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KARBOVSKA, Liubov, Anna BRATUS, Olena LOZHACHEVSKA, Ekaterina ZHELEZNIAK, and Tamara NAVROTSKA. "State and Trends of the Road Goods Transportation Field Development in Ukraine." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).04.
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The advantages of using motor transport for transportation of goods are substantiated. On the basis of an analysis of the indicators of the volume of transported goods and the turnover of goods of motor transport in a number of countries of Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Poland, Finland, France, the Czech Republic, Sweden), reduction of activity in the field of road transportation of goods in 2013 − 2014 and its activation in 2015-2016 are established; in addition, the influence of such negative environmental factors on the activity of road transportation of goods as reduction of the trade turnover of these countries with Russia as a result of the EU sanctions, increasing competition in the road transportation market, and the strengthening of the EU requirements for rolling stock and social guarantees for transportation workers was identified. The statistical data on the volume of transported goods and goods turnover of motor and all types of transport during 2012 − 2017 in Ukraine was explored, and a number of problems were identified that hinder the development of this sphere of activity, the main of which are: low quality of transport infrastructure and, above all, unsatisfactory conditions of road communication lines and corruption in the road construction sector, resulting from inefficient management of the field of activity; low level of safety control as far as road traffic and environmental protection are concerned; environmental pollution by road transport with emissions of harmful gases and transport noise, etc. The basic areas of the development of the sphere of road transportations of goods and of the network of highways are determined.
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Dujmović, Josip, Tomislav Krljan, Nikola Lopac, and Srđan Žuškin. "Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040459.
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Carbon emissions generated by the transportation sector represent a large part of total greenhouse gas emissions and are thus subject to various policies and initiatives for emission reduction and the development of sustainable transportation networks. Furthermore, passenger transportation generates a significant amount of emissions within this sector, especially in those countries with large and developed tourist sectors. Examples of such countries are Italy and Croatia, located in the Adriatic region, with a large portion of passengers between them being transported utilizing mainly maritime and/or road transportation modes. A proper analysis of the impact of these transportation mode choices on carbon emissions is essential to enable the selection of the optimal transportation mode for the particular transportation route with respect to the generated emissions. Therefore, this study determines the carbon emissions of the maritime and/or road transportation modes on the existing cross-border passenger transportation routes between Italy and Croatia. For the analysis, the Adriatic region was divided into three sections—the Northern, Middle, and Southern regions—each characterized by specific transportation routes defined by geographical features and distances. The results obtained from this research are presented as total carbon emissions for each transportation mode separately, based on each of three chosen routes in different regions. In addition, a carbon emission comparison between each transportation mode in regard to occupancy rate is performed and presented separately for each chosen route based on its specific distances, transportation means, and features. Finally, by providing an analysis of the existing state, this study can serve as a basis for Italy–Croatia cross-border passenger mobility network modernization and the introduction of new, sustainable, and multimodal transportation routes.
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Borghetti, Fabio, Marchionni Giovanna, Matteo De Bianchi, Benedetto Barabino, Michela Bonera, and Claudia Caballini. "A New Methodology for Accidents Analysis: The Case of the State Road 36 in Italy." International Journal of Transport Development and Integration 5, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/tdi-v5-n3-278-290.
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Borghetti, Fabio. "Preliminary technical and economic analysis of a hyperloop line: case study from Italy." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 90 (February 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.90.7.
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The future of mobility and transportation infrastructures has been heavily questioned during the last years. Today we are looking at how the mobility of people and goods will evolve in the coming years. With reference to this topic, Hyperloop has been at the core of the debate. Scientists and engineers believe that this technology is a great opportunity for the modern society. Nonetheless, it still presents several unsolved issues. The purpose of this work is to propose a methodology to perform technical and economic pre-feasibility studies related to the hyperloop system, with specific focus on transport demand analysis, transport sizing of the infrastructure and cost analysis of CAPEX - CAPital EXpenditure and OPEX - OPerating EXpense. For the evaluation of the potential demand, the paper refers to the Multinomial Logit model, calibrated through SP – Stated Preferences surveys. Once the Logit model has been calibrated, it is possible to envisage different scenarios, such as maximum transport demand or maximum revenue, which will be used for the subsequent design of the transport system. As far as the sizing is concerned, some technical parameters of the project are required, such as: length of the route, maximum speed, and acceleration. The combination of the scenarios defined through the calibration of the Logit model and the project parameters, allows to define several scenarios representing the potential performances of the analyzed system. Given the possible performances of the transport service, an analysis of costs and potential revenues that determines the most efficient solution can be carried out. In addition, parametric values per km can be used to define CAPEX and OPEX. The methodology illustrated above, has been applied to a case study in Italy of the Rome-Milan OD (Origin – Destination), as it is one of the national routes with the highest volume of traffic and the largest number of modal choices.
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Manzone, Marco, Gianfranco Airoldi, and Angela Calvo. "Transportation of maize silage to biogas plants." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 51, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.974.
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Maize silage is one of the most used feedstock for the anaerobic digestion plants in Italy. As biomass, it is necessary to choose maize hybrids and sowing times to reach the maturity stage at the planned harvest period. In addition, the contractor has to set up transport chains considering distances and other factors affecting the forward speed in function of the supplied biogas plants. This work examined different road conditions (length, weather and congestion) that might influence the maize silage transportation under both the energy and economic points of view. Tests were carried out with an agricultural tractor equipped with two trailers (a turntable steering and a dumper) along six itineraries (6.2, 15.3, 22.1, 32.5, 44.4, and 58.2 km) in two different traffic conditions: high congestion (early morning) and low congestion (evening). Tests were also performed in two seasons with different weather conditions: late Summer and early Autumn. The average forward speed was 27.40 km h–1 with a 15% difference between the best (evening and late Summer) and the worst (early morning and early Autumn) condition, with a productivity that varied between 9.50 and 81.98 m3h–1 respectively. The performed tests confirmed that the energetic evaluation is always positive also in the longest itinerary (58.2 km), but the actual market value of maize silage (52.00 € t–1) limits the convenience of the transportation distance up to 18 km. In conclusion, the study showed that the maize silage transportation using agricultural tractors not only depends on the travelled distance, but also on the road congestion and the weather conditions.
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Pirra, Miriam. "Stated interest, actual use or indifference towards car sharing: profiling students and staff of a university campus in Turin (Italy)." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 79, ET.2020 (September 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.79.1.
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A mobility survey was proposed to the staff and to the students of Politecnico di Torino (a technical university located in Turin, Italy) in autumn 2016 with a focus on the interest and on the current use of car sharing. Turin is in fact offering a relatively broad variety of such services, with several different operators and a fleet of about 700 vehicles. A data mining technique, named co-clustering, is then applied to the dataset of 1314 answers in order to characterise respondents’ profiles and assess to which extent specific combinations of variables describing personal, travel-related or satisfaction with travel aspects are associated with the actual use, the interest or the lack of interest in car sharing. Early adopters of car sharing are more frequently encountered among students than among staff and show more multimodal behaviours. The levels of use of different modes can be helpful in discriminating between mere positive attitudes towards car sharing and actual intention to use it, while travel related satisfaction ratings are rather indicating the interest or lack of interest in this service. Among university workers, younger females living in the outer part of the metropolitan city showed a good interest in car sharing, although the service is not available in the place where they live. Policy implications of such findings within a mobility management perspective are discussed.
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Gallo, Riccardo, and Fabrizio Carapellotti. "Struttura economico-finanziaria dell'industria italiana: ruolo degli incentivi pubblici." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001010.
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- Italian government's grants to industrial companies have decreased in recent years. Moreover, during the period 2000-2007, less than 25% of total incentives was aimed at sustaining industrial R&D and internationalization activities. In the absence of an effective public aid policy, in 2007 Italian industrial companies were still focused on traditional manufacturing industries and were suffering the increasing competition from emerging countries. The added value of their manufacturing activity has decreased, their technological growth has slowed down, their financial indebtedness has dropped, while their return on equity has increased. The performance of most industrial companies that had received the government's aids has not improved, with the exception of the so-called Made in Italy and the Transportation equipment manufacturing sectors, whose economic performance has improved with state subsidies. Keywords: government grants, manufacturing industries, capital structure Parole chiave: agevolazioni del governo, settori manifatturieri, struttura economico-finanziaria Jel Classification: H81, L52
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Sebak, Per Kristian. "Constraints and possibilities: Scandinavian shipping companies and transmigration, 1898–1914." International Journal of Maritime History 27, no. 4 (November 2015): 755–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415610293.
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In the early twentieth century, transatlantic migration peaked. Transmigrants, i.e. migrants who travelled through third countries on the way to their destination, comprised more than half of all emigrants departing from German, Belgian, Dutch and British ports which together were the most important. The most important countries of origin were Russia and Austria-Hungary, in addition to Italy. Because of this, shipping companies had to deal with networks and manage a transport system extending far beyond their traditional sphere of economic interest. In the process, the companies became ever more dependent on influencing state actors in Europe as well as in North America to keep their long-established business structures going. In many ways, the transatlantic passenger business between the 1890s and 1914 should therefore be viewed more as a transmigrant business rather than an emigrant business, which is the most common understanding of this massive human movement. The article focuses on the transmigration phenomenon from the point of view of three very different shipping companies/initiatives in Norway, Sweden and Denmark respectively. Norway and Sweden had among the highest rates of transatlantic migration, and Norway had the third largest merchant fleet in the word by the turn of the twentieth century. Yet only Denmark provided a direct transatlantic service throughout the most important period for transatlantic migration. What possibilities were there for these three countries to engage in the transatlantic passenger business and what constrained their efforts? By concentrating on the transmigration phenomenon and three countries with differing points of departure, the article provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics involved in shaping the transatlantic passenger business, of how the business worked, and of how the companies could influence the flow and pattern of migratory movements between Europe and North America.
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Marchenko, L. A. "Quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits and breeding for their improvement." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 52, no. 5 (November 30, 2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2022-5-3.
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Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources the information about the main quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits (large fruit size, hardness or firmness of fruits, biochemical composition) and breeding possibilities of their improvement at the present stage of breeding is summarized. Quality characteristics of garden strawberries are differentiated by groups: commercial, consumer, biochemical, physical and mechanical, technological. When growing garden strawberries for fresh consumption, the following large-fruited varieties were identified: Clery (Italy), Florence (UK), Alba (Italy), Roxana (Italy), Vima Xima (Netherlands), Vima Tarda (Netherlands), Vima Kimberly (Netherlands), Maya (Italy), San Andreas (USA), Taira, Nelly, Kemiya, Elegy, Alpha, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Krymchanka 87, Arossa, Zarya, Krymskaya rannaya, Uniol, Jantarnaja. The trait of fruit hardness refers to the technological characteristics, but it also depends on the appearance of fruits during harvesting and transportation, which determines the commercial appearance. The following varieties have a high degree of fruit hardness: Tsaritsa, Surprise olympics, Rubinovy kulon, Feyerverk, Aquarelle, Alina, Nelli, Induka (Netherlands), Clery, Darselect (France), Tenira (Netherlands), Selekta (Canada), Polka (Netherlands), Irma (Italy), Alba, Asia (Italy), Syria (Italy), Onda (Italy), Vivaldi (Netherlands). Strawberry fruits are characterized by a unique composition of biologically active compounds that determine the nutritional value of the crop as a source of dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Studies indicate a predominant role of genotype in the accumulation of antioxidants in garden strawberry fruits, as well as the influence of growing conditions on the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. Due to the development of cultivation technologies and the expansion of knowledge about the nutraceutical value of garden strawberries, improving the quality of fruits has become one of the priority objectives of breeding programs around the world. To increase the level of fruit quality traits in garden strawberry, the greatest effect can be achieved by using the original forms with proven donor properties on these traits in breeding.
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Valenti, Michael. "Tilting Trains Shorten Transit Time." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 06 (June 1, 1998): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jun-6.
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This article explains the research work done to study and implement tilling trains. Tilting trains while negotiating curves reduce centrifugal force on passengers yet maintain fast speed on the ride. London-based Virgin Rail has signed one of the largest international railroad contracts ever for a fleet of tilting trains from Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A. in Savigliano, Italy, to run on Great Britain's high-speed West Coast Main Line. Fiat engineers house the hydraulic or electromechanical actuators of the Pendolino trains in the bogies completely under the cars to preserve space in the passenger compartments. The latest generation of Pendolino train, the ETR 460, was introduced in 1993. This train carries up to 478 passengers at a top speed of 250 kilometers per hour. Each ETR 460 is made up of three traction units, each consisting of two motor cars and one trailer. The Washington State Department of Transportation uses Talgo pendular trains, to cut the travel times of passengers traveling in the Pacific Northwest.
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Bryce, Jane, Silvia Riva, Massimo Di Maio, Fabio Efficace, Luciano Frontini, Ciro Gallo, Diana Giannarelli, et al. "Measuring financial toxicity of cancer in the Italian health care system: Initial results of the patient reported outcome for fighting financial toxicity of cancer project (proFFiT)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.91.
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91 Background: Financial toxicity in cancer patients has been initially reported in the United States and subsequently in other countries, including Italy, despite its health care system is grounded on universal coverage. Considering that the way healthcare and welfare systems are shaped does impact on financial problems faced by cancer patients, we are developing an instrument for evaluating occurrence, gravity, and consequences of financial toxicity in Italy, and hopefully for fighting it. Methods: Concept elicitation, item generation and qualitative analyses represented the initial tasks of the project. Literature review, focus groups with 34 cancer patients or caregivers in three regions located in nothern, central, and southern Italy, and semi-structured interviews with 97 oncologists were conducted for concept elicitation. A recursive process was used to identify themes in the data to inform instrument until saturation was reached. Importance analysis questionnaires were administered to further 44 cancer patients to evaluate and revise the draft item pool. A multi-disciplinary committee (including oncologists, psychologists, statisticians, patient association’s representatives, nurses, social science researchers and economists) oversights the project. Results: Overall, 156 concepts were distributed among 10 themes (bureaucracy, medical care, domestic economy, emotion, family, job, health workers, welfare state, free time, transportation). After controlling for redundancy, 55 candidate items were generated and 30 items, with at least one per each theme, remained after importance analysis. Out of the 30 items, 23 (77%) refer to material conditions, 4 (13%) to psychological response and 3 (10%) to coping behaviors. Conclusions: The first results of the proFFiT project show that most of the items selected by patients are related to material conditions that cause, or derive from, financial hardship. The final questionnaire will be ready by the end of 2019. Supported by Fondazione AIRC IG grant 2017-20402. Clinical trial information: NCT03473379 .
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Cammarano, Antonello, Vincenzo Varriale, Francesca Michelino, and Mauro Caputo. "Open and Crowd-Based Platforms: Impact on Organizational and Market Performance." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042223.
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The aim of the research was to present the state of the art on the use of open and crowd-based platforms and the advantages in terms of business performance that emerging practices employing such technologies are able to provide. The analysis was performed by extracting information on emerging practices from the repository Business Process Framework for Emerging Technologies developed by the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Salerno (Italy). Contingency tables allowed analysis of the association of such practices with industry, business function, business process, and impact on performance. From the analysis of the results, many implementation opportunities emerge, mainly in manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation industries, providing benefits not only in terms of efficiency and productivity, cost reduction, and information management but also in product/service differentiation. Therefore, the research provides an overview of opportunities for organizations employing open and crowd-based platforms in order to improve market and organizational performance. Moreover, the article highlights in what specific business contexts these technologies can be mainly useful.
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Baldassa, Andrea, Riccardo Ceccato, Federico Orsini, Riccardo Rossi, and Massimiliano Gastaldi. "MaaS Bundling and Acceptance in the Pandemic Era: Evidence from Padua, Italy." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9833689.
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Given the benefits both individuals and collectivity have achieved over the past few years thanks to Mobility-as-Service (MaaS) systems, various studies were conducted to predict the level of acceptance of MaaS bundles from different territorial scales and in different countries. Results obtained are in some cases contradictory. Literature is lacking in the study of small-to-medium-sized urban contexts and in the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to understand (1) what factors influence respondents’ preferences between their usual transportation means and a possible MaaS alternative and (2) what leads a user to prefer one MaaS bundle to another. A logistic regression and a mixed logit model were developed to reach the two aims, respectively. These models were calibrated using questionnaires administered to employees of the Municipality of Padua, a medium-sized city in Italy. Aspects concerning the perception of health safety in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the analyses. In 37% of the cases, users stated they would be willing to adopt at least one of the proposed MaaS bundles. The results suggest that MaaS solutions can be a useful tool for managing mobility even in medium-sized cities, provided users’ biosecurity concerns are addressed by appropriate countermeasures.
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Hildreth, Brianna A., Giovanna Panarello, Gennaro Martucci, Fabio Tuzzolino, Alberto Piacentini, Giovanna Occhipinti, Andrea Giunta, et al. "ECMO Retrieval over the Mediterranean Sea: Extending Hospital Arms." Membranes 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030210.
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The retrieval and transport of patients from peripheral hospitals to high volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers aims to reduce complications and improve survival. In Sicily (Italy), our institute houses a mobile ECMO team that serves a population of around 10 million people for a vast area in southern Italy and Malta. This observational, descriptive study includes all patients that required veno–venous (V-V) ECMO and transport by a mobile team between October 2009 and May 2020. Linear and multiple logistic regressions were applied to explore the risk factors for mortality in the ICU. Kaplan–Meier estimates were generated to predict the survival in patients transported by helicopter or ambulance, and the two cohorts were compared according to their baseline characteristics. Of 122 patients transported, 89 (73%) survived to ICU discharge (50 (41%) patients were transported by ambulance, and 72 (59%) were transported by helicopter). Independent predictive factors associated with mortality in a stepwise multiple regression model were prone positioning, acute kidney injury, and the number of days spent on mechanical ventilation (MV). Kaplan–Meier estimates for survival favored the helicopter cohort (79%) rather than the ambulance cohort (64%). Patients transported by helicopter had better pre-ECMO profiles, with shorter hospital and ICU stays, a shorter duration of MV use, and higher RESP scores, which indicate better survival probabilities. ECMO transport can be carried out safely over long distances; in rural areas with underdeveloped roads, transportation via helicopter or ambulance can extend the arm of the hospital to remote areas. Early ECMO initiation can be crucial in improving survival outcomes, and when transportation is the limiting factor to starting ECMO support, it should be attempted at the earliest logistical stage possible.
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Guido, Giuseppe, Sina Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami Shaffiee Haghshenas, Alessandro Vitale, Vittorio Astarita, Yongjin Park, and Zong Woo Geem. "Evaluation of Contributing Factors Affecting Number of Vehicles Involved in Crashes Using Machine Learning Techniques in Rural Roads of Cosenza, Italy." Safety 8, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety8020028.
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The evaluation of road safety is a critical issue having to be conducted for successful safety management in road transport systems, whereas safety management is considered in road transportation systems as a challenging task according to the dynamic of this issue and the presence of a large number of effective parameters on road safety. Therefore, the evaluation and analysis of important contributing factors affecting the number of vehicles involved in crashes play a key role in increasing the efficiency of road safety. For this purpose, in this research work, two machine learning algorithms, including the group method of data handling (GMDH)-type neural network and a combination of support vector machine (SVM) and the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), are employed. Hence, the number of vehicles involved in an accident is considered to be the output, and the seven factors affecting transport safety, including Daylight (DL), Weekday (W), Type of accident (TA), Location (L), Speed limit (SL), Average speed (AS), and Annual average daily traffic (AADT) of rural roads in Cosenza, southern Italy, are selected as the inputs. In this study, 564 data sets from rural areas were investigated, and the relevant, effective parameters were measured. In the next stage, several models were developed to investigate the parameters affecting the safety management of road transportation in rural areas. The results obtained demonstrated that the “Type of accident” has the highest level and “Location” has the lowest importance in the investigated rural area. Finally, although the results of both algorithms were the same, the GOA-SVM model showed a better degree of accuracy and robustness than the GMDH model.
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Reggia, Adriano, Ivan Trabucchi, Alessandro Morbi, and Giovanni A. Plizzari. "Actual achievements and future challenges of HPFRC for structural rehabilitation of bridges." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236404018.
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The state of road infrastructures in many advanced countries is rapidly changing under the impulse of massive funding from governments, eager to have more efficient and safer transportation systems. The use of well-known materials such as fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is finding a growing space for structural rehabilitation of bridges; the adopted material is often defined as High performance fibre reinforced concrete (HPFRC) due to its enhanced performance. The paper presents the principal findings of an EU-funded project that involved the repair of two road bridges in Italy using HPFRC. The project has successfully carried out the jacketing of bridge piers and cap-beams, heavily damaged by corrosion, with a new HPFRC layer of reduced thickness (40-60 mm) and limited use of steel reinforcements. Experimental tests carried out in the laboratory of the University of Brescia on 1:2 scaled specimens have shown the possibility to increase the load bearing capacity of the cap beams (with respect to vertical loading) up to 73%, with moderate effects on the change in stiffness and ductility of the existing structure. Based on field and laboratory experience, the article eventually presents some new challenges for the use of HPFRC in the reduction of environmental impact of construction industry.
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Campisi, Tiziana, Anastasios Skoufas, Alexandros Kaltsidis, and Socrates Basbas. "Gender Equality and E-Scooters: Mind the Gap! A Statistical Analysis of the Sicily Region, Italy." Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100403.
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Mobility since 2000 has undergone enormous changes due to new modes of transport and related technologies as well as catastrophic and pandemic events. Several strategies have been implemented by European states to mitigate impacts and assess possible risks in a preventive way. Today, mobility pursues the objectives of sustainability and resilience through a series of short-, medium- and long-term strategies that encourage the collaboration of the population to the choices of urban planning and design. Among the different modes of transport that have had a rise in recent years are scooters. Such modes are well suited to connecting spaces within the first and last mile. Similar to other modes of transportation, scooters are also characterized to date by reduced gender equity. The present work investigates through the administration of an online survey the participants’ perceptions concerning the factors that most affect this gender balance considering the metropolitan areas of Catania and Palermo in Sicily. The development of an ordinal regression model revealed the most influential factors of the gender equality variable. Specifically, age, job occupation and perceived safety level of micromobility modes play the most important role. The present findings can be effectively utilized in the planning stage of e-scooter services towards the bridging of the gender gap.
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Sikorski, Tomasz. "„Klatka Ezry”. Między poezją a polityką." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 38, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.38.3.4.
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EZRA’S CAGE”. BETWEEN POETRY AND POLITICSEzra Pound 1885–1975 was, next to Thomas Stearns Eliot, the most prominent American poet of modernist. He was considered the creator of vorticism and imagism — modern trends in art and world culture. In his works he reached to different eras and cultural trends. He was as well fascinated by medieval Provençal, Spanish and Italian literature, and Japanese art of haiku. On his work also had an impact scholasticism, Confucianism and Far East literature. In addition to poetry, Pound was also involved in literary criticism, painting and sculpture, he wrote historiosophical essays and dramas. The greatest fame brought him, however, written for many years, „Canto”. During his stay in the British Isles he also dealt with politics and economics. He was considered a supporter of the theory of Social Credit of Hugh Douglas Clifford, aBritish engineer and economic theorist. In the early twenties Pound went to Italy. Here he became fascinated with fascism and the person of Benitto Musollini. In his works including his poetic works appeared clear fascist and anti-Semitic accents. He criticized Jewish international financiers and banking critique of usury. During World War II he gave propaganda „talks” in the Italian radio. He praised the organization of the fascist state and fascism as an idea, and at the same time warned the threat from international Jewish conspiracy. His views meant that he was accused of collaboration and treason. He was arrested and imprisoned in the US prison camp near Genoa. He spent almost amonth in aclosed cage. During his stay in the camp he had nervous breakdown. After transportation to the United States for many years he was locked out in hospital for mentally ill. After leaving the hospital, he returned to public space. Still creative, he was nominated for the most prestigious literary awards. His works have been translated into many languages around the world, including Polish. He died in Italy in 1975.
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Ferrara, Maria, Elisa Langiano, Lavinia Falese, Antonella De Marco, and Elisabetta De Vito. "Quality of Life and Psychosocial Impacts of the Different Restrictive Measures during One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cancer in Italy: An Ecological Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 7161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137161.
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Background: The aim of the study was to assess the perceived quality of life and the psychosocial impact of the various restrictive measures due to COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients in Italy, as well as their perception of the relationship with doctors and caregivers. Methods: This study compares three population-based observational studies of patients with cancer carried out in three consecutive time periods characterized by different restrictive measures using a self-administered online questionnaire. Results: Among the basic needs, psychological and medical support appeared to be prevalent; so did the need for safe transportation to reach the treatment facilities. Internet was the main source of information on the coronavirus. Although 74.6% of the total number of patients did not give up hospital therapies, 34.8% complained about variations in the continuity of treatment, with different percentages in the three samples. The majority of the sample (73.8%) was worried of being infected, but 21.9% did not share their anxieties and worries with others. The multivariate regression analysis showed that a pessimistic perception of quality of life was influenced by living in extra-urban areas and alone (OR = 1.4; OR = 2.1); while a perception of a reduced physical function result affected by the state of anxiety and stress (OR = 1.9) and the difficulties in continuity of medical assistance (OR = 2.2). The scoring of the SF-12 in the Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores showed a fluctuating trend throughout the three periods investigated. Conclusions: It is important for health professionals, caregivers and social workers to identify the new needs in order to enhance home care interventions, personalize and optimize care, ensure continuity of care and guarantee a high quality of life even in a health emergency situation.
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Liu, D., M. Flynn, M. Gysel, A. Créso Targino, I. Crawford, K. Bower, T. Choularton, et al. "Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2010): 8765–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-8765-2010.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) mass, size distribution and mixing state in sub-micron aerosols were characterized from late February to March 2007 using a single particle incandescence method at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), Switzerland (46.33° N, 7.59° E, 3580 m a.s.l.). JFJ is a ground based location, which is at times exposed to continental free tropospheric air. A median mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of 10.2±3.2 m2 g−1 at λ = 630 nm was derived by comparing single particle incandescence measurements of black carbon mass with continuous measurements of absorption coefficient. This value is comparable with other estimates at this location. The aerosols measured at the site were mostly well mixed and aged during transportation via the free troposphere. Pollutant sources were traced by air mass back trajectories, trace gases concentrations and the mass loading of BC. In southeasterly wind directions, mixed or convective weather types provided the potential to vent polluted boundary layer air from the southern Alpine area and industrial northern Italy, delivering enhanced BC mass loading and CN concentrations to the JFJ. The aerosol loadings at this site were also significantly influenced by precipitation, which led to the removal of BC from the atmosphere. Precipitation events were shown to remove about 65% of the BC mass from the free tropospheric background reducing the mean loading from 10±5 ngm−3 to 4±2 ngm−3. Overall, 40±15% of the observed BC particles within the detectable size range were mixed with large amounts of non-refractory materials present as a thick coating around the BC core. The growth of particle size into the accumulation mode was positively linked with the degree of BC mixing, suggesting the important role of condensable materials in increasing particle size as well as enhancing BC mixing state. It is the first time that BC mass, size distribution and mixing state are reported in the free troposphere over Europe. These ground based measurements also provide the first temporal study of BC in the European free troposphere quantitatively measured by single particle methods. At the present time there is only limited information of BC and its mixing state in the free troposphere, especially above Europe. The results reported in this paper provide an important constraint on modelled representation of BC.
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Rotaris, Lucia, Marco Giansoldati, and Mariangela Scorrano. "The slow uptake of electric cars in Italy and Slovenia. Evidence from a stated-preference survey and the role of knowledge and environmental awareness." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 144 (February 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.11.011.
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Liu, D., M. Flynn, M. Gysel, A. Targino, I. Crawford, K. Bower, T. Choularton, et al. "Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 15 (August 9, 2010): 7389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7389-2010.
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Abstract. The refractory black carbon (rBC) mass, size distribution (190–720 nm) and mixing state in sub-micron aerosols were characterized from late February to March 2007 using a single particle incandescence method at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), Switzerland (46.33° N, 7.59° E, 3580 m a.s.l.). JFJ is a ground based location, which is at times exposed to continental free tropospheric air. A median mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of 10.2±3.2 m2 g−1 at λ=630 nm was derived by comparing single particle incandescence measurements of black carbon mass with continuous measurements of absorption coefficient. This value is comparable with other estimates at this location. The aerosols measured at the site were mostly well mixed and aged during transportation via the free troposphere. Pollutant sources were traced by air mass back trajectories, trace gases concentrations and the mass loading of rBC. In southeasterly wind directions, mixed or convective weather types provided the potential to vent polluted boundary layer air from the southern Alpine area and industrial northern Italy, delivering enhanced rBC mass loading and CN concentrations to the JFJ. The aerosol loadings at this site were also significantly influenced by precipitation, which led to the removal of rBC from the atmosphere. Precipitation events were shown to remove about 65% of the rBC mass from the free tropospheric background reducing the mean loading from 13±5 ng m−3 to 6±2 ng m−3(corrected to standard temperature and pressure). Overall, 40±15% of the observed rBC particles within the detectable size range were mixed with large amounts of non-refractory materials present as a thick coating. The growth of particle size into the accumulation mode was positively linked with the degree of rBC mixing, suggesting the important role of condensable materials in increasing particle size and leading to enhanced internal mixing of these materials with rBC. It is the first time that BC mass, size distribution and mixing state are reported in the free troposphere over Europe. These ground based measurements also provide the first temporal study of rBC in the European free troposphere quantitatively measured by single particle methods. At the present time there is only limited information of BC and its mixing state in the free troposphere, especially above Europe. The results reported in this paper provide an important constraint on modelled representation of BC.
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Cortellazzi, Pilade, Davide Carini, Luana Bolzoni, Evelina Cattadori, and Vanda Randi. "Emilia-Romagna Regional Blood System accreditation as an example of improvement through application of specific requirements: a retrospective analysis." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 4 (November 2021): e001408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001408.
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BackgroundInstitutional accreditation in Italy represents the license given by a region to a public or private facility to provide services in the name and on behalf of the National Health Service. This study aims to evaluate the improvement of the Emilia-Romagna Regional Blood System and to highlight its unresolved issues, analysing non-conformities observed during accreditation and maintenance inspections between 2013 and 2018.MethodsAll the Emilia-Romagna Regional Blood facilities were invited to participate in this study voluntarily and anonymously. Participants had to access a web application that we developed specifically. For each of the three inspections evaluated in this study, they had to enter data about the state of their organisation branches and non-conformities observed by regional inspectors. All data entered were finally exported from the web application database and analysed with spreadsheets. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with continuity correction.Results17 structures took part in the study, with a total of 174 organisation branches. The number of branches changed over the years because of new openings and closures due to reorganisations or non-conformities that were too difficult to correct. Inspectors observed 2381 non-conformities (291 structural, 611 technological and 1479 organisational). As a result of accreditation inspections and consequent improvement actions, non-conformities were reduced by 88%. The most frequent non-conformities concerned the management software and the transportation of blood and blood components.ConclusionAn improvement in the Emilia-Romagna Regional Blood System over time is evident: institutional accreditation certainly pushed it to change and overcome its problems to comply with specific requirements. The remaining non-conformities after the three inspections were mostly organisational and management software was the most critical issue. Despite these non-conformities, all currently active structures are accredited and guarantee high standards of quality and safety of products and services.
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De Domenico, Dario, Davide Messina, and Antonino Recupero. "A Combined Experimental-Numerical Framework for Assessing the Load-Bearing Capacity of Existing PC Bridge Decks Accounting for Corrosion of Prestressing Strands." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174914.
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Bridges constitute important elements of the transportation network. A vast part of the Italian existing infrastructural system dates to around 60 years ago, which implies that the related bridge structures were constructed according to past design guidelines and underwent a probable state of material deterioration (e.g., steel corrosion, concrete degradation), especially in those cases in which proper maintenance plans have not been periodically performed over the structural lifetime. Consequently, elaborating rapid yet effective safety assessment strategies for existing bridge structures represents a topical research line. This contribution presents a systematic experimental-numerical approach for assessing the load-bearing capacity of existing prestressed concrete (PC) bridge decks. This methodology is applied to the Longano PC viaduct (southern Italy) as a case study. Initially, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge deck are experimentally identified from vibration data collected in situ through Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), based on which a numerical finite element (FE) model is developed and calibrated. In situ static load tests are then carried out to investigate the static deflections under maximum allowed serviceability loads, which are compared to values provided by the FE model for further validation. Since prestressing strands appear corroded in some portions of the main girders, numerical static nonlinear analysis with a concentrated plasticity approach is finally conducted to quantify the effects of various corrosion scenarios on the resulting load-bearing capacity of the bridge at ultimate limit states. The proposed methodology, encompassing both serviceability and ultimate conditions, can be used to identify critical parts of a large infrastructure network prior to performing widespread and expensive material test campaigns, to gain preliminary insight on the structural health of existing bridges and to plan a priority list of possible repairing actions in a reasonable, safe, and costly effective manner.
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Henke, Ilaria, Armando Cartenì, Clorinda Molitierno, and Assunta Errico. "Decision-Making in the Transport Sector: A Sustainable Evaluation Method for Road Infrastructure." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030764.
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The transport sector is often the center of political and scientific debate on sustainability due to negative externalities produced by the daily movement of goods and people which impact both on the environment and on quality of life. Great interest has therefore focused on impact estimation of transport infrastructures/services with respect to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Among the consolidated assessment methods, the cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the quantitative tools representing the final stage (decision) in decision-making processes, which compares design alternatives and verifies the sustainability of a transport project. Recently the Italian Government proposed the national “Guidelines for Assessment of Investment Projects” based on CBA. The aim of this research is twofold: a) from a research point of view, to propose a sustainable evaluating method for impact assessment of the new transportation infrastructure aimed in performing both rational and shared decisions with the territories; b) for a practical point of view, to propose a first application of the CBA Italian guideline useful for the professional practice in the field of public investment evaluation. A quantitative impacts assessment of social, economic and environmental sustainability was performed for a revamping project of a new “greenway” in the south of Italy. Furthermore, also the social equity impacts produced by the new road infrastructure was also quantified, estimating the GINI indexes variation as a measure of effectiveness.
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Markis, Lince, P. Susetyo Wardana, and Ardi Syawaldipa. "Renovation of Crane Control System of Reach Stalker Ferari 178h1 Using Avr Atmega2560." International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering 4, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/ijasce.4.2.86.
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Container rental service companies or container parking facilities providers need container transportation equipment such as Crane Reach Stalker to move and arrange containers. Several container services companies in Surabaya such as Citra Mandiri Sejati have a Crane Reach Stalker made by Ferari Italy which experienced damage to the electrical control. After observing the control unit, the damage was in the hardware comparison system and the relay control used. Dealing with these problems, planning and improvement of the total control system were carried out using the ATMega2560 AVR microcontroller. However, the problem becomes complex and requires cooperation with Hydraulic control partners when the entire system must be resolved. From the renovation work on the Ferari 178H1 Load Handling Crane system for a year, it was obtained that the Load Handling control input data in which it was a joystick and a 3 positions button with an output level of 0 and 9 volts. Hydraulic control uses a Solenoid Valve type 4/3 with 2 input control coils, and in overall system testing, the average length of time for the movement of the Piston Crane is 6 to 12 seconds. From the test results using a 40 tons container load, it was stated by the Crane driver that the time used to carry out Load Handling for the Hydraulic type and the Crane's age was suitable and appropriate.
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Menzato, Federica, Luca Bosa, Armando Sifna, Luisa Da Silva, Elena Gasperoni, Maddalena Martella, Mamadu Saliu Sanha, et al. "Successful Simultaneous Screening of Sickle Cell Disease, HIV and Tuberculosis in Rural Guinea Bissau, West Africa through Rapid Tests and a Standardized Clinical Questionnaire: An Outreach Program Due to a Public-Private Partnership." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119006.
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Abstract Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that sickle cell disease (SCD), HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) represent high, yet under recognized health issues in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. A public National Reference Center for TB, Hospital Raoul Follereau (HRF) managed by the Italian NGO AHEAD is present in the capital city of Bissau with specialized local health staff capable of managing HIV and TB; the hospital has a SCD Clinic. Access to health services for rural population is limited and in some villages basic health care and routine screening are also seldom available due to lack of resources, specialized staff or diagnostic capacity. Therefore, people are not diagnosed or diagnosed late for SCD, HIV, TB. Nevertheless, rapid tests for both HIV and SCD are available on the market and one for TB is being developed. Simultaneous screening of three big diseases at the point of care (POC) in rural areas would allow saving of time and resources, while identifying people in need of further specialized diagnostic or follow up. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous screening of HIV, SCD and TB at the POC in a rural area of Guinea Bissau through rapid tests for HIV and SCD and a standardized clinical questionnaire (Figure 1) with clinical examination for TB. To identify patients with HIV, SCD or both and enroll them in appropriate follow up programs; to identify suspects of TB eligible for in depth diagnostic screening. Methods: During the first phase of the project a temporary outreach health post was organized for 10 days in March 2018 in the village of Fanhè, by the NGO AGB already operating in the village. 1) The chiefs of the rural community village informed all the households through collective meetings and home visits regarding the objectives and modalities of the health project after accepting the proposal made by the NGOs and the HRF staff (February-March 2018); 2) the local chiefs organized a schedule of visits according to households; 3) 3 nurses and 2 physicians from the HRF in Bissau, linguistically competent for Creole and local dialects, administered the standardized questionnaire and the physical examination respectively; 3) 2 pediatric residents from Italy aided in clinical examination, a nurse and 2 other physicians in performing the rapid tests for HIV (Determine®) and SCD (Sickle Scan, Biomedomics) after informed consent; patients with Sickle Scan positive results were immediately collected another blood sample on Guthrie card for molecular analysis confirmation to be performed in Italy at the Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova. During the second phase of the project (April-May 2018) subjects with suspect of TB and/or HIV received free transportation to the HRF for TB diagnostic evaluation according to the national protocol and second HIV confirmatory test. Results: All 898 inhabitants (32 families) accepted the screening and performed clinical examination with clinical questionnaire; all performed the finger prick for HIV and SCD rapid test. At SickleScan 16 were HbSA (children 9/16); none were HbAC or HbSS. All received information on the carrier state. At Determine 61 were HIV positive (children 9/61). 93 presented clinical suspect of TB (children 33/93). 12 had a suspected of TB and were HIV positive(children: 2/12). For subjects with a suspect of TB or who were HIV positive free transportation was arranged to the HRF for complete TB diagnostic workup and second HIV confirmatory Rapid Test. All HIV positive tests were confirmed and patients enrolled in clinical care in a nearby village; 30% of patients with TB suspect had the diagnosis confirmed by Xray/sputum smear examination and were enrolled in appropriate care programss. All 16 Sicklescan positive HbSA samples underwent molecular analysis and the results were confirmed. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of a simultaneous population screening at the POC in rural areas for three "big diseases" (SCD, HIV and TB) through a temporary outreach clinic organized by local specialized staff in collaboration with local communities and international Academic Institutions and NGOs. The simultaneous screening with rapid test and standardized clinical examination is a model that could replicated in other rural settings in low resource countries. A further pilot study which will include a rapid test for TB, HIV and SCD is currently being planned. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Colombatti: NOVARTIS: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; BlueBirdBio: Consultancy; ADDMEDICA: Consultancy.
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Loktev, A. A., V. V. Vinogradov, and V. A. Buchkin. "MODELS OF INTERACTION OF WHEEL AND RAIL AT HIGH SPEED." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-6.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The authors evaluate the process of dynamic contact «wheel-rail» through analysis of several simulation models of interaction, allowing to take into account different rheological properties of contacting bodies. The research apparatus comprises equations describing the motion of wheel and rail in the vertical direction, which are then solved using initial conditions and numerical iterative scheme, assuming that at small time intervals individual values behave linearly. The proposed algorithm allows to determine that at medium and high speeds of vehicle movement the elastic-plastic dependence of Alexandrov- Kadomtsev is most appropriate to describe the nature of interaction between the wheel and the rail, as well as to find individual dynamic values. Keywords: railway, wheel, rail, dynamic effects, viscoelastic contact force, elastic-plastic interaction, mechanical characteristics, interaction patterns, dynamic bending, local buckling. REFERENCES 1.Agostinacchio, M., Ciampa, D., Diomedi, M., Olita, S.Parametrical analysis of the railways dynamic response at high speed moving loads.Journal of Modern Transportation, 2013, Vol.21, Iss.3, pp.169-181. 2.Fang, M., Cerdas, S.F., Qiu, Ya.Numerical determination for optimal location of sub-track asphalt layer in high-speed rails.Journal of Modern Transportation, 2013, Vol.21, Iss.2, pp.103-110. 3.Alexandrov, V.M., Romalis, B. L.Contact tasks in mechanical engineering [Kontaktnye zadachi v mashinostroenii].Moscow, Mashinostroenie publ., 1986, 362 p. 4.Kogan, A.Ya.Interaction of wheel and rail at rolling [Vzaimodejstvie kolesa i rel’sa pri kachenii].Trenie i smazka v mashinah i mehanizmah, 2008, Iss.8, pp.26-38. 5.Olsson, R., Donadon, M.V., Falzon, B. G.Delamination threshold load for dynamic impact on plates.International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2006, Vol. 43, pp.3124-3141. 6.Biryukov, D.G., Kadomtsev, I. G.Elastic-plastic nonaxisymmetric impact of parabolic body on a spherical shell [Uprugoplasticheskij neosesimmetrichnyj udar parabolicheskogo tela po sfericheskoj obolochke].Prikladnaja matematika i teoreticheskaja fizika, 2005, Vol.46, Iss.1, pp.181-186. 7.Loktev, A.A., Vershinin, V. V.Modeling shockproof insulation systems with viscoelastic elements [Modelirovanie sistem protivoudarnoj izoljacii s vjazkouprugimi elementami].Vestnik MGTU im. Baumana. Serija Estestvennye nauki, 2012, Iss.2, pp.52-63. 8.Loktev, A.A., Sycheva, A. V.Research of dynamic characteristics of the upper structure of railway track under dynamic action [Issledovanie dinamicheskih harakteristik verhnego stroenija zheleznodorozhnogo puti pri dinamicheskom vozdejstvii].Nauka i tehnika transporta, 2013, Iss.4, pp.58-64. 9.Loktev, A.A., Sycheva, A.V., Vershinin, V. V.Modeling of Work of a Railway Track at the Dynamic Effects of a Wheel Pair.Proceeding of the 2014 International Conference on Theoretical Mechanics and Applied Mechanics, Venice, Italy, March 15-17, 2014, pp.78-81 10.Mazov, Yu.N., Loktev, A.A., Sychev, V. P.Assessment of impact of defects rolling stock wheels on the state of the railway track [Ocenka vlijanija defektov koles podvizhnogo sostava na sostojanie zheleznodorozhnogo puti].Vestnik MGSU, 2015, Iss.5, pp.54-65. 11.Balandin, D.V., Bolotnik, N.N., Pilkey, W.D.Optimal protection from impact and shock: theory and methods.Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2000, Vol.53, Iss.9, pp.237-264. 12.Schonberg, W.P., Keer, L.M., Woo, T.K.Low velocity impact of transversely isotropic beams and plates.International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1987, Vol.23, pp.871-896.
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Hendren, Patricia G., and Debbie A. Niemeier. "State Transportation Expenditure Reporting." Public Works Management & Policy 5, no. 3 (January 2001): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x0153001.
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Herbstritt, Robert L., and Anne D. Marble. "Current State of Biodiversity Impact Analysis in State Transportation Agencies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1559, no. 1 (January 1996): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155900108.
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Because transportation projects have the potential to affect local and regional biodiversity, it is likely that the evaluation of impacts on biodiversity will become an increasingly important issue in the planning process. Transportation Research Board's Task Force on Natural Resources conducted a survey of state transportation agencies in early 1995. Its intention was to determine the current state of biodiversity analysis in the transportation community, the extent to which biodiversity is becoming an emerging issue for state departments of transportation, and how the issue is being managed.
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Goetz, Andrew R., Joseph S. Szyliowicz, Timothy M. Vowles, and G. Stephen Taylor. "Assessing intermodal transportation planning at state departments of transportation." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 1, no. 2 (2007): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2007.013947.
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Gobbato, S. "Italy ∙ Ten Years of State Beach Concessions in Italy." European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 13, no. 1 (2018): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2018/1/11.
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Martinelli, Alberto. "Italy : Weak State, Strong Society." Tocqueville Review 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.22.1.105.
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The first constitution of the Italian nation state was the Statuto Albertino granted by Carlo Alberto in 1848 on the wave of democratic reforms in Europe to his kingdom of Piedmont, and later extended to all of Italy after the independence war of 1859-60. The Statuto provided for a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary* democracy. It recognized fundamental rights of citizens. But it was authoritarian with respect to the powers of the head of the state and it did not prevent the Fascist dictatorship in the period between the two world wars.
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Bellini, Carlo, Laura Costanza De Angelis, Maurizio Gente, Roberto Bellù, Diego Minghetti, Paolo Massirio, Chiara Andreato, Fabio Mosca, and Luca A. Ramenghi. "Neonatal Air Medical Transportation Practices in Italy: A Nationwide Survey." Air Medical Journal 40, no. 4 (July 2021): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.015.
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Wentzel, Sigrid Irene. "State of Uncertainty." Transfers 10, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2020): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.10020313.
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Abstract In July 2019, the village of Nizhniy Bestyakh in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), the Russian Far East, was finally able to celebrate the opening of an eagerly awaited railroad passenger connection. Through analysis of rich ethnographic data, this article explores the “state of uncertainty” caused by repeated delays in construction of the railroad prior to this and focuses on the effect of these delays on students of a local transportation college. This college prepares young people for railroad jobs and careers, promising a steady income and a place in the Republic's wider modernization project. The research also reveals how the state of uncertainty led to unforeseen consequences, such as the seeding of doubt among students about their desire to be a part of the Republic's industrialization drive.
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Wentzel, Sigrid Irene. "State of Uncertainty." Transfers 10, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2020): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.1002313.
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Abstract In July 2019, the village of Nizhniy Bestyakh in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), the Russian Far East, was finally able to celebrate the opening of an eagerly awaited railroad passenger connection. Through analysis of rich ethnographic data, this article explores the “state of uncertainty” caused by repeated delays in construction of the railroad prior to this and focuses on the effect of these delays on students of a local transportation college. This college prepares young people for railroad jobs and careers, promising a steady income and a place in the Republic's wider modernization project. The research also reveals how the state of uncertainty led to unforeseen consequences, such as the seeding of doubt among students about their desire to be a part of the Republic's industrialization drive.
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Schank, Joshua, and Paul Lewis. "Federal Role in State Transportation Finance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2345, no. 1 (January 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2345-02.
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The federal contribution to surface transportation funding has stagnated, and this situation is likely to continue or worsen as a result of continuing fiscal and political problems. The federal government remains the biggest single contributor to transportation capital investment on federal-aid projects, and stagnation or cuts will have a substantial impact on cities, states, and the entire country. Because of their own challenges with respect to raising revenue for transportation, federal grantees may not be able to replace lost federal funds. Therefore, new ways for the federal government to incentivize existing grantees to develop new sources of revenue must be considered. This issue was approached by first analyzing the existing programs the federal government had in place that were intended to leverage or permit additional revenue sources. These programs included the Transportation Investment Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), private activity bonds, grant anticipation revenue vehicles, tolling pilot programs, and discretionary grant programs. The analysis demonstrated that some of these programs, particularly TIFIA and the discretionary grant programs, leveraged substantial revenues, but they were all limited in their ability to leverage additional funding by a lack of incentives as well as regulatory barriers. Then implementation of these incentives and what types of revenue should be incentivized were explored. Options were examined from a political, national, and revenue-generating perspective to understand their relative trade-offs better.
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Pulipati, Sasanka Bhushan, Stephen P. Mattingly, and Colleen Casey. "Evaluating state level transportation revenue alternatives." Case Studies on Transport Policy 5, no. 3 (September 2017): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2017.06.002.
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Miller, John S. "Evaluating State Multimodal Transportation Policy Responses." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 138, no. 2 (June 2012): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000106.
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Dunston, Phillip S., John A. Gambatese, and James F. McManus. "Assessing State Transportation Agency Constructability Implementation." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131, no. 5 (May 2005): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2005)131:5(569).
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H. Turky, Ahmed, and Hamad M. Nasif. "Transportation Sciences in Bani Hammad State." Al-Anbar University Journal For Humanities 2021, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 3292–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.37653/juah.2021.171458.
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Curwen, Peter. "Privatization, the Italian state and the state of Italy." International Review of Administrative Sciences 59, no. 3 (September 1993): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239305900306.
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JOUVENAL, Daniela. "Church and State in Italy 1993." European Journal for Church and State Research - Revue européenne des relations Églises-État 1 (January 1, 1994): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ejcs.1.0.2002901.
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JOUVENAL, Daniela. "Church and State in Italy 1994." European Journal for Church and State Research - Revue européenne des relations Églises-État 2 (January 1, 1995): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ejcs.2.0.2002880.
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JOUVENAL, Daniela. "Church and State in Italy 1995." European Journal for Church and State Research - Revue européenne des relations Églises-État 3 (January 1, 1996): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ejcs.3.0.2002857.
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Homer, Michael W. "Separating Church and State in Italy." Nova Religio 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2019.23.2.64.
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In 1852 King Victor Emmanuel’s ministers proposed legislation to recognize civil marriages in the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont). This proposal was opposed by Pope Pius IX and other Catholic apologists who argued that it would result in undermining the official status of the Catholic Church and one of the church’s sacraments. Even worse it would mean that Jewish and Protestant marriages would be recognized. This legislation coincided with Mormon missionaries proselytizing in Torino and the public announcement that the church practiced polygamy. Catholic opponents of this legislation argued that even Mormon polygamous marriages would be recognized if the legislation passed. During fierce debates that took place Catholic apologists also claimed that Mormons formed alliances with other Protestant “sects” to push through the civil marriage litigation. The specter of Mormon plural marriages in a civil marriage system continued to be mentioned until civil marriages were finally recognized in 1865.
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Ceccarini, Maria Rachele, Mariapia Viola Magni, Michele Maffia, and Tommaso Beccari. "Current state of biotechnology in Italy." Journal of Biotechnology 185 (September 2014): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.055.
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Pucci, Paola, Bruna Vendemmia, and Reyhaneh Akhond. "Who are long distance commuters in Italy? Profiling LDC in Milan Urban Region." Travel Behaviour and Society 28 (July 2022): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.04.012.
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Carlucci, Fabio. "Short Sea Shipping: Evidence from Campania, Southern Italy." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 88 (September 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.88.1.
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Background: The urban transport systems of coastal cities are conditioned by the limitations placed by their coastal position on the expansion of radial networks. However, while the water around them compresses terrestrial routes, it simultaneously creates space for alternative transport systems to support urban and metropolitan mobility. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing new navigation lines to support certain coastal locations in the gulfs of Naples and Salerno in Campania (Italy) which, due to their nature, are particularly suitable for the movement of the huge tourist flows that affect the area under analysis. Methods: This study expands upon specific previous and ongoing experiences, clarifying their strengths and weaknesses, identifying the basic characteristics of hypothesized fast maritime lines, and drawing conclusions about their technical and economic feasibility. Results: Based on the level of detail available to the present study, the hypothesized service does not seem to offer complete economic-financial sustainability. The primary shortcoming lies in the resources needed to adapt technical structures and to support businesses during the initial phase of the project. Conclusions: The feasibility of new transport services depends on the extent to which existing traffic can be subtracted the modes of transport already in operation. In the absence of public subsidies, the speed, frequency, regularity and safety of such transport are crucial.
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Kim, Amy A., Hessam Sadatsafavi, Stuart D. Anderson, and Peter Bishop. "Preparing for the Future of Transportation Construction: Strategies for State Transportation Agencies." Journal of Management in Engineering 33, no. 3 (May 2017): 04016045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000494.
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