Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport standards'
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Kheirkhah, Sabetghadam Morteza. "MMPTCP : a novel transport protocol for data centre networks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61781/.
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Modern data centres provide large aggregate capacity in the backbone of networks so that servers can theoretically communicate with each other at their maximum rates. However, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) cannot efficiently use this large capacity even if Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) routing is enabled to exploit the existence of parallel paths. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) can effectively use the network resources of such topologies by performing fast distributed load balancing. MPTCP is an appealing technique for data centres that are very dynamic in nature. However, it is ill-suited for handling short flows since it increases their flow completion time. To mitigate these problems, we propose Maximum MultiPath TCP (MMPTCP), a novel transport protocol for modern data centres. Unlike MPTCP, it provides high performance for all network flows. It also decreases the bursty nature of data centres, which is essentially rooted in traffic patterns of short flows. MMPTCP achieves these nice features by randomising a flow's packets via all parallel paths to a destination during the initial phase of data transmission until a certain amount of data is delivered. It then switches to MPTCP with several subflows in which data transmission is governed by MPTCP congestion control. In this way, short flows are delivered very fast via the initial phase only, and long flows are delivered by MPTCP with several subflows. We evaluate MMPTCP in a FatTree topology under various network conditions. We found that MMPTCP decreases the loss rate of all the links throughout the network and helps competing flows to achieve a better performance. Unlike MPTCP with a fixed number of subflows, MMPTCP offers high burst tolerance and low-latency for short flows while it maintains high overall network utilisation. MMPTCP is incrementally deployable in existing data centres because it does not require any modification to the network and application layers.
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Swiecicki, Ewa. "Legal aspects of licensing of airline transport pilots : international standards versus Canadian aviation safety regulations." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61155.
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The laws and regulations governing certification of aviation personnel constitute one of the essential elements of aviation legislation. They have a significant effect upon the global safety of the civil air transportation system.This dissertation aims at describing the existing regulations in the field of pilot licensing. Its scope is narrowed down to the highest category of licence applicable to professional pilots and known as the airline transport pilot licence. The thesis depicts and analyses the process of creation and the contents of licensing standards and recommended practices as developed by various ICAO bodies and incorporated in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention.
The survey of pilot licensing system currently in force in Canada provides the example of domestic legislation applicable in this respect. It is performed with the aim of exploring the compatibility of Canadian law with the global legal requirements as prescribed in Annex 1 and other supporting ICAO documentation.
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STYCZYNSKI, Annika. "HISTORICAL BENEFIT AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE (LOW CARBON) URBAN TRANSPORT IN JAPAN." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16291.
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Barchyn, Thomas Edward, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Field-based aeolian sediment transport threshold measurement : sensors, calculation methods, and standards as a strategy for improving inter-study comparison." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2616.
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Aeolian sediment transport threshold is commonly defined as the minimum wind speed (or shear stress) necessary for wind-driven sediment transport. Threshold is a core parameter in most models of aeolian transport. Recent advances in methodology for field-based measurement of threshold show promise for improving parameterizations; however, investigators have varied in choice of method and sensor. The impacts of modifying measurement system configuration are unknown. To address this, two field tests were performed: (i) comparison of four piezoelectric sediment transport sensors, and (ii) comparison of four calculation methods. Data from both comparisons suggest that threshold measurements are non-negligibly modified by measurement system configuration and are incomparable. A poor understanding of natural sediment transport dynamics suggests that development of calibration methods could be difficult. Development of technical standards was explored to improve commensurability of measurements. Standards could assist future researchers with data syntheses and integration.xi, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Jurkovič, Martin. "Integrovaný dopravní systém Jihomoravského kraje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142306.
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The diploma thesis deals with Integrated public transport system in South Moravia region. The author describes the term of integrated public transport system and its advantages in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part deals with constitution and development of the system in the South Moravia region and describes its subsystems: organizing and economical, tariff and transport subystem. The final chapter describes transport systems in the regions of the Czech republic. The last chapter shows the shortages of the current transport system. The main aim of the thesis is to make analysis of the current system, to compare theoretical findings with the current situation, to situate the transport system in South Moravia into the frame of the public transportation in the Czech republic and to compare it with other systems.
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Sarkisyan, Marina. "Silniční přeprava nákladů pod kontrolovatelnou teplotou v podmínkách společnosti Danone a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76279.
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The thesis is concerning with the road transport of goods under controlled temperature. Under such goods we mean foodstuffs. The aim of the thesis is to describe the issue of road transport of foodstuffs on the whole logistic chain using the production of Danone company as an example for illustration.
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Kuře, Arnošt. "Vyhodnocení legislativních předpisů pro speciální silniční přepravu mezi Českou republikou a severní Evropou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232486.
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he project evaluates legislative regulations for special road transport between the Czech Republic and Northern Europe. The main purpose of the project is to formulate a basic methodology for non-standard shipment’s transit. Work observes destination of the Czech Republic - Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. There exist differences in legislative conditions for the particularly heavy and oversized loads transport in these countries. The main objective is to evaluate these conditions and recommend utilization for Czech carriers. The thesis aims to enumerate the various national legal standards for excessive transportation and recommend implementation outputs for correct and a quick orientation in the rights and obligations during executing carriage for the Czech carriers. The basic metodology how to transport oversized loads results from this project.
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Wijaya, Doddy Hendra. "STUDY OF SERVICE QUALITY IN THE PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT: CUSTOMER COMPLAINT HANDLING AND SERVICE STANDARDS DESIGN : CASE STUDY: TRANSJAKARTA BUSWAY AND VÄRMLANDSTRAFIK AB BUS." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4574.
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Wachtmeister, Marcus. "Driving towards more flexibility? : China's environmental and climate policy in the automotive sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a525684b-072d-4288-9216-52a9321051ee.
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This doctoral dissertation examines the mode and efficacy of environmental and climate policy in China’s automotive sector. The ascent of China’s automobile market to the largest worldwide has detrimental effects on the country’s energy security situation, worsens environmental pollution, and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental and climate policy measures to ameliorate these repercussions are the most apt tools available to the Chinese government. The objective of this dissertation is to identify the dominant mode of environmental and climate policies in China’s automotive industry and to assess the efficacy of select policy instruments. It does so by asking whether a uniform national approach to policy instrument adoption can be discerned that reflects China’s institutional and administrative history or whether modal exceptions exist. Secondly, if modal differences exist, to what extent do different instruments confirm the current understanding of the advantages and pitfalls of individual policy instrument types? And finally, how do Chinese instruments compare to those in other ambits in terms of policy mode and instrument efficacy? The literature on policy instruments holds that, due to their alleged efficiency advantages, incentive-based instruments dominate the political agenda of industrialised countries and international organisations (environmental consensus). This favouring of flexible instruments in academic and political circles contrasts with an evident lack of incentive-based instruments in practice and an observed lack of efficiency of some of those instruments actually implemented. Moreover, the policy mode adopted in developing countries and emerging markets has not yet received sufficient academic attention despite significant differences in institutional design, enforcement capacities, resources, and development paths that may imply reason for modal deviation. Applying a blend of qualitative and quantitative social sciences research methods, I add the case of China to the comparative literature and show that command-and-control regulation indeed forms the backbone of environmental and climate policy in China’s automotive industry. At the same time, modal differences exist between national regulation and local/ municipal incentive-based policy as well as in the electric vehicle sector, which shows a trend towards more incentive-based instruments and flexibility mechanisms in conventional regulation. Compared to other ambits, China has established a relatively flexible policy regime, at least for the case of vehicle efficiency standards. For the time being, incentive-based instruments remain comparatively ineffective and flexibility mechanisms in conventional regulation have an erosive effect on instrument stringency.
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Gauntlett, Ernest John Herbert. "A geochemical and morphological investigation of placer gold grains from the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska : implications for source and transport mechanisms." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018202.
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[Partial abstract]: This study presents the first detailed geochemical and morphological characterisation of gold grains from the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, a region with significant historical and on-going placer gold mining. Quantitative Au, Ag, Hg, and Cu data are presented for gold grains from eleven sites. Additionally, quantitative Te, W, As, and Sb trace element data are presented for gold grains from ten of the eleven sites. Although it is acknowledged that quantitative trace element analysis of gold grains is a relatively new endeavour, the limited trace element data obtained in this study suggest that trace element analysis could be useful for characterising gold sources on the southern Seward Peninsula. Major and minor element geochemical profiling is sufficient at differentiating between sites from regional provenance systems but insufficient at differentiating between sites within a single system. Differentiating among sites within a single system will likely require microchemical analysis of mineral inclusions and analysis of trace element signatures.
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Chini, S. Farshid, and Alidad Amirfazli. "A diffusive model for evaporation of spherical water drops at room temperature and standard pressure." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185752.
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Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198396.
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Stech, Pedro Henrique. "Parâmetros do projeto geométrico para trens de passageiros de alta velocidade e longo percurso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-30032012-121739/.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal direcionar a tomada de decisões para a escolha dos diferentes parâmetros que envolvem o alinhamento horizontal e vertical do projeto geométrico ferroviário de trens de alta velocidade (TAV) e de longo percurso, bem como descrever conceitos teóricos para parâmetros de segurança e conforto, baseados em normas internacionais. A pesquisa se desenvolve através de consultas em revistas especializadas, artigos, publicações, normas técnicas e livros. Pela escassez de dados em língua nacional e material bibliográfico desatualizado, as pesquisas se concentram essencialmente em material internacional. Apesar do Brasil ser um dos países em desenvolvimento com maior ascensão no cenário global, tem apresentado, nas últimas décadas, sérios problemas de infra-estrutura devido a uma distribuição desequilibrada na área de transportes, com altíssima concentração no modo rodoviário, com aeroportos e rodovias operando acima da capacidade satisfatória, além de um leque limitado de alternativas de transporte. Devido à falta de investimentos no setor ferroviário, grande parte da malha ferroviária brasileira tornou-se inoperante ou até mesmo inexistente, resultando numa enorme diminuição da mão de obra qualificada e formação acadêmica nesse ramo. Como conseqüência, os estudos relacionados ao projeto ferroviário também foram afetados diretamente. Nesse contexto, é importante que se resgate normas, publicações, especificações técnicas e experiências adotadas em outros países com sólidas tradições ferroviárias, de modo a incorporar em nossa formação acadêmica tais conceitos, como é um dos objetivos dessa dissertação.This dissertation has as main objective to guide in taking decisions for the selection of different parameters which involve the horizontal and vertical railway geometric design of high speed (HST) and long distance trains as well as theoretical concepts for describing security parameters and comfort, based on international standards. The research is developed through consultations in specialized magazines, articles, publications, standards and technical books. Due to the scarcity of data in the national language and outdated library materials, the research focuses primarily on international material. Although Brazil is a developing country with one of the highest rises in the global scene, the country has faced in recent decades serious infrastructure problems due to an uneven distribution in the area of transport, with high concentration in the road, and airports and roads operating above satisfactory capacity, resulted by a limited range of transportation alternatives. Due to the lack of investment in the railway sector, much of the Brazilian railway system became inoperative or even nonexistent, resulting in a tremendous decrease of skilled labor and academic training in this field. As a result, studies related to the railway project have also been directly impacted. In this context, it is important to rescue standards, publications, experiences and technical specifications adopted in other countries with strong tradition in railways in order to incorporate these concepts into our academic formation, which is one of the purposes of this dissertation.
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Shilarnav, Shashi R. "Transcoding transport stream mpeg2." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5068.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Chini, S. Farshid, and Alidad Amirfazli. "A diffusive model for evaporation of spherical water drops at room temperature and standard pressure." Diffusion fundamentals 16 (2011) 79, S. 1, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13824.
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Majer, Günter, and Klaus Zick. "Calibration of the diffusion coefficients of the FCS standard Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solutions." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 34, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14549.
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Regan, David G., Konstantin I. Momot, Penny J. Martens, Philip W. Kuchel, and Laura Poole-Warren. "NMR measurement of small-molecule diffusion in PVA hydrogels: a comparison of CONVEX and standard PGSE methods." Diffusion fundamentals 4 (2006) 1, S. 1-18, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14274.
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Hydrogels are biocompatible polymeric materials that are becoming increasingly important in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. Understanding of small-molecule diffusion in these systems is important in the contexts of controlled
drug release; transport of nutrients (e.g., O2 and growth factors) into the gel; and transport of cellular waste out of the gel. In this work, the diffusion coefficient of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) in non-crosslinked and crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels was measured using two NMR diffusion methods, CONVEX and the standard pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE). Pulsed field-gradient (PFG) NMR measurements provide the advantage of measuring the molecular selfdiffusion coefficient directly and without having to rely on the physical release of the solute, but are often difficult to perform in tissues and hydrated polymers due to a large water signal. CONVEX is a recently proposed diffusion method that alleviates this problem by means of NMR excitation-sculpting water suppression. In the measurements presented here, CONVEX results were superior to those from PGSE measurements with respect to every test applied, and enabled a reliable comparison of the diffusion coefficients of Phe in crosslinked and
non-crosslinked hydrogels. The value of D(Phe) was smaller in the non-crosslinked hydrogel than in the crosslinked gel; this finding is discussed in the paper.
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ANGELOCCI, LUCAS V. "Estudo de casos clínicos em radioterapia através do sistema de planejamento AMIGOBrachy." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26926.
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O sucesso de uma radioterapia depende do correto planejamento da dose a ser entregue ao volume alvo. Na braquiterapia, modalidade da radioterapia onde um radioisótopo selado é implantado intracavitariamente ou intersticialmente no paciente, há menos avanços em sistemas de planejamento de tratamento computacionais do que na teleterapia, amplamente mais utilizada nos serviços típicos. Porém, a braquiterapia, quando aplicável, é preferível por poupar tecidos sadios vizinhos de uma dose desnecessária. O AMIGOBrachy, um sistema de planejamento para braquiterapia de interface amigável, compatibilidade com outros sistemas comerciais em uso e integrado ao código MCNP6 (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code v. 6) foi desenvolvido no Centro de Engenharia Nuclear do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (CEN-IPEN) e atualmente está em processo de validação. Este trabalho contribuiu para este processo, avaliando três diferentes casos clínicos através do AMIGOBrachy com o formalismo do TG43 da AAPM (Associação Americana de Física Médica), protocolo que rege a dosimetria em braquiterapia, e comparando seus resultados com as distribuições de dose calculadas por outros sistemas comerciais consagrados: Varian BrachyVision TM (Varian Medical Systems; Palo Alto, CA, EUA) e Nucletron Oncentra® (Elekta; Estocolmo, Suécia). Os resultados obtidos estão dentro de uma faixa de concordância de ±10%, estando mais discrepantes em regiões muito próximas do aplicador, onde os sistemas de planejamento comerciais e o AMIGOBrachy divergem devido aos diferentes métodos de cálculo. Em pelo menos dois terços da região de interesse, porém, a dose concordou em uma faixa de ±3% para os três casos. Também foram realizadas simulações utilizando o formalismo do TG186 da AAPM, que considera heterogeneidades no tecido, para avaliar o impacto dos mesmos na dose. Em adição ao processo de validação, também foi realizado um estudo em braquiterapia oftálmica para posterior inserção de um módulo adicional ao AMIGOBrachy; para isso, um modelo de olho humano foi desenvolvido utilizando geometria UM (Unstructured Mesh), para validação com o código MCNP6, que apenas nesta versão demonstra um novo recurso capaz de simular uma geometria híbrida: parcialmente analítica, parcialmente UM. O modelo considera dez diferentes estruturas no olho humano: esclera, coroide, retina, corpo vítreo, córnea, câmara anterior, lente, nervo óptico, parede do nervo óptico, e um tumor definido de forma arbitrária crescendo da superfície externa do globo ocular em direção ao seu centro. Os resultados foram comparados com um modelo de olho puramente analítico modelado com o MCNP6 e tomado como referência. Os resultados foram satisfatórios em todas as simulações desenvolvidas, exceto para as estruturas do nervo óptico e sua parede, que devido ao seu pequeno tamanho e distância da fonte, mostraram erros relativos maiores, mas ainda menores que 10%, e não representam problema de preocupação clínica uma vez que recebem doses muito pequenas. Discutiu-se também a eficácia e problemas encontrados nessa nova capacidade do código MCNP de simular geometrias híbridas, uma vez que é recente e ainda apresenta deficiências, que tiveram que ser contornadas no presente trabalho.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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David-Henriet, Xavier. "Discrete Event Systems with Standard and Partial Synchronizations." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0010/document.
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De nombreux systèmes de transport peuvent être modélisées par des synchronisations ordinaires (pour tout k>=l, l'occurrence k de l'événement B se produit au moins t unités de temps après l'occurrence k-l de l'événement A). Ces systèmes sont linéaires dans l'algèbre (max,+). Pour certaines applications, il est primordial de modéliser la simultanéité entre événements. Comme la synchronisation ordinaire ne suffit pas à exprimer ce phénomène, nous introduisons la synchronisation partielle (l'événement B ne peut se produire que quand l'événement A se produit). Dans ce mémoire, des méthodes développées pour la modélisation et le contrôle de systèmes linéaires dans l'algèbre (max,+) sont étendues à des systèmes régis par des synchronisations ordinaires et partielles. Nous considérons uniquement des systèmes divisés en un système principal et un système secondaire et gouvernés par des synchronisations ordinaires entre événements dans le même système et des synchronisations partielles d'événements dans le système secondaire par des événements dans le système principal. Nous introduisons une commande optimale et une commande prédictive pour cette classe de systèmes par analogie avec les résultats disponibles pour les systèmes linéaires dans l'algèbre (max,+). En considérant un comportement donné pour le système principal, il est aussi possible de représenter le système secondaire par une fonction de transfert et de modifier sa dynamique pour suivre un modèle de référenceMany transportation networks can be modeled by (max,+)-linear systems, i.e., discrete event systems ruled by standard synchronizations (conditions of the form: "for all k>=l, occurrence k of event B is at least t units of time after occurrence k-l of event A"). In some applications, it is also necessary to model simultaneity between events (e.g., for a road equipped with traffic lights, a vehicle can cross an intersection only when the associated traffic light is green). Such conditions cannot be expressed using standard synchronizations. Hence, we introduce the partial synchronization (condition of the form: "event B can only occur when event A occurs"). In this thesis, we consider a class of discrete event systems ruled by standard and partial synchronizations, called (max,+)-systems with partial synchronization. Such systems are split into a main system and a secondary system such that there exist only standard synchronizations between events in the same system and partial synchronizations of events in the secondary system by events in the main system. We adapt some modeling and control approaches developed for (max,+)-linear systems to (max,+)-systems with partial synchronization. Optimal feedforward control and model predictive control for (max,+)-linear systems are extended to (max,+)-systems with partial synchronization. Furthermore, transfer relation and model reference control are provided for the secondary system under a predefined behavior of the main system
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Pacudan, Roméo. "La gestion des transports urbains dans les pays en urbanisation rapide , de l'approche standard à l'approche intégrée : le cas de Bangkok et de Singapour." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21017.
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La these montre qu'une approche strictement economique, bien que importante, n'est pas suffisante pour la gestion des effets externes de congestion et de pollution du transport urbain dans les megacities des pays en developpement. Une approche integree, qui comprent des mesures politiques liees a la gestion de la demande de transport urbain, au developpement et a la gestion de l'infrastructure de transport et aux options technologiques, est proposee. Deux experiences contrastees dans les pays en urbanisation rapide de l'asie telles que celles de bangkok (un echec relatif) et de singapour (une reussite) sont utilisees pour demontrer la proposition evoquee ci-dessus. L'etude montre par ailleurs qu'alors que les mesures adoptees par une economie pourraient expliquer le succes ou l'echec relatif d'une politique donnee, le choix et l'efficacite d'une mesure ne peuvent etre compris correctement qu'en prenant en compte le contexte institutionnel d'une economie, dans le cas de bangkok et de singapourThe research study shows that an approach stricly economic though important is not sufficient in managing congestion and environmental externalities of urban transport in the megacities of developing countries. An integrated approach which consists of policy measures related to urban transport demand management, infrastructure development and management and technological options, is proposed. Two contrasting experiences in rapidly urbanizing countries of asia namely bangkok (a cas of relative failure) and singapore (a cas of success) are used to demonstrate to above proposition. The study furthermore shows that while the measures adopted by a given economy could explain the relative success or failure of a given policy, the choice and the effectiveness of a policy measure can only be properly understood by taking into account the institutional context of a given economy as elaborated in the case of bangkok and singapore
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Kioungou, Ance. "La faute du commissionaire de transport." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010298.
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Quel étrange personnage que le commissionnaire de transport ! Cet acteur majeur du monde des transports est à l’origine de nombreuses controverses doctrinales et d’un abondant contentieux judiciaire. Professionnel chargé d’organiser le transport des marchandises pour le compte d’un donneur d’ordre, il supporte une double responsabilité, de son fait personnel et du fait de tous les prestataires qu’il se substitue dans l’exécution de sa mission. Si le recours à la commission de transport est très fréquent, c’est parce qu’elle offre de garanties intéressantes aux clients, notamment la prise en charge intégrale de l’organisation du transport avec les risques qu’elle comporte. Cependant, en analysant attentivement la jurisprudence de ces dernières années, on a pu observer que la responsabilité de la plupart des commissionnaires de transport a été très lourdement appréciée. Le motif souvent retenu étant la faute personnelle, facilement assimilée à la faute lourde par les juges, avec pour conséquence la perte du bénéfice des limitations d’indemnités pour ce dernier. Que recouvre précisément la faute du commissionnaire de transport ? Sur ce point, on a assisté à une jurisprudence inflationniste notamment sur le devoir de conseil, les contours de cette notion n’étant pas clairement définis. La situation était devenue si préoccupante que les pouvoirs publics ont cru bon d’intervenir à travers deux réformes majeures. D’abord par la loi du 8 décembre 2009 avec l’introduction du nouvel article L.133-8 du Code de commerce, qui conditionne dorénavant l’exclusion des limitations d’indemnités à la preuve d’une faute dolosive ou inexcusable du commissionnaire de transport ou du transporteur. Ensuite par l’adoption du contrat type commission de transport (en vigueur depuis 2013). Ce contrat type, fruit d’une longue et laborieuse négociation entre les professionnels de ce secteur, encadre sérieusement la responsabilité personnelle du commissionnaire de transport. Comment appréhender alors la faute du commissionnaire de transport à la lumière de ces réformes ? C’est à cette question essentielle que ce travail va tenter d’apporter des éléments de réponses en s’appuyant sur les textes en vigueur et de la pratique observée dans les prétoiresWhat a strange character the freight forwarder (Agent) is ! This leading player of the world of transport is the source of several doctrinal debates and implies a plentiful judicial dispute. Professional appointed to organize the transport of the goods on behalf of a contractor, he bears a double responsibility, of his personal fact and because of all the persons receiving benefits for whom he substitutes itself in the execution of his mission. If the appeal to the committee of transport is very frequent, it is due to the interesting guarantees it offers to the customers, in particular the complete coverage of the organization of the transport with the risks which it involves. However, by carefully analyzing the jurisprudence of recent years, it has been observed that the responsibility for most freight forwarders was very heavily estimated. The often held motive being the personal fault easily likened to the serious offence by the judges, involving the loss of the profit of the limitations of compensations for the latter. What does exactly the fault of the forwarder cover? On this point, we attended an inflationary jurisprudence in particular on the duty of advice, the outlines of this notion not being clearly defined. The situation had become so worrisome as public authorities saw fit to intervene through two fundamental reforms. At first by the law of December 8th, 2009 with the introduction of the new article L.133-8 of the Commercial law, which conditions from now on the exclusion of the limitations of compensations in the proof of a dolosive or unforgivable fault of the agent of transport or the carrier. And then by the adoption of the standard commission contract of transport (in force since 2013). This standard contract, fruit of a long and laborious negotiation between the professionals of this sector, frames seriously the personal liability of the forwarder. How to identify then the fault of the forwarder in the light of these reforms? It is to this essential question that this work is going to try to bring elements of answers based on the current texts and the practice observed in the courts of justice
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Deshayes, Olivier. "L'amélioration de l'application et de l'interprétation uniformes des conventions internationales relatives au contrat de transport : le cas de la faute qualifiée." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR034.
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Les conventions internationales de droit uniforme du commerce international ont pour but d'adopter un ensemble de règles qui soient communes et directement applicables aux rapports juridiques existant entre les différentes parties à un contrat commercial international. L'uniformité de ces conventions peut cependant être rompue en raison d'interprétations divergentes dont certaines de leurs dispositions font l'objet de la part des différents juges nationaux. C'est en particulier le cas des dispositions relatives à la faute qualifiée dans les conventions internationales de droit uniforme relatives au contrat de transport. Pour réduire les divergences d'interprétation en ce domaine, il a été proposé de changer la formulation de cette faute qualifiée qui après avoir été formulée au moyen d'un standard, l'a donc été au moyen d'une définition. Cette thèse s'est dans un premier temps intéressée à l'étude des résultats obtenus en matière d'uniformité d'interprétation de cette faute qualifiée sous l'empire du standard, puis sous celui de la définition. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence le fait qu'au-delà de la rédaction de la faute qualifiée au moyen d'un standard ou d'une définition, les divergences d'interprétation apparaissaient ou pouvaient apparaître à cause notamment de divers éléments perturbateurs qui ont été identifiés et au sujet desquels un premier niveau de propositions de solutions a été fait. Cependant, ces propositions de solutions, qui consistent globalement à adopter une interprétation en tenant compte des divers éléments perturbateurs de l'uniformité de l'interprétation qui ont été identifiés, doivent être mise en œuvre au moyen de mécanismes dont la création est nécessaire. C'est ce que cette thèse a proposé dans un deuxième temps.En effet, ces mécanismes ont pour objet la délivrance de recommandations interprétatives aux sujet des dispositions conventionnelles faisant l'objet, au moins potentiellement, de divergences d'interprétation. Ces recommandations sont à destination des juridictions des Etats parties aux conventions concernées et bénéficient d'un statut sui generis qui justifie qu'elles soient prises en compte par le juge. Si c'est la faute qualifiée dans les conventions internationales de droit uniforme relatives au contrat de transport qui a servi de support et de fil conducteur pour cette étude, les éléments de solution proposés ont toutefois vocation à s'appliquer, selon le même schéma, dans d'autres domaines que celui du droit des transports, régis par des conventions internationales de droit uniforme du commerce internationalThe purpose of international conventions of uniform international trade law is to adopt a set of rules that are common and directly applicable to the legal relationship between the parties to an international commercial contract. The uniformity of these conventions can, however, be broken by divergent interpretations of which some of their provisions are the subject of the various national judges. This is particularly the case of the provisions relating to misconduct described in the international conventions of uniform law relating to the contract of carriage. In order to reduce differences of interpretation in this area, it has been proposed to change the wording of this qualified fault which, after having been formulated by means of a standard, has thus been made by means of a definition. This thesis was at first interested in the study of the results obtained in terms of uniformity of interpretation of this qualified fault under the influence of the standard, then under that of the definition. This made it possible to highlight the fact that beyond the drafting of the qualified fault by means of a standard or a definition, the divergences of interpretation appeared or could appear because of various disruptive elements which have been identified and for which a first level of proposals for solutions has been made. However, these proposals for solutions, which generally consist in adopting an interpretation taking into account the various disruptive elements of uniformity of interpretation that have been identified, must be implemented through mechanisms that are necessary to create. This is what this thesis proposed in a second step. The purpose of these mechanisms is to issue interpretative recommendations on conventional provisions that are the subject of at least potentially divergent interpretations. These recommendations are addressed to the courts of the States Parties to the conventions concerned and enjoy a sui generis status which justifies them being taken into account by the judge.If it is the misconduct described in the international agreements of uniform law relating to the contract of carriage which served as support and guideline for this study, the proposed elements of solution are however intended to apply, according to the same scheme, in other fields than transport law, governed by international conventions of uniform international trade law
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Makela, Mark F. "Polarized Ultracold Neutrons: their transport in diamond guides and potential to search for physics beyond the standard model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26194.
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Experiments with polarized "ultracold neutrons" (UCN) offer a new way to measure the decay correlations of neutron beta decay; these correlations can be used to test the completeness of the Standard Model and predict physics beyond it. Ultracold neutrons are very low energy neutrons that can be trapped inside of material and magnetic bottles. The decay correlations in combination with the neutron and muon lifetimes experimentally find the first element (Vud) of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix. The CKM matrix is a unitary transform between the mass and weak eigenstates of the d, s and b quarks; if the matrix is not unitary this would imply that the Standard Model is not complete. Currently the first row of the CKM matrix is over 2 sigma from unitarity and Vud is the largest component of the row.
The UCNA experiment looks at the correlation between the polarization of the neutron and the momentum of the electron resulting from the beta decay of the neutron (the A-correlation). The keys to making a high precision measurement of A-correlation are a near 100% polarization of the neutrons that decay, low"backscatter electron detectors, and small, well characterized backgrounds. UCN can be 100% polarized by passing them through a seven Telsa magnetic field. The key to the UCNA experiment is keeping them polarized until they decay or are lost.
This dissertation covers the development of guides that are minimally depolarizing and efficient transporters of UCN and their use in the UCNA experiment. The entire guide development process is covered from conception to manufacturing and testing. This process includes development of a pulsed laser deposition, diamond-like carbon coating system and materials studies of the resulting coatings. After the initial studies of the guide coating, meter"long sections of guide are tested with UCN to determine their depolarization and transport properties.
The guide technology developed in this dissertation has been used in the entire UCNA experiment. Also, this technology is currently the state of the art for polarized and non-polarized UCN guide systems and it is being implemented in several new UCN experiments.Ph. D.
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Farhana, Frank. "Le commissionnaire de transport en droit comparé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32050.
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Le transport international de marchandises s’est développé grâce à la conteneurisation et à l’augmentation des échanges internationaux. Pour les organisateurs de transport, ceci a conduit à une plus lourde responsabilité et créé une certaine insécurité juridique.Le commissionnaire de transport français pose moins de problèmes quant au régime juridique qui lui est applicable alors que ses homologues étrangers engagés dans l’organisation du transport n’étaient pas préparés, pour la plupart, à cette évolution et par conséquent, il s’en est suivi de nombreux contentieux concernant leur qualification. En effet, ces organisateurs étrangers que nous désignerons comme intermédiaire de transport ou freight forwarder peuvent, selon leur engagement, agir en tant qu'« agent » ou « principal ». Afin de pouvoir déterminer leur qualification juridique exacte, les critères permettant leur distinction seront analysés à travers la jurisprudence. De plus, l’étendue de leurs obligations et responsabilités légales ou contractuelles sera abordée. En effet, dans tous les pays, des associations nationales de professionnels du transport ont élaboré des conditions générales disparates et variées afin de réguler les activités de leurs adhérents. De ce fait, l’analyse portant sur l’opposabilité des clauses de nature purement contractuelle s’avère nécessaire et donc, toute étude comparative entre les différents régimes légaux ou cadres contractuels permettra une approche pragmatique et juridique aidant à la résolution des litiges.Le développement du transport multimodal, grâce à la conteneurisation, a conduit à de multiples tentatives pour uniformiser le régime applicable à l'entrepreneur de transport, comme cela peut être actuellement le cas pour les transporteurs régis par des conventions unimodales. Ces tentatives d’uniformisation pour instaurer une convention internationale ayant toutes échoué, hormis quelques accords régionaux, la Fédération Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilés a pris l’initiative d’éditer des règles de nature purement contractuelle, laissant le choix à ses membres de s’y référer lorsqu’ils s’engagent comme entrepreneurs de transport multimodal.Actuellement, une convention internationale connue sous le nom de « Règles de Rotterdam » a été élaborée pour régir un transport transmaritime, celle-ci ayant pour but d’uniformiser les droits et obligations des parties. Nous analyserons son impact sur ceux de l’entrepreneur de transport qu’il agisse comme chargeur ou transporteur. De même, la connaissance de la teneur de la loi applicable, telle que déterminée par les règles de conflit de lois, permettra au praticien de mieux appréhender la résolution des litigesThe international transport of goods has developed thanks to the containerization and the increase in the world-wide exchanges. For the organizers of transport, this has led to greater responsibility and created some legal unsecurity. The French transport commissioner (Commissionaire de transport) gives less problems regarding the legal system applicable to him while his foreign counterparts engaged in the organization of transport were not prepared for the majority to this evolution, and therefore, many disputes have arisen concerning their qualification. Indeed, the foreign organizers that we shall designate as transport intermediary or freight forwarder can, according to their engagement, act like « agent » or « principal ». In order to be able to determine their exact legal qualification, the criteria allowing their distinction will be analyzed through the jurisprudence. Besides, the extent of their obligations and legal or contractual responsibilities will be tackled. Indeed, in all the countries, national associations of professionals of transport have worked out varied and diversified general conditions to regulate the activities of their members. By this very fact, the analysis of the opposability of purely contractual clauses proves to be necessary, and therefore, any comparative study between the various legal systems or contractual frameworks will allow a pragmatic and legal approach helping the resolution of litigations. The development of multimodal transport, thanks to the containerization, has led to multiple attempts to standardize the system applicable to the transport operator, as it may currently be the case for carriers governed by unimodal conventions. These attempts of standardization for establishing an international convention having all failed, apart from few regional agreements, the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations have taken the initiative to publish rules of purely contractual nature, giving their members the choice to refer thereto when they engage as multimodal transport operators.At present, an international convention known under the name of « Rotterdam Rules » has been worked out to govern a transmaritime transport, having for aim to standardize the rights and obligations of the parties. We shall analyze its impact on the transport operator whether acting as shipper or carrier. Likewise, the knowledge of the content of the applicable law, as determined by the rules of conflict of laws, will enable a practitioner to better grasp the resolution of litigations
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Andersson, Gabriella, and Eva Jonsson. "Transport Cartons' Impact on Supply Chain Efficiency." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261675.
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Large product assortments commonly lead to that fast fashion retailers have a large number of transport cartons, with varying sizes, to distribute products from manufacturing sites to distribution centers. Ultimately, the transport cartons have a large impact on the supply chain efficiency, as they affect several nodes in the supply chain network. Previous research has considered transport cartons’ impact on individual supply chain nodes, but little research has been devoted to evaluate the transport cartons impact on the supply chain network as a whole. Thus, this thesis aims to contribute with knowledge to bridge the gap in literature by investigating how a company’s transport cartons affect the overall supply chain efficiency, by applying a holistic perspective. The thesis was conducted as a case study in collaboration with Hennes & Mauritz (H&M), aworld-leading fast fashion retailer. The research identifies opportunities and challenges related totransport carton usage, and how the cartons impact supply chain efficiency. Moreover, the research evaluates the costs associated with different sets of transport carton sizes, based on acost estimation model constructed on data provided by H&M. It is concluded that a small set oftransport carton sizes could increase supply chain efficiency and generate potential cost savingsdue to mainly two reasons. First, a small set of transport cartons could lead to efficient containerloading. Second, it could lead to efficient carton handling and optimal space utilization in thedistribution centers.Till följd av stora produktsortiment har snabbmodeaktörer ofta ett stort set av transportkartonger, med varierande storlekar, för att distribuera produkterna från tillverkning till varuhus. Eftersom transportkartongerna påverkar fler noder i försörjningskedjan, har de följaktligen stor påverkan på hur effektiv försörjningskedjan är. Tidigare forskning har utvärderat hur transportkartongerna kan påverka enskilda noder i försörjningskedjan, men lite fokus har ägnats åt att utvärdera kartongernas effekt på försörjningskedjan, sett ur ett helhetsperspektiv. Detta examensarbete syftar till att bidra med kunskap för att överbrygga detta gap genom att undersöka hur ett företags transportkartonger påverkar den totala försörjningskedjans effektivitet genom att tillämpa ett helhetsperspektiv. Examensarbetet genomfördes som en fallstudie i samarbete med Hennes & Mauritz (H&M), som är en av de världsledande aktörerna inom snabbmode. Studien identifierar möjligheter och utmaningar relaterade till transportkartonganvändning, och hur kartongerna påverkar försörjningskedjans effektivitet. Vidare utvärderades kostnaden av att ha olika uppsättningar av transportkartonger, baserat på en beräkningsmodell grundad på data från H&M. Resultaten visade att ett litet set av transportkartonger kan ha positiv påverkan på försörjningskedjans effektivitet och generera kostnadsbesparingar till följd av två huvudsakliga anledningar. Den första anledningen är att ett litet set förenklar effektiv containerladdning. Den andra anledningen är att det kan leda till mer effektiv kartonghantering på lager och bättre utnyttjande av lagerutrymme.
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Peiter, Fernanda Santana. "Avaliação da qualidade ambiental interna no transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-29092014-170756/.
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A circulação no trânsito das cidades faz parte da rotina das pessoas, que podem despender tempos consideráveis dentro de automóveis durante seus deslocamentos. Fatores como a emissão de gases provinda do tráfego e a má circulação de ar podem afetar a qualidade ambiental no interior dos veículos e torná-lo prejudicial à saúde de seus ocupantes. Sendo assim, durante vinte dias aleatórios, entre agosto e dezembro de 2013, monitorou-se o ambiente interno de um dos ônibus pertencentes ao sistema de transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos. Foram medidos temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, ruído, monóxido e dióxido de carbono, compostos orgânicos voláteis totais (COVT) e material particulado. Os dados encontrados foram analisados baseando-se em distintas normas e padrões. Observou-se também a influência dos parâmetros avaliados na saúde das pessoas, de acordo com a literatura. Dentre as referências consultadas, consideraram-se os valores limites recomendados pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (normas NR-15, NR-17 e NHO 01), pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Resolução 09/03), pelo Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (Resolução 03/90) e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. A partir dos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, calculou-se o índice de calor (Heat Index) utilizado pela National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration dos EUA, para averiguação do conforto térmico. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis de temperatura, umidade relativa, índice de calor e material particulado estiveram, em sua maioria, acima dos valores referenciais. O ruído também constitui um fator preocupante, apesar de os valores encontrados estarem abaixo do limite máximo de 85 dB(A), pois, pesquisas recentes indicam que níveis acima de 60 dB(A) tendem trazer complicações à saúde (Willich et al., 2006). Ao observar as concentrações dos óxidos de carbono, notou-se a interferência da poluição provinda do meio externo. Por fim, conclui-se que a qualidade ambiental interna do ônibus pode ser prejudicial principalmente aos cobradores e motoristas, que trabalham neste ambiente por muitas horas diárias.The movement of traffic in cities is part of the people\'s routine that can spend considerable time inside automobiles during their displacement. Factors such as greenhouse gas emissions from traffic and poor air circulation can affect the environmental quality inside vehicles and make it harmful to the health of its occupants. Thus, for twenty random days between August and December 2013, air quality inside one of the buses belonging to the public transportation system of the city of São Carlos was monitored. Temperature, relative humidity, noise, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and particulate matter were measured. Data were analyzed based on limiting values recommended by different institutions and observing the influence of the parameters measured in people\'s health, according to the literature. Were taken as reference standards established by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (standards NR-15, NR-17 and NHO 01), the National Health Surveillance Agency (Resolution 09/03), the National Environmental Council (Resolution 03 / 90) and the World Health Organization. Aiming to verify the thermal sensation, we calculated the Heat Index used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the USA. The results show that levels of temperature, relative humidity, heat index and particulate matter are mostly above the reference values. Noise is also a worrying factor, despite being within the ceiling of 85 dB (A), because, according to recent surveys, over 60 dB (A) there is potential damage to health (Willich et al., 2006). By observing the concentrations of oxides of carbon, it was noted interference stemmed from the pollution of the external environment. Finally, it is concluded that the air quality inside the bus can be harmful especially to collectors and drivers, working in this environment for many hours a day.
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Vallée, Pascal. "Estimation du risque de chute suite à une perturbation d’équilibre." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10261/document.
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Les chutes sont la deuxième cause de décès accidentels par traumatisme involontaire dans le monde. Les conséquences physiques et psychologiques représentent aussi un frein important à la mobilité des personnes âgées. Prévenir ces chutes apparait donc comme un enjeu majeur. Une première étape nécessaire est d'identifier les situations présentant un risque de chute important. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils permettant de faire le lien entre une perturbation et le risque de chute associé. Dans une première partie, un modèle simple permet d'estimer les états à partir desquels il est possible de retourner dans une situation d'équilibre. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux perturbations externes continues. Les résultats de la littérature étant limités sur cet aspect, une campagne expérimentale a été mise en place pour identifier les effets de certains paramètres de la perturbation sur le seuil de rattrapage. Le modèle est alors étendu pour traiter le cas de perturbations de l'équilibre ayant un profil temporel variable. Pour finir, nous proposons une modélisation utilisant un contrôleur basé sur la commande prédictive mettant en avant la régulation des stratégies de rattrapage. L'ensemble de ces travaux mettent en avant l'influence des paramètres liés au rattrapage qu'il est difficile d'appréhender lors d'expérimentations. Ils montrent également l'importance de la caractérisation de l'élément déclencheur de la perte d'équilibre dont la description est souvent incomplète dans la littérature. Certaines améliorations peuvent être apportées comme la représentation d'appuis non-coplanaires ou une intégration plus détaillée des aspects sensorielsFalling is the second most important cause of accidental deaths in the world. These falls lead to physical injuries and psychological consequences which limit mobility especially for the elderly. Being able to prevent these events appears to be crucial and a first mandatory step is to identify the risk of fall depending on the situation (slipping, hazardous environment …). The objective of this thesis is to propose numerical tools in order to link the risk of fall to the balance perturbation. In a first part, a simple numerical model estimates if initial unbalanced states can be recovered using one recovery step. Then a focus was made on external perturbations with a specific temporal profile close to public transportation perturbations. An experimental protocol was set up due to the lack of knowledge about these perturbations. The experiment investigated the effect of the perturbation parameters on the Balance Recovery (BR) threshold. An adjustment of the previous model was made to evaluate continuous perturbations and to compare its results against our experimental findings. The final chapter developed a complementary approach based on previous work using a model predictive control scheme which aims to regulate BR strategies. This whole work contributes to highlight the BR parameters which are difficult to assess during experimental procedures. It also points out the perturbation definition which is frequently incomplete in the literature although it is the phenomenon responsible for the BR process. In order to represent more realistic human behaviors some improvements can be done such as adding noncoplanar contacts or as integrating more detailed sensorimotor aspects
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Korieh, Amal. "Etude cinétique des effets de l'apport alimentaire de fructose, suivi du retour au régime standard, sur le transporteur intestinal et les enzymes intestinales et hépatiques spécifiques de ce sucre." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10085.
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En utilisant les effets specifiques de l'apport alimentaire de fructose nous avons montre que: 1) l'activation du transport du fructose par les vesicules de membrane microvillositaire est maximale 6 jours apres l'addition de l'inducteur au regime (km passe de 110 a 95 mm, vmax de 170 a 306 nmol/min/mg de proteines). La desactivation est accomplie en moins de 9 jours; 2) l'activation de 8 enzymes du metabolisme glucidique, parmi lesquelles les 3 enzymes caracteristiques du metabolisme du fructose (cetohexokinase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase et triokinase), est rapide. La desactivation est lente, particulierement dans la muqueuse intestinale comparativement au foie. Dans la muqueuse intestinale, plusieurs enzymes conservent une activite superieure a la valeur de base 15 jours apres le retour au regime depourvu de fructose; 3) l'apport de fructose pendant la gestation n'a aucun effet sur les activites enzymatiques chez les ftus de 20 jours et les ratons ages de 0, 3, ou 9 jours. En particulier le developpement de l'activite cetohexokinasique, absente chez les ftus, n'est pas accelere par l'apport de fructose a la mere. L'ensemble du travail confirme que dans le cas des enzymes, les processus d'induction s'etablissent en un temps de l'ordre de 24 heures, alors que la desinduction demande une semaine ou plus. Dans le cas du transport microvillositaire du fructose, les deux processus ont une duree comparable
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Janzén, David. "Standard two-stage and Nonlinear mixed effect modelling for determination of cell-to-cell variation of transport parameters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78486.
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The interest for cell-to-cell variation has in recent years increased in a steady pace. Several studies have shown that a large portion of the observed variation in the nature originates from the fact that all biochemical reactions are in some respect stochastic. Interestingly, nature has evolved highly advanced frameworks specialized in dealing with stochasticity in order to still be able to produce the delicate signalling pathways that are present in even very simple single-cell organisms. Such a simple organism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is the organism that has been studied in this thesis. More particulary, the distribution of the transport rate in S. cerevisiae has been studied by a mathematical modelling approach. It is shown that a two-compartment model can adequately describe the flow of a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) between the cytosol and the nucleus. A profile likelihood (PLH) analysis shows that the parameters in the two-compartment model are identifiable and well-defined under the experimental data of YFP. Furthermore, the result from this model shows that the distribution of the transport rates in the 80 studied cells is lognormal. Also, in contradiction to prior beliefs, no significant difference between recently divided mother and daughter cells in terms of transport rates of YFP is to be seen. The modelling is performed by using both standard two-stage(STS) and nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). A methodological comparison between the two very different mathematical STS and NONMEM is also presented. STS is today the conventional approach in studies of cell-to-cell variation. However, in this thesis it is shown that NONMEM, which has originally been developed for population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies, is at least as good, or in some cases even a better approach than STS in studies of cell-to-cell variation. Finally, a new approach in studies of cell-to-cell variation is suggested that involves a combination of STS, NONMEM and PLH. In particular, it is shown that this combination of different methods would be especially useful if the data is sparse. By applying this combination of methods, the uncertainty in the estimation of the variability could be greatly reduced.
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Raggio, Quintas Juan Pablo. "Metodologia para avaliação de ruído e vibração no corpo humano em navios de transporte de cargas perigosas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17888.
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Este trabalho apresenta a medição e avaliação dos níveis de ruído e vibração que a tripulação de um navio, que transporta cargas perigosas na bacia do sul, está submetida e propor soluções para diminuir essa exposição. Levando em conta que a tripulação está exposta durante toda a viagem do navio a redução dos níveis de ruído e vibração é de suma importância para melhorar o conforto e a prevenção de moléstias e ou doenças decorrentes dessa exposição. Foram realizadas medições do nível de pressão sonora e aceleração nas três direções em camarotes e na praça de máquinas do navio em estudo. Foram comparadas com normas que regem os níveis de ruído e vibração adequados para embarcações marítimas. Através da análise do espectro de frequência e do espectro cruzado das medições realizadas foram definidos caminhos de propagação das ondas sonoras e vibratórias e identificadas as frequências que são transmitidas por eles. De posse desses dados são apresentadas propostas de soluções para a diminuição dos níveis de pressão sonora e vibração no navio.This work presents the measurement and assessment a ships crew exposition to noise and vibration. The ship hauls hazardous cargo in the brazilian southern basin. Considering that the crew is exposed throughout the ship's journey reducing the levels of noise and vibration is critical for improved comfort and prevention of exposure aggravated diseases. Sound pressure levels and three dimensional acceleration measurements were performed on the studied vessel's cabins and engine room. The levels of noise and vibration were compared with standards suitable for marine vessels. Propagation paths of sound waves and vibration were defined by analyzing the frequency spectrum and cross spectrum of the measurements as well as their transmitted frequencies. Proposals for based on the data gathered of sound pressure level and vibration reduction are presented.
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Mammei, Russell Rene. "Thin Films for the Transport of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons for Fundamental Symmetry Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28714.
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The use of ultracold neutrons (UCN) to study fundamental parameters such as the neutron lifetime and decay correlations in polarized neutron beta decay are poised to make significant contributions to our understand of the Standard Model and its extensions. To this end, the UCNA experiment is pursuing a precision measurement (0.2%) of the angular correlation between the neutron spin and the direction of emission of the electron in polarized neutron decay (the ``A'' asymmetry). The UCNA experiment makes use of the spallation-driven solid deuterium (SD2) UCN source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The UCN leave the source and are 100% polarized by passing through a strong magnetic field before their decay is observed by a very sensitive electron spectrometer.
UCN guides facilitate the transfer of UCN from the source to the spectrometer. Common guide materials include stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and quartz. Often a thin film is applied to these components to increase their ability to transport/bottle and preserve the polarization of UCN. In the region of the SD2 UCN source, nickel-58 films are applied, whereas once the UCN are polarized, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are employed. This dissertation covers the application, process developments, and characterization of these coatings. In addition a study concerning the surface finish resulting from the mechanical polishing and electropolishing of the guides that make up the UCNA beamline is presented.
Ph. D.
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Irani, Ramin. "Error Detection for DMB Video Streams." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5086.
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The purpose of this thesis is to detect errors in Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) transport stream. DMB uses the MPEG-4 standard for encapsulating Packetized Elementary Stream (PES), and uses the MPEG-2 standard for assembling them in the form of transport stream packets. Recently many research works have been carried out about video stream error detection. They mostly do this by focusing on some decoding parameters related to frame. Processing complexity can be a disadvantage for the proposed methods. In this thesis, we investigated syntax error occurrences due to corruption in the header of the video transport stream. The main focus of the study is the video streams that cannot be decoded. The proposed model is implemented by filtering video and audio packets in order to find the errors. The filters investigate some sources that can affect the video stream playback. The output from this method determines the type, location and duration of the errors. The simplicity of the structure is one of advantages of this model. It can be implemented by three simple filters for detecting errors and a “calculation unit” for calculating the duration of an error. Fast processing is another benefit of the proposed model.
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Menchel, Kfir. "Progressive collapse: comparison of main standards, formulation and validation of new computational procedures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210452.
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Throughout recent history, famous records of building failures may be found, unfortunately accompanied by great human loss and major economic consequences. One of the mechanisms of failure is referred to as ‘progressive collapse’: one or several structural members suddenly fail, whatever the cause (accident or attack). The building then collapses progressively, every load redistribution causing the failure of other structural elements, until the complete failure of the building or of a major part of it. The civil engineering community’s attention to this type of event was first drawn by the progressive collapse of the building called Ronan Point, following a gas explosion in one of the last floors. Different simplified procedures for simulating the effects of progressive collapse can now be found in the literature, some of them described in detail. However, no extensive study can be found, in which these procedures are compared to more complete approaches for progressive collapse simulation, aiming at the comparison of the assumptions underlying them. To further contribute to the elaboration of design codes for progressive collapse, such a study would therefore be of great interest for practitioners.All parties involved with the subject of progressive collapse are currently attempting to bridge the gap between the work done on the research front on the one hand, what can be considered as a fitting numerical model for regular industrial use on the other, and finally, the normalisation committees. The present research work aims at providing insight as to how the gaps between these poles may be reduced. The approach consists in studying the various hypotheses one by one, and gradually adding complexities to the numerical model, if they prove to be warranted by the need for sufficient accuracy. One of the contributions of the present work stems from this approach, in that it provides insight regarding the validity of the various simplifying assumptions. It also leads to the development of procedures which are kept as simple as possible, in an attempt to design them as best as possible for regular industrial use.
The objective of simplifying assumptions validation is pursued in Chapter 2. This chapter consists of the text of a paper entitled “Comparison and study of different progressive collapse simulation techniques for RC structures”, in which the main simplifying assumptions of the progressive collapse guidelines are detailed and assessed. The DoD [1] and GSA [2] static linear and non-linear procedures are investigated, and compared to more complete approaches in order to assess their validity.
In the next two chapters, two new procedures for design against progressive collapse are developed. They are based on quasi-static computations, their main objective being to account accurately for dynamic inertial effects. The first of these chapters consists in the text of a paper entitled “A new pushover analysis procedure for structural progressive collapse based on a kinetic energy criterion”, in which energetic considerations allow for the development of a static equivalent pushover procedure. The second chapter consists of the text of a paper entitled “A new pushover analysis procedure for structural progressive collapse based on optimised load amplification factors”, which uses load amplification factors resulting from optimisation procedures in order to account for dynamic inertial effects. The contributions of these two papers lie in the fact that they offer an improved accuracy on the results, when compared with other procedure available in the literature, which follow the same general principles. The two proposed procedures are thoroughly validated by systematic comparisons with results obtained with the more costly dynamic non-linear computations.
Finally, an additional chapter focuses on the various approaches that can be adopted for the simulation of reinforced concrete beams and columns. Because a rather simple model for reinforced concrete is used in Chapter 2, the bulk of this chapter consists in the implementation of a more complex fibre-based non-linear beam element. Comparisons performed with this model provide insight to the limitations of the simpler model, which is based on the use of lumped plastic hinges, but show this simpler model to be valid for the purposes of the present work.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bravin, Frédérique. "ÉTUDE DU MÉTABOLISME ET DU TRANSPORT DE COMPOSÉS EXOGÈNES GRÂCE À L'ENRICHISSEMENT ISOTOPIQUE UNIFORME AU 13C." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352986.
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L'étude de nombreux composés exogènes (composés étrangers à l'organisme) ne pose pas de difficultés lorsqu'ils sont isolés, purifiés et en quantités suffisantes pour les seuils de détection des appareils de mesure usuels utilisés en biologie (Chromatographie, RMN, Spectrométrie de masse, etc.). Lorsqu'ils se retrouvent dans un fluide biologique (sang, urines, extraits d'organe...), ils sont souvent en quantités telles que l'effet matrice ou le bruit de fond des appareils rend leur détection et leur dosage très délicats. L'utilisation de standards internes marqués uniformément au carbone 13 et/ou à l'azote 15 permet d'obtenir un signal plus facilement reconnaissable et identifiable grâce à la présence des isotopes (pics de masse décalés, massifs isotopiques identifiables en spectrométrie de masse par exemple). C'est pourquoi, en complément des études analytiques et biochimiques du métabolisme de la zéaralénone (ZEN), nous nous sommes intéressés aux calculs prévisionnels de spectres de masse de molécules enrichies à des taux variables (entre 0 et 1) de différents isotopes (13C, 15N, 18O et 2H). Parallèlement nous avons étudié l'influence d'un enrichissement au 13C sur la réactivité d'une molécule donnée, d'un point de vue théorique et expérimental.
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Jonsson, Josefine. "Change And Version Management Of Transport Network Data Between Different Database Models : A Case Study On The Swedish National Road Database." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254520.
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The Swedish Road Administration wants to compile all the national road database data from The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority using a Geographical Information System compiler in order to increase the efficiency of data flow between their respective databases. The objective of this master’s thesis has been to build a software solution containing changed private road data input from The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority and processing it into the OpenTNF standard format. This would enable automatic processing and of private road data to the national road database at the Swedish Road Administration. The work is divided into four parts; 1. Researching standards for databases and version control. 2. Plan the methodology using different resources. 3. Development of a software solution. 4. Analysis. The chosen software is FME by Safe Software. A number of shortcomings such as lack of information on the practical input for the future ANDA system were discovered, therefor some assumptions and simplifications had to be made. Using the assumptions and examples, a functioning solution was created according to the OpenTNF and INSPIRE standards. The examples to fills that gap in knowledge and provide a greater understanding of the usage of the INSPIRE and OpenTNF standards for transport networks. An analysis and a discussion about the existing solution, bottlenecks, faults with the existing database and version management between the databases related to found research is presented. Workflows on different examples for the software solution can be seen in the results. The national road database suffers from low implementation rate and creates issues for making new applications and the ability to adapt to ever-changing nature of planning. Creating a software for automatic update on network data is crucial for the Swedish Road Administration for implementing technologies that are dependent on frequent updates, such as self-driving vehicles.
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Barzngy, Ahmad, and Majid Zangana. "Beläggningsskadors typ, omfattning och orsaker på statliga vägnätet." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215216.
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Trafikverket genomför i dagsläget ett större projekt där undersökningar och analyser utav vägskador på statliga vägar utförs. Syftet med projektet är att långsiktigt förbättra möjligheterna att mäta vägnätet, försöka ta fram mätvärden som kopplar orsaken till skadornas uppkomst och varför vald underhållsåtgärd genomförs. Målet med denna studie är att med hjälp av en omfattande insamlingsfas i PMSv3, som lagrar data utifrån vägytemätningar, att kunna analysera olika typer av vägskador och dess olika egenskaper. Indata har sedan jämförts med Trafikverkets krav på underhållsstandard. Resultatet av datainsamlingen har sedan analyserats och samband mellan visuell skada och mätdata från PMSv3 har observerats. Nyttan med sambanden som har iakttagits leder till bättre förståelse om vilka huvudfaktorer som påverkar vägens nedbrytning och var dem vanligen förekommer. Totalt har 19 av 67 vägsträckor valts ut från datainsamlingen att redovisa och analysera. Det finns indikationer på sambanden utifrån resultatet som är redovisade i analysen och slutsatsen. Med hänsyn till observationerna i PMSv3 ligger denna studie för vidare fördjupning och forskning.The transport administration currently performs a research project where they conduct investigations and analysis of road damage on state road. The purpose of the project is to in the long-term improve the possibilities to measure the road network, try to find the readings that connect the cause for the accidents and why the chosen maintenance is conducted. The aim of this study is to, with the help of an extensive collection phase in PMSv3, that stores data by road surface measurement, to be able to analyse different type of road damages and ther characteristics. Input has then been compared to the transport administrations requirement on maintenance standard. The results of the data collection has then been analysed and conection between visual damage and data from PMSv3 has been observed. The usefulness of the connections that have been observed lead to better understandnings on what main factors that affect the roads breaking down and where they frequently occur. There are indications of connections from the results that have been demostrated in the analysis and the conclusion. With consideration to the observations in PMSv3 lies this study for further depth and research.
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Orozco, Barbosa Luis. "Developpement et evaluation de performances du protocole de transport de l'iso pour reseaux locaux." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066562.
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Ccaccro, Peña Jakeline Evelin, and Amaro Karla Jardy Panéz. "NIC 19: Beneficios a los empleados y su impacto en la rentabilidad de las empresas del sector transporte terrestre de Lima Este en el periodo 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652517.
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El siguiente trabajo de investigación busca establecer el impacto que genera la aplicación de la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 19: “Beneficios a los empleados” en las empresas del sector transporte terrestre de Lima Este en el periodo 2018, ya que, si no se refleja de forma correcta en los Estados Financieros, los usuarios podrían tomar decisiones erradas.
El objetivo principal es determinar el impacto en la rentabilidad de la NIC 19: “Beneficios de los empleados” en las empresas del sector transporte terrestre de Lima Este en el periodo 2018 y de acuerdo con la norma, estos beneficios se clasifican en: beneficios a corto plazo, largo plazo y por terminación.
Para lograr este objetivo, la investigación se desarrolla en cinco partes: en el capítulo I, se investiga el marco teórico y los tipos de beneficios. En el capítulo II, se aborda la problemática de la investigación, objetivos, hipótesis, limitaciones y parámetros. En el capítulo III, se analiza el tipo de metodología de investigación y se determina el tamaño de muestra. En el capítulo IV, se desarrollan las entrevistas a expertos en NIC 19 y en administración de empresas del sector transporte terrestre; también se analiza las encuestas a empresas de transporte terrestre de Lima Este. Adicionalmente, se realizará un caso práctico donde se explicará de qué forma los beneficios a los empleados impactan en la rentabilidad de las empresas. Finalmente, en el capítulo V, se analizan los resultados y se detallan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la investigación realizada.The following research work seeks to investigate the impact generated by the application of International Accounting Standard 19: “Employee benefits” in companies of the land transport sector in East Lima in the period of 2018. Because if not reflected correctly in the Financial Statements, users of such financial statements may make erroneous decisions. The main objective is to determine the impact on profitability of IAS 19: employee benefits of companies in the Eastern Lima land transport sector for the 2018 period and according to IAS 19, these benefits are classified: short-term, long-term and termination benefits for employees in Peru. In this way, the research was developed in five parts: In Chapter I, the theoretical issues that support the approach and the types of benefits that we will investigate. In Chapter II, we will address the research issues, objectives, hypotheses, limitations and parameters. Then in Chapter III, we will discuss the type of Research methodology and determine the sample size for a mixed research type analysis. In Chapter IV, interviews with the experts of IAS 19 and the transport sector will be developed; surveys to 12 land transport companies in East Lima will also be conducted; in addition, a case study will be carried out, explaining how employee benefits impact the companies profitability. Finally, in chapter V, the results will be analyzed, conclusions and recommendations will be made for the research carried out.
Tesis
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Vespucci, Katia Moherdaui. "Impacto dos shopping centers sobre os padrões individuais de atividades e viagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-17102014-114841/.
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Os shopping centers, inicialmente dirigidos às classes alta e média-alta, adaptaram-se a um público diversificado, incluindo o de baixa renda. Diversos fatores explicam tal fenômeno, dentre eles o desejo do consumidor de fugir da violência nas ruas, do trânsito congestionado, das dificuldades para estacionar e para caminhar nas calçadas mal mantidas. Esta tese pretende investigar se, pelo fato de possibilitar aos indivíduos executar um maior número de tarefas em um mesmo local, os shopping centers podem funcionar como agentes redutores de viagens. Ou, ao contrário, por representar alternativa a áreas públicas de lazer e socialização, apresentam-se como provocadores de mais deslocamentos pela cidade. O estudo investiga também se o shopping center substitui a frequência ao estabelecimento de rua ou se estes são complementares. A principal fonte de dados para análise é uma survey realizada com mil respondentes, cuja elaboração foi subsidiada por análise dos dados da Pesquisa OD 2007 e a realização de entrevistas em profundidade. Os indivíduos foram descritos pelo seu perfil socioeconômico, características de viagens e atividades realizadas em shopping e em estabelecimentos de rua, e atitudes manifestas. O estudo revelou que os diversos estabelecimentos comerciais e de serviços são utilizados pelos indivíduos de forma semelhante, estando eles dentro ou fora do shopping, e reafirma a capacidade de atração dos shopping centers nas atividades de lazer. Há o reconhecimento da economia de tempo e, em menor escala, da redução do número de deslocamentos que o shopping potencialmente proporciona. Os resultados mostram que o conjunto de clientes de shopping center pode ser agrupado e descrito em uma quantidade limitada de conglomerados. A amostra foi segmentada em quatro conglomerados distintos segundo o modo de transporte utilizado transporte coletivo ou automóvel e o dia da visita aos estabelecimentos durante a semana ou fim de semana, permitindo caracterizar os grupos de indivíduos segundo comportamentos de visita ao shopping que podem ser classificados segundo seus impactos mais ou menos favoráveis ao desempenho do sistema de transportes.The development of shopping centers in Brazil aimed initially at a higher income public, but have gradually adapted to catering to a diversity of clients, including segments of lower income. This trend can be explained by many factors, such as the need to avoid violent streets, congested traffic, parking scarcity and walking on poorly maintained sidewalks. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate if, due to the possibility of performing many activities in the same place, shopping centers can lead to a reduction in the number of trips taken by individuals. Or, else, as an alternative to public spaces for leisure and socialization, they can stimulate more trips. The study also investigates if shopping centers are replacing visits to street shops or if these alternatives are complementing each other. The main data source for analysis is an internet survey of 1000 individuals; preparation of the questionnaire was based on information provided by the analysis of the 2007 household origin-destination survey for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and a number of in-depth semi-structured interviews. Individuals were characterized by their socioeconomic profile, travel and activity patterns related to shopping and other activities, and responses to a set of attitudinal questions. The results indicate that shopping and services are conducted in equal proportion in shopping centers and in street locations; they also reinforce the hypothesis that shopping centers function as an important alternative for leisure activities. Individuals acknowledge the potential of shopping centers in saving time spent on conducting a set of activities and, to a lesser degree, reducing the number of trips taken for this purpose. Respondents to the survey could be grouped and described by a limited number of clusters. The sample was segmented into four clusters, according to the transport mode used car or public transport and the day of the week in which shopping activities are conducted weekday or weekend. Each cluster of individuals could be characterized according to their behavior (when visiting shopping centers) having a less or more favorable impact on the performance of the transportation system.
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Machado, Bruno Pimentel. "Modelo matemático baseado em lógica nebulosa para tratamento de variáveis e avaliação de contexto de sistemas dinâmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-04072016-144935/.
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A pesquisa apresenta uma adaptação do modelo matemático de lógica nebulosa. A adaptação é uma alternativa capaz de representar o comportamento de uma variável subjetiva ao longo de um intervalo de tempo, assim como tratar variáveis estáticas (como o modelo computacional existente). Pesquisas realizadas apontam para uma lacuna no tratamento de variáveis dinâmicas (dependência no tempo) e a proposta permite que o contexto em que as variáveis estão inseridas tenha um papel no entendimento e tomada de decisão de problemas com estas características. Modelos computacionais existentes tratam a questão temporal como sequenciador de eventos ou custo, sem considerar a influência de fenômenos passados na condição corrente, ao contrário do modelo proposto que permite uma contribuição dos acontecimentos anteriores no entendimento e tratamento do estado atual. Apenas para citar alguns exemplos, o uso da solução proposta pode ser aplicado na determinação de nível de conforto em transporte público ou auxiliar na aferição de grau de risco de investimentos no mercado de ações. Em ambos os casos, comparações realizadas entre o modelo de lógica nebulosa existente e a adaptação sugerida apontam uma diferença no resultado final que pode ser entendida como uma maior qualidade na informação de suporte à tomada de decisão.The research presents an adaptation of the mathematical model of fuzzy logic. The adaptation is an alternative capable of representing the behavior of a subjective variable over an interval of time, as well as treating any static variables (as existing computer models). Research conducted points to a gap in the treatment of dynamic variables (variables which depend on time). The context, in which the variable is embedded, plays a role in the understanding and decision making process of problems of this nature. Existing computer models treat the temporal issue as sequencing of events or cost, without considering the influence of passed occurrences in its current condition, unlike the proposed model that allows a contribution of earlier developments in the understanding and treatment of the current state. The proposed solution is applicable to determine the comfort level at public transportation or to support the risk definition at the stock market, just to list a couple of examples. On both scenarios, the existing fuzzy logic was compared to the proposed solution and it was observed differences on the outcomes that represent an increase on the overall quality of the information which supports the decision making process.
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Valério, Luiz Henrique. "Impacto da adoção das IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) em indicadores econômico-financeiros: um estudo da caso múltiplo em empresas do setor de transporte aéreo listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1452.
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Luiz Henrique Valerio.pdf: 823907 bytes, checksum: 6ca8bd9d955c007eb4b9b6590f57ee4d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-05-30The increasing adoption of the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) is the result of changes occurred in the last two decades, economy globalization, and the development of international markets. Due to the increased demand for information that allows foreign investors to compare the results of its investments in several companies of different countries with different standards, the adoption of a single accounting standard, globally accepted, became necessary. The International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) was responsible for the preparation of international standards whose process of convergence is already occurring in over 100 countries worldwide. Brazil, with the enactment of Law 11638/07, effective beginning as of January 1, 2008, and subsequent amendments introduced by Law 11941/09, took an important step in the convergence of its standards with international standards through the creation of the Accounting Pronouncements Committee (CPC), agency responsible for the issuance of accounting pronouncements in accordance with IFRS. IFRS 1, denominated First-Time Adoption, refers to the requirements for the first year the company discloses its financial statements pursuant to local accounting standards and IFRS. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to verify whether in the air transportation industry, the first-time adoption of IFRS 1 resulted in significant changes in the main financial indicators and which are the impacts of IFRS adoption to the organization as a whole. For this, a research methodology that contemplates the study of an exploratory multiple case with a direct study of the companies information was chosen to characterize it and obtain the required data for the research. The comparative analysis of the financial statements of the companies that are the object of this study and the results obtained from the questionnaire and interviews indicated that financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS present a higher disclosure level than those financial statements prepared in accordance with BRGAAP. We concluded that the adoption of IFRS impacts not only financial indicators, but several processes and controls of the companies as a whole
A adoção crescente das normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS) é o reflexo das mudanças ocorridas nas últimas duas décadas, no processo de globalização da economia e do desenvolvimento dos mercados internacionais. Em função do aumento da demanda por informações, que permitam ao investidor estrangeiro comparar o resultado dos seus investimentos entre empresas de diferentes países e diferentes normas, se fez necessário a adoção de um padrão único de contabilidade aceito mundialmente. O IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) ficou responsável pela elaboração de normas internacionais que já estão em processo de convergência em mais de 100 países em todo o mundo. No Brasil com a publicação da Lei nº 11.638/07, vigorando a partir de 1º de janeiro de 2008 e, posteriormente, com as alterações emanadas da Lei nº 11.941/09, deu-se um importante passo no processo de convergência de suas normas com os padrões internacionais, por meio da criação do Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), órgão responsável pela emissão de pronunciamentos contábeis em consonância com as IFRS. A IFRS 1, denominada First-Time Adoption refere se aos requisitos a serem observados no primeiro exercício em que a empresa publica as suas demonstrações financeiras, em norma contábil local e em IFRS. Com esta justificativa, este estudo tem por objetivo verificar se no ramo de transporte aéreo, com a primeira adoção das normas internacionais IFRS 1 First-Time Adoption, houve mudanças significativas, nos principais indicadores econômico-financeiros e quais os impactos da adoção do IFRS para a organização como um todo. Para tanto foi escolhida metodologia de pesquisa que contempla estudo de caso múltiplo exploratório que contempla um estudo direto com as informações das empresas para sua caracterização e obtenção dos dados necessários à pesquisa. A análise comparativa das demonstrações financeiras das empresas objeto deste estudo e dos resultados obtidos pelo questionário e entrevistas apontam que as demonstrações financeiras preparadas de acordo com as IFRS apresentam um nível de divulgação maior quando comparadas com as demonstrações financeiras em BR-GAAP. A conclusão obtida é que o processo de adoção do IFRS gera impactos não só nos indicadores econômico-financeiros, mas também impactos em diversos processos e controles das companhias como um todo
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Jeřábková, Helena. "Předávání osobních údajů do zahraničí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3832.
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The purpose of the work is to evaluate the stage of development of the rules for tranfer of personal data for the European union to the third countries. First it gives necessary information regarding the protection of personal data in general including the key terms, basic principles and also the legal framework. The second part explains the legal mechanism of tranfer of personal data from EU abroad with the use of the term "adequate protection." Possible methods of such tranfer which are in compliance with the requirement of provision of the adequate protection to the protection ensured in the European Union are given. The third part concentrates on the development of the negotiations between the United States and the European Union about the transfer of personal data of air passengers and resulting legal arrangement. The work also describes current trends and provides possible future development of this sphere.
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Jurkštas, Kęstutis. "Sklandytuvo svorio centro padėties įtakos skrydžio charakteristikai analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110830_152339-05498.
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Standartinės klasės sklandytuvo SZD – 48 – 3 “Jantar Standard 3” optimalios svorio centro padėties radimas. Pateikta skaičiavimai optimaliai svorio centro padėčiai surasti bei jos kitimas kintant greičiui.The objective of this Master thesis is to investigate the glider gravity centre influence to the flight characteristics. Analyzing Frank Irving method, to find optimal centre of gravity. The subject of thesis is Standard class glider SZD – 48 – 3 “Jantar Standard 3”and calculation of optimal center of gravity position.
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Badèche, Belkacem-Toufik. "Etude des propriétés de transport de supraconducteurs de la famille BiSrCaCuO : fils et céramiques inhomogènes et cristaux à température critique supérieure à la valeur standard et présentant des anomalies de résistivité entre 200 et 300 K." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30049.
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Nos premieres etudes ont porte sur les proprietes de transport de fils supraconducteurs obtenus par depot de barbotines du compose bi-2223 sur substrat a base de fer puis par frittage. Des ceramiques ont aussi ete utilisees a titre de comparaison. Les courbes de resistance en fonction de la temperature de ces fils montrent qu'ils sont supraconducteurs a basse temperature mais en general inhomogenes. Des progres importants ont ete obtenus en realisant des recuits de 32h presence de pbo, cela a permis d'obtenir une temperature de transition (resistance nulle) de 98k. Une modelisation de la conductivite par un modele de percolation a ete utilisee pour caracteriser les phases en presence dans le cas des composes inhomogenes. Nos etudes recentes ont porte sur les proprietes de transport de cristaux bi-2212 prepares a partir d'un bain partiellement fondu par solidification lente. Certains de ces cristaux, presentent plusieurs particularites: i) leur temperature de transition est de 97k, soit 10k de plus que la valeur standard ii) ils presentent un caractere metallique suivant l'axe c iii) la transition se fait de facon analogue dans le plan ab et suivant l'axe c (les
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Santos, Luciano Aparecido dos. "O impacto da adoção das IFRS nas demonstrações contábeis: uma pesquisa do segmento de transportes aéreos das empresas listadas na Bovespa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1512.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-06As a reflex of the changes happened in the last decades in the process of globalization of the economy and of the development of the international markets, it was necessary a change in the process of generation of the accounting information in which accounting has been pressed by the demands of new markets, its potential investors and analysts to supply financial statements in an efficient and effective way for the best interpretation and decision in this market in high performance. As we insert the accounting in this globalization context, the accounting information becomes more and more relevant and of great importance in the decision process. Faced with the economic globalization of the markets, it is necessary the adoption of rules and accounting patterns globally used and accepted, allowing a comparative of the accounting information for the decisorial process. The IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) was responsible for the elaboration of international rules already in convergence process in more than 100 countries all over the world. In Brazil, with the publication of the Law number 11.638/07, being in force from January 1st, 2008, and later with the changes coming from the Law number 11.941/09, there was an important step in the process of convergence of their rules with the international patterns through the creation of the Committee of Accounting Pronouncements (CPC), responsible organ for the emission of accounting pronouncements in consonance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study aims to identify the materiality of the impacts of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in financial statements and in companies performance, presenting the significant differences in accounts of Balance Sheet and of Incoming Statement, aiming to answer to the central question: Has the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) generated impact on Equity and Profit and Loss Statement of the open capital entities listed in BOVESPA, Air Transport segment? To such purpose, it was chosen the methodology of research and of exploratory nature with descriptive studies, which provides to the researcher a larger inclusion of the occurred facts in relation to a direct research. The comparative analysis of the financial statements of the companies object of this study demonstrates that the financial statements elaborated in agreement with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) present a larger level of disclosure when compared with the old adopted pattern BR GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). The obtained conclusion is that the process of adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has generated impacts in the Equity and Profit and Loss Statement and in several processes and controls of the companies object of this study
Como reflexo das mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas no processo de globalização da economia e do desenvolvimento dos mercados internacionais, fez-se necessário uma mudança no processo de geração das informações contábeis, em que a contabilidade tem sido pressionada por meio das exigências dos novos mercados, seus potenciais investidores e analistas a fornecer demonstrações contábeis de forma eficiente e eficaz para a melhor interpretação e tomada de decisões neste mercado em alta performance. Ao inserirmos a contabilidade neste contexto de globalização, a informação contábil torna-se cada vez mais relevante e de suma importância no processo decisório. Frente à globalização econômica dos mercados, faz-se necessária a adoção de normas e padrões contábeis utilizados e aceitos mundialmente, permitindo um comparativo das informações contábeis para o processo decisorial. O IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) ficou responsável pela elaboração de normas internacionais que já estão em processo de convergência em mais de 100 países em todo o mundo. No Brasil, com a publicação da Lei n.º 11.638/07, vigorando a partir de 1.º de janeiro de 2008, e, posteriormente, com as alterações emanadas da Lei n.º 11.941/09, deu-se um importante passo no processo de convergência de suas normas com os padrões internacionais por meio da criação do Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), órgão responsável pela emissão de pronunciamentos contábeis em consonância com as Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS). O estudo tem por objetivo identificar a materialidade dos impactos da adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS) nas demonstrações contábeis e no desempenho das empresas, apresentando as diferenças significativas em contas do Balanço Patrimonial e da Demonstração de Resultados, buscando responder à questão-problema: A adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS) gerou impacto no Patrimônio Líquido e no Resultado do Exercício das Entidades de capital aberto listadas na BOVESPA do segmento de Transporte Aéreos? Para tanto, foi escolhida a metodologia de pesquisa de natureza exploratória com estudos descritivos, que proporciona ao pesquisador uma maior cobertura dos fatos ocorridos em relação a uma pesquisa direta. A análise comparativa das demonstrações contábeis das empresas-objeto deste estudo evidencia que as demonstrações financeiras elaboradas de acordo com os padrões IFRS apresentam um nível de divulgação maior quando comparadas com o antigo padrão adotado BR GAAP. A conclusão obtida é que o processo de adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS) gerou impactos no Patrimônio Líquido e no Resultado do Exercício e em diversos processos e controles das empresas-objeto de estudo
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Petersson, Jennifer. "Utveckling i parkeringsplaneringen vid bostadsområden i städer kontra mindre orter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105135.
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Parking planning for new residential constructions is intensively discussed between develops, architects, and municipalities. In a big city, the land value is higher and it is more profitable to build apartments instead of parking places, but parking space can increase the value of the apartment. The purpose of this work was to analyse how the planning of a parking space in a big city compared to a smaller town differs today versus 10 years ago. Results of interviews were that the parameters such as municipal parking regulations and access to public transport govern the parking planning. All the municipalities, contractors and architects agreed that in the future more municipalities will work with flexible parking standards. The conclusion is that it is the municipality’s parking norm and access to public transport that affects parking planning. The largest change and development in the last 10 years is an increased investment into mobility solutions in form of charging stations and carpools.
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Andric´, Vedran, and Henrik Bernestedt. "Incoterms® 2010 - villkoret FAS. : En studie av dess praktiska användning och betydelse." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74841.
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I detta arbete undersöks Incoterms® 2010 maritima villkor, FAS. Framförallt hur det kommer sig att den inte används lika ofta som de övriga samt vad som är avgörande vid valet av villkor. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och data samlades in genom litteraturstudie samt två kvalitativa intervjuer: en företagsrepresentant och en sakkunnig inom logistikrätt. En teorigenomgång av både allmän karaktär av Incoterms® samt tidigare forskning kring dess användning blev grunden till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultatet visar flera olika faktorer till att FAS inte används lika ofta som de övriga villkoren. De mest framträdande faktorerna är riskövergången, brytpunkter, betalning samt okunskap.This work presents a study of the Incoterms® 2010 seaterm, FAS. The main questions are; why is it not used as often as the other terms for sea transportation, and, what are the main decisions when choosing Incoterms®. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data were collected through a literature study and two qualitative interviews; one with a company representative, and one who is an expert in logistics law. A theoretical review of Incoterms® and previous research, constructs the theoretical framework used. The result show several aspects for FAS not being used as often as the other terms. Most common aspects are; passing of risk, break point, payment and lack of knowledge.
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Ulpiano, Cogollos José Luis. "Análisis del comportamiento de conductores en curvas de bajo ángulo de deflexión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/159263.
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[ES] Esta Tesis Doctoral se centra en el estudio de las curvas de bajo ángulo de deflexión, las cuales son esenciales para el diseño geométrico, pero cuyos criterios de diseño difieren del resto y pueden producir mermas en la seguridad vial. Fundamentalmente, se pueden distinguir tres tipos de afecciones: percepción errónea, trayectorias erráticas y velocidades excesivas. Una percepción errónea puede darse especialmente cuando el desarrollo de la curva es muy reducido. En este caso, la curva puede aparecer como un quiebro, que puede llevar a los conductores a realizar maniobras erráticas, según perciben su curvatura. Esto puede agravarse con la presencia de acuerdos en alzado. Las velocidades excesivas (que pueden darse en los casos de percepción errónea o no), son fruto de la elevada visibilidad en las mismas, combinada con radios intermedios y, en ocasiones, su sección transversal. En muchas ocasiones, los usuarios tienden a cortar ligeramente la trazada (invadiendo el arcén o el carril de sentido contrario), aumentando la posibilidad de choque frontal o salida de vía. La baja deflexión de estas curvas impide disponer curvas de transición (suele realizarse directamente la transición de recta a curva circular). Por ello, las diferentes normativas tienen expresiones particulares para determinar el radio o desarrollo mínimos de estas. El problema es que dichas expresiones no están basadas en estudios experimentales que corroboren su efectividad. En esta Tesis Doctoral se pretende profundizar en el conocimiento en ambos aspectos, con el fin de validar los criterios actuales, o bien proporcionar unos nuevos con fundamento científico. Mediante dos encuestas - una presencial y otra online - en las que se muestran vídeos de curvas de esta tipología, se consulta a voluntarios acerca de su percepción, velocidad y posición tentativas. Se han considerado más de 300 curvas en este estudio. La operación vehicular se analiza mediante un estudio naturalístico sobre cuatro curvas de bajo ángulo con diferente configuración transversal y nivel de tráfico. Se ha podido determinar que la sección transversal tiene una importante influencia sobre la velocidad desarrollada. Como resultado, se presenta un criterio de desarrollo mínimo, más simple que en la mayoría de actuales normativas, pues no es dependiente del ángulo de deflexión. Se ofrecen dos umbrales, uno recomendable a partir del cual la percepción es adecuada y no causa disminución en la velocidad, y otro obligatorio, por debajo del cual no se garantiza una percepción adecuada.[CAT] Aquesta Tesi Doctoral es centra en l'estudi de les corbes de baix angle de deflexió, les quals són essencials per al disseny geomètric, però que tenen criteris de disseny diferents a la resta, amb possibles penalitzacions a la seguretat viària. Fonamentalment, es poden distingir tres tipus d'afeccions: percepció errònia, trajectòries erràtiques i velocitats excessives. Una percepció errònia pot donar-se especialment quan la llargària de la corba és molt reduïda. En aquest cas, la corba pot visualitzar-se com una finta, la qual pot fer que els conductors a fer maniobres erràtiques, segons perceben la curvatura. Això pot agreujar-se amb la coincidència d'acords verticals. Les velocitats excessives (que poden coincidir o no amb una percepció errònia), son resultat de la seua elevada visibilitat, combinada amb radis mitjans i, en ocasions, la seua secció transversal. Freqüentment, els usuaris poden retallar lleugerament la corba (envaït parcialment ell voral o el carril de sentit contrari), augmentant la possibilitat de xoc frontal o eixida de via. La baixa deflexió d'aquestes corbes impedeix disposar corbes de transició (sol realitzar-se directament la transició de recta a corba circular). És per això que les diferents normatives presenten expressions particulars per a determinar el radi o la llargària mínima d'aquestes. El problema es que aquestes expressions no estan basades en estudis experimentals que asseveren la seua efectivitat. En aquesta Tesi Doctoral es pretén profunditzar en el coneixement d'ambdós aspectes, amb l'objectiu de validar els criteris actuals, o bé proporcionar uns de nous amb fonament científic. Mitjançant dues enquestes - una presencial i altra online - en las que es mostren vídeos de corbes d'aquesta tipologia, es pregunta a voluntaris sobre la percepció, velocitat i posició temptatives. S'han considerat més de 300 corbes en aquest estudi. La operació vehicular s'ha analitzat mitjançant un estudi natural¿lístic sobre quatre corbes de baix angle amb diferent configuració transversal i nivell de trànsit. S'ha determinat que aquesta secció transversal té una influència important sobre la velocitat desenvolupada. Com a resultat, es presenta un criteri de llargària mínima, més simple que el d'altres normatives actuals, ja que no hi depèn de l'angle de deflexió. S'ofereixen dos umbrals, un recomanable a partir del qual la percepció és adequada i no redueix la velocitat, i un altre obligatori, sot a el qual la percepció estaria compromesa.
[EN] This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the analysis of low deflection curves. These curves are necessary for horizontal alignments, but the design criteria differ from other curves, sometimes causing lack of safety. There are three main safety concerns: erroneous perception, erratic trajectories, and speeding. Short low deflection curves are more prone to misperceptions. Such the case, these curves might appear as a kink, with drivers being more likely to perform erratic maneuvers. This would get even worse if combined with vertical curves. Speeding behaviors (which may happen at misperceived curves or not), are generally caused by the high sight distance, combined with medium-to-high radii and, occasionally, with a wide cross-section. Drivers tend to cut the curves, invading shoulder or the opposite direction. This increases the probability of run-of-road or head-on crashes. Due to the low angle, spirals are not required to perform tangent-to-curve transition (tangent is directly connected to the circular curve). Thus, different guidelines present particular expressions to determine their minimum radius or minimum length. Unfortunately, these expressions are not supported by experimental studies. This Doctoral Thesis aims at studying in depth these curves, in order to validate existing criteria or determine new criteria to apply. To questionnaires - in-person and online - showing videos covering these curves have been developed. Volunteers have been asked about preception, lateral position and speed. More than 300 curves have been considered in this study. Vehicle operation has been studied by means of a naturalistic study on four low-deflection curves, with different cross-section and traffic characteristics. As a result, cross-section has been found to contribute enormously to speeding. As a result, two-threshold criterion has been provided. This establishes minimum thresholds for the curve length. This criterion is simpler than most of the existing ones. A minimum recommended threshold is provided to ensure a good perception combined with no speed variation. A lower, critical threshold is provided to ensure a good perception.
Ulpiano Cogollos, JL. (2020). Análisis del comportamiento de conductores en curvas de bajo ángulo de deflexión [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159263
TESIS
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Dohnálek, Marek. "Rekonstrukce areálu učiliště Dubňany. Stavebně technologická příprava stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227715.
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The subject of this technological preparation of construction is to find out scope of work needed for reconstruction of former miners school in Dubňany.In Czech Republic exits plenty of these abandoned places and this master thesis should serve as an example of reconstruction of some theirs parts.Within this project I would like to valorize the experience gained from excursion to foreign countries, where the passive and low-energetic buildings are common.Missing project documentation of some part of this facility was replaced by 3D modelling based on my own laser measurement.The main object SO 01 has been already rebuilt into passive apartment building but without building-technological study and proper project documentation.Due to missing foundations and confidential internal documentation of the construction company is impossible to compare the real material, human and financial resources with those mentioned within this thesis. The master thesis contains technical report for the building-technological project, coordination of the transport routes, chronological and financial plan, realisation of the main technological steps, equipment of the construction project , draft of machinery, time schedule of the main project, plan of getting the needful resources, technological regulations, control and probationary plans, disposal of asbestos reports, owning contract, two roof decks comparison from the point of view of thermal technology and specialization from the building field.
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Kozla, Dávid. "Stavebně technologický projekt pro Mezinárodní centrum klinického výzkumu Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409970.
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This diploma thesis solves the construction technology project of the International Clinical Research Center of the St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno (ICRC), namely the first stage of the construction of the buildings "B1" and "C1". It tries to design an ideal technological process of construction with respect of local conditions. Technologically it focuses mainly on the issue of special foundation, namely protection of excavation pit with secant pile wall and pile foundation. There are processed technological regulations, time and financial plans, construction budget, control and test plan, plan of heavy equipment and safety or environmental requirements. Everything is supplemented by attachments and drawing documentation.