, if in the seat of fire, using non-linear heat conduction equations and the finite element method (FEM), ● identification of the stress-strain state of a tank barrel during a fire. Conclusions. Following the completion of the work performed by the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), hydrocarbon gas tanks have obtained a better barrel emergency impact protection. A unified policy in the design of cars for hazardous cargoes is needed and regulatory documentation requirements must be harmonized.

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Oget, Diane, Julien Braux, Céline Compas, and Martine Guigand. "Comparative analysis of root canal changes after preparation with three systems using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 31, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/j.gien.2017.24.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the root canal trajectory on extracted teeth after preparation with Endoflare/Revo-S1, Endoflare/ HeroShaper1 and ProTaper1 using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: 39 root canals with similar curvatures were divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 13). Root canals in Group 1 were shaped with Endoflare/Revo-S1; Group 2 with Endoflare/ Hero Shaper1, and Group 3 with ProTaper1. All specimens were scanned pre- and postoperatively using the Kodak1 9000C 3D imaging system. Changes in both degree and position of the root canal curvature were assessed. Canal transportation was calculated for each slice by comparing the position of the root canal centroid before and after instrumentation. Statistical analysis was carried out by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test ( p < 0.05), and Mann-Whitney test applying the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Results: The mean of curvature degree decreases significantly (p < 0.003) for each group, with no statistical differences between the three groups. Mean canal transportation scores ranged from 52 mm (Revo-S1) to 85 mm (ProTaper1) in the apical third; 51 mm (Revo-S1) to 87 mm (ProTaper1) in the middle third, and 77 mm (HEROShaper1) to 119 mm (ProTaper1) in the cervical third. In the apical and the middle parts, Revo-S1 produced statistically less transportation than HEROShaper1 (respectively p = 0.01708, p = 0.01328) and ProTaper1 (respectively p = 0.02402, p = 0.0202). Conclusion: All instruments produced a small curvature deviation and mild canal transportation. Revo-S1 resulted in less transportation in the apical and middle thirds.

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Kopytkov, D., and G. Samchuk. "STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY QUALITY FOR TRANSPORT FATIGUE IN URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-147-152.

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The article deals with the problem of determining the transport fatigue of mass transit passengers as one of the human body states. The transport fatigue is proposed to be evaluated using the questionnaire method with subsequent quality assessment by the mathematical statistics methods.

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Kikuchi, Shinya, Dragana Miljkovic, and Henk J. van Zuylen. "Examination of Methods That Adjust Observed Traffic Volumes on a Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1717, no. 1 (January 2000): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1717-14.

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As the models of transportation planning and engineering become more and more sophisticated, the quality of data that is used as input to the models is of critical importance to the integrity of the analysis. Several methods that adjust the field-traffic-volume data so that they become consistent and useful information for the subsequent analysis steps are examined. Consistency as satisfaction of flow conservation and other relationships underlying the network flow in question are defined. Six methods, including the manual method, are presented, and the logic and computational process are explained for each method. Except for the manual method, the methods are grouped into two general categories and discussed—one considers inconsistency in the data as a result of the statistical error and uses the classical-regression approach, and the other considers the observed value as the approximate value and uses the fuzzy-set theory. These methods are compared for their performance using an example problem. Transportation analysts’ alternative methods for volume adjustment are provided, and the analysts’ theoretical and practical implications are explained.

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Savych, Oleksandr, and Tetiana Shkoda. "Trends of air transportation market development in Ukraine." Innovative Marketing 16, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(2).2020.03.

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To identify the trends of air transportation market development in Ukraine during the period 2010–2018, the analysis of the riskiness of the external market environment of airlines being the major market actors and main factors, which influence the air transportation market development, were made in the paper using statistical methods and methods of probability theory. The working hypothesis was proved on corresponding the main trends of air transportation market development in Ukraine with the world ones and the very high riskiness of the external environment of the airlines. There is some local specifics of the air transportation market in Ukraine connected with the armed conflict at the East of the country, a significant impact of non-economic factors in some years, and implementation of international safety standards. The COVID-19 impact is considered only as a discussion question. The originality of the paper is in discussing the modern trends of air transportation market development in Ukraine in the context of considering the interaction “subject – poly-subject environment”. The airlines are considered as the subjects that interact with a market as an external poly-subject environment. The results of the research identified that the riskiness of the external market environment is at the critical level for the majority of the studied airlines that does not contribute to successful business activity in Ukraine. European and Ukrainian official authorities can use the obtained results during the development and implementation of the joined cooperation in the sphere of air transportation. Besides, in the context of COVID-19, the trends of imroving aviation safety and satisfying international standards are becoming increasingly important for airlines as well as for state authorities in developing the appropriate state policy.

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Smith, Brian L., William T. Scherer, and James H. Conklin. "Exploring Imputation Techniques for Missing Data in Transportation Management Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1836, no. 1 (January 2003): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1836-17.

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Many states have implemented large-scale transportation management systems to improve mobility in urban areas. These systems are highly prone to missing and erroneous data, which results in drastically reduced data sets for analysis and real-time operations. Imputation is the practice of filling in missing data with estimated values. Currently, the transportation industry generally does not use imputation as a means for handling missing data. Other disciplines have recognized the importance of addressing missing data and, as a result, methods and software for imputing missing data are becoming widely available. The feasibility and applicability of imputing missing traffic data are addressed, and a preliminary analysis of several heuristic and statistical imputation techniques is performed. Preliminary results produced excellent performance in the case study and indicate that the statistical techniques are more accurate while maintaining the natural characteristics of the data.

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Washington, Simon, and Jean Wolf. "Hierarchical Tree-Based Versus Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression Models: Theory and Example Applied to Trip Generation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1581, no. 1 (January 1997): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1581-11.

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Given the continual need for transportation professionals to forecast trends and the increasing availability of sophisticated and improved modeling methods in new and improved software packages, new methods should be explored to determine whether they can replace or supplement more classical statistical methods. One commonly used classical statistical technique for relating a continuous dependent variable with one or more independent variables (continuous or discrete) is ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This method is routinely applied in transportation to forecast such things as energy use, trip attractions, trip productions, automobile emissions, and growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Despite its widespread use and tremendous utility, however, OLS regression has limitations. It does not deal well with multicollinear independent variables, interactions between independent variables must be specified, the functional relationship between dependent and independent variables must be known (or approximated well), it cannot handle missing data well, and it does not treat satisfactorily discrete variables with more than two levels. Hierarchical tree-based regression (HTBR) may provide a better model for forecasting continuous response variables in transportation applications when the shortcomings of OLS regression are present. The theory of HTBR methods is presented. Then, an example using trip generation data is used to illustrate the types of models that result from OLS regression and HTBR methods. Finally, the limitations of HTBR are presented.

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Kontrova, Lydia, Tomas Lengyelfalusy, and Dana Lengyelfalusyova. "A Statistical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Selected Methods in the Teaching of Mathematics." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2012.1.55-60.

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Eisele, William L., and Laurence R. Rilett. "Travel-Time Estimates Obtained from Intelligent Transportation Systems and Instrumented Test Vehicles: Statistical Comparison." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1804, no. 1 (January 2002): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1804-02.

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Accurate estimation of travel time is necessary for monitoring the performance of the transportation system. Often, travel times are estimated indirectly by using instantaneous speeds from inductance loop detectors and making a number of assumptions. Although these travel times may be acceptable estimates for uncongested conditions, they may have significant error during congested periods. Travel times also may be obtained directly from intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data sources such as automatic vehicle identification (AVI). In addition, mobile cellular telephones have been touted as a means for obtaining this information automatically. Data sources that collect travel-time estimates directly provide travel-time data for both real-time and off-line transportation system monitoring. Instrumented test vehicle runs are often performed to obtain travel-time estimates for system monitoring and other transportation applications. Distance measuring instruments (DMIs) are a common method of instrumentation for test vehicles. DMI travel-time estimates are compared with AVI travel-time estimates by using a variety of statistical approaches. The results indicate that the travel-time estimates from test vehicles instrumented with DMI are within 1% of travel-time estimates from AVI along the study corridor. These results reflect that DMI is an accurate instrumented test vehicle technology and, more important, AVI data sources can replace traditional system monitoring data collection methods when there is adequate tag penetration and infrastructure. A method for identifying instrumented test vehicle drivers who may require additional data collection training is provided. The described procedures are applicable to any instrumented vehicle technique (e.g., the Global Positioning System) in comparison to any ITS data source that directly estimates travel time (e.g., mobile cellular telephones).

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Chechenova, Liana. "Perspectives for the Development of Container Cargo Turnover in Supply Chains." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2022-1-140-151.

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Objective: To modify the trends in the development of container cargo turnover in the conditions of increasing mobility and increasing the share of container cargo turnover on the railway network. Methods: Basic methods of analysis are used — statistical analysis of containerization targets, expert assessments of mechanisms for supporting and developing rail container transportation. Results: The current state of the container transportation market is described with the establishment of maximum indicators for the volume of exports, imports, transit and domestic traffic. The typology of the product line of container transportation of JSC “Russian Railways” is given. The competitive advantages of cargo transportation by road and sea modes of transport in comparison with rail are indicated. Measures have been developed to ensure the growth of container cargo turnover mobility on Russian railways, with a target setting of possible effects from their implementation in the areas of infrastructure development, expansion of the digital platform and stabilization of tariff policy. Practical importance: The results obtained should be used to optimize the technology of container transportation in the supply chain.

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MATERNOVÁ, Andrea, and Matúš MATERNA. "THE SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER TRANSPORT: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS." Transport Problems 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.07.

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This paper provides comprehensive research on the linearity between the efficiency and safety of inland waterway transport (IWT). For this purpose, methods of statistical analysis are used. The efficiency of IWT is expressed by the transportation outputs, which today are strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to find whether the demand for IWT has an impact on the accident occurrence probability. The results show the linearity between shipping accidents and the outputs of freight and passenger IWT. The COVID-19 crisis has a higher impact on the efficiency of passenger navigation than on freight navigation. With reduced demand, the level of safety is higher but at the cost of declining efficiency in the transport sector.

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Nikolashin, Sergey Yu, and Timur R. Khabirov. "TRANSPORTATION OF COAL BY SEA AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ITS TRANSPORTATION." International Journal of Advanced Studies 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-3-51-65.

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Maritime and maritime transport is a vital component of the global economy and transport network. The number of people, firms and organizations using shipping is growing worldwide. As with other transport systems, safety is critical in maritime transport. Because ship emergency processes are very different from emergency evacuation processes from buildings and other vehicles and are more complex, many researchers have published a wide range of documents relevant to this specific area of research. In recent decades, marine accidents have attracted a lot of attention due to huge material damage, accidents and serious environmental pollution. Maritime transport can include unforeseen events resulting in catastrophic casualties as well as fatal injuries at sea. About 63% of shipping accidents in the world are recurring. In other words, they arise with courts that have already survived at least one previous accident. In this case, emergency management plans are recognized as a priority for prompt consideration, taking into account the potential consequences of natural disasters in the marine industry. The article discusses the issues of coal transportation by sea and requirements regarding the safe laying and transportation of coal. Unsafe transportation can lead to appropriate risks on board, such as structural damage iz-za improper distribution of coal, chemical reaction leading to spontaneous combustion, release of explosive gases and liquefaction. Since coal is subject to liquefaction, a number of precautions and procedures without precautions and follow procedures for safe loading and transportation. Purpose. The goal is to analyze coal as a dangerous cargo, and the risks associated with its transportation. Methodology the article used statistical methods of analysis and factor method of coal liquefaction. Results: parameters of comparison of coal particles, for its safe transportation. Practical implications it is advisable to apply the obtained results when transporting general goods by sea.

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Moroz, D. G., D. V. Dolenko, and A. V. Prokopenkov. "Analysis of Methods for Determining the Optimal Number of Taxi Cars in Megacities." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-4-196-207.

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In modern large cities, taxi fleet is a significant component of the urban transport system. The degree of development and impact of taxi services on quality of transport services for residents and users traveling in the city depends on many factors. But one of the basic ones is the optimal ratio of the number of taxi cars and the demand for transportation by them. The objective of the article was an analytical review of scientific research and practical work in the field of methods for solving the problems of organizing and operating taxi services, in particular, determining the existing population demand for taxi transportation and the required number of taxi cars. For analysis, the research used the method of content analysis of the works of authors of several countries, including Russian ones. The conducted analysis of existing approaches to determining the demand of the population for taxi transportation and to calculating the required number of taxi cars showed that at present there is no single universally recognized method for this. The methods used are based on various methods which comprise statistical, sociological (surveys, observations), mathematical methods. The analysis of big data obtained using information systems of megacities is increasingly being used. It is concluded that there is an objective need for research in the field of developing a universal methodology for determining the required (limit) number of taxi cars in metropolitan areas.

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Conway, Matthew Wigginton, Andrew Byrd, and Marco van der Linden. "Evidence-Based Transit and Land Use Sketch Planning Using Interactive Accessibility Methods on Combined Schedule and Headway-Based Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2653, no. 1 (January 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2653-06.

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There is a need for indicators of transportation–land use system quality that are understandable to a wide range of stakeholders and that can provide immediate feedback on the quality of interactively designed scenarios. Location-based accessibility indicators are promising candidates, but indicator values can vary strongly depending on time of day and transfer wait times. Capturing this variation increases complexity, slowing calculations. This paper presents new methods for rapid yet rigorous computation of accessibility metrics, allowing immediate feedback during early-stage transit planning while being rigorous enough for final analyses. The approach is statistical, characterizing the uncertainty and variability in accessibility metrics related to differences in departure time and headway-based scenario specification. The analysis was carried out on a detailed multimodal network model including both public transportation and streets. Land use data were represented at high resolution. These methods were implemented as open-source software running on a commodity cloud infrastructure. Networks were constructed from standard open data sources, and scenarios were built in a map-based web interface. A case study is presented, describing how these methods were applied in a long-term transportation planning process for an urbanized, polycentric Randstad region in the Netherlands.

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Hoegh, Kyle, Trevor Steiner, Eyoab Zegeye Teshale, and Shongtao Dai. "Minnesota Department of Transportation Case Studies for Coreless Asphalt Pavement Compaction Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (February 2020): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120907582.

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Available methods for assessing hot-mix-asphalt pavements are typically restricted to destructive methods such as coring that damage the pavement and are limited in coverage. Recently, density profiling systems (DPS) have become available with the capability of measuring asphalt compaction continuously, giving instantaneous measurements a few hundred feet behind the final roller of the freshly placed pavement. Further developments of the methods involved with DPS processing have allowed for coreless calibration by correlating dielectric measurements with asphalt specimens fabricated at variable air void contents using superpave gyratory compaction. These developments make DPS technology an attractive potential tool for quality control because of the real-time nature of the results, and quality assurance because of the ability to measure a more statistically significant amount of data as compared with current quality assurance methods such as coring. To test the viability of these recently developed methods for implementation, multiple projects were selected for field trials. Each field trial was used to assess the coreless calibration prediction by comparing with field cores where dielectric measurements were made. Ground truth core validation on each project showed the reasonableness of the coreless calibration method. The validated dielectric to air void prediction curves allowed for assessment of the tested pavements in relation to as-built characteristics, with the DPS providing the equivalent of approximately 100,000 cores per mile. Statistical measures were used to demonstrate how DPS can provide a comprehensive asphalt compaction evaluation that can be used to inform construction-related decisions and has potential as a future quality assurance tool.

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Güler, Hakan. "AN EMPIRICAL MODELLING FRAMEWORK FOR FORECASTING FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION." TRANSPORT 29, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.930927.

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This paper presents a framework which includes empirical modelling methods to estimate freight transportation between defined zones. In this method, observed origin and destination matrices for each type of freight are constituted based on the link counts and the roadside truck survey data. The gravity method is selected to estimate origin and destination matrices by using observed link flows, gross domestic product by provinces and interzonal distances. Advanced statistical techniques and regression analyses are used to estimate the coefficients of the gravity method. The final freight transportation matrix is calibrated with the link flows data by using iterative techniques. The developed method was applied to find the origin and destination matrix of the total freight transportation in Turkey and successful results were obtained.

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Gorlov, I. F., G. V. Fedotova, and V. N. Sergeev. "Problems of reducing loss of agricultural products." Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 14 (June 29, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2021-14-82-89.

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Aim. Assess and analyze the structure of agricultural production and the total amount of losses during its transportation, sale and processing. Materials and Methods. The scientific research was based on an assessment of the reported aggregated statistical data on the volume of agricultural production in Russia. Methods of graphic, statistical analysis, methods of analogy and comparison, genesis and synthesis of scientific knowledge were used in the work. Results. The gross volumes of agricultural production were calculated (280 million rubles), the volumes of products sold (8.25 trillion rubles) aimed at personal consumption were determined (81 million rubles), and the total losses of products in the process of their sale and consumption, and transportation to the final consumer were calculated (48 million tons). It was concluded that manufacturers today are actually aimed at exporting raw materials, without its subsequent processing and storage due to the lack of established logistics routes and the necessary capacities for its long-term storage. Recommendations were developed for the development of infrastructure for long-term storage and subsequent processing of agricultural products. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the need to revise the existing system of logistics supplies and transportation of agricultural products from the field to the storage facility or producer. For the successful intensification of the existing process of internal processing of agricultural products, it is necessary to increase the storage and freezing capacities of raw materials.

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Kobozeva, Nona. "Analysis of Emergence Concentration Spots in Russian Federation Last Years and Transport Provision Issues." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-3-455-463.

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Purpose: Detecting of spots of concentration of emergences will allow to develop an effective methodology for provision of railway rolling stocks with transportation of wheeled and caterpillar technique for liquidation of emergence consequences. Statistical data analysis on emergences in Russia from 2010 to 2020 period; issue statement for model further design on technique delivery process organization for emergence liquidation; emergence study by character and kind of occurrence origins; concentration spots and statistical data collection of emergences in Russia from 2010 to 2020 period. Methods: Comparison and analysis of indicators characterizing emergences; conclusions on statistical research; identification of emergence legitimacies and occurrence risks. Results: Prognosis data obtaining on regions with spots with high frequency probability emergences; outlining in separate segment of questions connected with railway transportation of technique to emergence spots. Practical significance: Possibility for further development of effective directions of activity in the sphere of transport provision of emergence consequences in the spots of emergence probable concentration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transportation Statistical methods'

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