Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation

Academic literature on the topic 'Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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Bure, V. M., V. V. Mazalov, A. V. Melnik, and N. V. Plaksina. "Passenger Traffic Evaluation and Price Formation on the Transportation Services Market." Advances in Operations Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163495.

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This paper investigates equilibrium formation in the passenger traffic model. First, we propose an estimation technique for the distribution of incoming passengers at each stop with respect to subsequent stops of a route based on available information on incoming and outgoing passengers. Second, we employ the obtained information on passenger traffic to introduce a game-theoretic model of passenger traffic distribution with respect to transport facilities.
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Burlakova, G., and М. Bukina. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEGREE OF NECESSITY OF QUALITY INDICATORS IN THE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION SYSTEM." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-152-157.

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The approaches to assessing the quality of passenger transport services and indicators considered in scientific works, and also existing in state and international standards, are considered. A hierarchical system of indicators (ranking level) has been drawn up, which distributes the sequence of indicators of transport services. The foreign experience of organizing the work of municipal transport was taken into account, the quality of service of which is constantly monitored and as close as possible to the needs of passengers. However, a number of issues, namely: measuring the quality of transport services for the population on a digital scale, methods and methods for monitoring quality assessment, and improving it, etc., remain open. Based on the results of the preliminary study, the main indicators for assessing the quality of passenger transport were identified and grouped, both objective and dependent on the perception of the consumer, which most clearly describe the quality of the provision of passenger transport services. Almost all researchers in their works have determined that the system of general quality indicators should include the following indicators: availability, reliability, comfort, information content, safety, regularity, cost-effectiveness. But due to the importance of each of the elements of the complex indicator, it is necessary to take into account not only all the components of the quality assessment, but also, to a certain extent, their impact on the quality of the transportation process. The article analyzes the importance of each component included in the system of indicators for assessing the quality of transport services for passengers. The necessity of digital assessment of the quality of services for the transportation of passengers by city bus transport has been substantiated. The developed methodology will allow assessing the quality of passenger transportation by other types of transport. The degree of the need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system has been substantiated, which will allow evaluating the quality of passenger service not at the verbal level ("bad", "good"), but at the level of digital comparison. substantiation of the degree of need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system; considering the feasibility of each indicator with its constituent components, determining the degree of influence of each component on the quality of the provision of services for the carriage of passengers by road. For the digitalization of the assessment of the quality of transportation, the designation of the general quality indicator is adopted - Яобщ. In numerical terms, the quality indicator should tend to the maximum value, which in this study is taken as 4. For this, all indicators will be divided into separate components, the weight of which will be estimated at 0.1. A general indicator for assessing the quality of passenger transportation has been determined, which will determine the competitiveness of the enterprise, satisfy the need for a high-quality transportation process, taking into account all criteria and indicators. Thus, the assessment of the quality of passenger transportation, based on the minimum value of the coefficient, which will tend from 3.5 to 4, will determine the ability of the enterprise to carry out the transportation of passengers according to a qualitative assessment and, taking it into account, conduct tenders for the transportation of passengers. Keywords: quality assessment, indicators, transport service, transportation process, passenger traffic, monitoring, ranking.
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Wu, Lin Lin, Luo Zhang, and Yang Wang. "Inter-City Public Transportation Pricing Based on Game Theory Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.902.

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Rail transit system and buses are the two main modes of public passenger transportation between adjacent cities in China. The development of public transport system and especially that of the rail transit may promote the sustainable development of the region. According to principle of utility maximization, this paper predicts passengers’ traffic mode choices based on evaluation model of passenger’s general traffic expenses. This paper analyzes the game relation of pricing between Rail Company and Bus Company on the condition of free competition from the perspective of maximizations of profit. It presents the model of public transportation pricing strategy and the model of subsidy policy in two situations respectively, which are when government subsides public transportation and when government does not. This paper provides basis for related administrative departments to make policies on sustainable transport pricing.
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Yoneda, Kiyoshi. "Elevator Trip Distribution for Inconsistent Passenger Input-Output Data." Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services 1, no. 2 (October 11, 2007): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/dmms.2007.1.2.175.

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Accurate traffic data are the basis for group control of elevators and its performance evaluation by trace driven simulation. The present practice estimates a time series of inter-floor passenger traffic based on commonly available elevator sensor data. The method demands that the sensor data be transformed into sets of passenger input-output data which are consistent in the sense that the transportation preserves the number of passengers. Since observation involves various behavioral assumptions, which may actually be violated, as well as measurement errors, it has been necessary to apply data adjustment procedures to secure the consistency. This paper proposes an alternative algorithm which reconstructs elevator passenger origin-destination tables from inconsistent passenger input-output data sets, thus eliminating the ad hoc data adjustment.
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Xi, Shen E. "Hubs Planning of Comprehensive Passenger Transportation Based on Fuzzy Entropy Weight Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1188.

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With the rapid development of highway construction, quickly increasing passenger traffic demand, the importance of layout planning of highway passenger terminal is becoming more obvious. Based on analyzing the forming mechanism of a passenger transport hub, an evaluation indicator system was established for a comprehensive transport hub from the perspectives of transport demand and supply. For overcoming the subjectivity, entropy theory was applied to determine the various indicator weights with fuzzy evaluation model. Finally, the indicator system and fuzzy entropy weight method were applied in Jiangsu province as a case study.
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Utku, Anıl, and Sema Kayapinar Kaya. "Multi-layer perceptron based transfer passenger flow prediction in Istanbul transportation system." Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/dmame0315052022u.

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Estimating passenger movement in transportation networks is a critical aspect of public transportation systems. It allows for a greater understanding of traffic patterns, as well as efficient system evaluation and monitoring. It could also help with precise timing to emergencies or important events, as well as the improvement of urban transport system weaknesses and service quality. The number of transfer passengers demand in Istanbul, Turkey's biggest and most developed metropolis, was used to construct a real-world forecasting model in this study. The number of transfer passengers has been forecasted using popular machine learning methods such as kNN (k-Nearest Neighbours), LR (Linear Regression), RF (Random Forest), SVM (Support Vector Machine), XGBoost and MLP. The dataset utilized is made up of hourly passenger transfer counts gathered at two public transportation transfer stations in Istanbul in January 2020. Using MSE, RMSE, MAE and R2 parameters, each model's experimental data have been thoroughly evaluated. MLP has more successfully other machine learning algorithms in the majority of transportation lines, according to the experimental results.
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Niu, Tian He, and Xi Zhang. "Passengers Organization Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis of Beijing South Railway Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2257.

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Integrated transport hub is an important component of integrated transport system. The high-speed rail passenger terminal is the center of external transport and urban city traffic; public and private transport and convert a variety of other passenger transportation. This paper by analyzing Transport passenger flow line organizations in the status, it was confirmed the main factors that affected the transport passenger flow line organizations, then set up the evaluation index system of the major city passenger flow line organizations, and using the AHP to determine the target system in all levels of the weight factors. On this basis, by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, it was assessed the transport passenger flow line organizations of Beijing South Railway Station.
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Bulyonkov, Mikhail Alekseevich, Vladimir Yurevich Malov, and Tatyana Viktorovna Nesterenko. "RESEARCH AND FORECASTING OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC USING THE MIX-PROSTOR SYSTEM." System informatics, no. 19 (2021): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31144/si.2307-6410.2021.n19.p41-56.

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The paper considers the problem of evaluating the possibilities of alleviating transportation discrimination of the population of Asian Russia. The authors suggest extending the MIX-PROSTOR system for transportation stream modeling by including tools for evaluating options of multimodal passenger transportation.
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Krajnc, Roman, and Drago Sever. "Model Approach to Quality Provision of Public Passenger Transport." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i1.165.

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Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis is relevant. Constant transportation technique and technology devel-opment caused by the need of conformation to the new market conditions is the basis for such an approach. The model approach for resolving the problems of public pas-senger transport is provided in a scientific report. The model of quality of passenger transport comprises the submodels which define relevant measures for the provi-sion of passenger transport quality. The synthesis of sub-model for adoption of quality standards, submodel of pas-senger demands, submodel of operation safety and securi-ty and economic submodel construct the model of quality of public passenger transport (PPT). Its evaluation has been carried out using SWOT analysis. KEY WORDS: public passenger transport, traffic, lines, network, quality, mobility
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BORUCKA, Anna, and Patrycja GUZANEK. "PREDICTING THE SEASONALITY OF PASSENGERS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT BASED ON TIME SERIES FOR PROPER RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT." Transport Problems 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.1.05.

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Planning the frequency of rail services is closely related to forecasting the number of passengers and is part of the comprehensive analysis of railway systems. Most of the research presented in the literature focuses only on selected areas of this system (e.g. urban agglomerations, urban underground transport, transfer nodes), without presenting a comprehensive evaluation that would provide full knowledge and diagnostics of this mode of transport (i.e. railway transport). Therefore, this article presents methods for modelling passenger flow in rail traffic at a national level (using the example of Poland). Time series models were used to forecast the number of passengers in rail transport. The error, trend, and seasonality (ETS) exponential smoothing model and the model belonging to the ARMA class were used. An adequate model was selected, allowing future values to be forecast. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model follows the tested series better than the ETS model and is characterised by the lowest values of forecast errors in relation to the test set. The forecast based on the ARIMA model is characterised by a better detection of the trends and seasonality of the series. The results of the present study are considered to form the basis for solving potential rail traffic problems, which depend on the volume of passenger traffic, at the central level. The methods presented can also be implemented in other systems with similar characteristics, which affects the usability of the presented solutions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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Lau, Chung-sum Edmund, and 劉淞森. "A study of evaluation methodology for passenger handling facilities insubway stations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950632.

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Alharbi, Fawaz Ali. "Evaluation of Relationship of Seat Belt Use Between Front Seat Passengers and Their Drivers in Dayton, Ohio." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1404829225.

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Zhang, Li, and Xi Ren. "A two-factor evaluation of bus delays based on GIS-T database and simulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7985.

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During the urbanization process, vehicles quantity increase with expansion in population. Under this situation, bus transportation system also suffers from bus delay. Bus delay could be caused by a series of factors, for instance, overload passengers, traffic jam, traffic accident and other unpredictable situations. Therefore, choosing crucial elements to efficiently evaluate bus delay is a complex problem in bus delay researches and operation management. The thesis propose an approach to evaluate and explain bus delay by two elements: traffic congestion and passengers’ waiting time. Those two elements would represent the action of external and internal factors on bus operation. This approach could be adaptive to explain the reasons for bus delays, thus to help the optimization of bus lines and give useful information for decision making of transportation company. To achieve the research aim, a GIS-T database was created by combining the GIS database and TIS database. Spatial data as well as attribute data are combined in the database to represent the crucial information for bus delay. Based on GIS-T the database, the impact of traffic congestion and passengers’ waiting time was calculated using the bus line simulation. By implementing the above steps, the main cause of bus delay was studied. A case study application of this method is narrated; focusing on optimize the bus system of Guiyang city, South China. Different methods are used to find out the problem of system and the reason for delay. Moreover, optimization suggestion is proposed according to result. Compared with other methods, the two-factor method has the advantage of locating the reason of delay for each station. The time performance is not superior to other methods. By comparing the situation of adjacent station, the proportion of traffic congestion and overload passenger in bus delay was determined. The two-factor method is applicable for other transit system in different cities which has similar structure as Guiyang. However, for cities with other structure, a feasibility should be made to select an appropriate model.
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Lau, Chun-him. "Cross-border passenger traffic : easing congestion between Hong Kong and Shenzhen /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575461.

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Lau, Chun-him, and 劉振謙. "Cross-border passenger traffic: easing congestion between Hong Kong and Shenzhen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575461.

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余泰海 and Tai-ho Haiko Yu. "Cross-boundary passenger transport between Hong Kong and Shenzhen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894744.

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Lu, Dawei. "Route Level Bus Transit Passenger Origin-Destination Flow Estimation Using Apc Data: Numerical And Empirical Investigations." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228268640.

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Jepson, Dale. "Enhancing public transport operations on arterial roads." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36092/1/36092_Jepson_1998.pdf.

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Bus priority treatments such as busways, bus lanes and bus priority at traffic signals are all utilised in Australian metropolitan areas. These treatments are designed to reduce the travel time for buses and make this transportation mode more efficient and attractive. The common applications of such treatments for Australian conditions are assessed in this research to identify the travel time impacts of introducing bus priority. This will assist in the selection of bus priority measures on arterial roads for Australian conditions. The methodology applied here entails the identification of optimum conditions for using typical bus priority treatments. This research identifies the number of bus passengers necessary to justify various forms of bus priority treatments with varying traffic conditions. The traffic conditions modelled varied from low through to high degree of saturation for general purpose traffic on the road network. The resultant analyses demonstrated that as the degree of saturation increases, higher numbers of bus passengers are necessary to justify reducing the capacity by introducing bus priority. It is concluded however that an economic analysis using travel time costs should not be the only criteria used to identify the appropriate bus priority treatment. It is suggested that bus priority should be part of an overall traffic management approach in conjunction with cost disincentives to cars and appropriate marketing for public transport. The current trends in bus priority treatments are addressed by considering a case study for the Gold Coast Highway located on Queensland's Gold Coast. This work provides an evaluation of bus priority treatments and conditions for justification for such measures. The research summarises the impact of introducing bus lanes, transit lanes, bus priority at traffic signals and improved passenger information and ticketing systems for the Gold Coast Highway. The analysis indicates that journey time saving for buses of up to 20 percent may be achieved with these bus priority treatments.
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Heidaripak, Samrend. "PREDICTION OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING BASED ON PASSENGER COUNT AND TRAFFIC CONDITIONS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53408.

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Artificial intelligence has become a hot topic in the past couple of years because of its potential of solving problems. The most used subset of artificial intelligence today is machine learning, which is essentially the way a machine can learn to do tasks without getting any explicit instructions. A problem that has historically been solved by common knowledge and experience is the planning of bus transportation, which has been prone to mistakes. This thesis investigates how to extract the key features of a raw dataset and if a couple of machine learning algorithms can be applied to predict and plan the public bus transportation, while also considering the weather conditions. By using a pre-processing method to extract the features before creating and evaluating an k-nearest neighbors model as well as an artificial neural network model, predicting the passenger count on a given route could help planning of the bus transportation. The outcome of the thesis was that the feature extraction was successful, and both models could successfully predict the passenger count based on normal conditions. However, in extreme conditions such as the pandemic during 2020, the models could not be proven to successfully predict the passenger count nor being used to plan the bus transportation.
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Andriulaitis, Robert J. "Economic efficiency losses arising from subsidized intercity rail passenger movements in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26054.

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While all four of the main modes of intercity passenger transportation in Canada (air, automobile, bus, and rail) are currently subsidized, rail recovers from its users a considerably lesser portion of the total cost of service than any of the other three modes. This thesis estimates the effect this imbalance has on the passenger network in two ways: i) in physical terms -- the change in modal volumes given full-economic-cost pricing and the implications this has on network configuration; and ii) in financial terms -- the dollar cost of the economic efficiency losses suffered due to non-full-economic-cost pricing. The first element is estimated by calculating modal fares based on full cost recovery for 52 intercity routes between Winnipeg and Quebec City. The changes represent from the actual fares charged is translated into volume changes based on a set of demand elasticities developed for this thesis. The second element is estimated for these same 52 routes using the standard deadweight loss triangle methodology which measures the loss in aggregate social welfare that exists when non-optimal prices are being charged. This result is then extrapolated to a national level. The calculations show that given full-economic-cost pricing, air volumes would increase by 4.76%, automobile volumes by 0.32%, and bus volumes by 3.47%. Rail volumes would decline by 56.67%. While the changes are marginal for the non-rail modes and would not likely result in any changes to the network, rail would cease to be a viable mode on many routes. The economic efficiency distortion caused by the failure to charge fares based on full economic costs amounted to about $130 million in 1986. This cost, along with the subsidy itself, is what the social and political benefits of continued VIA Rail subsidization must be compared to, not simply the amount of the subsidy, as is currently done. This estimate of deadweight loss ignores positive tourism, energy, safety, and environmental externalities of rail, and thus overestimates somewhat the detrimental effect of VIA rail subsidies.
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Books on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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Rutherford, G. Scott. Multimodal evaluation of passenger transportation. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1994.

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Ripplinger, David. City of Brookings: Transportation gap analysis & recommendations. Fargo, N.D: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2007.

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Ripplinger, David. City of Brookings: Transportation gap analysis & recommendations. Fargo, N.D: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2007.

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Ripplinger, David. City of Brookings: Transportation gap analysis & recommendations. Fargo, N.D: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2007.

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Litman, Todd. Evaluating traffic calming benefits, costs and equity impacts. Victoria, BC: Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Intercity passenger rail: Amtrak's management of Northeast Corridor improvements demonstrates need for applying best practices : report to the chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.]: United States General Accounting Office, 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Airline service improvements: Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, April 11, 2007. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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Zheng, Liu, and Ma Jian, eds. Cheng shi gui dao jiao tong fu wu zhi liang yu man yi du ping jia: Chengshi guidao jiaotong fuwu zhiliang yu manyidu pingjia. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2011.

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Expanding passenger rail service: Field hearing before the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 22, 2009 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. Expanding passenger rail service: Field hearing before the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 22, 2009 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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Qi, Jingwen, Shuaian Wang, and Xiaobo Qu. "Emission Evaluation of Marine Traffic." In Smart Transportation Systems 2020, 201–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5270-0_18.

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Salter, R. J. "The evaluation of transportation proposals." In Highway Traffic Analysis and Design, 71–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13423-6_10.

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Salter, R. J. "The evaluation of transportation proposals." In Highway Traffic Analysis and Design, 70–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20014-6_10.

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Grevsmähl, Johannes. "The Long Term Development of Passenger Traffic Demand: The German Example." In Transportation for the Future, 225–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74866-0_14.

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Samal, Satya Ranjan, and Aditya Kumar Das. "Evaluation of Traffic Congestion Parameters Under Heterogeneous Traffic Condition: A Case Study on Bhubaneswar City." In Transportation Research, 675–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9042-6_53.

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Peters, Richard. "Traffic Studies and Performance Evaluation Using Simulation." In The Vertical Transportation Handbook, 543–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470949818.ch19.

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Cui, Jian, Haoyu Zhang, Jianyou Zhao, and Yunjiao Zhang. "Research on SVM-Based Highway Traffic Safety Evaluation Model." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems, 799–809. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0302-9_78.

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Kurauchi, Fumitaka, Nobuhiro Uno, Agachai Sumalee, and Yumiko Seto. "Network Evaluation Based on Connectivity Vulnerability." In Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009: Golden Jubilee, 637–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0820-9_31.

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Zhao, Jianyou, Zhongquan Fang, and Yang Zhao. "Study on Evaluation Index System of Urban Green Traffic Planning." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems, 751–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3551-7_60.

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Yoo, Suhyung, and Hwasoo Yeo. "Evaluation of Air Transportation Network Resilience Using Adaptive Capacity." In Traffic and Granular Flow '15, 547–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33482-0_69.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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Yusheng Ci, Xianzhang Ling, and Lina Wu. "Ecological adaptability evaluation for urban passenger traffic structure." In 6th Advanced Forum on Transportation of China (AFTC 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.1117.

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Pu, Tao, Tao Zhang, and Yang Yang. "Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Method to the Passenger Traffic Safety Evaluation." In The Twelfth COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412442.222.

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Lewen, Bao, Mao Chengyuan, Qian Jun, Yang Shengde, and Wang Qin. "Traffic Connection Simulation Evaluation of High Speed Railway Passenger Hub Based on VISSIM." In 2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icite50838.2020.9231359.

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Li, Lijun, and Jinjin Tang. "Research on on-line evaluation method of adaptability between passenger flow and train flow of urban railway transit." In 5th International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2021), edited by Yongkang Xing. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2620028.

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Zhu, Hai, and Xia Luo. "Evaluation of Comprehensive Traffic Hub of Railway Passenger Station Based on Entropy Weight and Set Pair Analysis." In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)154.

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Severson, Kristine, A. Benjamin Perlman, Michelle Muhlanger, and Richard Stringfellow. "Evaluation of Testing Methods to Develop Test Requirements for a Workstation Table Safety Standard." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42032.

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Investigations of passenger train accidents have revealed serious safety hazards associated with the thin, rigid tops of workstation tables, which are common fixtures aboard rail cars. Thoracic and abdominal injuries caused by occupant impact with workstation tables have been cited as the likely cause of two fatalities during a 2002 accident in Placentia, CA [1]. Additionally, workstation tables have been cited as the cause of injury in reports on accidents in Intercession City, FL [2], and Burbank, CA [3]. Currently there are no regulations or safety standards governing the crashworthiness of tables in passenger trains beyond attachment strength requirements. However, research sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and in collaboration with the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Passenger Rail Equipment Safety Standards (PRESS) Construction & Structural working group is underway to develop a mandatory industry safety standard for tables to ensure that they will be designed to provide a minimum level of safety during a train accident. FRA’s Equipment Safety Research Program has already developed and tested a prototype table design to demonstrate the improved occupant protection provided by an energy-absorbing table. The prototype table design was tested using a THOR [4] and an H3RS [5], which are advanced anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), onboard a 35 mph full-scale train-to-train impact test of rail cars modified to incorporate crash energy management (CEM) [6]. Test results demonstrated that the Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) measured by the instrumented ATDs were within human tolerance levels established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for automotive crashworthiness for the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and femur. Having demonstrated the effectiveness of an energy-absorbing table, the next step is developing a performance-based safety standard for tables that ensures a minimum level of crashworthiness. The safety standard would employ the use of an 8G dynamic sled test with instrumented ATDs to evaluate occupant injury and structural integrity of the table, similar to the seat test requirements in APTA-SS-C&S-016-99 [7], which is the industry safety standard for passenger seats in rail cars. Normally, advanced ATDs like the THOR would be required to measure abdominal and thoracic loads caused by the table impact during the sled test. However, use of these experimental ATDs for table qualification testing is not feasible due to their limited availability. Therefore, alternative test methods must be developed to evaluate the crashworthiness of workstation tables. This paper evaluates several potential methods to measure table crashworthiness, including quasi-static crush testing, pendulum impact testing, drop tower testing, and sled testing with standard Hybrid III 50th percentile ATDs. The pros and cons of these tests are also described. After evaluating the various testing methods, test conditions for two separate tests are proposed for an industry table standard. A companion paper [8] describes analysis results used to establish performance requirements proposed for evaluating table crashworthiness for the safety standard, in accordance with the test conditions proposed in this paper.
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Wang, Jiawei, and Lijun Sun. "Reducing Bus Bunching with Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/60.

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The bus system is a critical component of sustainable urban transportation. However, due to the significant uncertainties in passenger demand and traffic conditions, bus operation is unstable in nature and bus bunching has become a common phenomenon that undermines the reliability and efficiency of bus services. Despite recent advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) on traffic control, little research has focused on bus fleet control due to the tricky asynchronous characteristic---control actions only happen when a bus arrives at a bus stop and thus agents do not act simultaneously. In this study, we formulate route-level bus fleet control as an asynchronous multi-agent reinforcement learning (ASMR) problem and extend the classical actor-critic architecture to handle the asynchronous issue. Specifically, we design a novel critic network to effectively approximate the marginal contribution for other agents, in which graph attention neural network is used to conduct inductive learning for policy evaluation. The critic structure also helps the ego agent optimize its policy more efficiently. We evaluate the proposed framework on real-world bus services and actual passenger demand derived from smart card data. Our results show that the proposed model outperforms both traditional headway-based control methods and existing MARL methods.
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Lautala, Pasi, and Hamed Pouryousef. "Evaluating the Results and Features of Two Capacity Simulation Tools on the Shared-Use Corridors." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2441.

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The majority of passenger rail services in the United States (U.S.) operate on the shared-use corridors with freight rail. These types of operations tend to be challenging due to high heterogeneity, particularly in terms of reliability of service and capacity availability. The projected growth in demand for rail transportation is likely to exacerbate the situation. Similar to the U.S., the European passenger rail services are generally operated on shared-use corridors, but the infrastructure conditions and the operational priorities and patterns typically allow more reliable and higher speed passenger operations in comparison to the U.S. trains. Both continents use capacity and simulation software to analyze capacity allocations and operational limitations. However, the effects of the software selection haven’t been investigated. This research reviews two common simulation tools developed in the U.S. and Europe, Rail Traffic Controller (RTC) and Railsys, respectively. The paper reviews the structure and the main components of these two simulation tools. It will also present the outcomes of running RTC and Railsys through a given segment of shared-use track based on the same rolling stock, operation and signaling characteristics and analyze the similarities and differences between the outcomes of RTC and Railsys.
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Hirz, Mario, Alexander Kreis, Alexander Fragner, and Severin Stadler. "Combined approach of interior concept development for automated driving cars." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-127.

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"Automated driving provides large potentials in view of customer comfort, safe transportation and optimized traffic management. Whereas partially automated driving functions are understood as driver assistance technologies, fully automated functionalities are increasingly developed preparing the way towards self-driving cars. With rising level of automation, the degrees of freedom for driver and passengers increase, too, which enables the establishment of new vehicle interior concepts. In self-driving mode, cars do not require interaction of the driver - in this way, riding time can be used for working, relaxing, recreation or interacting with the other passengers. These new possibilities require a re-design or even completely new development of the traditional passenger cabin architectures. In this context, new interior concepts continuously are introduced by car manufacturer, supplier and styling- as well as engineering institutions, but they often lack in their feasibility for an implementation into real cars. Exemplary, people are sitting in cars on rotatable seats face to face, but there is not sufficient space for legs and feet. Other concepts show passengers lying on some kind of lounges and watching TV during the ride, but there are no safety measures applied for protection in case of accidents. Many of these new concepts have in common, that they do not consider sufficiently different boundary conditions regarding human ergonomics, comfort and vehicle interior safety. The submitted work introduces a combined approach of interior concept development under consideration of the enhanced possibilities provided by automated driving cars. The approach combines virtual investigations based on computational styling- and design models with ergonomic testing by use of an automated physical seating buck. The integrated approach enables consideration of different influencing parameters, e.g. vehicle packaging, seating position, ergonomics evaluation, passenger view- and safety-relevant aspects, even during early conception and layout phases of development. An integration of human models enables effective implementation of test results delivered by the physical system, which facilitates a smart connection between the working fields of project engineers, component designers, ergonomic specialists, safety and crash departments, designers and all of the other involved parties to support conceptual ergonomic layout processes of new passenger cabin concepts. Especially if complemented with modern visualization techniques, such as augmented- and virtual reality, the introduced fully parametric layout procedure has the potential to improve the precision of design decisions supporting successful conceptual interior development for future cars."
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Atanassov, Ivan, C. Tyler Dick, and Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Siding Spacing and the Incremental Capacity of the Transition From Single to Double Track." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3831.

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The North American freight railroad network is projected to experience rising transportation demand in the coming decades, leading to increased congestion along many rail corridors. Increased interest in expanded passenger service on shared rail corridors will also create additional capacity demand. However, the nation’s rail lines are still predominantly single track with passing sidings, making double track installation a vital capacity upgrade measure to sustain future volumes. Since increasing capacity through double track installation requires significant capital investment, the second main track must be allocated along a line in an optimal manner to provide maximum return on investment. An approach of investing in the least costly segments first may yield good results, but only if the benefits for each segment are equal. This research seeks to identify if the benefit of double track varies between bottleneck segments, and if there are compounding benefits of double track between adjacent passing sidings. Previous research has explored the allocation of double track on an idealized line with evenly spaced passing sidings. Due to numerous physical and engineering constraints, existing lines often exhibit a mixture of siding spacing with single-track bottleneck sections of varying length. To investigate the incremental capacity of adding double-track segments to a route with variable siding spacing, several build-out strategies are tested on a representative subdivision under random, mixed freight and passenger traffic via Rail Traffic Controller simulation software. The presented results highlight the most effective method, based on train delay, of incremental single to double track expansion and the potential differences in benefit between strategies. The linear delay reduction characteristics of single-to-double track mainlines vary based on the initial spatial arrangement of passing sidings and amount of second main track installed. These results further the understanding of relationships between infrastructure location and freight delay, thereby serving as a guideline for the sustainable expansion of existing rail corridors in anticipation of future demands. While railroads must consider many factors in selecting capital expansion projects, these guidelines can streamline the decision process by helping to quickly identify the projects with the most potential for more detailed engineering evaluation. The methodology presented can eventually be incorporated into analyzing the progressions from double to triple track lines.
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Reports on the topic "Transportation – Passenger traffic – Evaluation"

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George, Linda. Evaluation of Transportation Microenvironments Through Assessment of Cyclysts' Exposure to Traffic-Related Particulate Matter. Portland State University Library, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.5.

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Furman, Burford, Laxmi Ramasubramanian, Shannon McDonald, Ron Swenson, Jack Fogelquist, Yu Chiao, Alex Pape, and Mario Cruz. Solar-Powered Automated Transportation: Feasibility and Visualization. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1948.

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A solar-powered automated transportation network (ATN) connecting the North and South campuses of San José State University with three passenger stations was designed, visualized, and analyzed in terms of its energy usage, carbon offset, and cost. The study’s methodology included the use of tools and software such as ArcGIS, SketchUp, Infraworks, Sketchup, Rhinoceros, and Autodesk 3DS Max. ATN vehicle energy usage was estimated using data from the university’s Park & Ride shuttle bus operation and by modeling with SUMOPy, the advanced simulation suite for the micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The energy study showed that an extensive solar photovoltaic (PV) canopy over the guideway and stations is sufficient for the network to run 24/7 in better-than-zero net-metered conditions—even if ridership were to increase 15% above that predicted from SJSU Park & Ride shuttle data. The resulting energy system has a PV-rated output of 6.2 MW, a battery system capacity of 9.8 MWh, and an estimated cost of $11.4 million USD. The solar ATN also produces 98% lower CO2 and PM2.5 emissions compared to the Park & Ride shuttle bus. A team of experts including urban planners, architects, and engineers designed and visualized the conceptual prototype, including a comprehensive video explaining the need for solar ATN and what a typical rider would experience while utilizing the system. This research demonstrates both benefits and challenges for solar-powered ATN, as well as its functionality within the urban built environment to serve diverse San José neighborhoods.
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Zhang, Yongping, Wen Cheng, and Xudong Jia. Enhancement of Multimodal Traffic Safety in High-Quality Transit Areas. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1920.

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Numerous extant studies are dedicated to enhancing the safety of active transportation modes, but very few studies are devoted to safety analysis surrounding transit stations, which serve as an important modal interface for pedestrians and bicyclists. This study bridges the gap by developing joint models based on the multivariate conditionally autoregressive (MCAR) priors with a distance-oriented neighboring weight matrix. For this purpose, transit-station-centered data in Los Angeles County were used for model development. Feature selection relying on both random forest and correlation analyses was employed, which leads to different covariate inputs to each of the two jointed models, resulting in increased model flexibility. Utilizing an Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm and various evaluation criteria, the results demonstrate that models with a correlation effect between pedestrians and bicyclists perform much better than the models without such an effect. The joint models also aid in identifying significant covariates contributing to the safety of each of the two active transportation modes. The research results can furnish transportation professionals with additional insights to create safer access to transit and thus promote active transportation.
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Carruth, William D. Evaluation of In-Place Asphalt Recycling for Airfield Applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41142.

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Over the last few decades, in-place recycling of asphalt pavements has seen increased use by the highway industry, primarily to take a dvantage of potential cost and logistical savings compared to conventional reconstruction. More recently, the U.S. Navy and Federal Aviation Administration have allowed recycling to be used on airfields with lighter traffic. This report contains a discussion of in-place recycling design considerations obtained from a literature review of its use in the highway industry. Observations developed from a review of airfield pavement projects that have utilized recycling is also included. A structural analysis was performed using the Pavement-Transportation Computer Assisted Structural Engineering (PCASE) tool to determine typical stiffness values that recycled layers must achieve to support various types of military aircraft traffic for different pavement structures. Overall, in-place recycling is recommended for consideration as a rehabilitati on technique for military airfield pavements, and further investigation is recommended before it is implemented it into design guidance.
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Hunter, Margaret, Jijo K. Mathew, Ed Cox, Matthew Blackwell, and Darcy M. Bullock. Estimation of Connected Vehicle Penetration Rate on Indiana Roadways. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317343.

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Over 400 billion passenger vehicle trajectory waypoints are collected each month in the United States. This data creates many new opportunities for agencies to assess operational characteristics of roadways for more agile management of resources. This study compared traffic counts obtained from 24 Indiana Department of Transportation traffic counts stations with counts derived by the vehicle trajectories during the same periods. These stations were geographically distributed throughout Indiana with 13 locations on interstates and 11 locations on state or US roads. A Wednesday and a Saturday in January, August, and September 2020 are analyzed. The results show that the analyzed interstates had an average penetration of 4.3% with a standard deviation of 1.0. The non-interstate roads had an average penetration of 5.0% with a standard deviation of 1.36. These penetration levels suggest that connected vehicle data can provide a valuable data source for developing scalable roadway performance measures. Since all agencies currently have a highway monitoring system using fixed infrastructure, this paper concludes by recommending agencies integrate a connected vehicle penetration monitoring program into their traditional highway count station program to monitor the growing penetration of connected cars and trucks.
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Bäumler, Maximilian, Madlen Ringhand, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, Felix Elrod, and Günther Prokop. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part B). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.243.

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This document is intended to give an overview of the validation of the human subject study, conducted in the driving simulator of the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), as well of the validation of the stochastic traffic simulation developed in the AutoDrive project by the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD. Furthermore, the evaluation process of a C-AEB (Cooperative-Automatic Emergency Brake) system is demonstrated. The main purpose was to compare the driving behaviour of the study participants and the driving behaviour of the agents in the traffic simulation with real world data. Based on relevant literature, a validation concept was designed and real world data was collected using drones and stationary cameras. By means of qualitative and quantitative analysis it could be shown, that the driving simulator study shows realistic driving behaviour in terms of mean speed. Moreover, the stochastic traffic simulation already reflects reality in terms of mean and maximum speed of the agents. Finally, the performed evaluation proofed the suitability of the developed stochastic simulation for the assessment process. Furthermore, it could be shown, that a C-AEB system improves the traffic safety for the chosen test-scenarios.
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.

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Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
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Emergency evacuation/transportation plan update: Traffic model development and evaluation of early closure procedures. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654087.

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