Journal articles on the topic 'Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation'
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1
Bure, V. M., V. V. Mazalov, A. V. Melnik, and N. V. Plaksina. "Passenger Traffic Evaluation and Price Formation on the Transportation Services Market." Advances in Operations Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163495.
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This paper investigates equilibrium formation in the passenger traffic model. First, we propose an estimation technique for the distribution of incoming passengers at each stop with respect to subsequent stops of a route based on available information on incoming and outgoing passengers. Second, we employ the obtained information on passenger traffic to introduce a game-theoretic model of passenger traffic distribution with respect to transport facilities.
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Burlakova, G., and М. Bukina. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEGREE OF NECESSITY OF QUALITY INDICATORS IN THE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION SYSTEM." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-152-157.
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The approaches to assessing the quality of passenger transport services and indicators considered in scientific works, and also existing in state and international standards, are considered. A hierarchical system of indicators (ranking level) has been drawn up, which distributes the sequence of indicators of transport services. The foreign experience of organizing the work of municipal transport was taken into account, the quality of service of which is constantly monitored and as close as possible to the needs of passengers. However, a number of issues, namely: measuring the quality of transport services for the population on a digital scale, methods and methods for monitoring quality assessment, and improving it, etc., remain open. Based on the results of the preliminary study, the main indicators for assessing the quality of passenger transport were identified and grouped, both objective and dependent on the perception of the consumer, which most clearly describe the quality of the provision of passenger transport services. Almost all researchers in their works have determined that the system of general quality indicators should include the following indicators: availability, reliability, comfort, information content, safety, regularity, cost-effectiveness. But due to the importance of each of the elements of the complex indicator, it is necessary to take into account not only all the components of the quality assessment, but also, to a certain extent, their impact on the quality of the transportation process. The article analyzes the importance of each component included in the system of indicators for assessing the quality of transport services for passengers. The necessity of digital assessment of the quality of services for the transportation of passengers by city bus transport has been substantiated. The developed methodology will allow assessing the quality of passenger transportation by other types of transport. The degree of the need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system has been substantiated, which will allow evaluating the quality of passenger service not at the verbal level ("bad", "good"), but at the level of digital comparison. substantiation of the degree of need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system; considering the feasibility of each indicator with its constituent components, determining the degree of influence of each component on the quality of the provision of services for the carriage of passengers by road. For the digitalization of the assessment of the quality of transportation, the designation of the general quality indicator is adopted - Яобщ. In numerical terms, the quality indicator should tend to the maximum value, which in this study is taken as 4. For this, all indicators will be divided into separate components, the weight of which will be estimated at 0.1. A general indicator for assessing the quality of passenger transportation has been determined, which will determine the competitiveness of the enterprise, satisfy the need for a high-quality transportation process, taking into account all criteria and indicators. Thus, the assessment of the quality of passenger transportation, based on the minimum value of the coefficient, which will tend from 3.5 to 4, will determine the ability of the enterprise to carry out the transportation of passengers according to a qualitative assessment and, taking it into account, conduct tenders for the transportation of passengers. Keywords: quality assessment, indicators, transport service, transportation process, passenger traffic, monitoring, ranking.
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Wu, Lin Lin, Luo Zhang, and Yang Wang. "Inter-City Public Transportation Pricing Based on Game Theory Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.902.
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Rail transit system and buses are the two main modes of public passenger transportation between adjacent cities in China. The development of public transport system and especially that of the rail transit may promote the sustainable development of the region. According to principle of utility maximization, this paper predicts passengers’ traffic mode choices based on evaluation model of passenger’s general traffic expenses. This paper analyzes the game relation of pricing between Rail Company and Bus Company on the condition of free competition from the perspective of maximizations of profit. It presents the model of public transportation pricing strategy and the model of subsidy policy in two situations respectively, which are when government subsides public transportation and when government does not. This paper provides basis for related administrative departments to make policies on sustainable transport pricing.
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Yoneda, Kiyoshi. "Elevator Trip Distribution for Inconsistent Passenger Input-Output Data." Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services 1, no. 2 (October 11, 2007): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/dmms.2007.1.2.175.
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Accurate traffic data are the basis for group control of elevators and its performance evaluation by trace driven simulation. The present practice estimates a time series of inter-floor passenger traffic based on commonly available elevator sensor data. The method demands that the sensor data be transformed into sets of passenger input-output data which are consistent in the sense that the transportation preserves the number of passengers. Since observation involves various behavioral assumptions, which may actually be violated, as well as measurement errors, it has been necessary to apply data adjustment procedures to secure the consistency. This paper proposes an alternative algorithm which reconstructs elevator passenger origin-destination tables from inconsistent passenger input-output data sets, thus eliminating the ad hoc data adjustment.
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Xi, Shen E. "Hubs Planning of Comprehensive Passenger Transportation Based on Fuzzy Entropy Weight Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1188.
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With the rapid development of highway construction, quickly increasing passenger traffic demand, the importance of layout planning of highway passenger terminal is becoming more obvious. Based on analyzing the forming mechanism of a passenger transport hub, an evaluation indicator system was established for a comprehensive transport hub from the perspectives of transport demand and supply. For overcoming the subjectivity, entropy theory was applied to determine the various indicator weights with fuzzy evaluation model. Finally, the indicator system and fuzzy entropy weight method were applied in Jiangsu province as a case study.
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Utku, Anıl, and Sema Kayapinar Kaya. "Multi-layer perceptron based transfer passenger flow prediction in Istanbul transportation system." Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/dmame0315052022u.
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Estimating passenger movement in transportation networks is a critical aspect of public transportation systems. It allows for a greater understanding of traffic patterns, as well as efficient system evaluation and monitoring. It could also help with precise timing to emergencies or important events, as well as the improvement of urban transport system weaknesses and service quality. The number of transfer passengers demand in Istanbul, Turkey's biggest and most developed metropolis, was used to construct a real-world forecasting model in this study. The number of transfer passengers has been forecasted using popular machine learning methods such as kNN (k-Nearest Neighbours), LR (Linear Regression), RF (Random Forest), SVM (Support Vector Machine), XGBoost and MLP. The dataset utilized is made up of hourly passenger transfer counts gathered at two public transportation transfer stations in Istanbul in January 2020. Using MSE, RMSE, MAE and R2 parameters, each model's experimental data have been thoroughly evaluated. MLP has more successfully other machine learning algorithms in the majority of transportation lines, according to the experimental results.
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Niu, Tian He, and Xi Zhang. "Passengers Organization Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis of Beijing South Railway Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2257.
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Integrated transport hub is an important component of integrated transport system. The high-speed rail passenger terminal is the center of external transport and urban city traffic; public and private transport and convert a variety of other passenger transportation. This paper by analyzing Transport passenger flow line organizations in the status, it was confirmed the main factors that affected the transport passenger flow line organizations, then set up the evaluation index system of the major city passenger flow line organizations, and using the AHP to determine the target system in all levels of the weight factors. On this basis, by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, it was assessed the transport passenger flow line organizations of Beijing South Railway Station.
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Bulyonkov, Mikhail Alekseevich, Vladimir Yurevich Malov, and Tatyana Viktorovna Nesterenko. "RESEARCH AND FORECASTING OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC USING THE MIX-PROSTOR SYSTEM." System informatics, no. 19 (2021): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31144/si.2307-6410.2021.n19.p41-56.
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The paper considers the problem of evaluating the possibilities of alleviating transportation discrimination of the population of Asian Russia. The authors suggest extending the MIX-PROSTOR system for transportation stream modeling by including tools for evaluating options of multimodal passenger transportation.
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Krajnc, Roman, and Drago Sever. "Model Approach to Quality Provision of Public Passenger Transport." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i1.165.
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Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis is relevant. Constant transportation technique and technology devel-opment caused by the need of conformation to the new market conditions is the basis for such an approach. The model approach for resolving the problems of public pas-senger transport is provided in a scientific report. The model of quality of passenger transport comprises the submodels which define relevant measures for the provi-sion of passenger transport quality. The synthesis of sub-model for adoption of quality standards, submodel of pas-senger demands, submodel of operation safety and securi-ty and economic submodel construct the model of quality of public passenger transport (PPT). Its evaluation has been carried out using SWOT analysis. KEY WORDS: public passenger transport, traffic, lines, network, quality, mobility
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BORUCKA, Anna, and Patrycja GUZANEK. "PREDICTING THE SEASONALITY OF PASSENGERS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT BASED ON TIME SERIES FOR PROPER RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT." Transport Problems 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.1.05.
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Planning the frequency of rail services is closely related to forecasting the number of passengers and is part of the comprehensive analysis of railway systems. Most of the research presented in the literature focuses only on selected areas of this system (e.g. urban agglomerations, urban underground transport, transfer nodes), without presenting a comprehensive evaluation that would provide full knowledge and diagnostics of this mode of transport (i.e. railway transport). Therefore, this article presents methods for modelling passenger flow in rail traffic at a national level (using the example of Poland). Time series models were used to forecast the number of passengers in rail transport. The error, trend, and seasonality (ETS) exponential smoothing model and the model belonging to the ARMA class were used. An adequate model was selected, allowing future values to be forecast. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model follows the tested series better than the ETS model and is characterised by the lowest values of forecast errors in relation to the test set. The forecast based on the ARIMA model is characterised by a better detection of the trends and seasonality of the series. The results of the present study are considered to form the basis for solving potential rail traffic problems, which depend on the volume of passenger traffic, at the central level. The methods presented can also be implemented in other systems with similar characteristics, which affects the usability of the presented solutions.
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Uddin, Waheed. "Value Engineering Applications For Managing Sustainable Intermodal Transportation Infrastructure Assets." Management and Production Engineering Review 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2013-0009.
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Abstract Frequent gridlocks and traffic jams during the periods of rush hours can result in long user delays and more vehicle emissions causing continuous degradation of air quality. The builtinfrastructure of densely populated cities and intercity travel by passenger and freight traffic lead to significant adverse impacts of traffic congestion on air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming. Transportation contributes 28% of energy related greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. This paper shows that traffic related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are higher per capita for several rural and smaller cities compared to large urban areas in the United States. Inadequate use of mass transit, urban sprawl, construction of more roads and traditional stop-controlled intersections, and addition of more lanes to increase traffic capacity and ease congestion, are primary causes of significant vehicle emission inventory of CO2 and air quality degradation. It is shown that sustainable traffic management policies, such as reduction of work-related travel by cars and more use of mass transit modes, can decrease CO2 emissions. Case studies of value engineering applications are presented to select cost-effective less polluting mass transport strategies based on economic evaluation of life cycle costs and benefits.
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Pronina, Olha. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING PASSENGER TRAFFIC BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC." Technology transfer: fundamental principles and innovative technical solutions 4 (November 30, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2585-6847.2020.001528.
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A methodology has been developed for assessing public transport passenger traffic in the city. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic is presented. The main criteria for assessing the attractiveness of passenger traffic are: the interval between vehicles, technical condition of the vehicle, route length, time of day. In the mathematical model, all input linguistic variables and output variable, their terms and membership functions are described. A fragment of a fuzzy knowledge base presented in the form of production rules is presented. At the exit, the dispatcher receives an output variable – the degree of confidence in the attractiveness of the route. Based on this assessment, the dispatcher can make a number of necessary changes to improve the functioning of the route. The software is implemented as a web service. This software will be convenient for dispatchers to use for planning public transport routes. Fifteen selected routes were taken for research, which are the most popular in the city. These routes were proposed for evaluation by three controllers. The results obtained from dispatchers were compared with the results of the fuzzy inference implemented in the software. The main advantage of using this software product is the ability to build a dynamic schedule based on the analysis of the dispatcher. This, in turn, will allow passengers to receive a better transportation service within the city
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Li, Li Hui, and Jun Wang. "Study on Equalization of Urban-Rural Public Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1761.
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Urban - rural public transportation is meaningful for promoting the urban and rural turnover, making the benefit of passenger resources comprehensive maximization. Equalization of urban-rural public transportation is important for coordinating of urban and rural development, promoting the integration of urban and rural areas, eliminating the urban and rural development imbalance .But it' not equal between urban and rural public traffic at present due to the demand, the management model different in China. It’s necessary to clear and improve the position of urban –rural public transportation in the social security system, to establish financial support system combine fairness and efficiency, establish the assessment and evaluation mechanism of urban-rural public transportation development level to promoting the development equally of urban-rural public transportation
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Fatima, Syeda Azka, and Khadija Imtiaz. "ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM." Vol 2 Issue 4 2, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2020020401.
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Transportation is an indistinguishable component of any society. Provision of luxury transportation at favorable rates to general public is the need of the day for societal comfort. Research has been done to assess the service and efficiency level of(Bus Rapid Transit)BRT system by evaluating initial parameters including passenger’s attitudes towards quality, safety, security, and service provided by Metro bus Lahore as well as identifying problems encountered by passengers. In Pakistan, local transportation play significant role for travelers to commute whereas the vast transportation system of Lahore and construction of Metro Bus Transit System with consideration to balance demands of traffic has provided safer, economical and secure public transport system to the people. This research has been carried out from Shahdara to Gujjumata. The questionnaire-based survey was conducted. which was comprised of questions according to problems, needs of passengers and indicators which were set to identify the service quality of Metro Bus. It is revealed from analysis that majority of people are satisfied from service quality, punctuality, accessibility and efficiency provided by BRT system. It is also observed that this service is user-friendly for physically impaired persons. Dissatisfaction level was also observed on low seating capacity in buses, security, safety of users on board. This research suggests concerned authority to improve, enhance current passenger services and provide better services so that current users can enjoy services and attract new passengers to use Metro bus as well as imply international best practices in Pakistan urban transport.
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Pielecha, Jacek, and Kinga Skobiej. "Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests." Archives of Transport 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5516.
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New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional relationships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust compo-nents). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.
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Li, Bing, and Lu Zhang. "Research on Simulation of Pedestrian in Passenger Transfer Hub Based on Commuter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1407.
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As the complex urban transportation network node,passenger transfer hub is the area of vary transport mode transforming and vary direction passenger flow assembling.Improve the service level and the transfer efficiency will increase the convenience, comfort and safety of the passenger transfer hub.Firstly,pedestrian traffic characteristics were analyzed in the hub based on the field experimental data.Secondly,pedestrian parameter relation models and relation curves of horizontal channel and stairs were established,and space parameter added at the same time.Finally,Applying Commuter software to simulate on Hohhot railway station for example and obtain some basic data related to pedestrian and vehicle equipment in order to provide certain support for evaluating the transfer efficiency-service level-operational management of the hub.
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Anisimov, Konstantin Olegovich. "Strategic planning features and tools of tourist routes transportations by inland water transport." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2021-2-129-139.
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The article describes the trends in the development of passenger traffic on tourist routes by inland water transport of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of the applied methods of strategic planning has an impact on the quality of decisions taken to develop the industry related to ensuring the quality and reliability of transport services within the country, increasing satisfaction with the needs of the economy and society in tourism transportation, and optimal investment in water transport infrastructure in the regions. The reasons and prerequisites for improving the applied methods of strategic planning in the inland water transport of Russia have been investigated. The features of strategic planning are reflected on the basis of the identified trends in the development of the tourist river transport market and external factors. There have been analyzed the conceptual apparatus in terms of assessing the strategic potential of transport development as an instrument for strategic planning of the industry. Features of such assessment for inland waterway tourism transport have been identified. Taking into account the current tasks of strategic planning, there has been proposed the author's definition of strategic potential, which is based on the calculation of the resource component of the potential, the potential of business processes in this segment, as well as the effectiveness of interaction with enterprises of related industries involved in the formation of a cruise product. The purpose of this article is to describe the components of the model for assessing the strategic potential of passenger transportation on tourist routes, taking into account the specifics of such transportation related to their differentiation by region, uneven passenger traffic in the regions. Examples of evaluation of potential parameters are given. A visualization of a model for assessing the potential of tourist transport in the Russian Federation in the context of managing resources, processes and interactions in inland water transport is presented.
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Karmila and Sulmiati. "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PRIORITAS PENYANDARAN KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE MULTI FACTOR EVALUATION PROCESS (MFEP)." Jurnal Sistem Informasi SIBerPro 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56708/siberpro.v7i1.323.
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PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 4 Makassar is a sea port in Makassar, Indonesia. This port has the highest passenger traffic and the largest cargo traffic in Sulawesi. Makassar port is also known as Soekarno-Hatta port. This study aims to create a prior decision support system ship berthing by applying the Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 4 Makassar. In this study, a Decision Support System was developed as an alternative in determining the priority of ship docking at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Persero Regional 4 Makassar by using the Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method. This method provides subjective consideration of factors that are considered important. Factors to consider are the length of the dock and loading, type of ship and transportation. The results of this study are in the form of rankings which will later become a benchmark in making ship docking priority decisions.
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Podvezko, Valentinas, Henrikas Sivilevicius, and Askoldas Podviezko. "SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS OF THE AHP METHOD IN TRANSPORT PROBLEMS." Archives of Transport 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1146966.
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In methodologies of solving different transport problems where the best decision has to be determined usually a number of chosen quantitative criteria are incorporated, which describe qualitative parameters of transport systems in quantitative terms. Often weights which reveal importance of such criteria must be evaluated. The realm of proprietary methods used in engineering sampling and experimental studies does not comprise methods of weight evaluation. Consequently, expert evaluation methods, which elicit weights of criteria from experienced, qualified and fair experts, are used. Among the most popular such methods is the method AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Scientists of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University used this method for investigation of interrelationship of elements of a transport system; for evaluation of influence of the interrelationship on road traffic safety; and for evaluation of quality of passenger railway transportation service.
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Rarasati, Ayomi D., Imran H. Mohammad, and Yusuf Latief. "Evaluasi Kinerja Infrastruktur Transportasi Udara di Ibukota Provinsi." WARTA ARDHIA 42, no. 4 (September 22, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v42i4.248.185-194.
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Adanya penurunan kualitas infrastruktur transportasi di Indonesia menjadikan penelitian mengenai perbedaan kondisi antara kebutuhan dan kemampuan sektor transportasi udara perlu untuk dilaksanakan dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja infrastruktur transportasi udara. Artikel ini menitikberatkan pada analisa jumlah dan pertumbuhan penumpang, jumlah dan pertumbuhan kargo dan juga kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah terkait infrastruktur transportasi udara. Berdasarkan analisa multi kriteria yang didapatkan dari data primer dan sekunder, penelitian yang bersifat eksploratif ini akan memberikan gambaran kondisi infrastruktur transportasi udara berdasarkan lalu lintas udara di infrastruktur bandara dan beberapa sudut pandang pemangku kepentingan seperti pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, akademisi dan praktisi. Peningkatan pertumbuhan penumpang merupakan indikator utama kinerja transportasi udara sedangkan pertumbuhan barang hanya sebagai indikator sekunder jika dinilai dari sudut pandang pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah.
[The Evaluation of Air Transportation Infrastructure Performance in Indonesian Capital Province] The research related to the difference between supply and demand of air transportation due to the decrease in the quality of the transportation infrastructure in Indonesia is needed in order to improve the performance of the air transportation infrastructure. This paper focuses on the analysis of the number and growth of passengers, the number and growth of cargos, and related government policies in air transportation sector. Based on multi-criteria analysis derived from primary and secondary data, this exploratory study will provide the condition of air transportation infrastructure based on the air traffic at the airport and several stakeholders perspectives such as central government, local government, academics and practitioners. The increase in passenger growth is the key indicator of air transportation performance while the cargo growth only serves as the secondary indicator if measured from the viewpoint of the central government and local government.
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Sun, Man, and Shi An. "Layout Optimization of Integrated Transfer Hub of Metropolis." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.94.
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Integrated transfer hub is the important transportation infrastructure and a passenger distributing center place. While our country integrated transfer hub exist some problems as attaching importance on line construction while despising hub layout. The spatial layout and facility layout is reasonable and imperfect, making low transfer efficiency, traffic bottlenecks, waste of resources. Therefore layout optimization of integrated transfer hub is a problem to solve. Combine with features and running state of transit hub in our country, passenger transport demand is forecasted and the combination forecasting model is constructed based on quadratic. In layout optimization of integrated transfer hub, the optimization method of facility layout is also put forward, building a model with minimum cost as the objective, layout of hub is effectively optimized. While proposing the optimization method, system evaluation is proposed aiming at the method, and three respects including internal benefits, social benefit and environmental benefit are used to evaluate the optimized system.
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Gao, Liu Yi, Xiao Jian Hu, Wei Wang, and Shan Shan Yu. "Development and Evaluation of a Green Wave Control Algorithm Based on Two-Way Bandwidth Maximization for Transit Signal Priority." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1046.
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A good traffic signal design is one of the key solutions to many transportation problems. A two-way green wave control strategy for transit signal priority is reviewed and evaluated in this paper. Considering the traffic tidal phenomenon along the arterial roads during rush hours, a directional transit signal priority algorithm depend on the passenger flow has been developed for the coordination in signalized intersections. The algorithm provides signal timing plans for each intersection and the optimal bus speed along each section based on two-way bandwidth maximization. The strategy was designed to provide sectional control on transits, using electric signs and existing traffic control devices. In this paper, the strategys efficiency was evaluated using VISSIM micro-simulation along an arterial road which contains five intersections and serves more than ten bus lines. Actual data was used in the simulation. The simulation results show that the presented algorithm can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the transit system. This green wave control strategy reduced the number of stops by 34 % to 47 % and travel delay time by 27 % to 30% of the transit, while restricting the impact on vehicular traffic to the minimum. Moreover, the number of stops and travel delay time of vehicular traffic actually got a slight decrease. The algorithm shows promising results, and with minor upgrades, it can be applied to any type of intersection.
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Schultz, Grant G., and Laurence R. Rilett. "Calibration of Distributions of Commercial Motor Vehicles in CORSIM." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, no. 1 (January 2005): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400126.
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One of the most critical aspects of effective microscopic traffic simulation models is proper calibration for accurate replication of both supply and demand characteristics, as well as their interaction. Recent research has begun automating the calibration process by using intelligent transportation system data. This research, however, has targeted automobile traffic and has not generally included commercial motor vehicle (CMV) impacts. Because CMVs are a significant part of the traffic stream and tend to have a disproportionate effect on the transportation system, it is theorized that these vehicles should be included in the calibration process. The objective of this research, therefore, is ( a) to outline calibration parameters and network properties available (including site-specific vehicle distributions with weigh-in-motion and automatic vehicle classification data) for a freeway simulation of both passenger cars and CMVs and ( b) to apply these parameters and network properties on an urban freeway system in Texas by using the microscopic traffic simulation model CORSIM and an auto-mated genetic algorithm calibration methodology. The results of the analysis indicate that the overall calibration measurably improves the ability of the model to replicate observed conditions. The results for this corridor, however, do not support the need to include maximum nonemergency deceleration rates in the calibration process. The inclusion of site-specific vehicle distributions, however, was observed to provide a more accurate representation of vehicle composition and overall network results. This methodology has not been explored previously and provides a strong base for evaluating the impacts of CMVs on the transportation network by the use of microscopic traffic simulation models.
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Hamad Raja Almujibah and Constantin Gabriel Nistorescu. "Analysis of public transportation system in makkah: Evaluation of efficiency, efficacity and safety operation of Almashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro (MMMSL)." World Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53346/wjast.2022.2.1.0038.
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The pilgrim passenger service was designed to support traffic capacities of 72,000 pphpd (during Hajj), the line length is approximate 18 Km, double track, and standard gauge. This study proposes to evaluate efficiency, efficacity and safety operation of the metro system build in Makkah, Almashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro (MMMSL). It is a special 18 Km of Metro line dedicated to support pilgrim service, especially during Hajj period. This line connects Arafat, Muzdalifah, Mina and Jamarat in Makkah area. This line was constructed in 2 years, during 2009 to 2011 time period, and entering in full service before Hajj, November 2011. This paper intends to suggest a further development(s) study concerning safety operation, and efficiency of the MMMSL metro line, and suggest potential infrastructure upgrades fit traffic capacities. Therefore, researchers present to the concerned reader(s) a paper structured to cater information for: introduction, line operation, dysfunctionalities, scheme development principles, identification of potential errors in scheme design, and recommendation for improvement. A qualitative research method was used, with both, literature review and five semi-structured interviews with industry experts. Research results indicated that more sample analysis and evaluation should be carried out, with a balance between a four-line metro system and upgrade the existing line to Maglev transport technology, software simulation of traffic capacities with verified software tools, analyse of station accommodation and loading / off-loading capacities, issues caused by signaling systems operating with OOP (Object Orientated Programming), etc. It was clearly outlined that existing metro system capacity cannot cope with 72,000 pphpd, and for existing forecasted figures of 2.5 million Hajj Pilgrims, a system with nearly 100,000 pphpd would satisfy requirements.
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Ding, Yangmin, and Hao Wang. "Evaluation of Hydroplaning Risk on Permeable Friction Course using Tire–Water–Pavement Interaction Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (June 17, 2018): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781392.
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Wet weather-related hazards such as hydroplaning can be reduced with the proper use of permeable friction course (PFC). At low rainfall intensities, PFC provides quick drainage of water and better skid resistance. However, at higher rainfall rates, the entire volume of runoff cannot be discharged within the porous layer, causing drainage to occur on pavement surface. Water flow on the road surface can result in hydroplaning of tires. The objective of the study is to evaluate hydroplaning risk of multi-lane roadways with PFC using a fluid–structure interaction model. A comprehensive three-dimensional grooved tire–water–pavement interaction model was developed to predict hydroplaning speeds on different pavement surfaces, rainfall intensities, and rutting depths for the passenger car tire with anti-lock braking system. The results demonstrate that PFC can effectively reduce hydroplaning risk for two-lane roadways under light rain rate to moderate rain rate as compared with impervious pavements. The hydroplaning risk becomes more apparent as the number of traffic lanes increases or with the presence of pavement rutting. However, hydroplaning risk on roadways with more than six traffic lanes under heavy rainfall intensity can still exist on PFC. The study results can be useful for both driver and transportation agencies to improve driving safety in wet weather.
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Paulauskas, Vytautas, Lawrence Henesey, Birute Plačiene, Martynas Jonkus, Donatas Paulauskas, Raimondas Barzdžiukas, Artur Kaulitzky, and Martynas Simutis. "Optimizing Transportation between Sea Ports and Regions by Road Transport and Rail and Inland Waterway Transport Means Including “Last Mile” Solutions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 10652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010652.
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Optimization transportation cargo and passengers between ports and regions are very important, because industrial regions are located some distance from ports. The demand for energy request for the movement of transport is a necessity in the modern world. Transport and activity called transportation are used daily, everywhere, and a lot of energy is needed to power the various transport modes. Today different transport modes are being used to transport passengers and cargo. It is quite common to use road transport, which can transport passengers and cargo from door to door. Considering alternative possibilities (road, railway and/or inland waterway transport), it is important, based on theoretical and experimentation, to identify optimal solutions. In finding transport modes that are either most technically or economically effective, we could unearth possible solutions which would require minimal energy use. Unfortunately, with increased transportation, this often leads to traffic congestion on the roads, which requires additional energy (fuel). This situation generates requirements from many stakeholders in terms of finding ways to decrease the transportation time and energy (fuel) consumed by transport modes. A theoretical method evaluation is conducted on the optimal transportation possibility that minimizes transportation time and energy (fuel) use by employing graph theory, which is presented in this paper. The scientific contribution is the development of a transport modes comparative index, which is then used for evaluations. This paper presents possible alternative transportation conditions based on a multi-criteria evaluation system, proposes a theoretical basis for the optimal solutions from an eco-economic perspective that considers energy, and provides for experimental testing during a specific case study. The final results from the case study provide recommendations and conclusions.
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Coffey, Sean, and Seri Park. "Operational Evaluation of Part-Time Shoulder Use for Interstate 476 in the State of Pennsylvania." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1724646.
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Part-time shoulder use (PTSU) is a capacity-adding strategy that utilized the shoulder temporarily during the peak commuting period and is used sporadically throughout the United States of America (USA). This strategy aids in addressing a transportation-related issue for major metropolitan areas. Around major metropolitan areas, the land availability is limited due to high population counts, which makes widening roadways for growing populations complex and expensive. Many countries are looking at methods that better utilize the transportation infrastructure currently constructed before widening the roadway. PTSU provides a possible solution to this problem, and this research aims to evaluate the operational benefits of PTSU using a case study based in the state of Pennsylvania. Interstate 476 (I-476), in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, metropolitan area is a prime candidate for PTSU. This four-lane highway has peak directional volumes of around 4,700 vehicles per hour in particular sections during the morning commuting period. I-476 is a major commuting route for the region, and the additional capacity during the commuting periods would greatly improve the flow of the surrounding network. This analysis was completed using a Vissim model simulating the 7 AM to 9 AM commuting period. A variety of PTSU scenarios were analyzed including (1) general purpose PTSU lane, (2) passenger cars only PTSU lane, (3) heavy trucks only PTSU lane, and (4) general purpose PTSU lane where additional traffic is induced. Overall, this study determined that PTSU could significantly decrease the travel time on I-476, regardless of vehicle type restrictions, and could provide a more stable traffic density throughout the I-476 network. This research provides additional insight into the effects of vehicle type restrictions on the effectiveness of PTSU and further strengthens the understanding of the operational benefit of PTSU.
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Sperry, Benjamin R. "Synthesis of North American High-Speed Passenger Rail Ridership Forecasting." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2608, no. 1 (January 2017): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2608-08.
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This paper presents a synthesis of two decades of ridership forecasts developed for proposed high-speed intercity passenger rail (HSR) routes in various stages of development across North America. A comprehensive database of ridership forecasts consisted of 210 ridership estimates from 43 unique intercity corridors. Analysis of the database revealed that increasing the maximum operating speed of the HSR service increased ridership, and a simple multiple linear regression model yielded demand elasticities that were consistent with values reported in published rider-ship studies. Regarding the impacts of HSR on the broader transportation system, this synthesis found that the mode share of HSR as well as the percentage of airline trips diverted to HSR services increased as the maximum speed of the system increased. The percentage of induced trips and the percentage of automobile trips diverted to HSR did not vary significantly with speed. Whereas this synthesis provides a starting point for a broader discussion about the importance of ridership forecasting in the development of the U.S. HSR network, each intercity corridor being considered for HSR service is unique, and market-specific ridership studies should be undertaken to identify the various ridership and other metrics necessary for service development. Improvements to the forecasting process, including greater transparency in the forecasting metrics reported as well as post facto evaluation of the ridership forecast against actual passenger traffic, would benefit the entire HSR service development process.
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Balid, Walid, and Hazem H. Refai. "Real-Time Magnetic Length-Based Vehicle Classification: Case Study for Inductive Loops and Wireless Magnetometer Sensors in Oklahoma State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 19 (August 27, 2018): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791612.
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Providing reliable, real-time vehicle volume and classification information is vital for 21st century intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Large vehicles have a major impact on traffic flow, as well as road maintenance. Information about passenger car versus truck volume is crucial for all transportation agencies. The work presented here provides a comprehensive method to develop length-based vehicle classification (LBVC) techniques that could be implemented using inductive loops (IDL) or magnetometer sensors (MAG). Distinctive LBVC schemes were developed to bin vehicles into groups based on structural similarity and statistical characteristics. Data collection, including vehicle magnetic length (VML) estimates using IDL and MAG, was performed at different sites located on Oklahoma highways and rural roadways to capture various traffic characteristics. Video images were utilized as ground-truth for accurate data labeling. Extensive data analyses, including machine learning methods and probabilistic modeling, were conducted to define decision boundaries for developed LBVC schemes. Three scenarios were developed for determining optimal thresholding methods: total classification accuracy maximization, per-group classification error minimization, and equal classification error optimization. Evaluation revealed consistent and accurate performance for all developed schemes. Classification accuracies of 97.70% and 99.00% were reported using MAG and IDL, respectively. The developed classification models are computationally efficient and can provide real-time LBVC data. The models are intended to supplement or replace axle-based data collection methods used throughout Oklahoma. The methodology developed in this work will also benefit other states and territories interested in developing LBVC schemes.
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Dolia, V. K., K. V. Dolia, and O. E. Dolia. "Determining Parameters of Functioning of Passenger Transport Routes by Means of Computer Simulation of Processes." Science & Technique 20, no. 6 (December 3, 2021): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-6-514-521.
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The efficiency of the functioning of urban passenger transport routes has been studied in the paper. It has been established that the functioning of urban passenger transport routes takes place in a non-isolated environment, which affects the system from the moment of its formation and can lead to discrepancy between the calculated and actual efficiency of the system. As a result of the fucntioning indicator analysis of the passenger transportation route, it has been revealed that the environment of the route functioning affects the efficiency in a complex manner. Consequently, the mutual influence of one factor on others should be taken into account. Performance evaluation should be carried out for the entire route system, and not within the separately considered subsystem. As a result of the analysis of such key indicators as income, fuel costs, lubricants, maintenance and repair, discrepancies have been found between the planned values of indicators and actual data. It is determined that the distribution function of the random variables of these indicators is described by a normal law. At the final stage of the study, regularities in the influence of the road transport enterprise parameters on the probability of investment return have been obtained. The proposed integrated approach to determining the efficiency of urban passenger transport routes is based not only on the established, but also on the stochastic parameters that occur during the functioning of these routes. An algorithm has been developed for determining the efficiency of urban route passenger traffic, which takes into account the interrelation of income and expenses, modern ideas about the patterns of change in the prpbability of development of optimistic, pessimistic and intermediate scenarios for improvement of route efficiency events. The algorithm is based on formalized dependences of the change in time of the probabilities of income and expenses which are taken into account in the operation process of urban passenger transport routes with their various parameters.
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Wang, Pengfei, and Ruiyun Yu. "SMF-GA: Optimized Multitask Allocation Algorithm in Urban Crowdsourced Transportation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (March 17, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8035167.
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Urban crowdsourced transportation, which can solve traffic problem within city, is a new scenario where citizens share vehicles to take passengers and packages while driving. Differing from the traditional location based crowdsourcing system (e.g., crowdsensing system), the task has to be completed with visiting two different locations (i.e., start and end points), so task allocation algorithms in crowdsensing cannot be leveraged in urban crowdsourced transportation directly. To solve this problem, we first prove that maximizing the crowdsourcing system’s profit (i.e., maximizing the total saved distance) is an NP-hard problem. We propose a heuristic greedy algorithm called Saving Most First (SMF) which is simple and effective in assigning tasks. Then, an optimized SMF based genetic algorithm (SMF-GA) is devised to jump out of the local optimal result. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of SMF and SMF-GA with extensive evaluations, based on a large scale real vehicle traces. The evaluation with large scale real dataset indicates that both SMF and SMF-GA algorithms outperform other benchmark algorithms in terms of saved distance, participant profits, etc.
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Zaytsev, Anatoly A., and Pavel S. Troitskiy. "Creating a magnetogravitational high-speed passenger line "Adler-Kislovodsk-Mineralnie vody"." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2016245-14.
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The article discusses the idea of creating magnetogravitational high-speed railway (MSM) for passenger traffic on the route "Adler - Kislovodsk - Mineralnie Vody". Introduction. MSM linking the main resorts of the North Caucasus will have an agglomeration effect on their development by bringing more tourists, will create a market of transportations in between these recreational facilities, which are now essentially absent. Analysis: With the appearance of the line MVSM 5 disparate resorts - Sochi, KVM, Arkhyz, Elbrus, Dombay - will become a major mixed-use resort cluster offers Spa services, ski programs and a seaside holiday. The cluster will have 2 of the airport of Sochi and Mineral Waters associated MSM, marine station, and the lines of the existing railway. The numbers of annual tourist arrivals in the structure of passenger traffic, investment costs and cost of travel are the most influencing payback. The project itself MVSM designed for tourists. Therefore, necessary deep pricing policy on tariffs for transportations on the line. In the first two years of operation of the highway in the financial model includes the cost of travel along the route 1 end in the amount of 1000 rubles. For the average family of three people a day excursion from Adler to Anapa, in particular, will cost 6000 RUB. Results: The necessity of using magnetogravitational technology on this high speed line due to the difficult mountainous terrain of the route, Maglev's ability to overcome steep slopes, turns with smaller radius curves in comparison with the technology "wheel-rail". As well as a lower negative impact on the nature of the Great Caucasus nature reserve. Conclusions: Formulated the main idea associated with the construction of high speed railway. Given economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed project
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Rodrigues, Diego O., Guilherme Maia, Torsten Braun, Antonio A. F. Loureiro, Maycon L. M. Peixoto, and Leandro A. Villas. "Exploring Hybrid-Multimodal Routing to Improve User Experience in Urban Trips." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104523.
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Millions of individuals rely on urban transportation every day to travel inside cities. However, it is not clear how route parameters (e.g., traffic conditions, waiting times) influence users when selecting a particular route option for their trips. These parameters play an important role in route recommendation systems, and most of the currently available applications omit them. This work introduces a new hybrid-multimodal routing algorithm that evaluates different routes that combine different transportation modes. Hybrid-multimodal routes are route options that might consist of more than one transportation mode. The motivation to use different transportation modes is to avoid unpleasant trip segments (e.g., traffic jams, long walks) by switching to another mode. We show that the possibility of planning a trip with different transportation modes can lead to improvement of cost, duration, and quality of experience urban trips. We outline the main research contributions of this work, as (i) an user experience model that considers time, price, active transportation (i.e., non-motorized transport) acceptability, and traffic conditions to evaluate the hybrid routes; and, (ii) a flow clustering technique to identify relevant mobility flows in low-sampled datasets for reducing the data volume and allow the execution of the analytical evaluation. (i) uses a Discrete Choice Analyses framework to model different variables and estimate a value for user experience in the trip. (ii) is a methodology to aggregate mobility flows by using Spatio-temporal Clustering and identify the most relevant of these flows using Curvature Analysis. We evaluate the proposed hybrid-multimodal routing algorithm with data from the Green and Yellow Taxis of New York, Citi Bike NYC data, and other publicly available datasets; and, different APIs, such as Uber and Google Directions. The results reveal that selecting hybrid routes can benefit passengers by saving time or reducing costs, and sometimes both, when compared to routes using a single transportation mode.
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Shen, Sijun, Marizen Ramirez, Cara J. Hamann, Nichole Morris, Corinne Peek-Asa, and Motao Zhu. "The Associations Between Older Driver Licensure Laws with Travel and Passenger Behaviors Among Adults Aged 65 Years or Older (United States, 2003–2017)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052251.
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Introduction: The aging population has been rapidly growing in the United States (U.S.). In line with this trend, older adults’ mobility and transportation safety are an increasing priority. Many states have implemented driver licensure laws specific to older adults to limit driving among the elderly with driving skill decline. Evaluations of these laws have primarily focused on their safety benefits related to older drivers’ fatal crash rate or injury rate. However, very few studies investigated licensure law effects on older adults’ mobility. Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate the association between older driver licensure laws and older adult daily traveling and passenger exposure. Methods: The 2003–2017 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data were linked with statewide driver licensure law provisions. Adults aged 55–64 years were used as the reference group to control for the effects of non-licensure-law factors (e.g., economic trend). We used modified Poisson regressions with robust variance to estimate the relationships between licensure law provisions and the likelihoods of older men and women’s daily traveling and passenger behaviors. Results: Laws requiring a vision test at in-person renewal were associated with increased daily traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older, primarily as a passenger. Laws requiring a knowledge test were related to a reduced daily overall traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older. Conclusions: In general, licensure law provisions are not strongly related to older adults’ mobility, in particular for older male adults. Older female adults’ daily mobility may be more likely to be influenced by the change of licensure laws than older male adults. The existence of gender-based disparities in responding to licensure laws requires future studies to account for the gender difference in estimating the effects of those traffic policies on older adults’ mobility and traffic safety.
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Elturki, Faris Ahmed Abdulfatah, and Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali. "Evaluation and Analysis of Factors Affecting Road Traffic Accidents in Tripoli-Libya." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 38 (September 2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.38.124.
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Incessant of transportation demand growth in developing countries in latest years has led to several traffic issues in city areas, among the most challenging ones are vehicular emission, traffic congestion, and accidents. The growth of transportation demand has great influences, and very unfortunate impact on the society regarding crashes, death, and injuries from road accidents have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The variation increased in speeds and vehicle density resulted in high exposure to accidents which lead loss of life and permanent disability, injury, and damage to property. This paper classified and investigate the most critical factors affect road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Tripoli the capital city of Libya. Four main categories were chosen to build the questionnaire, namely; human factors, road factors, vehicle factors and environmental factors. Moreover, a quantitative method was used to collect the data from the field, 400 respondents include; drivers, pedestrian and passengers were the sample size of the questionnaire and relative importance index (RII) were used for classification of one group and among all groups. The results show that more than 84%of respondents considered the over speeding as the most significant factor cusses of RTAs among all groups, while 81% considered the disobedience to driving code such as children who are playing with the car on the road as the most influential factor in human factors group. Also, nearly 74% of respondents seeing that poor brakes or brake failure factor has a high and considerable impact on the RTAs among the vehicle factors. Regarding the road factors group, 79% of the respondents ranked poor or no street lighting factor as one of the most effective factors on RTAs in road factors and third effecting factor concerning all factors, on the other hand, the environmental factors have the slights impacts compared with other factors.
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Nadimi, Navid, Fariborz Mansourifar, Morteza Asadamraji, and Amir Mohammadian Amiri. "Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on transportation: a case study of Iran." Archives of Transport 62, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9174.
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Coronavirus first appeared in January 2020 and has spread dramatically in most parts of the world. In addition to exerting enormous impacts on public health and well-being, it has also affected a broad spectrum of industries and sectors, including transportation. Countries around the world have imposed restrictions on travel and participation in activities due to the outbreak of the virus. Many countries have adopted social distancing rules requiring people to maintain a safe distance. Therefore, the pandemic has accelerated the transition into a world in which online educa-tion, online shopping, and remote working are becoming increasingly prevalent. Every aspect of our life has witnessed a series of new rules, habits, and behaviours during this period, and our travel choices or behaviours are no exception. Some of these changes can be permanent or have long-lasting effects. To control this situation, these changes must first be recognised in various aspects of transportation in order to provide policies for similar situations in the future. In this regard, this study seeks to examine how transportation sectors have changed in the first waves of the pandemic. Iran has been selected as the case study in this paper. This research is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on rural transportation in Iran. This is followed by assessing the impacts of the virus on urban transportation in Tehran (the capital of Iran). The behaviour of more than 700 travellers in terms of trip purpose, travel time, and mode choice is evaluated using a questionnaire. Results indicate that the number of passen-gers has reduced dramatically in rural transportation systems. In such systems, considerations such as keeping social distancing, disinfection of passengers and their luggage, and unemployment of a group of personnel working in the transportation industry have been more evident. In urban transportation, education trips have dropped the most. This might relate to an increase in online teaching and health concerns. The same pattern can be seen in the passengers who used bicycles, public taxis, and other public transportation systems. Finally, during the pandemic, drivers’ speed has increased, which justifies the need for traffic calming for drivers.
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Kopytkov, D., and G. Samchuk. "APPLICATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR STUDYING THE FATIGUE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION USERS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 171 (October 17, 2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-4-171-191-200.
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Mass transit is the main component of an urban environment to determine both the pace of its development and the living standard of population. Along with the obvious advantages of urban transportation, there are also social negative effects, among which the losses from environmental and noise pollution, traffic accidents and travel fatigue should be taken into account. Unlike the first three undesired consequences, for which evaluation methods have been developed under existing conditions, travel fatigue demonstrates a poorly studied result of the urban transportation functioning. In the spheres of material and non-material production the negative social and economic travel fatigue results can be seen as a decrease in the work productivity and quality (increased product defects), increase in the level of industrial injuries, occupational diseases, adaptation time ("working-in") to the working environment and even as a workplace aggression. In everyday life, travel fatigue can be revealed as an apathy, inactivity, absent-mindedness, bad mood, memory impairment, and a decrease in the body's resistance to various diseases. Based on the techniques of travel fatigue studying, a questionnaire method has been presented and quantitatively estimated from the reliability and validity viewpoint by mathematical statistics. Reliability and validity valuation results indicated an acceptable correlation ratio (>0.8) to consider this approach as a measure of travel fatigue expressed as a passenger’s adaptation time to workplace. The use of the "workplace adaptation time" indicator allows determining the travel fatigue regardless of the field of material or non-material production, to which passengers should be classified as employees. For the sampling volume of 80 observations, the average adaptation time is 18.2 minutes, which is statistically significant and non-random according to the t-statistics. The adaptation time value can be used to find economic losses of the travel fatigue and to select the type and number of fixed-route vehicles, traffic headways and other socially significant mass transit operation parameters which is the direction of further research. Promising aspects of the research are also improving the survey quality by increasing the sampling size and distributing the questionnaires in other cities to identify the stable trends in the passenger’s travel fatigue formation. Keywords: fatigue, questionnaire, reliability, validity, correlation coefficient, effect
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Desta, Robel, and Janos Toth. "Macroscopic Experiments on Coexistence of Autonomous Vehicle Behavior on Various Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (October 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3552167.
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Automated vehicles (AVs) are likely to bring paradigm shift in the future of transportation and in the transformation of urban space as they could reduce traffic accidents, energy consumption, and pollution while also lowering congestion expenses. To provide meaningful insights, there is a substantial need for investigation into the macroscopic evaluation of various evolutions of AVs using several measures of effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the macroscopic operational impacts of AVs in terms of their driving logics, automation levels, and roadway type, all of which are adopted based on their passenger car unit (PCU) factors at various penetration rates, in order to assess the coexistence of AVs with heterogeneous traffic. The daily vehicle hours travelled, daily vehicle kilometers travelled, sum of delays on links, speed variation, and sum of vehicle volumes on links are used as measures of effectiveness parameters based on outputs of PTV Visum scenario manager. The results of the various scenario combinations depicted an overall improvement with advancement of driving logics, automation levels, and roadway types for each studied parameter. For instance, for better roadway condition with the motorway scenario and at higher AV penetration, the cautious driving behavior negatively affects the network performance, whereas favorable improvements are observed for the parameters of the normal and aggressive driving behaviors. Decision makers could make use of the insights obtained from the results to further shape the AV deployment aspects and extend the study considering infrastructure AV-readiness along with AV communication systems.
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Du, Heng, Yu Wang, Lin Shi, and Yuxuan Xing. "Investigating Evaluation Indicators of Intelligent Vehicle Sharing Based on Operation Efficiency: A Case Study in Xiong’an New Area, China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7418127.
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Under the background of implementing green travel in response to the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, the concept of shared travel as a new transportation mode has been promoted. This paper aims at providing a more scientific and quantitative method to explore the shared travel traffic mode and evaluating efficiency with data mining technology. Based on the analysis of the evaluation index system of the existing intelligent shared mobility, this paper firstly points out some issues in reflecting the operation efficiency of a specific shared mobility service. In order to find out the characteristics of passenger flow and propose recommend indicators, this study presents a detail analysis using data in Xiong’an new area from September 2020 to September 2021. Then, this paper proposes a time-series algorithm to identify ridesharing behavior of demand responsive (DR) bus and to recommend indicators on operation efficiency considering capacity, turnover, and time. Moreover, the definition of indicators and calculation of case study are carried out. Results show that the utilization rate of vehicle seat for DR bus was increased by 1.6–2.5 times, and the turnover efficiency was increased by about 2 times compared to private cars and taxi. In general, this paper quantitatively describes the improvement of operation efficiency brought by bus sharing, which shows that this kind of shared mobility has the attributes of public transport in a certain sense. Also, this paper shows that the above indicators are quantifiable and comparable, which is a useful supplement to the existing evaluation index system.
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Silyuta, A. G., A. G. Silyuta, and D. M. Mayakov. "Modern approaches to the efficiency assessing of created vehicles." Russian Railway Science 81, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2022-81-1-53-62.
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Introduction. The manufacturers currently develop new locomotives considering operating conditions with further locomotive fixation on the target ground. They also calculate the operational locomotive models with the key indicators for assessing the cost of the life cycle during the engineering stage. Therefore, the basic information for making operational decisions on purchase about selected locomotive items is the evaluation of the traction rolling stock effectiveness. The manufacturers of other vehicle types have similar aims in terms of operating conditions, engineering features, etc.Materials and methods. The scientists succeed in the usage of the modern evaluating approaches to the vehicles efficiency. The application of the similar criteria that differ in the calculation mechanism and the initial data volume is especially important in evaluating the effectiveness of the multimodal transportation of freight and passenger traffic. The article presented the critical analysis of the main approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the road, water and railway vehicles. Thus, the authors concluded that the manufacturers should consider both the efficiency of the vehicle and the usage intensity.Results. The authors demonstrate quantitative estimates of the proposed efficiency criterion for certificate features and considering real operational conditions. The paper presents the simulation results comparison with the calculation ones considering certificate features. Thus, operational conditions significantly effect the efficiency criterion.Discussion and conclusion. The authors highlight that the obtained results are universal for evaluating the effectiveness of the various vehicles in terms of different rolling stock features.
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ODUNFA, S. O., A. A. ADEKUNLE, and S. I. OLATUNJI. "EVALUATION OF VIABLE OPERATING STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT BETWEEN FUNAAB CAMPUS AND CAMP TERMINUS IN ABEOKUTA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 12, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v12i1.1864.
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Transportation is a live wire for national development regardless of a nation industrial capacity, population or technological development. It gives expressions to policy initiative in areas like health, education, employment, etc., and in the absence of it, these facilities would be inaccessible. Viable operating strategies for public transport between Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Ogun State Nigeria Campus and Camp Terminus in Abeokuta were evolved. Traffic study was conducted for seven (7) days to determine traffic volume and peak periods (morning and evening) along the route. Questionnaires were administered to the road users to obtain factors (availability of vehicles, travel time from Camp Terminus to FUNAAB, road condition, operational cost, comfortability of the vehicle) needed to generate operating strategies. These factors were subjected to statistical analysis. The traffic volume revealed that Private cab had the highest traffic flow for a.m. peak period (8: 00 – 9: 00 am) from Mondays to Thursdays while Public cab had the highest on Fridays to Sundays, and at the pm peak period (4:00 – 5:00 pm), Public cabs had the highest traffic volume on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays while the Private cabs had the highest on the rest days of the week. The analysis of the sampled population showed that public cab had the least total time travel (36.1 minutes) followed by mini- bus (37.8 minutes) while the school bus had the highest (43.7 minutes) and this justified the reason why 40% of the population choose to travel by public cab, 33% by mini– bus and 27% by the school bus. However, for the viability of the operating strategies, more public cab and min-buses should be provided to ply the road because of their lesser travel time, also provision of more school buses because of the large number of passengers they carry per trip should be provided.
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Djamaludin, Achmad, Benny Sukandari, Eko Krisdiono, and Ali Mashudi. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE RECEPTION FACILITY DEVELOPMENT OF TANJUNG PERAK BRANCH SURABAYA." JOURNAL ASRO 10, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v10i1.87.
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Presently, the rapidly increasing population growth has been shown to create the growing needs of sea transportation services, both for freight and passengers. The augmentation of sea transportation fleets causes the ever-increasing number of all types of ships and the vessel traffic congestion in many connected sailing lanes. The development of sea transportation media significantly affects the potency of sea pollution. Therefore, it requires an analysis of the development feasibility of the Reception Facility in Tanjung Perak Port Surabaya. The first analysis is by doing the evaluation of investment feasibility based on the law, market, technical and financial aspects. After that, the measurement is done by using the methods of Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Average Rate of Return (ARR), Profitability Index (PI) and investment risk analysis. In this research, the gained NPV is about Rp. 431.257.167, PP value about 8 years 9 months 26 days, IRR 22,695%, ARR 30,32%, PI about 1,39, so the infrastructure investment program of Reception Facility in Tanjung Perak Port Surabaya is feasible to be carried out.
Keywords: Feasibility Study, NPV, PP, IRR, ARR, PI, Investment Risk
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Loken, Andrew E., Joshua S. Steelman, Scott K. Rosenbaugh, and Ronald K. Faller. "Autonomous Vehicle Safe Operating Speeds on the Automated Skyway Express in Jacksonville, Florida." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 6 (February 17, 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121991834.
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Autonomous vehicles (AV) differ significantly from traditional passenger vehicles in both their behavior and physical characteristics. As such, the validity of the guidance provided in the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition (MASH 2016) is questionable in AV applications. Impact angles, speeds, and vehicle weights specified in MASH 2016 are inextricably linked to the traditional vehicles underlying the estimates. For AV applications, these parameters must be estimated from the ground up, stepping outside the guidance of MASH 2016. In this paper, a conservative method for evaluating existing infrastructure to support AV traffic is proposed. The method integrates traditional structural analyses with unconventional methods of estimating impact conditions. This methodology was developed for the Jacksonville Transportation Authority, who, when faced with unique challenges in maintaining and expanding their Automated Skyway Express, opted to convert the system from monorail to AV traffic. Leading AV developers were surveyed to develop a portfolio of potential candidates for the conversion. Estimated impact conditions were then compared against the capacity of the system’s existing concrete parapets. Ultimately, safe operating speeds for each AV candidate were recommended on the bases of structural capacity and vehicle stability. All but one AV candidate were deemed capable of safely operating at the desired speed of 25 mph without any modifications to the barrier. Although the methodology was developed for a particular case, it is applicable to future implementations of AVs on existing infrastructure, provided the roadway is confined similarly to the Skyway deck.
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Griskeviciene, Daiva, Algirdas Griskevicius, and Ausrine Griskeviciute-Geciene. "A New Approach to Assessment of Infrastructure Projects on Urban Transport Systems." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0009-5.
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A New Approach to Assessment of Infrastructure Projects on Urban Transport Systems The scientific analysis of currently used assessment principles of the development on urban transport systems; subsystems on vehicles, passenger and freight transportations, special public services, pedestrian and bicyclists has been carried out. Each subsystem needs technical infrastructure, the set of informational and traffic control means. Moreover quantitative and qualitative development of transport infrastructure is necessary for appropriate operating of whole communication system. Unfortunately an increase in the level of automobilization, growing transport flows in urban territories and decreasing investment for the development of transport infrastructure are the main barriers for urban development. An uncontrolled increase in automobilization changed the character of the usage of urban territories, urban structure, stimulated the process of agglomeration and formed new problems. The results of expert evaluation and statistical analysis highlighted the influence of each subsystem on the sustainable development of whole urban transport system by technical, traffic safety, social-economic, environmental and other specific aspects. Objects of technical infrastructure that should be treated as infrastructure of urban road transport system were identified. The results of statistics analysis allowed determine features of separate objects necessary to evaluate; assess and adjust separate stages, key principles and quantitative and qualitative criteria of assessment of the development on urban transport systems infrastructure.
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Bostani, Maryam Karimiyan, Fateme Hashemzehi, and Mahmood Reza Anvari. "Evaluation of roadside service centers. Case study: Zahedan to Khash Road." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_130.
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In the recent century, the excessive and unplanned growth of urbanism and inattention to the proper and correct selection of locations for roadside uses, especially roadside services, have led to the appearance of problems such as lack of spaces for service centers, inappropriate access, and other problems. The strategic location of the city of Zahedan among other cities of Sistan and Baluchistan Province and its connection to the national corridors requires development and growth of transportation industry and improvement of its performance. Some of the utmost important centers that have to be established for this purpose on the roadsides in the required quantities are roadside service and welfare centers. Therefore, in order to maintain and promote the security of the roads in the country, the establishment of such centers requires studies, evaluations and eventually, determination of appropriate and secure locations. In this study, considering the necessity of establishing service and welfare centers on the Zahedan to Khash Road, first, the existing centers were evaluated from the perspectives of passengers, then, by the use of site selection systems, some locations were determined in the high traffic parts of this road. The research methodology in this study is descriptive-analytical which is used in order to analyze the collected data. The research findings show that according to the passengers, the conditions of roadside services on the Zahedan to Khash Road and the existing infrastructures are weak. However, they are satisfied with social and security-related factors. The passengers also stated that these roadside service centers have created job opportunities in the region. They also have been effective in providing security of the roads.
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Zeng, Baoping, Yonggang Li, Wanglong Jia, and Hengbo Luo. "Analysis of the Degree of Convenience of Xi'an Metro Station." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 6, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v6i5.4348.
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Urban subways have developed rapidly in recent years and has gradually become the primary choice of public transportation in big cities. Subways can effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion and improve passengers’ green travel experience, especially in the old urban areas where urban space is limited, community facilities are aging and historical features are gathered. Subways play a huge role in guiding the expansion of urban space form and improving urban landscape environment. As the only channel for passengers to get in and out of the station, the subway entrance and exit act as a bridge. It is not only the transition space between the subway station space and the urban above ground space, but also an important node for the exchange and circulation of various elements in the urban space. In this paper, the influencing factors of subway entrance and exit space environments in the old city were investigated, and relevant basis for future planning, design, and construction of subway entrances and exits were provided. Firstly, the research results and shortcomings of subway entrance and exit channels were outlined. Secondly, based on the perspective of residents and passengers, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to determine six first-class evaluation indexes, including safety, convenience, practicability and aesthetics. This paper constructs the evaluation system of spatial environment index of subway station entrances and exits in the old urban area of Xi’an. Lastly, according to the evaluation results, the paper puts forward the targeted optimization strategies for the current situation of the entrance and exit space environment of the subway stations in the Xi’an.
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Gaied, Mouhaned, Anis M’halla, Dimitri Lefebvre, and Kamel Ben Othmen. "Robust control for railway transport networks based on stochastic P-timed Petri net models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 233, no. 7 (January 25, 2019): 830–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818823583.
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This article is devoted to the modeling, performance evaluation and robust control of the railway transport network in Sahel Tunisia. The regular increase in the number of passengers makes the management of transportation systems more and more complex. Railway transport requires specific needs. Indeed, many decision and optimization problems occur from the planning phase to the implementation phase. Railway transport networks can be considered as discrete event systems with time constraints. The time factor is a critical parameter, since it includes schedules to be respected in order to avoid overlaps, delays and collisions between trains. The uncertainties affect the service and the availability of transportation resources and, consequently, the transport scheduling plan. Petri nets have been recognized as powerful modeling and analysis tools for discrete event systems with time constraints. Consequently, they are suitable for railway transport systems. In this article, stochastic P-time Petri nets are used for the railway transport networks in Sahel Tunisia. A global model is first detailed. Then, this model is used to analyze the network traffic and evaluate the performance of the system. Robustness again disturbances is introduced and a control strategy is developed to reduce the consequences of the disturbances in order to maintain the expected schedule.
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Jo, Hanghun, Seong-A. Kim, and Heungsoon Kim. "Forecasting the Reduction in Urban Air Pollution by Expansion of Market Shares of Eco-Friendly Vehicles: A Focus on Seoul, Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 15314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215314.
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Due to global climate change, various countries have agreed upon the use of conventions. In this study, the eco-friendly vehicular policy on carbon neutrality implemented in Seoul, Korea, was examined. To this end, various policy-based scenarios were set, and the changes in automotive exhaust gas emissions were evaluated and compared. The evaluation method combined macroscopic and microscopic emission models as its analysis framework. Micro-traffic data available in Korea were used for analyses, and the results for all autonomous districts were derived to cover the entire area of Seoul. The findings confirmed that the most effective measure is the initial replacement of old, mid-size, or large diesel passenger cars with eco-friendly vehicles (Middle-sized: Scenario 2-1 5.52%, Scenario 2-2 6.86%, Scenario 3-1 80.93%, and Scenario 3-2 83.98%). The replacement of old vehicles exhibited the highest effect in all tested scenarios, while the initial replacement of diesel vehicles was more effective than the replacement of gasoline and liquified petroleum gas vehicles (Diesel: Scenario2-1 6.64%, Scenario 2-2 8.21%, Scenario3-1 86.23%, and Scenario 3-2 90.51%). Among the autonomous districts of Seoul, the Gangnam-gu area exhibited the largest emission-reduced effect among all the tested scenarios (Gangnam-gu: Scenario 2-1 5.80%, Scenario 2-2 6.74%, Scenario 3-1 80.44%, and Scenario 3-2 82.62%). Overall, it was demonstrated that the findings of this study may have significant policy implications in terms of urban emission changes pertaining to transportation.
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Ho, Chun-Hsing, Ziyan Wu, Zhonghan Zhang, Pengxiang Zhao, and Junxin Huang. "Using Co-polymers to Improve Soil Strength and Mitigate Fugitive Dust Emissions: Laboratory Evaluation." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211013.
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A report by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the USA stated that there are over 1.4 million miles (2.3 million kilometres) of unpaved roads in the United States, over 1/3 of the U.S highway systems. Unpaved roads play an important role in transporting goods and passengers in between urban and suburban areas. However, most unpaved roads are gravel and unimproved that have exposed a severe issue for local transportation networks. Particularly when unpaved roads are in wet conditions (rain or snow), the muddy and soft surface roads have created a hazardous environment for traffic operations. The paper presents an improvement plan using co-polymer dust suppressants to be mixed with soils collected in Northern Arizona. Soil samples were mixed with the co-polymer dust suppressants using four concentration rates (0% water, 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight). A series of tests were performed including surface strength (resistant penetration) test, dynamic rolling test, and unconfined compressive shear test. The results show that the addition of co-polymer dust suppressants in the soil has improved the soil shear strength and decreased dust emissions, provided the results from the surface strength test, dynamic rolling test, and unconfined compressive strength test are promising.
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Nikitin, Victor V., and Vladimir M. Strepetov. "Vehicle Electromagnets Energy Supply of A.C. Combined Levitation and Traction System." Transportation systems and technology 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20173325-38.
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Introduction. The combined levitation and traction system (CLTS) with alternating current represents a kind of electrodynamic suspension system in which the traction and levitation force are created by one set of onboard electromagnets, and the lifting force is provided at any speeds of the crew, including the zero speed. The disadvantages of the system are the low energy factor and the complexity of controlling the start-brake regimes. The scope of such a system can be passenger transportation within large cities and urban agglomerations for distances up to 100 km with speeds up to 150-200 km / h. Goal. The aim of the work is the solution of the complex problem of providing CLTS onboard electromagnets with electric power with an increased energy factor and the ability to control all driving regimes. Method (methodology). Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic and electromechanical processes with subsequent evaluation of technical and economic parameters of the CLTS were used. Results. A practically realizable version of the power supply system for the on-board electromagnets CLTS is proposed. Practical significance. The proposed version of the power supply system has significant advantages over previously considered ones: the ability to flexibly control all modes of CLTS traffic with an increased energy factor. Conclusion. The system of power supply of the CLTS with alternating current from the traction network of constant voltage 3 ... 5 kV with placement of autonomous inverters onboard the crew allows to reduce the mass of the on-board electrical equipment by 10-20%, to minimize the consumption of inactive power and to flexibly control all modes of the crew's movement.