Journal articles on the topic 'Transportation, Automotive Dispatching Mathematical models'
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1
Díaz-Parra, Ocotlán, Jorge A. Ruiz-Vanoye, Beatriz Bernábe Loranca, Alejandro Fuentes-Penna, and Ricardo A. Barrera-Cámara. "A Survey of Transportation Problems." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/848129.
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This paper aims at being a guide to understand the different types of transportation problems by presenting a survey of mathematical models and algorithms used to solve different types of transportation modes (ship, plane, train, bus, truck, Motorcycle, Cars, and others) by air, water, space, cables, tubes, and road. Some problems are as follows: bus scheduling problem, delivery problem, combining truck trip problem, open vehicle routing problem, helicopter routing problem, truck loading problem, truck dispatching problem, truck routing problem, truck transportation problem, vehicle routing problem and variants, convoy routing problem, railroad blocking problem (RBP), inventory routing problem (IRP), air traffic flow management problem (TFMP), cash transportation vehicle routing problem, and so forth.
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Kyrychenko, Hanna, Yurii Statyvka, Oleh Strelko, Yulia Berdnychenko, and KHalyna Nesterenko. "Assessment of Cargo Delivery Quality Using Fuzzy Set Apparatus." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19800.
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The influence of the existing operation conditions for the time of cargo transportation, i.e. ferrous metals to the port station, was investigated. It was proposed to carry out the management of cargo delivery on the basis of determining the values of cargo handling duration while implementing the stages of the schedule. It was proposed to carry out assessment of the delivery process, including transportation using the fuzzy set apparatus. To determine the quality of transportation, an ordered categorized scale of values of the duration of cargo's staying in certain conditions at delivery stages was proposed. The assessment of deviations at all the stages of transportation with the use of linguistic definitions of conditions allows quantifying such an indicator as the transportation quality. The characteristics of deviations during transportation are provided in the linguistic form to the dispatching unit for making a decision. The revealed regularities in deviations from the standard schedules of trains during delivery of cargos are an objective basis for taking into account them in the mathematical models of the forecast of time of cargo delivery at each of the defined stages of transportation. The data on the forecasted and actual transportations are accumulated in the existing information base, forming data files for assessing the quality of the transportation process, the adequacy of the mathematical model and correcting of the model in case of significant organizational or technical changes.
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Cao, Junfang. "Mathematical Model and Algorithm of Multi-Index Transportation Problem in the Background of Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3664105.
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The development of artificial intelligence has brought rapid changes to human life and brought great convenience to human activities. The development of various modes of transportation has also brought convenience to people’s travel and commodity transactions, but it has also added more issues that need to be carefully considered. Because of the diversification of transportation methods, transportation problems also arise many fields, such as air transportation, water transportation, and land transportation. The development of mathematical models and algorithms for transportation problems is also in full swing, and it is a major trend to introduce mathematical models and algorithms into the solution of transportation problems. This paper deals with the multi-index transportation problem by establishing a multi-index mathematical model and algorithm to find a scientific transportation method for the goods to be transported, so as to save the cost and time of transportation. Experiments show that the mathematical model established in this paper has high efficiency for solving the multi-index transportation problem. At the same time, the most suitable transportation method can also be selected for the transportation of goods, and the route planned by the mathematical model and algorithm can reduce the risk to 12.34%.
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Cao, Junfang. "Mathematical Model and Algorithm of Multi-Index Transportation Problem in the Background of Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3664105.
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The development of artificial intelligence has brought rapid changes to human life and brought great convenience to human activities. The development of various modes of transportation has also brought convenience to people’s travel and commodity transactions, but it has also added more issues that need to be carefully considered. Because of the diversification of transportation methods, transportation problems also arise many fields, such as air transportation, water transportation, and land transportation. The development of mathematical models and algorithms for transportation problems is also in full swing, and it is a major trend to introduce mathematical models and algorithms into the solution of transportation problems. This paper deals with the multi-index transportation problem by establishing a multi-index mathematical model and algorithm to find a scientific transportation method for the goods to be transported, so as to save the cost and time of transportation. Experiments show that the mathematical model established in this paper has high efficiency for solving the multi-index transportation problem. At the same time, the most suitable transportation method can also be selected for the transportation of goods, and the route planned by the mathematical model and algorithm can reduce the risk to 12.34%.
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Mazūra, Mindaugas. "PREDICTION OF MAJOR TRENDS OF TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT." TRANSPORT 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2002): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483480.2002.10414012.
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The importance of forecasting the economic characteristics of transportation (i.e. the amount of freight and passengers carried, the turnover rate of freight and passengers, etc. in transportation as a whole and in particular areas using various transport facilities) is demonstrated. Methods for predicting the development of transportation based on multidimensional regression and correlation analysis and realizing mathematical models for finding linear and non-linear multidimensional regression equations as well as a mathematical model for choosing linear and non-linear regression equations, more accurately approximating the empirical data, are presented. The techniques aimed to obtain and apply the linear correlation coefficient and correlative relationship in determining the forecast accuracy is also given. The efficiency of methods, determining the linear correlation coefficient and correlative relationship, used in achieving higher accuracy of forecasts is shown.
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Mazūra, Mindaugas, and Olga Fadina. "THE RELIABILITY OF FORECASTS IN TRANSPORTATION." TRANSPORT 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2002): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2002.10414046.
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Major problems of forecasting the economic characteristics of transportation (i.e. the amount of freight and passengers carried, the turnover rate of freight and passengers, etc. in transportation as a whole and in particular areas using various transport facilities) are demonstrated. Methods for predicting the development of transportation based on multidimensional regression and correlation analysis and realizing mathematical models for choosing linear and nonlinear regression equations, more accurately approximating the empirical data, are presented. The research conducted has demonstrated that the most reliable forecasts may be made when the methods of choosing the proper non-linear regression equation described in Section 2 of the present paper are used.
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Afanasieva, Ivetta, and Andrii Galkin. "Assessing the information flows and established their effects on the results of driver’s activity." Archives of Transport 45, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0938.
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The modern person in an era of information breakthrough faces the problem of choosing and processing information coming to her. Human activities in the systems "driver – vehicle - road - environment" - not an exception. The role and importance of information in all spheres of human activity have increased significantly. The paper aims to find and assess the patterns of information flow impact on the driver performance in the "driver - vehicle - road - environment" system. Electrophysiological methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), are used to study the influence of input information on the work of the brain and driver's heart in laboratory and on-site conditions. Using mathematical modelling methods and methods, mathematical models of EEG and ECG parameters influence on the time of distraction from execution by the driver of the main activity were obtained. The practical significance of obtained results is the possibility to use them in coordinating the location of advertising structures and organizing the work of drivers while driving a vehicle.
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Wang, Ning, and Jiahui Guo. "Modeling and Optimization of Multiaction Dynamic Dispatching Problem for Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1368286.
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The fusion of electricity, automation, and sharing is forming a new Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) system in current urban transportation, in which the Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs) are a fleet to execute delivery, parking, recharging, and repositioning tasks automatically. To model the decision-making process of AMoD system and optimize multiaction dynamic dispatching of SAEVs over a long horizon, the dispatching problem of SAEVs is modeled according to Markov Decision Process (MDP) at first. Then two optimization models from short-sighted view and farsighted view based on combinatorial optimization theory are built, respectively. The former focuses on the instant and single-step reward, while the latter aims at the accumulative and multistep return. After that, the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm is set as the baseline method to solve the first model to achieve optimal multiaction allocation instructions for SAEVs, and the combination of deep Q-learning algorithm and Kuhn–Munkres algorithm is designed to solve the second model to realize the global optimization. Finally, a toy example, a macrosimulation of 1 month, and a microsimulation of 6 hours based on actual historical operation data are conducted. Results show that (1) the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm ensures the computational effectiveness in the large-scale real-time application of the AMoD system; (2) the second optimization model considering long-term return can decrease average user waiting time and achieve a 2.78% increase in total revenue compared with the first model; (3) and integrating combinatorial optimization theory with reinforcement learning theory is a perfect package for solving the multiaction dynamic dispatching problem of SAEVs.
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Kaminskas, Saulius. "STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE ROLLING STOCK IN TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL." TRANSPORT 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2002): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2002.10414049.
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Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor of achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these it transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time — dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc. Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and other operational characteristics.
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Mrówczyńska, Bogna, Karolina Łachacz, Tomasz Haniszewski, and Aleksander Sładkowski. "A COMPARISON OF FORECASTING THE RESULTS OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION NEEDS." TRANSPORT 27, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.666763.
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Determining the size and quality of transport needs would not be possible without adequate forecasting based on the sales volume or demand for this service from the past periods. Traditional forecasting methods use econometric models that may be subject to serious errors. The use of the methods taking into account the variability of the studied phenomena or more advanced mathematical methods enables to minimize the error. Various methods of artificial intelligence such as a neural network, fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, etc., have been recently successfully applied. The aim of this paper is to compare three forecasting methods that can be used for predicting the volume of road freight. The article deals with the effectiveness of three prediction methods, namely Winter's method for seasonal problems – a multiplicative version, harmonic analysis and harmonic analysis aided by the artificial immune system. The effectiveness of prediction was counted using MAPE errors (main average percentage error). The results of calculations were compared and the best example was presented.
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IVANOV, Rosen, and Donka IVANOVA. "COMPARISON OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND NEURAL NETWORK APPROACHES FOR THE PROGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL IDLE RUNNING LOSSES IN AGRICULTURE TRACTOR TRANSMISSION." Transport Problems 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.05.
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An experimental investigation of mechanical idle running losses in an agriculture tractor transmission was used to collect a wide range of data. The influence of the engine rotation speed, the number of switched-on gears, and the oil level in the transmission gearbox on the idle running losses was determined. Adequate regression models in cases of switched-on and switched-off PTO were received. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize mathematical models obtained using regression analysis. A feed-forward artificial neural network was also developed to estimate the same experimental data for mechanical idle running losses in transmission. A back-propagation algorithm was used when training and testing the network. A comparison of the correlation coefficient, reduced chi-square, mean bias error, and root mean square error between the experimental data and fit values of the obtained models was made. It was concluded that the neural network represented the mechanical idle running losses in tractor transmission more accurately than other models.
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Mijailović, Radomir. "MODELLING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE TRUCK-CRANE." TRANSPORT 26, no. 4 (January 9, 2012): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.642946.
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The paper deals with the problem of a dynamic analysis of truck-cranes. Therefore, the article has developed a mechanical-mathematical model having 18 generalized coordinates. Depending on the type of truck crane operation as well as on the fact whether the aim of the article is to conduct the dynamic analysis of the whole truck crane or only that of one of its components, simpler mechanical models are also offered. The presented model is more realistic than those describing the dynamic behaviour of the truck-crane performing all necessary functions, i.e. a mobile means of lifting, transportation and reloading.
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Sun, Binbin, Tiezhu Zhang, Wenqing Ge, Cao Tan, and Song Gao. "Driving energy management of front-and-rear-motor-drive electric vehicle based on hybrid radial basis function." Archives of Transport 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2775.
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This paper presents mathematical methods to develop a high-efficiency and real-time driving energy management for a front-and-rear-motor-drive electric vehicle (FRMDEV), which is equipped with an induction motor (IM) and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First of all, in order to develop motor-loss models for energy optimization, database of with three factors, which are speed, torque and temperature, was created to characterize motor operation based on HALTON sequence method. The response surface model of motor loss, as the function of the motor-operation database, was developed with the use of Gauss radial basis function (RBF). The accuracy of the motor-loss model was verified according to statistical analysis. Then, in order to create a two-factor energy management strategy, the modification models of the torque required by driver (Td) and the torque distribution coefficient (β) were constructed based on the state of charge (SOC) of battery and the motor temperature, respectively. According to the motor-loss models, the fitness function for optimization was designed, where the influence of the non-work on system consumption was analyzed and calculated. The optimal β was confirmed with the use of the off-line particle swarm optimization (PSO). Moreover, to achieve both high accuracy and real-time performance under random vehicle operation, the predictive model of the optimal β was developed based on the hybrid RBF. The modeling and predictive accuracies of the predictive model were analyzed and verified. Finally, a hardware-in-loop (HIL) test platform was developed and the predictive model was tested. Test results show that, the developed predictive model of β based on hybrid RBF can achieve both real-time and economic performances, which is applicable to engineering application. More importantly, in comparison with the original torque distribution based on rule algorithm, the torque distribution based on hybrid RBF is able to reduce driving energy consumption by 9.51% under urban cycle.
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Arango, Ivan, Carlos Lopez, and Alejandro Ceren. "Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020059.
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Around the world, the e-bike has evolved from a recreational and sports object to an increasingly used means of transportation. Due to this, improving aspects such as range and energy efficiency has become very relevant. This article presents experimental models for the components’ efficiency of a mid-drive motor e-bike (charger; battery; and controller, motor, and reduction gears subsystem), and integrates them with previously elaborated models for the chain transmission system, thus generating an overall efficiency map of the e-bike. The range of the electric bicycle is analyzed by integrating the efficiency map of the system and its performance mathematical model, aiming to determine the per unit of distance battery energy consumption. The above-mentioned calculations are applied to develop a management strategy that can determine the optimal assistance level and chain transmission ratio, maximizing range and leaving speed unaffected. The driving strategy was compared against other driving techniques using computational analysis, this allowed for the observation of the proposed strategy improving the system’s range by reducing the battery energy consumption.
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Szczepański, Emilian, Roland Jachimowski, Mariusz Izdebski, and Ilona Jacyna-Gołda. "Warehouse location problem in supply chain designing: a simulation analysis." Archives of Transport 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5752.
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The facility location problem is a popular issue in the literature. The current development of world economies and globalization of the market requires continuous improvement of methods and research in this field. The location of the object determines the time of transport, affects the operational costs of the supply chain, and determines the possible amount of inventory or minimum inventory levels. These are critical issues from the point of view of designing an effective logistics system. The degree of complexity of current decision-making problems requires the construction of mathematical models and support for the decision-maker by optimization and simulation methods. A comprehensive and systemic approach to the problem allows the effective planning of supply chains. The purpose of this article was to study the sensitivity of the warehouse location problem in the supply chain. The solution was obtained based on the methodology developed under the SIMMAG3D project. The article presents the characteristics of the issue of the location of warehouse objects, the mathematical formulation of the solved problem of location and the method of its solution based on the heuristic algorithm using the modification of the Busacker-Gowen method. Then, a supply chain simulation model was developed in the FLEXSIM environment and scenario studies were performed for various input data and model parameters. The analysis and assessment of the solution based on parameters such as utilization of the potential of warehouse objects object were presented. Random change in demand described by Erlang distribution and normal distribution was considered. The analysis showed how the selection of a statistical distribution to describe the input data can affect the shape of the logistics system. The article ends with a summary of considerations and a plan for further research in the use of the simulation environment to support the decision-making process of the location of storage facilities and the functioning of supply chains.
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Jonaitis, Jonas. "PLANNING OF THE AMOUNT OF TRAINS NEEDED FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL." TRANSPORT 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638104.
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The article analyses the importance of planning process of rail transportation. Railway planning problems are presented in this paper. Planning the railways for years, months, weeks or days ahead leads to substantially different problems; in this regard railway planning problems can be strategic, tactical, operational and short‐term. Another way to classify railway planning problems is based on their target: they concern the timetable, the rolling stock and the crew. Planning the structure and volume of the rolling stock is a key factor in achieving maximum efficiency of transportation by rail as well as forecasting the demand for these transport facilities. The demand for trains is a time‐dependant variable which in each case should be determined by two main approaches. The first method allows us to determine quantitative parameters of rolling stock (i.e. kilometers logged, efficiency, turnover, etc.). The second is based on specially developed mathematical models relying on qualitative characteristics such as relative expenses, efficiency of the particular train, relative expenditure of resources, cost of the trains, etc. Planning the volume of the rolling stock the determination of optimal service life of the trains plays an important role. The calculations involve repair costs, number of overhauls, current expenses and operational characteristics.
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Karimi, Hadi, Seyed-Nader Shetab-Boushehri, and Ali Zeinal Hamadani. "OPTIMAL SENSOR LOCATION AND ORIGIN–DESTINATION MATRIX OBSERVATION WITH AND WITHOUT SENSORS ON UNCONGESTED NETWORKS." Transport 35, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11247.
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The Origin–Destination (O–D) matrix, is an important information in transportation planning and traffic control. Rapid changes in land use, particularly in developing countries, have been and are on an increase, which makes the estimation and observation of this matrix more significant. The objective of this paper is to observe O–D matrix under two scenarios. In the first scenario, it is assumed that the traffic network is equipped with path-ID sensors. In this situation, the goal is to determine the optimal number and location of these sensors in the network, where by applying collected information through these sensors, the O–D matrix is observed. Because path-ID sensors are not available in many cities, in the second scenario the interview alternative is proposed in order to observe O–D matrix. The interview method has encountered some restrictions. Several mathematical programming models have been developed to overcome these restrictions. To illustrate these proposed methodologies, they are applied in the Nguyen–Dupuis transportation network and the results are analysed. By applying the model on the intercity road network in the Province of Isfahan (Iran), a large network, the efficiency of these proposed models is demonstrated. Finally, some conclusions and final recommendations are included.
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Goncharenko, Andriy Viktorovich. "Airworthiness Support Measures Analogy to the Prospective Roundabouts Alternatives: Theoretical Aspects." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (November 6, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9370597.
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The goal of this paper is to investigate theoretically the possible directions of some specified methods for the alternative roundabouts effectiveness modeling and optimization. The out-coming criteria have an economical interpretation. Those are the objective functionals of the alternative roundabouts effectiveness as the profit gained in the course of the traffic flow changes in the view of the integral form. This is modeled taking into consideration the transport infrastructure functioning elements such as the traffic flow of a capacity model. It takes into account two major components of the transportation services which are the alternative roundabouts business’ incomes and expenses relating to the roundabouts transportation worthiness support. The prototypic approach is that one from the aircraft airworthiness support measures models. Corresponding managerial influences with respect to environmental, safety, utility, and other issues, as well as probable impacts, are modeled with the construction of the relevant under-integral expressions, equations, and appropriate coefficients and parameters of the mathematical models. The achieved theoretical results, on the basis of the Euler-Lagrange equation and accepted assumptions, have been checked for the sufficiency of the objective functional maximum presence at the “point” with the use of the conducted computer simulation. The necessary diagrams are plotted in order to illustrate the theoretical contemplations and speculations, as well as to check the correctness of the applied mathematical derivations and visualize the models’ preciseness and abilities. The theoretically constructed mathematical models have a significance of the prognostic values applicability required at the alternative roundabouts effectiveness modeling and optimization ensuring their design progress and evolutions.
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Jacyna, Marianna, Mariusz Wasiak, and Andrzej Bobiński. "SIMMAG3D as a tool for designing of storage facilities in 3D." Archives of Transport 42, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0525.
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Designing of storage facilities is an interdisciplinary process that requires consideration of technical, economic, social or environmental issues. Storage facilities, as a part of supply chain are designed to provide customers availability of goods at a certain time, quantity and place. This involves the functions resulting therefrom, such as storage, sorting, picking, packing, etc. The efficiency of processes in the supply chains is strongly influenced by the location and shape of the storage facilities that are critical components. These issues are multi-threaded, and they are subject of an iterative approach in which information tools are playing a special role. One of such tool is the SIMMAG3D system. It is a system for modelling and visualization in 3D of warehouse facilities, which was built based on developed mathematical models, computational algorithms and functional dependencies necessary for the designing of storage facilities. It also takes into account the different types of warehouses and design methodologies as well as the location of warehouses in the logistic network. The article presents the elements of the SIMMAG3D system and characterizes its functional capabilities. It has been pointed out that one of the key elements of the system is the module for 3D visualization of storage facilities. It has been described in detail. In addition, an example of the visualizer operation on real data concerning one of the FMCG storage facility is provided.
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Mądziel, Maksymilian, and Tiziana Campisi. "Assessment of vehicle emissions at roundabouts: a comparative study of PEMS data and microscale emission model." Archives of Transport 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9926.
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Energy efficiency has a central role to play in achieving decarbonisation targets in the transport system by changing the demand for mobility (eg. by influencing on peoples behaviors) and improving the performance of the fleet. In recent years there has been an increase of use of private transport, partly due to the recent pandemic and the reduced choice of public transport. People's travel habits have changed in frequency and motivation due to the reduced number of seats on public transport, due to social distancing but also due to online education and teleworking. This increase of use private cars has led to an increase in environmental emissions as a result of the high proportion of vehicles with combustion engines in urban areas. The highest concentrations have been recorded at road intersections and in par-ticular at roundabout configurations where there is a higher number of stop-and-go's overall. The increasing im-portance of air pollution from vehicle traffic has suggested that environmental considerations should be added to these aspects as a criterion for intersection design. Several studies in the literature analyze the environmental emissions generated by vehicle traffic using different methods such as on-site recording, mathematical modeling of dispersion phenomena, micro-simulation of vehicle traffic, use of appropriately equipped vehicles with sensors. This paper pre-sents a comparison between the results obtained from the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and the results obtained from the VERSIT+ emission model. Specifically, using a Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) installed on a series of test cars, instantaneous CO2 and NOX emissions were measured on repeated trips along two-lane roundabout intersections. The study was carried out by examining a selected two-lane roundabout in the city of Rzeszow (Poland) using 9 different vehicles fueled by petrol, diesel, and LPG. The results show that the investigated VERSIT+ emission model used led to an inaccuracies in the calculation of CO2 and NOx emissions. Furthermore, cur-rent micro-scale emission models may not estimate emissions of harmful exhaust components with sufficient accuracy due to the specificities of roundabout driving. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of new emission models, adapted to the driving behavior of drivers appropriate for different infrastructure objects such as roundabouts.
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Hess, Mirano, and Svjetlana Hess. "ASSIGNMENT OF STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR THE DOMAIN OF PORT TERMINAL OPERATIONS / STOCHASTINIŲ MODELIŲ TAIKYMAS, ATLIEKANT OPERACIJAS UOSTO TERMINALE / ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СТОХАСТИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ОПЕРАЦИЙ В ПОРТОВОМ ТЕРМИНАЛЕ." TRANSPORT 26, no. 2 (July 7, 2011): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.586017.
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The paper presents the optimization possibilities of port terminal operations in order to generate maximum gain. Planning these processes is a demanding daily task taken on before dealing with port management, since transhipment operations, cargo loading and dispatching, maintenance and control of transhipment and transportation means are subject to hardly predictable and unexpectable stochastic conditions under which planning optimal terminal operations will include the examination of stochastic processes on the terminal. A model of states and transitions with gain and a model of optimal strategies in terminal management are set up. Furthermore, a model for determining the structure of transhipment equipment is developed. The devised models were adapted to the specificities of a port terminal and tested using the sample of a general cargo terminal. Santrauka Straipsnis nagrinėja uosto terminalo operacijų optimizavimo galimybes, siekiant didžiausio pelno. Šių procesų planavimas – kasdienis daug pastangų ir laiko reikalaujantis uždavinys, kurį reikia išspręsti prieš pradedant uosto valdymo operacijas, nes perkrovimo darbai, krovinių pakrovimas ir išsiuntimas, perkrovimo ir transportavimo priemonių eksploatavimo išlaidos bei kontrolė vyksta sunkiai prognozuojamomis ir nenumatytomis atsitiktinėmis sąlygomis, kai optimalių terminalo operacijų planavimas terminale apima dar tik įvyksiančius procesus. Darbe pristatomi struktūrinis ir optimalios terminalo valdymo strategijos modeliai. Be to, straipsnyje plėtojamas modelis, padedantis nustatyti perkrovimo įrenginių struktūrą. Pristatyti modeliai buvo pritaikyti uosto terminalo specifinėms reikmėms ir išmėginti naudojant bendrąjį krovinių terminalo pavyzdį. Резюме Исследуются возможности оптимизации операций в портовом терминале с целью получения максимальной прибыли. Планирование таких процессов – обыденная задача, требующая множества усилий и затрат времени. Эта задача должна быть решена перед определением операций по управлению портом, так как разгрузочно-погрузочные работы, погрузка и отправление грузов, эксплуатационные расходы и контроль перегружающего и транспортирующего оборудования ведутся в трудно прогнозируемых и зачастую непредвиденных случайных условиях. Представлены структурная модель и модель оптимальной стратегии по управлению терминалом. Кроме того, представлена модель, позволяющая определить структуру перегружающего оборудования терминала. Представленные модели были приспособлены для специфических условий портового терминала и реализованы на примере в обобщенном грузовом терминале.
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Chudzikiewicz, Andrzej, Juraj Gerlici, Magdalena Sowińska, Anna Stelmach, and Wojciech Wawrzyński. "Modeling and simulation of a control system of wheels of wheelset." Archives of Transport 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4234.
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Modern light rail vehicles, such as a tram or rail bus, due to the need to provide mobility for the elderly or disabled people and the requirements of operators operating passenger rail transport or transport in urban areas must have a 100% low floor. Structurally, this is associated with the use of wheelset with independently rotating wheels (IRW) in such vehicles. It is also possible to use a bogie structure without the use of a wheelset axle by mounting the wheels directly in the side parts of the bogie frame. This construction is more complex and will not be discussed in this article. Bearing in mind the dynamic behavior of such vehicles during operation (lateral stability, profile wear) in various driving conditions (curve traffic, crossovers) and taking into account operating costs, it becomes necessary to install wheel rotation control systems to maintain center movement mass of the wheelset around the centerline of the track. The subject of the article will be considerations on modeling and simulation of rail vehicle bogie motion with IRW sets including the wheel control system. Nominal and mathematical models of the analyzed vehicle will be presented, as well as a controlled strategy based on the comparison of the angular velocities of the wheels of the wheelset A review of works on solutions of such systems will be presented, and a control concept will be proposed. The summary contains conclusions regarding the possibility of practical use of the proposed method of steering wheels of a wheelset in the c ase of independently rotating wheels.
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V., Ansu, and Anjaneyulu M.V.L.R. "The optimum strategy for mode choice modelling of interregional fish transport considering shippers' heterogeneity." Archives of Transport 64, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1046.
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The determinants of mode choice of interregional transport of fish, which is highly perishable, vastly differ from that of other commodities. These determinants are to be identified to improve transport efficiency. A questionnaire survey of shippers is used to collect the data. Highly correlated observed variables are combined to form four latent factors by factor analysis to reduce the errors in modelling. Logical relations among the component variables of latent factors are perceived, and mathematical formulations are used to estimate new variables. It is found that transportation costs and shipment weight contributes to factor 1, while distance contributes to factor 2. However, transportation costs are associated with distance and shipment weight. Thus, the variable, transportation cost per q-km, is estimated. Survey respondents' attitudes are also incorporated into modelling by including qualitative factors obtained by the factor analysis of shippers' preference ratings. A latent class analysis confirmed the existence of heterogeneity among ship-pers. Misrepresentations of effects occur in modelling if the heterogeneity in the data is not considered. No studies have found the best combination of observed variables, latent factors, estimated variables, and qualitative factors, consider-ing shippers' heterogeneity in freight mode choice. Hence, this study is done to find the optimum modelling strategy. Modelling revealed that models built with estimated variables outperformed those built with latent factors. Including qualitative factors along with observed variables and estimated variables showed further improvement. However, the model that includes observed variables, estimated variables, and qualitative factors considering shippers' heterogenei-ty is the best. It was found that the mode selection behaviour of different latent classes of shippers is distinct. A mode shift from road to rail could be achieved by lowering transportation costs and increasing speed, reliability, and safety for fish transport. Expanding roll on–roll off facilities, dedicated freight corridors, parcel trains, refrigerated contain-ers, and piecemeal service by rail promote a mode shift from road to rail and reduce energy usage.
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Zheng, Yu. "Estimation of Disease Transmission in Multimodal Transportation Networks." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8898923.
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Mathematical models are important methods in estimating epidemiological patterns of diseases and predicting the consequences of the spread of diseases. Investigation of risk factors of transportation modes and control of transportation exposures will help prevent disease transmission in the transportation system and protect people’s health. In this paper, a multimodal traffic distribution model is established to estimate the spreading of virus. The analysis is based on the empirical evidence learned from the real transportation network which connects Wuhan with other cities. We consider five mainstream travel modes, namely, auto mode, high-speed railway mode, common railway mode, coach mode, and flight mode. Logit model of economics is used to predict the distribution of trips and the corresponding diseases. The effectiveness of the model is verified with big data of the distribution of COVID-19 virus. We also conduct model-based tests to analyze the role of lockdown on different travel modes. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is implemented, the results of which assist in policy-making for containing infection transmission through traffic.
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Merkisz-Guranowska, Agnieszka. "A comparative study on end-of-life vehicles network design." Archives of Transport 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2971.
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This paper investigates the current research in the field of the end-of-life vehicles (ELV) recycling network. The optimisation of the location of a network facilities in forward logistics in the automotive industry has received a lot of attention for many years but the reverse logistics for ELVs has been a subject of investigations since the beginning of 21st century. ELV recycling network design gained in popularity after the European Union and other countries like Japan, South Korea and recently China introduced legal obligations to organize a collecting or recycling network for used vehicles. When regulations are introduced, there is a need for a systemic solution to the problem, especially since the obligation to create a collection network is often accompanied by requirements related to its accessibility for vehicle owners or efficiency of operation. With the growing scope of legal regulations, companies or organisations responsible for the network are forced to redesign the existing recycling infrastructure in a given area so that it meets specific requirements. Initially, the most important criterion was network availability. Currently, the same importance is attached to economic, environmental and social aspects in order to meet the sustainability criteria. In this paper, forty one peer-reviewed published studies focused on network design were classified. Its main purpose is to provide an extensive review of state-of-the-art research published in the period 2000-2019. The scope of the review is limited to network design problems including facility location and flow allocation problems. Only papers that present mathematical models are considered. Studies on the ELV network design are classified based on: type of supply chain, type of network, optimisation problem, type of facilities, modelling technique, single/multi objectivity, objective function, period of time, solution approach and scope of implementation. The final part of the paper includes discussion of the methodology of the reviewed studies and some recommendations for future research area.
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Kuznetsov, Valeriy, Borys Lyubarskyi, Ewa Kardas-Cinal, Bagish Yeritsyan, Ievgen Riabov, and Ivan Rubanik. "Recommendations for the selection of parameters for shunting locomotives." Archives of Transport 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5650.
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Shunting is an integral part of the partial process. In 1520 mm gauge countries, shunting operations are performed by outdated locomotives, which are being replaced by modern models; the technical parameters best match the conditions of the shunting work performed. The article analyzes recommendations for the selection of parameters of shunting locomotives and the actual indicators of their work. On the basis of this analysis, a requirement was made on the necessity of compulsory consideration of the operating conditions of the locomotive when determining its technical characteristics. As the main technical parameters of shunting locomotives, the tractive power and starting tractive force are taken and their influence on the duration of an elementary shunting movement of the "acceleration-deceleration" type is investigated. This approach advises the regulatory documentation for the organization of shunting work. Tha developed mathematical model allows to carry out research on the influence of tractive power and starting tractive force on the time of acceleration and deceleration. Calculations of the time of the train's acceleration are carried out with varying their mass and the slope of the track at different values of the tractive power starting tractive force. The calculations were carried out for the mass of compositions 1000...5000 Mg for the profile slopes equal to 0 and 1.5 ‰. The speed of the finish of acceleration was taken equal to 15 and 25 km/h. The thrust starting tractive force varied in the range of 150...300 kN, the tractive power - 200 ... 1100 kW. According to the results of calculations, it was found that the reduction in the duration of the elementary shunting movement is more significantly affected by the power of the locomotive than by the starting traction force. The “saturation” effect was noted, in which a significant increase in power or traction force during starting does not cause a significant reduction in the acceleration time. In this regard, for shunting locomotives with AC traction drive, it is recommended to take a pulling force of an equal continuous traction force.
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Csonka, Bálint, Márton Havas, Csaba Csiszár, and Dávid Földes. "Operational Methods for Charging of Electric Vehicles." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.15853.
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The increasing number of electric vehicles induces a new relationship between the electric vehicles, transportation network and electric network. The deployment of the charging infrastructure is a prerequisite of the widespread of electric vehicles. Furthermore, the charging process and energy management have a significant influence on the operation of both the transportation and electric networks. Therefore, we have elaborated novel operational methods that support the deployment of charging infrastructure for electric cars and buses operating in public bus service, and the energy management. Weighted sum-models were developed to assess candidate sites for public charging stations. The mathematical model of public bus services was elaborated that supports the optimization of static charging infrastructure at bus stops and terminals without schedule adjustments. The flexibility and predictability of charging sessions were identified as the main differences between charging infrastructure deployment for cars and buses. Furthermore, the flows of energy, information and value have been revealed among the components of charging with a focus on commercial locations, which is the basis of energy flow optimization on the smart grid.
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SHPACHUK, Vladimir, Aleksandr CHUPRYNIN, Tatiana SUPRUN, and Andriy KOVALENKO. "MECHANICAL INTERACTION OF THE RAIL TRANSPORT CAR AND JOINT IRREGULARITY." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 113 (December 1, 2021): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.113.14.
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Mechanical models of a transport system “carriage - track” while crossing a joint irregularity are proposed. An investigation was conducted on the peculiarities of static, shock and dynamic interaction between the four-axle car and the track, considering tram wheelsets motion features over joint irregularity. A method to solve the equations of a mathematical model of static, shock and dynamic interaction is developed. Numerical analysis is used to determine deflections of the facing rail under the first sleeper for each phase of motion depending on motion phases, and car load and speed.
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Peng, Yun, Wenyuan Wang, Xinglu Xu, Modi Chen, Xiangqun Song, and Xiangda Li. "A Simulation-Based Dynamic Programming Method for Interchange Scheduling of Port Collecting and Distributing Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 6, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4805250.
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As one of the effective methods to reduce congestion, grade intersection has already been changed to interchange in port collecting and distributing network (PCDN) of many Chinese ports, since the first interchange was built in the PCDN of Dalian port in 1924. Due to the growing demand for port freight transportation, congestion in PCDN is becoming one of the inevitable problems that need to be solved. This paper addresses the best interchange scheduling multistage decision problem in PCDN at a network level. The main challenges are how to estimate the delay time and cope with high uncertainties in port network and PCDN. Therefore, a simulation-based dynamic programming (DP) model is proposed with the purpose of minimizing total cost in lifetime period by combining a DP model and two nested simulation models together. Two simulation models are built to figure out the delay cost in the optimization model, which cannot be calculated by mathematical analysis due to complex vehicle travel patterns and irregular traffic volume caused by random events, such as the arrival pattern of ships’, natural conditions, and storage period of cargos. Finally, a real project in northern China is presented as a case study. The proposed method can be applied in similar cases and can help solve analogous complicated multistage problems.
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Yüksel, Onur, and Burak Köseoğlu. "Regression Modelling Estimation of Marine Diesel Generator Fuel Consumption and Emissions." Transactions on Maritime Science 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w08.
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This study aims to estimate the fuel consumption of marine diesel generators onboard. Objective technical specifications and operational data on the ship's power generating plants and port calls were collected from an oceangoing oil/chemical tanker and used to develop the mathematical model of the plant in the Python and MATLAB environment. The model consists of alternators, prime movers and load distributions of the ship’s power generating plant and provides information on fuel consumption in metric tons calculated based on hours of operation and specific fuel consumption data. Regression models have helped predict future fuel consumption for the plant and the optimal model for the dataset was identified by comparing four different algorithms. As the results have shown the Ordinary Least Squares Regression to be optimum, it was used to make one, five, and ten-year predictions. The predictions for one-year, five-year, and ten-year periods are 4,322,436, 10,684,860, and 18,615,472 t respectively. The selected model predicts fuel consumption with R2 of 0.999, MAE of 3.932, and RMSE of 2.935. Fuel consumption predictions facilitated plant emission calculation.
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Guchenko, Mykola, Vitalii Shmakov, Anna Yudina, Vikroriya Belska, Jiri Cejka, and Ladislav Bartuska. "An Approach to Developing Mathematical Software of On-Board Helicopter Flight Simulator Decision Support System." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2022-0006.
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Abstract The work explores methods and develops aids to improve a pilot flight training level using Full Flight Simulators. It examines their didactic advantages over real helicopters by implementing on-board intelligent decision support systems (IDSS). These simulation programs monitor actions of learner, find the best ways to correct errors and generate appropriate instructions. The training is carried out by reference point methods while the helicopter flight dynamics model simulates a flight and helps an instructor in parallel. Sufficiently simple and accurate model of helicopter flight dynamics was selected and tested to assess the proposed methods and aids. Our analysis introduces a functional structure of IDSS as an adaptive control system with a reference model. We further conducted a study on developing models, methods and means of automatic analysis, forecasting, optimization and correction of actions. Combining single-criteria conditional and vector optimization methods, we found out optimal flight parameters. The research findings revealed that the chosen optimization method requires too many system resources for the optimal solution to be found in a short time. The study thereby comes up with applying ANNs to solve this problem.
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Pu, Y. S., S. Srikukenthiran, E. Morrow, A. Shalaby, and W. Klumpenhouwer. "Capacity Analysis of a Passenger Rail Hub Using Integrated Railway and Pedestrian Simulation." Urban Rail Transit 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-021-00162-7.
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AbstractAs the level of passenger demand in rail transit systems increases, major railway stations in urban centres face serious capacity issues. Both analytical and simulation methods have been used to analyse complex station areas; however, prior efforts have only focused on either train or pedestrian movements with over-simplified assumptions that do not properly capture the impact of their interaction on capacity. This study applies an integrated crowd and transit simulation platform “Nexus” to simultaneously study the impact of pedestrian and train movements on the system performance of a complex railway station. Unlike other methods such as sequential simulation methods, the integrated simulation platform permits linkage between commercial-grade simulators. Instead of treating each simulator separately, this integrated method enables detailed modelling of how the train and crowd dynamic interact at station platforms. Such integration aims to explore the interactive effect on both types of movement and enable performance analysis possible only through this combination. To validate the model, a case study is performed on Toronto’s Union Station. Extensive data were collected, processed and input into railway and pedestrian models constructed using OpenTrack and MassMotion, respectively, and integrated via Nexus. Examining scenarios of increased levels of train and passenger volumes, a 9% drop in on-time performance of train operation is observed, while the level of service experienced by passengers on the platform deteriorates significantly due to crowding. Both length and variation in dwell time due to pedestrian movement are recognized as the main factors of performance deterioration, especially when the system approaches capacity limit. The simulation model produces estimates of the practical track-side capacity of the station and associated platform crowding levels, and helps identify locations where passengers experience severe overcrowding, which are not easily obtainable from mathematical models.
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Bakhy, S. H., M. Al-Waily, and M. A. Al-Shammari. "Analytical and numerical investigation of the free vibration of functionally graded materials sandwich beams." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 110 (August 1, 2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4314.
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Purpose: In this study, the free vibration analysis of functionally graded materials (FGMs) sandwich beams having different core metals and thicknesses is considered. The variation of material through the thickness of functionally graded beams follows the power-law distribution. The displacement field is based on the classical beam theory. The wide applications of functionally graded materials (FGMs) sandwich structures in automotive, marine construction, transportation, and aerospace industries have attracted much attention, because of its excellent bending rigidity, low specific weight, and distinguished vibration characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical formulation for a sandwich beam comprised of FG core with two layers of ceramic and metal, while the face sheets are made of homogenous material has been derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Findings: The main objective of this work is to obtain the natural frequencies of the FG sandwich beam considering different parameters. Research limitations/implications: The important parameters are the gradient index, slenderness ratio, core metal type, and end support conditions. The finite element analysis (FEA), combined with commercial Ansys software 2021 R1, is used to verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical solution results. Practical implications: It was found that the natural frequency parameters, the mode shapes, and the dynamic response are considerably affected by the index of volume fraction, the ratio as well as face FGM core constituents. Finally, the beam thickness was dividing into frequent numbers of layers to examine the impact of many layers' effect on the obtained results. Originality/value: It is concluded, that the increase in the number of layers prompts an increment within the frequency parameter results' accuracy for the selected models. Numerical results are compared to those obtained from the analytical solution. It is found that the dimensionless fundamental frequency decreases as the material gradient index increases, and there is a good agreement between two solutions with a maximum error percentage of no more than 5%.
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Wang, Lisong, Qin Zhang, and Jun Hu. "A framework of safety analysis with temporal feature based on MBSA and case study for ACC system." EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2022, no. 1 (April 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13634-022-00853-8.
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AbstractThe safety of automotive Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system is of great significance to prevent fatigue driving, improve driving comfort, reduce accident rate and promote the development of intelligent transportation and autonomous driving technology. However, the current safety analysis of ACC lacks consideration of the temporal dynamic property, so it is necessary to establish a set of safety analysis methods to consider the temporal characteristics. This paper proposes a new safety analysis method based on MBSA framework and introduces temporal features. Altarica3.0 is a high-level modeling language for safety analysis, and its basic mathematical form is Guardian Transformation System (GTS). In this paper, we outline an analysis approach that converts failure behavioral models (GTS) to temporal fault trees (TFTs), which can be analyzed using Pandora a recent technique for introducing temporal logic to fault trees. However, like classical fault tree analysis, TFT analysis requires a lot of manual effort, which makes it time consuming and expensive. In order to improve the safety of the system, the proposal extends Bayesian Networks with Pandora and results to dependability analysis with temporal relationships to provide more reliable basis for safety design. As a typical case study, the safety analysis method proposed in this paper is applied to the safety analysis of adaptive cruise system, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, it also provides new technologies for the automation and intelligence of safety analysis for smart internet of vehicle.