Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transportation and state – Europe

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Transportation and state – Europe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Article, Editorial. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN CHINA AND EUROPE." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-2-30.

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[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Russian Railways, Chinese Railways, Belarusian Railway, Deutsche Bahn, the National Company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, Ulaanbataar Railway and Polskie Koleje Państwowe SA (Polish State Railways, Inc.) signed in April 2017 a multilateral agreement to deepen cooperation on the organisation of container trains between China and Europe. Based on releases of press service of JSC Russian Railways.
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Ainsalu, Jaagup, Ville Arffman, Mauro Bellone, Maximilian Ellner, Taina Haapamäki, Noora Haavisto, Ebba Josefson, et al. "State of the Art of Automated Buses." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093118.

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Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.
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KARBOVSKA, Liubov, Anna BRATUS, Olena LOZHACHEVSKA, Ekaterina ZHELEZNIAK, and Tamara NAVROTSKA. "State and Trends of the Road Goods Transportation Field Development in Ukraine." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).04.

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The advantages of using motor transport for transportation of goods are substantiated. On the basis of an analysis of the indicators of the volume of transported goods and the turnover of goods of motor transport in a number of countries of Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Poland, Finland, France, the Czech Republic, Sweden), reduction of activity in the field of road transportation of goods in 2013 − 2014 and its activation in 2015-2016 are established; in addition, the influence of such negative environmental factors on the activity of road transportation of goods as reduction of the trade turnover of these countries with Russia as a result of the EU sanctions, increasing competition in the road transportation market, and the strengthening of the EU requirements for rolling stock and social guarantees for transportation workers was identified. The statistical data on the volume of transported goods and goods turnover of motor and all types of transport during 2012 − 2017 in Ukraine was explored, and a number of problems were identified that hinder the development of this sphere of activity, the main of which are: low quality of transport infrastructure and, above all, unsatisfactory conditions of road communication lines and corruption in the road construction sector, resulting from inefficient management of the field of activity; low level of safety control as far as road traffic and environmental protection are concerned; environmental pollution by road transport with emissions of harmful gases and transport noise, etc. The basic areas of the development of the sphere of road transportations of goods and of the network of highways are determined.
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Savchuk, I. "THE INFLUENCE OF GEOPOLITICS ON THE INTERNATIONAL RAIL SERVICE OF UKRAINE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 2 (39) (2018): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2018.39.52-54.

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Geopolitics directly affects the state and level of development of the international railway communication of Ukraine. The evidence of this is the political and military events of recent years, which have led to fundamental changes in the direction and structure of passenger transportation in the international railway communication of the state. Thus, Ukrzaliznytsya is to direct its efforts to use the advantageous transport and geographical position of the state in Europe to ensure the growth of exports of services on railway passenger transportation. Keywords: geopolitics, railway communication, passenger transport.
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Lambert, Andrew D. "Book Review: Navies and Nations: Warships, Navies and State Building in Europe and America, 1500–1860." International Journal of Maritime History 8, no. 2 (December 1996): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149600800215.

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Mindur, Leszek, Katarzyna Turoń, and Grzegorz Sierpiński. "Car-sharing development – current state and perspective." Logistics and Transport 39, no. 3 (2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-3-39-1-18.

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The article presents the development of urban car-sharing systems. In recent years, we have observed substantial increase in the number of such systems implemented all over the world. The number of users has also been rapidly growing which translates into the impact car-sharing services have on transportation behaviour. Additionally, the process contributes to changes of the modal split. The analysis presented covers systems in operation in Europe, Asia and North America. The article is divided into two parts. The first one presents historical development of car-sharing systems, whereas the second, prospects for their development in 2020-2025.
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Plehwe, Dieter. "Eurologistik, » Europäische« Verkehrspolitik und die Entwicklung eines transnationalen (Güter-) Transportsystems." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, no. 107 (June 1, 1997): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i107.880.

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The paper discusses the transformation of national transport systems in Europe into a transnational European system. While the modern transportation revolution is frequently cited as independent variable to support the globalization thesis, the way transport systems function is by and !arge ignored. Examining the transport system as dependent variable allows to show that global internalization is strongly restricted because of political and economic reasons. The market radical however pragmatic approach of neoliberal govemments in Europe has expanded mechanisms of market and state regulations of transportation at the European level both to meet of competing centers of the triad and the demands of !arge industrial and trading companies in search of logistical rationalization strategies.
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Kurhan, Mykola, and Dmytro Kurhan. "Problems of providing international railway transport." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823001007.

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Due to its geographic location and developed transport infrastructure, Ukraine has a significant potential in the development of cargo transportation, primarily in international traffic, in particular as a transistor country in the logistics chain of trade between Asia and Europe. The possibilities of railway transport for the organization of transportation between the countries of the European Union and Ukraine are not used to the full extent, since there is a number of technical reasons of the transport systems incompatibility between Ukraine and European countries. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to study prospects of the European and domestic system of international railway transportations, the experience of creating, operating and optimizing these systems. To compare the above mentioned options, the authors developed a model for predicting and assessing the efficiency of railway transport from the border of one state to the border of the other one.
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Guliyev, I. "Oil Transport Networks in Europe." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-68-72.

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The author examines the problems and prospects of crude oil and petroleum products transportation market on the European continent. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of the planned pipeline routes and new supplies of oil and petroleum products. European Union countries have large reserves of hydrocarbons, but it is not enough to fully satisfy domestic consumption. Improved pipeline infrastructure both within the EU and oil pipelines from other countries is an important economic and social factor. Recent developments of this year especially emphasize the importance of strengthening the energy security in the foreign policy of the state. For transporting fuel energy in Europe used the following types of transport: marine (sea and river), truck, railway, and pipeline. It seems necessary to mention the fact that the role of pipeline transport is particularly high in the oil and gas industry. Pipeline transport has an important impact on the formation and developmen t of the fuel and energy complex of the state, as well as regions, as its integral part. An effective system of crude oil and petroleum products pipelines is an important tool for the implementation of public policies, policies at the EU level, allowing the country to regulate the supply of crude oil and petroleum products to the overseas and domestic markets.
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Kirby, A. M. "High-Level Nuclear Waste Transportation: Political Implications of the Weakest Link in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 6, no. 3 (September 1988): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c060311.

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By focusing primarily on the USA but also drawing upon examples from Europe and Australia, the author examines the technical, political, and constitutional issues which surround the question of high-level nuclear waste transportation. It is revealed that there are major questions of safety and public perception which are not being addressed by state institutions, and there is a discussion of the ways in which state and professional actors have attempted to limit the political discourse on these and related policy-relevant issues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Parhizkar, Omid. "Identifying Impact Factors on Successful Exporting of the United States Hardwood Industries to Mexico, Asia, and Europe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26560.

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Transportation and competitiveness practices of hardwood lumber exporters and other firms were studied and compared to determine the most important factors associated with exporting hardwood products. It was found that exporters differed significantly in their transportation methods, marketing activities, and production profiles from those other hardwood lumber firms. They also were significantly larger than expected in their total production and employment. As the forest products business continues to become more global, an analysis of the importance of these factors can be used how firms can begin exporting, or increase sales in international markets. It was found that certain elements of a sawmillâ s marketing strategy are a major determinant to the likelihood of its being an exporter. Results from logistic regression methods showed that transportation factors such as using intermodal transportation and inland port facilities and competitiveness factors such as species selection, marketing practices, and using government export assistance programs increased the probability of a firmâ s high involvement in international markets. Finally, data from exporting hardwood sawmills to Mexico, Europe, and Asia were analyzed to determine what makes successful exporting to these markets. Factors including export distribution methods, relationship with export distribution partner, competitiveness, transportation, and export assistance were analyzed. Such information might be useful for government agencies that wish to promote business commitment to sawmills throughout the United States for the following international markets. Hardwood sawmills should be encouraged by state officials to plan more aggressively to enter the Mexico market. Efforts are needed from U.S. trade associations to better identify the Mexican market segments, sources of market demand, and credit opportunities for US sawmills.
Ph. D.
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Silva, Júnior Sílvio Barbosa da. "Atuação recente do estado brasileiro em planejamento de transportes sob a perspectiva do ordenamento territorial." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15966.

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The territory serves as an indicator of the quality in which the State manages land use. Based on the concepts of planning, spatial planning and transportation planning, seen from the perspective of the State action, and understanding the transport networks as a key element in the organization of the territory, we described the importance of transport in the Brazilian historical and spatial constitution. Considering elements and characteristics of the Brazilian territory at the beginning of the 21th century, as well as transport networks data, public policies and State institutions responsible for its management, we aimed at describing and understanding the recent performance of the Brazilian State in transport planning from the perspective of spatial planning. As a point of comparison, we studied European transport policies, as well as its recent performance, particularly the Portuguese case, enabling us to trace points of convergence and divergence in relation to the Brazilian case.
O mote para esta tese é a constatação de que o território serve de indicador da qualidade da gestão que sobre ele é empreendida. Partindo dos conceitos de território, o ordenamento territorial e o planejamento de transportes, vistos sob a ótica da ação do estatal, e entendendo as redes de transportes como elemento fundamental na organização do território, buscou-se reconstituir a importância dos transportes na formação sócio-espacial brasileira. Com base em elementos e características do território brasileiro neste início do século XXI, bem como dados das redes de transportes, das políticas de Estado e das instituições responsáveis por sua gestão, objetivou-se descrever e compreender a atuação recente do Estado brasileiro em planejamento de transportes sob a ótica do ordenamento do território. Como ponto de comparação, foram estudadas as políticas europeias de transportes, bem como sua atuação recente, particularmente o caso português, permitindo traçar pontos de convergência e divergência em relação ao caso brasileiro.
Doutor em Geografia
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Huon, Christian. "La responsabilité des fabricants de materiel aeronautique en Europe /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60697.

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Product liability is now regulated by a specific regime. But to be quite honest, it must be admitted that aircraft manufacturers are in a scarcely enviable position now. They produce equipment which is not only increasingly costly and efficient but which may have a useful life of up to thirty years or more. Then, there is a risk that the insurance market will be not available or at least sufficient. Consequently, the establishment of a special system concerning exceptionally serious accidents and a common fund are necessary.
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Holderbach, Hans. "The air transport relations between the European Union and the United States /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21684.

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Air Transport relations between the European Union and the United States were nonexistent until the European Commission obtained in 1996 from the member states a limited mandate to negotiate an air transport agreement with the US. For the Commission, the achievement of an EU internal market with full competition among European airlines under equal conditions is impeded by individual member states' bilateral relations with the US. It requested a complete mandate to replace the multitude of bilaterals with a Community wide agreement. Member states fear that Community negotiations will not reflect the different needs of their national airlines. They believe that their interests are best met through individual bilateral agreements and refused the Commission the right to negotiate the commercially important market access rights: routes, capacity and frequency. Even though the US is willing to consider an agreement with the EU it still pursues bilateral liberalisation through Open Skies agreements as they are more advantageous to its interests. For EU and US airlines an agreement on the EU - US level is not a priority as their needs are being met through their strategic codesharing alliances.
This thesis studies the legal rules affecting the EU - US relations and analyses to what extent these rules are shaped by political and economic interests. Special attention is paid to the convergence and divergence of the parties' legal regimes and policies, and to the prospects for an agreement on the essential issues of a complete bilateral agreement between the US and the EU.
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Lee, Sin-yee Cindy. "Developing a sustainable transport system in Hong Kong : the nature and impacts of planning and policy constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906602.

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Perkins, Judy Annette. "Institutionalizing transportation infrastructure investments and economic development : the role of State Departments of Transportation in multi-state economic development activities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32808.

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Fung, Tse-hing Winnie. "Transport in world cities : how does Hong Kong perform? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339147.

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Sonntag, Isabelle. "La concurrence et le transport aerien en Europe /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60648.

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The treaty of Rome signed in 1957 creating the European Community establishes a common market and this market has to be done by 1993 upon the European Single Act of 1986. Airlines must be governed by the dispositions of the treaty.
For a long time, this had not been affirmed, but the European Court of Justice said in 1974 that the general rules of the treaty apply to the air transport sector and precised this decision in the "Nouvelles Frontieres" case of 1986.
Those decisions were a first step towards liberalization and the Council and the Commission of the Community followed the court and adopted measures to liberalize the sector in the first air transport package in December 1987. These decisions and measures are problematic because there are quiet about the external relations of EEC member states with third countries.
The "Saeed" case of 1989 brings a solution, but the second air transport package of July 1990 still stays too quiet about it whereas it liberalises the air transport further. This should be resolved in the third package in 1993.
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Bönnighausen, Claas, and Riku Assämäki. "Extended logistics and insurance by an innovation for the road transportation sector : A logistical insurance case study within Datachassi AB Europe /Germany." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10306.

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Lo, Sze-yuen Henri. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595157.

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Books on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Gerondeau, Christian. Transport in Europe. Boston: Artech House, 1997.

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Włodzimierz, Januszkiewicz, ed. Common Europe: Opportunities and risks for transport. Warszawa: Państ. Wydawn. Ekonomiczne, 1995.

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European Conference of Ministers of Transport., ed. Report on the current state of combined transport in Europe. Paris: ECMT, 1998.

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Bernadet, Maurice. L' Europe des transports routiers: Institutions-textes-perspectives. Paris: Celse, 1989.

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Michel, Beuthe, and Nijkamp Peter, eds. New contributions to transportation analysis in Europe. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.

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B, Polak J., Heertje Arnold 1934-, and European Conference of Ministers of Transport., eds. European transport economics. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell, 1993.

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Ilan, Salomon, Bovy, Piet H. L., 1943-, and Orfeuil Jean-Pierre, eds. A Billion trips a day: Tradition and transition in European travel patterns. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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David, Banister, ed. European transport policy and sustainable mobility. London: Spon Press, 2000.

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Frerich, Johannes. Europäische Verkehrspolitik: Von den Anfängen bis zur Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union. München: Oldenbourg, 2004.

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Farrell, Sheila. Financing European transport infrastructure: Policies and practice in Western Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Khairullina, Elvira, and Luis Santos y Ganges. "Transportation and Urban Planning Under State Socialism." In European Planning History in the 20th Century, 163–74. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271666-17.

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Fisher, Ronald C. "Transportation." In State and Local Public Finance, 450–81. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003030645-23.

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Silberston, Aubrey, and Christopher P. Raymond. "Transportation." In The Changing Industrial Map of Europe, 101–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24357-0_6.

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Renner, Michael. "Supporting Sustainable Transportation." In State of the World, 177–94. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-756-8_15.

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Dussutour, Isabelle. "Transportation Services in Europe." In The Engineering Handbook of Smart Technology for Aging, Disability, and Independence, 535–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470379424.ch28.

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Nicolin, Curt. "Future Goods Transport in Europe." In Transportation for the Future, 13–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74866-0_2.

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de Witte, Floris. "The State of Europe." In re:generation Europe, 9–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19788-9_2.

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McCambridge, J. A. "Integrating Poland’s Needs and Organizational Capabilities: Quality Management’s Contribution to Infrastructure Redevelopment in Eastern Europe." In Transportation Infrastructure, 371–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61092-9_33.

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St. Seidenfus, Hellmuth. "The Future of Truck Transportation in Europe." In Transportation for the Future, 181–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74866-0_11.

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Cowie, Leonard W. "Church and State." In Eighteenth-Century Europe, 16–28. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10235-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Cely, Alexandra, Morten Hammer, Hilde Andersen, Tao Yang, Petter Nekså, and Øivind Wilhelmsen. "Thermodynamic Model Evaluations for Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209626-ms.

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Abstract Equations of state and transport property models for hydrogen and hydrogen mixed with natural gas components relevant for pipeline transport have been evaluated by comparing to experimental data and reference equations of state. The evaluated properties are density, speed of sound, Joule-Thompson coefficient, the isobaric and isochoric heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. A temperature span of −10 to 50 °C and a pressure span of 1-300 bara has been set as the target range for pipeline transport. Viscosity and thermal conductivity models have been evaluated for binaries where experimental data are available. The goal of this work was to determine if models already available in commercial simulators can predict fluid properties accurate enough for engineering purposes. The classical cubic equations of state of Soave-Redich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) with van der Waals mixing rules have been tested with parameters extracted from the common commercial simulations tools Hysys, Unisim, PVTsim Nova and Multifash. In general, the different parameter sets give similar performance. One exception is the H2-CH4 binary, where both Unisim and Multifash use a non-optimal kij interaction parameter. Neither the SRK, nor PR can describe the Joule-Thompson coefficient of hydrogen, and the error lies in the range 50%-100%. The Joule-Thompson coefficient is however small, and the effect of this misprediction on pipeline simulations might not be significant. For viscosity and thermal conductivity predictions, the SuperTRAPP model in REFPROP 10 as well as simpler viscosity models LGE, LBC and a corresponding-state-principle model of PVTsim Nova have been evaluated. The SuperTRAPP model in REFPROP 10 was found to predict viscosity and thermal conductivity within a reasonable accuracy for pure hydrogen. The simpler viscosity models LGE and LBC overestimate the viscosity of hydrogen by 65% to 90% in the transport domain of interest. For the hydrogen binary systems studied, the SuperTRAPP model for the thermal conductivity and viscosity had errors around 20% at high pressures. Comparing corresponding-state-principle viscosity models with the SuperTRAPP model gave relative deviations in the range 3.9% to 13%. The SRK equation of state is found to perform better than the PR equation of state, with a relative density error below 1% for hydrogen rich systems. A TIBCO Spotfire® visualization dashboard has been developed for easy access to the evaluation results of the large amount of data and thermodynamic models. A steady-state thermohydraulic analysis for Europipe (Norway to Europe) has been performed to evaluate the effect that using different equations of state and viscosity models have on the thermohydraulic estimations. After a review of the thermodynamic model's performance, clear guidance on model selection for hydrogen transportation is provided.
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Allaix, Diego Lorenzo, Agnieszka Bigaj-van Vliet, and Benjamin Cerar. "Review of the current state of standardisation on monitoring, data-informed safety assessment and decision-making regarding maintenance of the transport infrastructure." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1309.

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<p>Road and railway infrastructure networks form the backbone of European transportation systems, carrying more than 80% of passenger and 50% of goods transport in Europe. Bridges and tunnels which are critical elements of the transport infrastructure networks, have in many cases reached their design service life and keep ageing, with the maintenance needs constantly increasing. Besides, transport infrastructure currently carry significantly more traffic loads than what it has been originally designed for and the topology of traffic keeps changing e.g. due to introduction of platooning or autonomous vehicles. Such conditions bring safety risks to bridges and tunnels. In the last two decades there have been nearly 30 major failures of road and railway bridges and tunnels in Europe, with hundreds of people killed and injured. At the same time, resources and capacity for conservation and care are too limited and should be used in an optimised way to counteract the growing backlog of maintenance. There is a strong conviction that use of novel technologies for condition survey may aid the task of managing the safety risks to transport infrastructure. Despite increasing amount of good practise, uniform approach to data-informed safety and risk assessment, and maintenance decision-making is however missing.</p><p>This contribution presents the review of the current state of standardisation on monitoring, data- informed safety assessment and maintenance policies of bridges and tunnels in the European countries. This forms an essential step in the development and implementation of harmonised standards across Europe, which is believed to be a key strategy to increase the safety level of the transport infrastructure.</p>
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Vujošević, Nina. "ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN MONTENEGRO." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0001.

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The average stock of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) assets in Montenegro accounts for almost 100 percent of the GDP. SOEs in Montenegro are concentrated in natural monopoly sectors such as energy, transportation, water supply, waste management, and tourism. A SOEs employment footprint in Montenegro accounts for almost 10 percent of total employment which is rather high and similar to some other South-East Europe developing economies. The objective of this research is to analyze fiscal risks stemming from the 20 largest out of 45 central-government-owned SOEs and to show whether SOEs’ corporate governance weaknesses are at the root of the arising fiscal risks. The methodology used in the research, first includes the OECD corporate governance criteria implementation to measure the stance of corporate governance of 20 analyzed SOEs. The second step of the research methodology is about carrying out a financial ratio analysis to identify fiscal risks stemming from SOEs and confirm whether the fiscal risks are increasing if SOEs’ corporate governance is weak. Assessing fiscal risks for the selected group of SOEs is based on the IMF methodology that defines a threshold to assess whether the financial performance of SOEs leads to fiscal risks. Although having a prominent role in the Montenegrin economy, weaknesses in SOEs’ corporate governance reflected in inefficiencies in their management impose substantial financial and fiscal costs. Looking a few years backward, the economic performance of SOEs varies across sectors from profitable SOEs in the energy sector to loss-making enterprises in transportation.
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Lautala, Pasi T., Rosa´rio Ma´ca´rio, Jo¨rn Pachl, J. Riley Edwards, and William J. Sproule. "Developing Railway Higher Education in the European Union and United States." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36025.

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Congestion, emissions generated by transportation, increasing fuel costs and expanding demand for mobility have revived the interest for modern rail transportation throughout the world. Simultaneously, expansion of global trade and increasing demands for technology to improve the safety and productivity of the industry are creating a new environment that requires a different way of thinking when developing railway systems. Overall, the authors believe that current changes provide a fertile ground for institutions of higher education in the United States and the European Union (EU) to increase their transatlantic cooperation in education and research. Recent studies related to railway higher education have been undertaken in Europe and the United States. The European Rail Research Network of Excellence (EURNEX) conducted a study to develop and organize educational and training activities in participating higher education institutions. In Germany, a comprehensive inventory was conducted to define the current level of rail transportation activities in higher education institutions. In the United States, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) conducted a study to determine the type and extent of rail education currently offered on campuses. In addition, a benchmarking study was performed by Michigan Tech University to investigate rail education and recruitment at universities with the objective to define the quantitative and qualitative demands for rail engineers by industry employers. This paper presents a synopsis of these past studies and introduces an on-going “TUNRail” project to “tune” and intensify the railway higher education knowledge exchange and collaboration between the EU and the United States.
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Leon Bello, Jorge, and Emilio Gonzalez Viosca. "CARONTE project: Creating an Agenda for Research on Transportation Security." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3272.

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Europe’s prosperity relies on effective transport systems. Any attacks and disturbances to land freight and passenger transport would have significant impact on economic growth, territorial cohesion, social development and the environment. Unfortunately, there are weaknesses in the land transport security.The objective of CARONTE project is define a future research agenda for security in land transport that focuses on core gaps caused by emerging risks while avoiding any doubling-up of research elsewhere. Its research agenda will cover all threats, including cyber-crime, and security aspects across all modes of land transportation. At the same time, it will respect the fundamental human rights and privacy of European citizens. The step-by-step method of CARONTE’s consortium has analyzed the state of the art and emerging risks; has identified gaps, analyses and assessments of potential solutions; and has produced an overall research agenda for the future. CARONTE’s results will answer the following questions among others: Which existing research projects merit a follow up and extension?Where are the combinations or synergy effects to be attended?Which themes and topics should be elaborated in new research projects?Who should be involved and integrated in future research projects (stakeholders, authorities, etc.)? The CARONTE consortium includes universities and research institutes, companies, and end-users providing with experience in research and consultancy in transportation, logistics, infrastructure management, security and communications. ITENE - Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística- has been one of the Project partners among a total of 11 members from eight different countries in the European Union which have also been supported via a High Level Advisory Board.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3272
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Shwaish, Ibraheem K., Jayathi Y. Murthy, Cristina H. Amon, and Diep Bains. "Performance Evaluation of Serrated Plate Fins for Under-Carriage Electronics Cooling in Transportation Application." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24391.

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Abstract Serrated plate fins are commonly used in the cooling of under carriage electronics in people movers and other rail transportation systems. Here, a bank of electronic equipment consisting of diods, IGBT’s, and other power and control devices reside in an electronics box attached to the under-carriage. Plate fin heat sinks are typically attached to underside and along the sides of the box; typically flow through the heat sink is regulated by enclosing the sink in a channel with an open inlet and outlet for the flow. The heat sink is shown in Fig. 1. Even though water is used for cooling in Europe, the primary cooling fluid in the United State is forced air supplied by a blower and/or by the train motion. The problem is unsteady because of the train starts and stops, changing the load on the electronics and resulting in changes in the power dissipation.
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Eppich, B., and H. Weber. "Beam Quality Characteristics of Solid State Lasers." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwi2.

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The output of high average power lasers, especially solid state lasers, constists of many coherent modes, fluctuating in time and space. Easily to detect is only the time averaged intensity J(x,y) = <E(x,y) E*(x,y)>. With knowlodge of J(x,y) alone it is not possible to predict the propagation of such beams. On the other hand for beam transportation and beam application at least the transverse beam diameter is required. In a first approach the diameter and its propagation through ABCD-optics can be calculated from the 10 second order moments of the beam But for all technical applications the power content values are of major interest, and there is no close relation to the second order moments.
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Tsai, Tom. "Tram-Train: Mixed Use of Rail Corridors." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33252.

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One of the new forms of suburban rail services is the joint operation of light and conventional rail equipment on existing rail infrastructure. Beginning with the conversion of the light rail system in Karlsruhe, Germany, several cities in Europe and United States have found the advantage of using light rail vehicles to extend rail service from city center to suburbia via existing conventional railroad irresistible. This seamless mode of transportation offers the most attractive and cost-effective rail system to move a large number of people through the metropolitan area. Using the lessons learned from Europe and America, this paper describes the technical issues involved and its benefits for adoption by transportation planners of this emerging trend.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Northern Sea Route: Modern State and Challenges." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23626.

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It is well-known that navigating the waterway from the primary trade hubs in northern Europe to the Asia-Pacific ports and contrariwise along the Russian Arctic Coast (Northern Sea Route - NSR) is much shorter and faster, than southern ways via Suez or around Africa. The NSR can significantly save costs (through saving time and fuel) and avoids the risk of attack by pirates. In addition, an increase in oil and gas activity in the North, forecasts of global warming and an ice-free Arctic have stimulated interest in Arctic navigation. However, Arctic transportation poses significant challenges because of the heavy ice conditions that exist during both the winter and summer. The profitability of using the NSR is called into question if possible high tariffs are included in the cost estimates. For many years, the NSR was principally used for internal Russian transport and since the end of the 1980s up until 2010, it was in stagnation with total amount of cargo transported annually stood at less than two million tons. Important political decisions in the 90s and increased economic feasibility intensified traffic and freight turnover. In 2013, the NSR Administration (NSRA) was established, new rules for navigation were approved and tariff policies were modified. In 2013, the NSRA issued 635 permits to sail in NSR waters, and 71 transit voyages have since been completed. The total amount of transit cargo was 1.36 million tons. More than 40% of the total number of permits were issued to vessels without ice class [1] according to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping [2]. There are strong technical requirements for vessels attempting to sail the NSR; regardless, several accidents occurred in 2012–2013. Two vessels were dented by ice in the Chukchi Sea in 2012. A tanker was holed in September 2013 and created a real danger of an ecological disaster from fuel leakage for several days. Despite the expectation of an ice-free Arctic, the ice conditions in 2013 were rather difficult, and the Vilkitsky Strait (a key strait in the NSR between the Kara and Laptev seas) was closed by ice for almost the entire navigation period. In this paper, we review the current situation in the Russian Arctic, including political and administrative actions, recent accidents and the associated conditions and lessons learned.
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Cazes, Christophe, and François Ronin. "Use of HSS, VHSS and UHSS Steels in the Body in White: A Panorama of the Latest European Vehicles, State of Art and Perspectives." In International Body Engineering Conference & Exhibition and Automotive & Transportation Technology Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2049.

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Reports on the topic "Transportation and state – Europe"

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Wandeler, Christian, and Steve Hart. The Fresno State Transportation Challenge. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1955.

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Wandeler, Christian, and Steve Hunt. The Fresno State Transportation Challenge. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2009.

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The Fresno State Transportation Challenge uses an action civics approach to support K-12 students in developing transportation-related projects that have a positive impact on the community. In 2020 the goal was to expand, refine, and create structures to sustain the implementation of the Transportation Challenge across subsequent years. As a result of the COVID pandemic, the process and goals of the project were adapted. The project was extended into April 2021 and was entirely conducted through remote participation. The focus was on two high schools. The expansion into the high school age bracket was successful and the experience with these two projects will allow for easier expansion in additional high schools in the future. One high school focused on the topic of active mobility, specifically biking, and addressed the challenge of how to get more students to bike to school. The other high school combined the transportation challenge with an economic vitalization project. The students were asked to also develop a modern transportation concept. Both projects exposed high school students to the topic of transportation and expanded awareness of transportation careers. Students also developed important competencies in the domains of problem solving, collaboration, communication, and leadership.
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Le Fevre, Chris. The Prospects for Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel in Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781907555961.

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Razin, Assaf, and Efraim Sadka. Migration and Welfare State: Why is America Different from Europe? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20450.

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Graf, A. State-Level Workshops on Ethanol for Transportation: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006926.

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Author, Not Given. Southern State Radiological Transportation Emergency Response Training Course Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6367899.

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Lewis, Rebecca, and Rob Zako. Assessing State Efforts to Integrate Transportation, Land Use and Climate. Portland State University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.162.

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Saricks, C. L., and M. M. Tompkins. State-level accident rates of surface freight transportation : a reexamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12051.

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Vilardo, F. J., E. L. Mitter, J. A. Palmer, H. C. Briggs, and J. Fesenmaier. Survey of state and tribal emergency response capabilities for radiological transportation incidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6957130.

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Perelli-Harris, Brienna, and Nora E. Sánchez Gassen. The reciprocal relationship between the state and union formation across Western Europe: policy dimensions and theoretical considerations. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2010-034.

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