Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport/transfert de masse'
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Tedgui, Alain. "Étude du transport de masse dans la paroi artérielle." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120018.
Full textAmiroudine, Sakir, and Jalil Ouazzani. "Modelisation numerique des phenomenes de transport de chaleur et de masse dans les fluides supercritiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22087.
Full textPollet, Benoît. "Transport-reactions dans les membranes echangeuses d'ions : extraction et transport facilites d'acides faibles, cas particulier de l'acide borique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066584.
Full textReboul, Nadège Cambou Bernard. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulaires Application à l'érosion interne /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/nreboul.pdf.
Full textIlina, Tatiana Panfilov Mikhail. "Modèles pseudo-diphasiques de transport facilité des colloïdes en milieux faiblement perméables." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_ILINA_T.pdf.
Full textRhandour, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de transport de fluorures et oxyfluorures de structures fluorine ou tysonite." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10604.
Full textFauré, Marie-Hélène. "Migration de particules et solutés en milieu poreux : modélisation du transport simultané de particules argileuses et de radionucléides sous l'effet d'un gradient de salinité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL046N.
Full textGoblet, Patrick. "Modélisation du transfert de masse et d'énergie en aquifère: des approches numériques aux applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680989.
Full textAuthelin, Jean-René. "Étude du transport de matière dans les catalyseurs à base de zéolite par la méthode chromatographique : cas d'un traceur inerte en présence et en l'absence de réaction chimique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10070.
Full textCasamatta, Gilbert Angelino Henri. "Comportement de la population des gouttes dans une colonne d'extraction transport, rupture, coalescence, transfert de matière /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000197.
Full textReboul, Nadège. "Transport de particules dans les milieux granulairesApplication à l'érosion interne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0024.
Full textInternal erosion is the phenomenon by which soil particles are entrained and washed out from an hydraulic earth structure by water seeping flows. It is one of the most widespread causes of failure of levees and embankment dams. So to guarantee security, it is crucial to locate and quantify mass transfers within granular materials. Filter criteria are employed to assess transfer properties of a granular medium. They rely on the soil grading curve which is a local characteristics of the solid material. In a same way, it has been proposed to carry out a microscopic analysis of void space where transported particles flow. Void networks in sphere packings are charaterized morphologically and topologically thanks to a Delaunay tessellation. Specific behaviours resulting from relative density changes have been studied. Several measures of pores and constrictions, smallest paths between pores, are defined, which enables us to plan to correlate void space organization and possibilities for particles to migrate within this space. This correlation assumes that particles are captured by a size exclusion mechanism : a transported particle is blocked if it encounters a constriction smaller than it. A purely geometrical model has been proposed to estimate the travel length that a particle with a given size can cover within a granular medium. Because this model was unable to take into account structural changes of the material at macroscopic scale, a new approach has been developped. It is in line with the theory of continuous media but a local void characteristics, the constriction size distribution, has been added. This improvement has been made possible because an analytical formula has been proposed to calculate the constriction size distribution from the particle size distribution. This analytical formula results from discrete numerical analyses
Parisot, Thomas. "Dépendances paramétriques expérimentales du transport des impuretés métalliques dans le tokamak Tore Supra." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11073.pdf.
Full textDuring this PhD work, a full setup of tools for an experimental investigation of impurity transport has been developed on the Tore Supra tokamak. It includes a laser blow-off system for metallic impurity injections and developments for ITC, an interpretative transport code which allows to extract the experimental impurity transport coefficients (diffusion and convection velocity). This tool has been used to perform and analyse several experiments, to evidence parametric dependences of impurity transport. In a first experiment, a confinement time law for nickel in Tore Supra has been obtained as a function of collisionality ν∗ and normalized Larmor radius ρ∗. Then the impurity charge Z role has been investigated in various conditions : ohmic regime with or without sawteeth, and sawtoothless L-mode with LH power. No Z effect is observed, consistently with theoretical predictions, whether neoclassical (NCLASS) or for turbulent transport with both non linear gyrofluid (TRB) and quasilinear gurokinetic (QuaLiKiz) simulations. An exception is found for LH heated plasmas where the confinement time seems to decrease for the heaviest impurities. This is not explained by any model available. The observed transport is close to neoclassical between sawtooth relaxations, in the centre (r < rq=1) of ohmic plasmas, turbulent outside. Without sawteeth, it is turbulent in the whole plasma, for ohmic or L mode discharges. The profile shape of the diffusion coefficient is here qualitatively different, with a stronger and deeper transition between the low diffusion central region and a more turbulent peripheral region for LH heated plasmas
Beaudoin, Anthony. "Contribution numérique à l'étude du transport de masse dans les milieux poreux saturés." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0002.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to solve transport problems by means of particles methods. Two problems are resolved with particles methods : the migration of a solute in the groundwater and the water flow in a porous medium at the pore scale. In order to solve the advection-dispersion equation in the general case of a non-isotropic dispersion, a numerical model based on the particles methods and the dispersion velocity method is presented. In order to simulate flows in porous media at low Reynolds numbers, a numerical model based on an anisotropic particles method and a boundary integral method is presented. The anisotropic particles method allows to improve the description of the boundary layer appearing around grains of the ground. The boundary integral method allows to satisfy the no-slip condition by writing a boundary integral equation on the wall of grains of the ground
Wu, Xiao. "Fabrication of 1D, 2D and 3D polymer-based periodic structures by mass transport effect." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0058/document.
Full textWe have theoretically and experimentally investigated the formation of both active and passive surface relief gratings on two kinds of photosensitive polymers: negative photoresist and azobenzene copolymer. The common mechanism of the structures formation was attributed to mass transport effect, which however pushes the materials in opposite directions in these two materials. The fabrication technique is based on the use of interference lithography, which allowed to create large and uniform structures. In the first case, 1D and 2D passive periodic surface relief structures were created on the negative photoresist SU8 thanks to the shrinkage effect during the crosslinking process. In the second case, 1D, 2D and 3D active periodic structures have been obtained thanks to the movement of DR1/PMMA copolymer materials from regions of high intensity to those of low intensity irradiation. The modulation amplitude of structures is optimized by controlling the film thickness, the structure periodicity, the exposure dosage, and the polarizations of interference laser beams. Applications of these structures for multiple wavelength DFB laser, nonlinear photonic crystals, and waveguide coupling have been discussed
Seikova, Ilona. "Mécanismes de transport et de rupture des gouttes dans une colonne Kuhni : influence du transfert de matière et application à la simulation de son fonctionnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT035G.
Full textHaddaoui, Jaouad. "Propriétés complexantes, extractantes et de transport des calix[4]arènes couronnes diamides en conformation cône vis-à-vis des cations alcalins." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/HADDAOUI_Jaouad_2004.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the study of the complexation, extraction and transport properties of the calix[4]arenes crowns in cone conformation containing two amide functions, towards alkali cations. The first part of this work relates to the synthesis of the previous products, which are new molecules. This synthesis is carried out in two steps. The first is a functionalization of a p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene by a crown ethere unit. The second is a dialkylation of two hydroxyls groups by two amide functions. In the second part, the complexation study showed that the three ligands form complexes 1: 1 (metal : ligand) with sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, whereas these three ligands form complexes 2 : 1 with the lithium. This stoechiometry was confirmed by 1H-NMR studies. These last one also highlighted that the ligands encapsulate the cations in the cavity formed by the crown and the two amide functions. The liquid-liquid extraction study of alkali metal by the three compounds showed that the presence two amide functions increases significantly the extraction of these ligands with alkali cations. The order of selectivities presented in the extraction of the alkali cations for the three ligands is :- calix[4]arene crown-4 diamide : Na+ >> Rb+ > Cs+ > Li+ >K+ - calix[4]arene crown-5 diamide : K+ > Na+ ≈ Rb+ ≈ Li+ ≈ Cs+- calix[4]arene crown-6 diamide : K+ > Rb+ ≈ Na+ > Cs+ > Li+The transport selectivity of alkali cations through a bulk liquid membrane is similar with the liquid-liquid extraction selectivity. The mass transfer coefficients obtained for the three ligands are close. The transfer through the thick liquid membrane is a diffusionnal mode. The last aim of this work is the association of membrane liquid extraction (hollow fibers contactor) and previously studied macrocycles. The feasibility of this system is checked for the extraction of alkali metals with the dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as extractant. The mass transfer coefficients of alkali cation are calculated by performing an unsteady state balance and compared with values obtained by the resistances-in-series model and by a steady state model. Then, the system is applied to the calix[4]arene crown-5 diamide. The comparison between the ligands showed the role of the complex molar volume on the mass transfer
Abadie, Thomas. "Détection électrochimique de gradients de concentration ou de gouttes générés à l'intérieur d'un canal microfluidique : approche théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066643/document.
Full textElectrochemistry enables the implementation of relevant and appropriate detection techniques to the miniaturization constraints imposed by the design of labs-on-a-chip. The aim of this thesis was to study the detection of electroactive species flowing within microfluidic channels under the form of concentration gradients or microdroplets. Therefore, two approaches were undertaken by means of microband electrodes integrated within microchannels. The first one was to study the opportunity to control the electrochemical generation and detection of concentration gradients in continuous flow. The amperometric responses were analyzed as a function of the characteristics of concentration gradients after the generation and propagation processes. Two boundary behaviours were evidenced by numerical simulations and validated experimentally. The second approach was to implement the electrochemical detection of droplet content in segmented flow. The challenge was both to demonstrate the feasibility of the experiments and to introduce relationships between currents and concentration or amount of species inside droplets. In this context, an innovative microdevice was designed and tested experimentally allowing the total electrolysis of the droplets
Preux, Christophe. "Modélisation et calcul du transfert de masse et de chaleur dans un milieu poreux réactif en évolution structurale et applications." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13250.
Full textBoroun, Shahab. "Magnetic field stimulation of magnetic nanoparticles for the intensification of scalar transport." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36596.
Full textDans cette thèse, le transport de scalaires dans des ferrofluides / ferrogels est étudié théoriquement et expérimentalement. L’intérêt principal est de quantifier expérimentalement le processus de transport de masse dans des ferrofluides / ferrogels exposés à un champ magnétique externe et de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces processus à la lumière de simulations ferrohydrodynamiques (FHD). Nous visons également à utiliser les phénomènes de transport améliorés, identifiés dans les ferrofluides pour des applications de génie de la réaction chimique, par le biais d'études expérimentales sur le mélange / micromélange en micro-canal. L’introduction présente les principes de base de la dynamique des ferrofluides et des nanoparticules magnétiques (NPM) du point de vue de la mécanique des fluides et de la physique des colloïdes. Le cadre de ferrohydrodynamique, englobant les équations du mouvement des ferrofluides en relation avec la relaxation magnétique, y est expliqué. La littérature récente pertinente au transport de scalaires et au mélange dans les ferrofluides est examinée et les mécanismes d'intensification de transport de masse dans le ferrofluides excités par divers types de champs magnétiques sont discutés. Le première chapitre présente des observations expérimentales et des simulations numériques sur le transport de scalaires dans un ferrofluide de type Brownien au repos mais soumis à un champ magnétique rotatif (CMR). Les expériences de transport de masse ont été conduites dans un mélangeur capillaire en T excité transversalement par un champ magnétique uniforme. Une augmentation significative du transport de masse a été observée en présence de CMR dans une direction normale à l'axe de rotation du champ magnétique. Un tel contrôle directionnel par CMR a permis de mettre en évidence le caractère anisotrope du flux de masse puisque la diffusion moléculaire était le seul mécanisme de transport agissant dans une direction parallèle à l'axe du capillaire. Le rôle de l'advection du ferrofluide induite par CMR (écoulement spin-up) quant à l'amélioration du transport de masse a été examiné à la lumière de la solution de l'équation d’advection-diffusion et de la comparaison des prédictions numériques de FHD avec les résultats expérimentaux. Une analyse comparative systématique des simulations numériques par rapport aux observations expérimentales a révélé que la diffusivité effective dans le ferrofluide peut être représentée par un tenseur diagonal dont les composantes sont fonction de la fréquence du CMR et de la concentration des NPM. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons exploité le concept de diffusion effective anormale anisotrope dans les ferrofluides pour expliquer les variations de la dispersion axiale observées expérimentalement pour un écoulement de Poiseuille en présence de CMR. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que la distribution des temps de séjour (DTS) en présence de CMR est moins asymétrique avec un temps de percée de plus en plus retardé lorsque la fréquence de CMR et/ou la concentration en nanoparticules magnétiques augmente(nt). La solution de l'équation d'advection-diffusion couplée aux équations de transport de quantité de mouvement sous champ magnétique rotatif signale une faible contribution de l'advection dans le phénomène observé. Les simulations numériques ont également montré que la réduction de la dispersion axiale était le résultat d'une diffusivité effective anisotrope anormale dans le ferrofluide suggérant une échelle de mélange de l’ordre de quelques nanomètres dictée par l’effet de la rotation du champ magnétique sur la matrice liquide porteuse non-magnétique des NPM. Dans le troisième chapitre, les propriétés de transport de masse du ferrofluide identifiées ont ensuite été examinées pour des applications de mélange et de micromélange via des techniques réactionnelles. Une étude comparative a été menée pour évaluer l'efficacité du mélange entre des fluides magnétiques et non magnétiques dans un mélangeur de type T capillaire, cylindrique et soumis à des champs magnétiques statique (CMS), oscillant (CMO) et rotatif. En utilisant la réaction modèle de Villermaux-Dushman, nous avons mis en évidence la sensibilité de la sélectivité de cette réaction au micromélange et au transfert de masse au niveau moléculaire. Les résultats ont montré une réduction substantielle de la résistance au transport à l’échelle nanométrique avec des effets mesurables sur la distribution des produits lorsque le mélange est stimulé par un cham magnétique rotatif. Dans le chapitre quatre, nous étendons le concept de mélange NPM/CMR aux ferrogels, préparés en ensemençant des (dipôles durs) nanoparticules de cobalt-ferrite dans un hydrogel de polyacrylamide. L'analyse quantitative des données d’aimantation a révélé l'existence de NPM hydrodynamiquement libres, donc sensibles à la relaxation brownienne, ainsi que des NPM mécaniquement bloquées dans la structure du ferrogel. Un ferrogel contenant des MNP hydrodynamiquement libres engendre des diffusivités effectives d’un soluté passif largement supérieures à la diffusion moléculaire intrinsèque mesurée pour le même soluté au sein de la structure de ferrogel en absence de champ magnétique rotatif. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de cette thèse pourraient ouvrir la voie à l’utilisation de MNP/ferrofluide stimulés par champ magnétique pour la conception et le développement de systèmes micro-fluidiques et de matériaux magnétiques multifonctionnels dotés de propriétés de transport contrôlables à distance.
Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons exploité le concept de diffusion effective anormale anisotrope dans les ferrofluides pour expliquer les variations de la dispersion axiale observées expérimentalement pour un écoulement de Poiseuille en présence de CMR. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que la distribution des temps de séjour (DTS) en présence de CMR est moins asymétrique avec un temps de percée de plus en plus retardé lorsque la fréquence de CMR et/ou la concentration en nanoparticules magnétiques augmente(nt). La solution de l'équation d'advection-diffusion couplée aux équations de transport de quantité de mouvement sous champ magnétique rotatif signale une faible contribution de l'advection dans le phénomène observé. Les simulations numériques ont également montré que la réduction de la dispersion axiale était le résultat d'une diffusivité effective anisotrope anormale dans le ferrofluide suggérant une échelle de mélange de l’ordre de quelques nanomètres dictée par l’effet de la rotation du champ magnétique sur la matrice liquide porteuse non-magnétique des NPM.. Dans le troisième chapitre, les propriétés de transport de masse du ferrofluide identifiées ont ensuite été examinées pour des applications de mélange et de micromélange via des techniques réactionnelles. Une étude comparative a été menée pour évaluer l'efficacité du mélange entre des fluides magnétiques et non magnétiques dans un mélangeur de type T capillaire, cylindrique et soumis à des champs magnétiques statique (CMS), oscillant (CMO) et rotatif. En utilisant la réaction modèle de Villermaux-Dushman, nous avons mis en évidence la sensibilité de la sélectivité de cette réaction au micromélange et au transfert de masse au niveau moléculaire. Les résultats ont montré une réduction substantielle de la résistance au transport à l’échelle nanométrique avec des effets mesurables sur la distribution des produits lorsque le mélange est stimulé par un cham magnétique rotatif. Dans le chapitre quatre, nous étendons le concept de mélange NPM/CMR aux ferrogels, préparés en ensemençant des (dipôles durs) nanoparticules de cobalt-ferrite dans un hydrogel de polyacrylamide. L'analyse quantitative des données d’aimantation a révélé l'existence de NPM hydrodynamiquement libres, donc sensibles à la relaxation brownienne, ainsi que des NPM mécaniquement bloquées dans la structure du ferrogel. Un ferrogel contenant des MNP hydrodynamiquement libres engendre des diffusivités effectives d’un soluté passif largement supérieures à la diffusion moléculaire intrinsèque mesurée pour le même soluté au sein de la structure de ferrogel en absence de champ magnétique rotatif. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de cette thèse pourraient ouvrir la voie à l’utilisation de MNP/ferrofluide stimulés par champ magnétique pour la conception et le développement de systèmes micro-fluidiques et de matériaux magnétiques multifonctionnels dotés de propriétés de transport contrôlables à distance.
The solution of advection-diffusion equation coupled to FHD equations of motion predicted weak contribution of advection in the observed phenomenon. The numerical simulations showed that the reduced axial dispersion is the outcome of anomalous anisotropic effective diffusivity in ferrofluid exposed to external uniform RMF. In chapter three, the identified mass transport properties of ferrofluid were further examined for (micro)-mixing applications in reaction engineering. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the mixing efficiency between magnetic and non-magnetic fluids in a cylindrical capillary T-type mixer subjected to static (SMF), oscillating (OMF) and rotating magnetic fields. By using a probe reaction set (the Villermaux-Dushman reaction) with sensitive selectivity to mass transfer rate, mixing at molecular level was also investigated. The results showed substantial elimination of mass transfer rate influence on product distribution of chemical reactions when the mixing process is intensified with RMF. In chapter four, we extend the concept of mixing by MNP/RMF to ferrogels, prepared by seeding hard-dipole cobalt-ferrite MNP in polyacrylamide hydrogels. Quantitative analysis of magnetization data indicated the existence of hydrodynamically free MNPs, susceptible to Brownian relaxation along with mechanically blocked ones. A ferrogel consisting of hydrodynamically free MNP exhibits effective diffusivities higher than the intrinsic molecular diffusion of passive solute within the ferrogel structure. The experimental and theoretical findings in this thesis may open the way for application of magnetic field-stimulated MNP/ferrofluid for design and development of microfluidic systems and multifunctional magnetic materials with remote-controllable transport properties.
In this PhD thesis, the transport of scalars in ferrofluids/ferrogels is theoretically and experimentally studied. The major interest is to experimentally quantify mass transport process in ferrofluids/ferrogels exposed to external magnetic fields and also to understand the mechanisms underlying the observed enhanced mass transport processes through ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) simulations. We also aim at utilizing the identified enhanced transport phenomena in ferrofluids for reaction engineering applications through experimental studies on mixing/micromixing in microchannels. The introduction presents the basic principles and fundamentals of ferrofluid and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) dynamics from fluid mechanics and colloidal physics perspectives. The framework of ferrohydrodynamics (FHD), encompassing the ferrofluid equations of motion in connection with magnetic relaxation is explained. The recent literature relevant to the subject of scalar transport and mixing in ferrofluids is reviewed and the mechanisms of rate intensification of mass transport in ferrofluid subjected to various types of magnetic fields are discussed. The first chapter reports experimental observations and numerical simulations on the transport of scalars in quiescent Brownian ferrofluids under rotating magnetic field (RMF). The mass transport experiments were conducted in a cylindrical capillary T-mixer in presence/absence of transverse uniform RMF. Significant enhancement in mass transport was observed in presence of RMF in a direction normal to rotation axis of magnetic field. RMF directional control of mass flux enhancement was anisotropic since the molecular diffusion was the only detected transport mechanism in a direction parallel to the capillary axis. The significance of RMF driven ferrofluid advection (spin-up flow) in mass transport enhancement was examined in the light of the solution of advection-diffusion equation and subsequent comparison of numerical predictions with experimental results. Systematic analysis of numerical simulations compared to experimental observations unveiled that the effective diffusivity in ferrofluid consists of a diagonal tensor whose components are a function of RMF frequency and MNP concentration. In the second chapter, we exploited the concept of anisotropic anomalous effective diffusion in ferrofluids to explain the experimentally observed variations of axial dispersion in ferrofluid capillary Poiseuille flow in presence of external RMF. The experimental results showed that residence time distribution (RTD) in presence of RMF is more symmetric with retarded breakthrough time when frequency of RMF and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) concentration are increased.
Oukfif, Samira. "Modélisation numérique du transport de masse et de la filtration dans les milieux poreux saturés." Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0007.
Full textThis work aims is devoted to the development of numerical model in order to simulate the mass transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. So to guarantee security, a reliable numerical model will be used at long term to predict the progression of pollution in a ground. The model is based on the convection-dispersion equation coupled with a deposition release kinetic. The transport equation in 1D and 2D is resolved by means of a Lagrangian method, called particle method which uses a dispersion velocity technique. The boundary conditions are interpreted with a technique of a ghost particle. Due to the retention and detachment of the particle, the Kozeny-Carman relation is employed to evaluate the porosity variation in the porous media. The sensitivity study of the model is performed by considering a various configurations when analytical solutions are provided and shows a sufficient precision for adequate numerical parameters. The numerical model validation is obtained by fitting the tracer laboratory column under the constant flow or constant flow head conditions. Under the constant flow head, a coupling between the transport equation and flow equation (Darcy’s low) are performed by resolving flow equation using a numerical model of the finite differences on a fixed grid. The coupling between the flow problem and the transport problem is realized with using a non iterative sequential scheme. The exchanges between the grid and the particles are ensured by means of interpolation function. A good fitting is obtained from the numerical results and experiment data measured in the term of breakthrough curves, in particular when the deposition and release kinetic were considered. The constant flow head shows an important reduction of the porosity profiles at the entry of the laboratory column. Then, the numerical model is used to simulate the erosion (suffusion) of a ground by considering only release, and the fitting of the laboratory column showed a good agreement. An interesting alternative to particle tracking random walk random is studied in order to simulate the transport of sorbing solutes in homogeneous and heterogeneous infinite media. The deposition release kinetic is replaced by a nonlinear Freundlich sorption is considered. A stochastic approach which consists in generating many simulations for which flow and transport problems are resolved. The final results are obtained by means of an average on all numerical simulations performed called Monte Carlo approach. The results obtained are in agreement with those presented in the literature. In order to simulate transport, deposition and release in a finite porous media, the numerical model presented in this study allowed the implementation of the particle method. Nevertheless, the model studied of the deposition and release kinetic can be improved in order to take account the coupling between the two processes and in particular the threshold of detachment of the particles
Jamin, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude du transport de matière et de la rhéologie dans les sols non saturés à différentes températures." Montpellier 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006051.
Full textCharrière, Boris. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements turbulents cavitants avec un modèle de transport de taux de vide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI108/document.
Full textThe computation of turbulent cavitating flows involves many difficulties both in modeling the physical phenomena and in the development of robust numerical methods. Indeed such flows are characterized by phase transitions and large density gradients, Mach number variation due to speed of sound decrease, two-phase turbulent areas and unsteadiness.This thesis follows experimental and numerical studies led at the Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels which aim to improve the understanding and modeling of cavitating flows. Simulations are based on a compressible code coupled with a pre-conditionning technique which handles low-Mach number areas. The two-phase flows are reproduced using a one-fluid homogeneous model and temporal discretisation is performed using an implicit dual-time stepping method . The resolution is based on the RANS approach that couples conservation equations with firts-order closure models to compute eddy viscosity.In two-phase flows areas, the computation of thermodynamic quantities requires to close the system with equations of state (EOS). Thus, two formulations are investigated to determine the pressure in the mixture. The stiffened gas EOS is written with conservative quantities while a sinusoidal law deduces the pressure from the volume fraction of vapor (the void fraction). The present study improves the homogeneous equilibrium models by including a transport equation for the void ratio. The mass transfer between phases is assumed to be proportional to the divergence of the velocity. In addition to a better modeling of convection, expansion and collapse phenomenon, this added transport equation allows to relax the local thermodynamic equilibrium and to introduce a mestastable state to the vapor phase.2D and 3D simulations are performed on Venturi type geometries characterized by the development of unstable partial cavitation pockets. The goal is to reproduce unsteadiness linked to each profile such as the formation of a re-entrant jet or the quasi-periodic vapor clouds shedding. Numerical results highlight frequency variations of unsteadiness depending on the speed of sound computation. Moreover, the simulation conducted with a relaxed vapor density increase the pressure wave propagation magnitude generated by the collapse of cavitating structures. It contributes to the destabilization of the pocket. Finally, the role of the void ratio equation is analyzed by comparing the simulation results to those obtained subsequently from a model involving only three conservation equations
Dijoux, Loïc. "Simulation numérique des phénomènes d'écoulement et de transport de masse en milieu poreux." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0033.
Full textFlow and mass transport through porous media are an important part of underground water studies. Pollution spreading or salt water intrusion in coastal groundwater tables are well known applications. This thesis manuscript is dedicated to the study of this physical phenomena through numerical modelling. Different finite element methods are presented and discussed. We focus on the mathematical representation of strongheterogeneous and anisotropic porous media. We introduce two new numerical methods named H-RTm and H-RTp methods. They take advantage of the hybridization technique applied to mixed finite element methods and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods. The benefits reached in the numerical representation of flow and mass transfer in porous media are illustrated through numerical examples currently used in literature
Fuhrer, Mélanie. "TRANSPORT MARITIME DE PRODUITS CHIMIQUES LIQUIDES ET FLOTTANTS : ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DU REJET ACCIDENTEL SOUS-MARIN SUITE A UN NAUFRAGE." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849580.
Full textKrause, Kevin. "Caractérisation infrarouge operando des électrolyseurs à membrane électrolytique polymère pour la séparation de l'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0022.
Full textUnderstanding and improving mass and ionic transport mechanisms within the membrane used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water splitting electrolyzers is vital for achieving improved efficiencies that would enable the use of water electrolysis in sustainable energy infrastructures. A better understanding of mass and ion transport within the PEM are essential to achieving the improved performance and efficiencies necessary for wide-scale commercialization of these devices. The work from this thesis aims to improve characterization methods for measuring PEM hydration using an operating microfluidic PEM electrolysis chip coupled with operando infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This development of this thesis is organized through two parts.In part one and prior to the development of the microfluidic electrolyzer, the experimental setup for IR characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and IR thermography was developed. This setup was tested through a microfluidic chip designed for semi-transparency in mid-wave IR light. Two exothermic acid-base reactions were imaged in the chip to simultaneously quantify heat and mass transport in the microfluidic channel. Concentration fields of each chemical species and thermal fields of the chemical reactions were resolved from the acquired IR images. Experimental results were used to validate an advection diffusion simulation of the chemical reaction within a meshed replica of the microfluidic chip, for which there was a strong agreement between the results from each dataset.In part two, the methods from part one were honed for the fabrication of the first microfluidic PEM water electrolyzer for transmission-based IR characterization. The water content within the PEM of the microfluidic water electrolyzer was characterized through two operando IR spectroscopy setups. The first IR experimental setup utilized a synchrotron FTIR spectroscopy setup, where the water content of the PEM was quantified using IR for the first time, albeit only at a single point. The second microfluidic PEM electrolyzer setup used a broadband IR source combined with other techniques to distinguish contributions from ohmic, kinetic, and mass transport losses while acquiring IR images. Images were acquired during potentiostatic operation for a range of anolyte concentrations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) unveiled that higher anolyte concentrations were accompanied by reduced ohmic losses but higher kinetic and mass transport losses. The higher mass transport losses were investigated through images averaged over comparable time scales to EIS and DRT results, and implied that inefficient gas removal occurred at the cathode. These effects were further investigated through the PEM hydration (λ_(H_2 O)) via three characteristic regions where the adjacent channels were either wet, dry, or a mix of both. The local channel wetness was observed to strongly affect the PEM’s hydration through gradients that manifested between cathode and anode channels.Results from this thesis show the potential of transmission-based IR techniques for elucidating transport mechanisms in PEMs of operating microfluidic electrolyzers. Implementing layers that are traditionally implemented in fuel cells and electrolyzers for gas-liquid management into the microfluidic PEM electrolyzer could greatly improve results obtained from the presented methods. Consequently, IR techniques could potentially be used to achieve the contactless quantification of phenomena such as electro- or thermo-osmotic drag. The findings in this thesis provide valuable insights for membrane characterization in electrochemical devices with integrated PEMs, and will inform the next generation of electrolyzer design
Martínez, López Brais. "Development of new characterization methodologies and modelling of transport properties on plastic materials : application to homologous series of tracers." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20240.
Full textFood contact materials must comply with the inertia criteria defined by European regulation, which establishes migration limits for substances that may be transferred into food. Traditionally, migration levels were determined experimentally by performing money and time-consuming migration tests. Recently, modelling tools have been approved to predict migration levels of additives from plastics. However, these models need of certain parameters: the diffusion coefficient or diffusivity, the mass transfer coefficient and the partition coefficient. These coefficients, particularly diffusivity, may be determined experimentally or by predictive modellingRaman microspectroscopy was used to develop a methodology for the characterisation of diffusivity, using amorphous polystyrene as model polymeric matrix. This methodology was applied to two families (homologous series) of molecules presenting the benzenic ring as fundamental unit, with the goal of establishing relationships between diffusivity in the polymeric matrix and geometrical characteristics of the molecules (volume, length, compressibility), describing molecular mobility in function of their hindrance.This method has also been adapted to LLDPE, with the goal of establishing the operating conditions allowing to simultaneously determine both diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient.This work has also allowed to lay the foundations of a diffusivity prediction model, based on geometrical and dynamical characteristics of molecules, without the need of a huge computing power compared to other models present in literature. As well, this work permitted to study the sensitivity of the mathematical models regarding simultaneous regression of several variables used in the description of mass transfer
Millet, Pierre. "Modélisation du transfert et du transport de composés organiques des matériaux dans l’eau potable : Applications aux réseaux d’eau intérieurs." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0039.
Full textThe French Public Health Code sets out the requirement on tap water quality and the materials used in the contact of drinking water are subject to the Attestation of Sanitary Conformity. However, organoleptic degradation can remain in tap water. A bibliographic study has shown that organoleptic degradation could be caused by the presence of chemicals migrating from materials and by complex hydrodynamic phenomenon. A compartmental model has been developed. It models the transfer and the transport of chemicals from materials to water. This approach allows to combine the study of transfer of chemical from the material and the study of hydrodynamics in private water installations. It provides the opportunity i)- to observe the impact of dynamic operating conditions on the concentration of chemicals in tap water ii)- to make diagnostics of the installation to avoid disagreements and iii)- to study the quantity of chemicals deliver in tap water in function of consumption habits of the users. The study of chemicals transfer phenomenon in dynamic conditions has shown the impact of water temperature, turbulent agitation and duration of the use of materials on migration kinetics of chemicals. However, the experiences made with compartmental model have indicated that the leaching of chemicals in dynamic conditions was negligible compared with the leaching of chemicals in static conditions. Indeed, the static contact time is far more important that the dynamic one. However, it has been shown that the hydrodynamics could have a significant impact on tap water quality, particularly due to exchanges between different parts of the networks. Finally, the complex scenario development based on consumption habits of the users have shown that the quantity of chemicals ingest by the consumers were strongly dependant of the consumption behaviour of the users. The approach could be a part of a process like the threshold of toxicological concern based on the prediction of the daily quantities of chemicals ingest
Abada, Fella. "Transport d'humidité en matériaux poreux en présence d'un gradient de température : caractérisation expérimentale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10135.
Full textNeculae, Adrian Puiu. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de transport dans une zone de croissance dendritique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066465.
Full textLaridon, Yannick. "Modélisation et visualisation d'une croissance de bulle dans un milieu viscoélastique évolutif et hétérogène." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S091/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis was to characterise, model and rank the mechanisms involved in the growth of bubbles in semi-hard cheeses, at the bubble scale. Three steps were considered. First, a mechanical characterisation of the material enabled to define a rheological model to describe the behaviour of the material (generalised Maxwell model), and to set-up a method to determine the model parameters by fitting of compression-relaxation data. Secondly, the Maxwell model consisted in setting up an experimental validation procedure allowing studying different loads on a single bubble surrounded by a cheese cylinder. Experiments were monitored in real-time in a non-invasive manner by MRI imaging and were compared to simulations reproducing the experimental conditions. Finally, mass transport (CO2) was also taken into account in the model. Simulation results were first compared to the average bubble growth in cheese blocks, and then a dedicated experimental set-up similar to that used previously was used. Mechanical characterisation of semi-hard cheese showed the rheological properties did not evolve during ripening, but presented a steep spatial gradient. Despite its simplicity, the Maxwell model showed good agreement with the experimental results. A sensitivity study demonstrated that the highest relaxation time (about several hours) and the bubble position were the most influent parameters over bubble growth, when only the mechanical model was involved. Coupling between mass and momentum transport in a single bubble case demonstrated the great influence of the mass transport parameters on bubble growth, especially diffusivity and CO2 production rate. In the case where two gaseous cavities are involved, geometric parameters (cavities positions, dimensions and shape) proved to be as important as the mass transport parameters on the bubble growth
Besnard, Katia. "Modélisation du transport réactif dans les milieux poreux hétérogènes. Application aux processus d'adsorption cinétique non linéaire." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006040.
Full textBenzakour, Bouchra. "Ultramicroélectrochimie analytique : étude des phénomènes de transport de matière lors des réactions électrochimiques : application aux réactions engageant des étapes successives." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10004.
Full textMiomandre, Fabien. "Étude de processus électrochimiques non réversibles par une méthode à base d'opérateurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10163.
Full textBligny, Rémi. "Modélisation des phénomènes de transport dans les piles à combustible de type PEM pour l'application automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0068.
Full textHydrogen is a promising energy carrier for the decarbonization of sectors such as industry and mobility. Its nature as a gas also makes hydrogen a suitable medium for storing renewable electricity. Fuel cells allow the production of electricity from hydrogen. Several technologies exist but PEM fuel cells offer efficiency, compactness and versatility. In addition to electricity, they produce heat and water as by-products and these must be properly managed to ensure proper operation of the systems. Too high temperature leads to premature aging of the materials. A membrane that is too dry decreases system performance and degrades more quickly. Conversely, if the cell contains too much water, the reactants can no longer carry out the electrochemical reactions and performance is reduced. The modeling of water and heat transport phenomena in PEM cells allows to improve their conception by a better design or the selection of better materials, as well as by an adapted piloting which preserves the cells from deleterious working conditions. These models contain parameters that must be estimated experimentally in order to make them as realistic as possible. This work, after having placed the role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the energy context, aims at estimating crucial parameters for water and heat transport in the cells. First, a water transport model is developed and design of experiment is set up to estimate the diffusion coefficients of water in the vapor and sorbed phases. Different methods and materials are compared, leading to results consistent with the literature. The influence of liquid water sorption by the membrane is also explored. Then, an original experiment allows to estimate the thermal resistance between the membrane-electrode assembly and the bipolar plates. The coupling between water transport and heat transport allows to estimate the temperature in the cell. An effective thermal conductivity is estimated. Finally, load cycle experiments are performed to study the water storage during a dynamic regime. Water balances are performed in parallel with impedance measurements and allow to explore the water storage in the cell. Preliminary experimental results are compared to a coupled transient model for water and heat transport
Duval, Fabien. "Modélisation du renoyage d'un lit de particules : contribution à l'estimation des propriétés de transport macroscopiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT023H.
Full textBerg, Maxime. "Modélisation de l'écoulement sanguin et du transport de molécules dans la microcirculation sanguine cérébrale : impact des occlusions capillaires dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0063.
Full textThe cerebral microvascular system is central in the remarkable machinery of the brain. It is responsible for the delivery of vital molecules (e.g. oxygen, glucose) and clearance of metabolic wastes (e.g.carbone dioxide, amyloid) to and from brain cells. Such a system is composed of small vessels (i.e. arterioles, venules and capillaries), embedded in brain tissue, which form a very large and intricate network spanning over the whole brain. Due to its critical role in brain homeostasis, the cerebral microvascular system is also involved in various pathologies, ranging from stroke toneurodegenerative diseases. During the last decades, significant advances in imaging techniques have been made, such asmulti-photon microscopy, that enabled the observation of the cerebral microvascular system with anunprecedented level of accuracy. However, these techniques generate large amounts of data that aredifficult to interpret without a proper theoretical framework. In this thesis, we address this need bybuilding computationally efficient models that accurately describe blood flow and solute transport in the cerebral microvascular system, more specifically in large anatomical networks.The biggest challenge in the resolution of blood flow and solute transport problems dwells inthe scale of such anatomical networks. Indeed, even though they represent only a fraction of thecomplete cerebral microvascular system, they are made of tens of thousand of vessels and exhibithighly complex geometries. Consequently, this prohibits the resolution of the blood flow and solutetransport problems by means of classic numerical methods, e.g. finite volume or finite elements. Toget around this computational issue, we combine a pore network approach to upscaling methods(volume averaging and multiscale asymptotics) and Green’s functions to simplify the formulation ofboth blood flow and solute transport problems while still capturing the underlying physics. In orderto assess the relevance of such simplifications we systematically validate our models against in vitroand in-vivo measurements, and against reference analytical solutions otherwise. We then use our models to investigate the role of the cerebral microvascular system during theonset of Alzheimer’s disease. Indeed, it has been recently shown that a significant decrease in the cerebral blood flow is the earliest biophysical marker of the disease. Coincidently, our collaborators,Professors Schaffer and Nishimura from Cornell University, have observed in Alzheimer’s diseasedmice that a small proportion (2% to 4%) of capillaries were abnormally occluded by white blood cells adhering to the inflammatory vessel walls. They subsequently injected antibodies inhibiting the whiteblood cells adhesion. This resulted in the unclogging of the capillary vessels, causing a substantialincrease in cerebral blood flow and ultimately leading to a significant cognitive improvement of thediseased animals. Assuming that such antibody injections restored the cerebral blood flow to itsbaseline value leads to estimate that capillary occlusions were previously reducing the cerebral blood flow by 20% to 30%. This raises the critical question: can 2% to 4% of capillary occlusions cause up to 30% reductionin cerebral blood flow? This question is challenging to answer only using experiments since it istremendously difficult to isolate the contribution of such a biophysical process in vivo in mice or humans. Instead, we use our models to numerically investigate the impact of such capillaryocclusions on cerebral blood flow. We find that 2% to 4% capillary occlusion cause up to 12% cerebral blood reduction making them a significant mechanism in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally,we go on to investigate the consequences of such occlusions on molecule exchange
Esslimani, Khaoula. "Etude de l´effet des conditions d´application de l’extraction sous pression réduite dans la zone non saturée du sol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0021.
Full textSoil Vapour Extraction stands out as a widely used solution for the in situ remediation of soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By applying a vacuum to the soil matrix, a flow of air is produced through it, carrying the volatile contaminants to extraction wells that remove the pollutants from the soil. Experimental studies in the laboratory and on site have been carried out to provide a complete analysis of SVE by tracking pollutants in the outgoing gases. An improvement to this technique using the thermal method was studied (T-SVE). Transport and mass transfer during the laboratory experiments were numerically simulated. Two soil models were chosen and characterised: 100% sand (soil 1) and sand mixed with 5% kaolin (soil 2). Experimental set-ups were used to analyse various parameters characterising the extraction system. Hydrodynamic tests were carried out using three different water mass contents in each soil. Experiments on soils contaminated by the two contaminants tested (decane and toluene), in single and double pollution situations, were carried out with samples in dry and wet conditions and at extraction rates of 10 and 16 L.min-1. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and at 60°C. Extraction tests were carried out on a real site contaminated by hydrocarbons. It has been shown that the quantity of mobile water is largely influenced by the composition of the soil. The results obtained showed that the presence of clay in the sand resulted in greater retention of contaminants (adsorption phenomenon) compared with a soil composed solely of sand. Lower elimination times were observed for the contaminant with the highest vapour pressure (toluene). Slight and non-significant decreases in yield, of around 1%, were obtained when going from a flow rate of 16 L.min-1 to a flow rate of 10 L.min-1. It has been shown that increasing the water content of the soil makes the depollution process less effective. The extraction rates of contaminants in double pollution are significantly lower than their extraction rates in monopollution. The T-SVE process, compared with conventional SVE, is more efficient in terms of clean-up time and extraction yield. The trends in pollutant concentration and depression curves obtained in field trials, where conditions are more complex and variable, are similar to those observed in the laboratory. An initial numerical approach to the simulation of mass transport/transfer based on the results of experiments on a 1D column was carried out. The proposed model is capable of simulating the extraction curves with good agreement with the experimental results
Ngo-Boum, Ghislaine. "Étude numérique du transport de matière au sein d'un électrolyte : effet d'un champ magnétique." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0011.
Full textChaubet, Danièle. "Étude des propriétés de transport de couches d'alumine développées par oxydation a 1100°C d'un alliage NiAl β." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112014.
Full textGarnier, Jean-Marie. "Transport du carbone inorganique en solution : expérimentation et modélisation à différentes échelles (2.10⁻¹ , 10 et 10² à 10³ m)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112391.
Full textBezier, Florence. "Problèmes de transport-diffusion par éléments finis." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD255.
Full textHannaoui, Rachid. "Simulation par Dynamique Moléculaire des Propriétés de Transport (Masse et Chaleur) de Fluides Confinés." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3010/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study how a fluid confined in a low permeability porous medium (micro- and meso-porous) behaves concerning its properties of mass diffusion, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion. For this purpose, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on simple binary mixtures placed in various thermodynamic conditions, confined in a porous medium of lamellar geometry of different types (structure-less or atomistic, more or less adsorbent) in __//_ and grand canonical ensembles. The results show that the effects of porous medium on transport properties are more pronounced when the pore size is small, the adsorption is strong and the temperature is low. The results allowed to evaluate these effects quantitatively. In addition, it has been found that the wall roughness has a major impact on the mass diffusion coefficient and a non negligible one on the thermal diffusion coefficient
Piedra-Cueva, Jose Carlos Ismael. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de transport des sédiments cohésifs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10200.
Full textMavkov, Bojan. "Control of coupled transport in Tokamak plasmas." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT004/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to propose new methods for analysis and control of partial differential equations that describe the coupling between the transport models of the electron pressure (density multiplied by the temperature) and the magnetic flux in the tokamak plasma. The coupled system is presented by two1D resistive diffusion equations. In this thesis two kinds of control models are obtained. The first is a first-principle driven model and the second one is the data-driven model obtained using system identification techniques. The control design is based on an infinite dimensional setting using Lyapunov analysis. Composite control is designed using singular perturbation theory to divide the fast from the slow component. All the theoretical work is implemented and benchmarked in advanced physics based on simulations using plasma simulator dor DIII-D, ITER and TCV tokamaks
Ho, Minh Tuan. "Kinetic modeling of the transient flows of the single gases and gaseous mixtures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4741/document.
Full textA gas inside the microsystems or the porous media is in its non-equilibrium state, due to the fact that the molecular mean free path is comparable to the characteristic dimension of the media. The same state of a gas, called rarefied, is found at high altitude or in the vacuum equipment working at low pressure. All these types of flow can be described by the kinetic models derived from the Boltzmann equation. This thesis presents the development of the numerical tools for the modeling and simulations of the rarefied gas flows. The two models of the full Boltzmann equation, the Shakhov model (S-model) for the single gas and the McCormack model for the gas mixture, are considered. The discrete velocity method is used to the numerical discretization in the molecular velocity space and the TVD-like scheme is implemented in the physical space. The main aspect of this work is centered around the transient properties of the gas flows and, especially, on the transient heat and mass transfer behaviors. However, for some configurations only steady-state solutions are considered and the implicit scheme is developed to reduce the computational cost. Using the proposed numerical approach several types of the transient rarefied single gas flows as well as the binary mixture of the monoatomic gases are studied
Le, Canut Jean-Marc. "Impédance faradique en présence d'un couplage électrosorption-désorption, transport de matière : cas de l'électrodissolution du cuivre." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0016.
Full textMahnic̆-Kalamiza, Samo. "Effects of electrical and thermal pre-treatment on mass transport in biological tissue." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2247/document.
Full textAn electric field of sufficient strength can cause an increase of conductivity and permeability of cell membrane. Effect is known as electroporation and is attributed to creation of aqueous pathways in the membrane. Quantifying mass transport in connection with electroporation of biological tissues is an important goal. The ability to fully comprehend transport processes has ramifications in improved juice extraction and improved selective extraction of compounds from plant cells, improved drug delivery, and solutions to environmental challenges. While electroporation is intensively investigated, there is a lack of models that can be used to model mass transport in complex structures such as biological tissues with relation to electroporation. This thesis presents an attempt at constructing a theoretical mathematical description – a model, for studying mass (and heat) transfer in electroporated tissue. The model was developed employing conservation and transport laws and enables coupling effects of electroporation to the membrane of individual cells with the resulting mass transport or heat transfer in tissue. An analytical solution has been found though the model can be extended with additional dependencies to account for the phenomenon of electroporation, and solved numerically. Thesis comprises five peer-reviewed papers describing electroporation in the food industry, model creation for the problem of diffusion, translation of the model to the mathematically-related case of juice expression, model validation, as well as suggestions for possible future development, extension, and generalization. An additional chapter is dedicated to transfer of heat in tissue
Koufi, Lounes. "Simulation thermo-aéraulique de la ventilation et du transport de polluants dans des cavités : application à la qualité de l'air intérieur et au confort thermique." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0210/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the numerical prediction of heat and mass transfer impact on the air quality and thermal comfort within either ventilated or not cavities filled with pollutants. Indeed, ventilated areas are first modeled to be as ventilated cavities in a first approximation.To carry out this study, we adopt a numerical model based on solving equations governing momentum, heat and mass transfer. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to some generalities on ventilation, air quality and thermal comfort and the bibliographic review of previous works. The adopted approach is described in Chapter 2. It is based on the Boussinesq approximation. The RNG k-ε model is used to handle turbulence. The finite-volume method (FVM) is used to discretize of the set of equations, and the pressure-velocity coupling is achieved via the SIMPLEC algorithm. In the second part, we consider the thermal convection and thermosolutal convection in closed cavities. The main aim is a) to validate the considered model by comparing our results with those of literature, and b) to investigate influence of the thermal Rayleigh number and the buoyancy ratio. Our findings indicate that the model accurately predicts heat and mass transfer.Then, we apply this approach to the case of two-dimensional ventilated cavities subjected to temperature and concentration gradients. The indices of air quality and ventilation efficiency are calculated and discussed. We end this work by analyzing the influence of ventilation on the quality of indoor air in a three-dimensional room in transient regime. This investigation covers different scenarios from the simple flow mechanical ventilation which aims to find the best configuration in terms of efficiency and quality of indoor air
Vacassy, Robert. "Synthèse et caractérisations de membranes minérales de nanofiltration : Modélisations du transport de matière et de la perméabilité à l'eau." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20082.
Full textFernandes, Hipolito Ana Isabel. "Étude des phénomènes de transport dans un réacteur catalytique pilote de type filaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10285/document.
Full textSmall size fixed-bed reactors are a common choice for testing industrial supported catalyst under industrial operating conditions. The most common criterion for reactor’s scale-down is based on the conservation of the liquid hourly space velocity which leads to a very low fluid flow velocity at the laboratory scale. Under these conditions, the external mass transfer flux can become the limiting step of the process. In this context, a new reactor geometry was proposed to intensify mass and heat transfers and to increase fluid flow velocities: the single pellet string reactor. This reactor is composed of a tube with an internal diameter close to that of the catalyst particles and with a high length over diameter ratio. The main goal of this thesis is to characterise the hydrodynamic and external mass transfer performances of this new reactor in order to define its application domain. In two-phase gas-liquid flow, the reactor flow is plug flow and the liquid hold-up values are high, which insures a complete wetting of the catalyst particles. The mass transfer coefficients were quantified and the measured rates are much higher than those observed in conventional pilot fixed-bed reactors, which can be explained by the increased local liquid velocities and by the modified Taylor flow regime. Catalytic tests with a very fast model reaction revealed that the external mass transfer performances of the single pellet string reactor are close to those measured in a stirred tank reactor equipped with a catalytic basket. In conclusion, the single pellet string reactor represents a new and efficient alternative to fixed-bed pilot reactors to study shaped catalysts