Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport routier de voyageurs'
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Birouk, Ghania. "L'égalité professionnelle dans le transport routier de voyageurs : un impossible équilibre ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAA027.
Full textThe implementation of gender equality at work in companies has been driven for more than 50 years by regulatory, legislative and contractual changes, either specific to equality between women and men, or in a more general framework of non-discrimination.There is no doubt that we are still far from an optimal enforcement of "equality" between women and men, as this concept is such a cause of controversy and fluctuations. However, questions remain, especially in the work area.Within the frame of this thesis, the study will focus on collective bargaining for gender equality at work in road passenger transport companies. This work aims at identifying the obstacles between the obligation for women to negotiate in this area and the difficulties in owning this topic as a means of negotiation. The uniqueness of this sector of activity and the few studies carried out in this particularly area motivated our approach
Amani, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d’entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du Niger." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22007/document.
Full textThis thesis is registered in the perspective of a strategic diagnosis of the Transport sector Intercity Road of travellers (TRIV) in West Africa (case of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger). The transport organization and the functioning of enterprises of the sector to the yardstick of globalization and the modernization is still inadequate. There are many difficulties identified at various levels of the system thus hindering the economic development of the sector. For West Africa, many studies and research have already been carried out on the system of urban transport and on the transport of goods with diagnostics and recommendations . However, the sub-sector of TRIV also has its importance and it should be taken into account in the schema of sub-regional integration in Africa. Our research shows that the analysis of TRIV must not be limited to its aspects regulatory and institutional and that it must integrate the companies as the key elements of the development of the sector. These are now faced the challenge of competition on the markets both the domestic that sub-regional passenger transport. The modernization of the sector and its subsequent development involve adjustments of craft businesses, changes in the organization and the conditions of operation of this activity. Our approach addresses in the first time, the current configuration of the market of TRIV The analysis highlights the indispensable complementarity of the offer of transport companies and craftsmen carriers. From this finding, models of potential strategies are developed for firms forced to competitiveness. However, in light of the organization of the market of TRIV in Niger, of the multiplicity of enterprises and absence of data, we defined groups contrasting of enterprises, the consolidation at from the technical characteristics, organizational (types of vehicles used, organization of the services) and the geographical (lines served). This approach has allowed us to highlight the specificities of links in the market but also the major imbalances existing in the field of service in the main areas. Through the models of strategies developed, our ambition is to give a reference framework for companies from which and taking into account their internal resources, they organize their strategy. These companies should be able to achieve in the framework of a public policy of transport taking into account the expectations of key actors
Laurent, Benoît. "Algorithmes pour la planification des véhicules et des conducteurs en transport routier de voyageurs." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0045.
Full textThis thesis was realized within a collaboration between the université of Angers and the company Perinfo. It deals with the development of new models and algorithms dedicated to vehicle and driver scheduling in public transport. Even if they earn their respect in many fields, metaheuristics have been scarcely employed to tackle such problems until now. We first address the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem with a homogeneous fleet. The developed iterated local search algorithm is compared with the existing heuristics on benchmarks from the literature. Our second contribution concerns the vehicle scheduling problem with a heterogeneous fleet. The initial problem is transformed into a list-graph colouring problem, subsequently solved by an iterated tabu search algorithm. The approach proves its capacity to manage high volumes of data and complex relationships between types of vehicles. Our third contribution deals with the integration of vehicles and drivers within the same scheduling process. We consider an extra-urban case with a unique garage and a heterogeneous fleet. The computational study carried out on real-world instances shows the dominance of the integrated approach over the sequential one. Finally, we describe a case study in a limousine rental company. Due to its over-constrained nature, the problem is modeled using the notion of partial consistent assignment. The simulated annealing algorithm obtains significant gains on the resulting solutions compared to the current practice in the company
Samna, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d'entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l'Ouest : cas du Niger." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588815.
Full textYouta, Valérie. "Déréglementation et contestabilité : l'avenir des transports urbains de voyageurs au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24006.
Full textSentenac-Chemin, Élodie. "Évolution à long terme de la consommation d'énergie dans le transport routier de passagers : contribution de méthodes statistiques avancées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1157.
Full textFaucon, Frédéric. "Les transports collectifs de voyageurs dans le Massif central français." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20008.
Full textCosteplane, Thibaud. "Déréglementation des transports routiers de voyageurs en Europe." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10070.
Full textAyadi, Abdelhamid. "Solutions globales de l'équation du transport routier." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112124.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study global existence, the unicity and the regularity of the solution of the vehicular traffic equation modelized by Prigogine-Herman. Our purpose is – to study the vehicular traffic equation with relaxation and without any interaction (i. E. The probability of free passage is equal to one), - to study the vehicular traffic equation without relaxation and with interactions, - to study the vehicular traffic equation (i. E. With relaxation and interactions)
Cabanne, Isabelle Bonnafous Alain. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
Full textSchubert, Stephan. "Déréglementation, concentration et rivalité dans le transport aérien mondial de passagers." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131015.
Full textCabanne, Isabelle. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
Full textThis thesis models long distance traffic in France, by rail, plane and motorway, at a national level, with macro-economic time series models. Time series models are based on dynamic information and thus enable to show long term links between traffic variations and explanatory factors variations. However time series models also have some drawbacks. Direct demand models are often used and miss the generation / modal share logic. Only a few variables can be used and these variables are highly aggregated. A certain amount of average national train speed may correspond to different time travel structures and thus to different impacts on rail traffic. In the models that we fit, we use a rail speed indicator that takes travel times structure and thresholds in air / plane competition into account. Besides, we test different model structures, both direct demand and generation and modal split. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents the data available and describes past traffic variations. Chapter 2 focuses on long distance travel main explanatory factors. The various methods for long distance travel modelling are analysed in chapter 3. In chapter 4, we produce and analyse different model forms
Auzannet, Pascal. "Le compte transport de voyageurs un outil de comptabilité régionale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090041.
Full textTo bring the public transportation economic and social efficiency into play can form an objective for the executives. But, to reach one or more objectives - which contents can change - the executives and technicians must be able to use accountancy and administration implements. Companies like RATP and SNCF dispose of tools and internal administration indicators (performances analysis methods, unitary costs, pluriannual indicators. . . ) however, they don't allow apprehending all the public transportation advantages, which particularity is that for one activity there is several use value and the traveller is not the only to take advantages. There are other beneficiaries (indirect) because this activity generates positive external effects that benefit to the whole collectivity, the building societies, the motorists, the big stores. So a regional accountancy and administration tool, showing the external effects of the different modes, the financial flows, the taxation mechanisms, the origin of financing and their allocation. . . Can help the executives and technicians
Durin, Bertrand. "Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliquesApplications en assainissement routier." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104567.
Full textNicolas, Charles-Henri. "Captage du CO2 par procédé membranaire : application au transport routier." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819293.
Full textGagné, Maude. "Étude économique sur le transport par train routier au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68172.
Full textRoad train transport is now often on Canadian highways. This variation of trucking allows a larger load of goods to be hauled with just one tractor. Multinationals use this type of transportation for their daily operations and use of this operational strategy is growing. Road trains regulation is less restrictive than it was before. The majority of current research is on the mechanics of the road train but few studies are available on the profitability of these operations. This report proposes an economic study of the road train. In partnership with a Quebec company established for 20 years, the economic study compares road train operations with that of regular trucking. The company wants to define the cost differences between the two types of operations in order to implement a long-term and sustainable business strategy. Using real data and observation of the flow of goods, the economic study is based on different scenarios experienced by the company. In addition, the sensitivity of the various parameters is studied to better understand the cost behavior of the company. Results showed that road train can in some cases save both money and time for the company. By analyzing transportation demands and calculating the costs associated with traditional trucking as well as road train, the company can reduce operational costs by choosing the most cost effective type of transportation according to its demand.
Dulout, Stéphanie. "Le risque pénal de l'entreprise de transport routier de marchandises." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10059.
Full textThe penal risk of the road transport company of goods covers several fields, which are breaches linked with equipment and vehicles maintenance, social breaches, specific ruling called coordination, price offence excessively too low, etc. . . The object of this thesis is then to establish as much from the point of view of the subject ( transport company protagonists) than the object (the breaches), the penal risk encountered by the company; this double point of view allowing to access to a global vision of the matter
Gashaw, Sosina Mengistu. "Modélisation de trafic routier hétérogène pour systèmes de transport intelligents." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4202/document.
Full textThis dissertation models and analyzes heterogeneous traffic flow, with a particular focus on mixed traffic flow consisting of cars and two-wheelers. The increase in traffic congestion induces commuters to switch to powered two wheelers (PTWs), i.e. motorcycle, mopeds and scooters, because of their high maneuverability and space efficiency. The growth in number of PTWs, combined with their unique mobility features, results in complex traffic characteristics which are difficult to recreate with the existing modeling approaches. We develop an analytical model that can accurately reproduce the traffic features in a mixed flow of cars and PTWs. The traffic stream is decomposed into two vehicle classes, PTWs and cars. The fundamental properties are derived by employing a porous flow approach. It is assumed that the speed of a vehicle class is dictated by the physical and motion properties of the vehicle class, and the distribution of free spaces on the road. We propose an approximation method to derive the free-space distribution. In order to explore broader aspects of the traffic flow characteristics, notably required by intelligent transport system (ITS) applications, we formulate the model in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian frameworks. Further, we provide a numerical method for the discretization of the mathematical model. We analyze the flow characteristics of mixed PTWs and cars traffic and identify important properties, which give insights for future ITS solutions and traffic policy makers. The applicability of the model for different ITS applications is illustrated. Finally, the developed model is validated using a microsimulation tool
González, Ramírez Humberto. "Study of the choice behaviour of travellers in a transport network via a “simulation game” Travel time and bounded rationality in travellers’ route choice behaviour : a computer route choice experiment Unravelling travellers’ route choice behaviour at full-scale urban network by focusing on representative OD pairs in computer experiments." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to find route choice models that scale-up at network level, i.e., models that predict the choices of travellers over the diversity of situations found in a transport network. The approach in this thesis to investigate travellers' behaviour in transportation networks is through computer-based experiments at large scale, for which a platform named the Mobility Decision Game (MDG), has been developed. The MDG permits to observe the choices of the participants on a diverse set of scenarios (OD pairs and routes) with varying traffic conditions and travel time information. In this thesis, the experiments focus on the route choices of uni-modal car trips that are based on the map of the city of Lyon, France. To attain the objective of this thesis, firstly a methodology to find OD pairs that are representative of the network is proposed. The representative OD pairs are used in route choice experiments to obtain choice models that generalise to the various OD configurations in the network. Secondly, the choices of participants in the experiments are analysed from the rational and boundedly rational behaviour perspectives, in order to establish the principle that best describe their choices. Finally, the choice models are assessed in terms of their predictive accuracy. This thesis is part of a European ERC project entitled MAGnUM: Multiscale and Multimodal Traffic Modeling Approach for Sustainable Management of Urban Mobility
Ji, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier ? Etude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529459.
Full textJi, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier? : étude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9423.
Full textTyroyanni, Hélène. "Économie industrielle et organisation des marchés de transport public routier de marchandises." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523062.
Full textSouley, Halimatou. "Déréglementation du transport routier de marchandises au Niger et intégration sous-regionale." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123007.
Full textBOSSIN, PHILIPPE. "Strategies europeennes des entreprises de transport routier de marchandises : mythes ou realites." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO22012.
Full textShould we believe the allegations of their managers, often echoed withoud much thinking by the press, road haulage carriers are always no 1 or likely to be no 1. Some claim they are leaders in the trade i. E. Leaders in the parcels service, transport of refrigerated goods or bulk tanker. Some even claim they are the best in everything | others try to differentiate from the rest of the crowd. They claim to be the best through the quality of service, their technical competence or their data processing system. Last but not least, those who could not assert they were on the top of the scale, will maintain they are "leaders in the region". The socalled region doesn't stretch from the united kingdom to spain or even from lille to marseille, but from aurillac to tulle and from chateaubriand to redon. In the research we have carried out on the subject, we have tried to sort out the many the research we have carried out on the subject, we have tried to sort out the many assertions and bring out the many strategics set by french firms, in order to play a part in the european competition. Beyond an analysis of the european strategy, we would like to emphasi se the lack of thinking in the field of economics and carriage strategy and how difficult it is to apply the instruments of management. This will be the cornestone on which to build up further contributions
Tyroyanni, Hélène. "Economie industrielle et organisation des marchés de transport public routier de marchandises." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523062.
Full textTu, Thi Hoai Thu. "Potentiel de réduction des émissions de GES du transport routier de fret." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2026/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify policies that would allow to mitigate road freight GHG emissions at the lowest cost for the community. With this in mind, for six scenarios corresponding to different mitigation policies we estimate the mitigated emissions along with the economic cost, over the 2030-2050 period. The overall economic cost includes the cost for transport users, for public authorities, and an economic valuation of transport externalities. When available, we used sets of assumptions retained by the French Ministry of Transports for official traffic projections and for the unitary valuation of external costs. For every scenario, the economic cost by avoided ton of CO2 is highly sensitive to these assumptions, especially to the unitary value of external costs (valuation of co-benefits). In the central set of assumptions, several scenarios result in a negative economic cost of GHG mitigation, id est a benefit to the community in addition to GHG cuts.This is notably the case for the carbon tax, as long as it remains lower than the external costs of freight road transportation. However, when the tax rate is rising, the resulting increase in transport prices leads shippers to reduce their activity, which limits the desirable tax rate increase. Increasing the maximum authorized weight of heavy trucks from 40 to 60 tons would be a very beneficial measure towards transport users by allowing a substantial transport costs reduction. This scenario is also beneficial for the community, when accounting for the avoided external costs, the financial loss for public authorities and infrastructure costs (the required reinforcement of roads and bridges and increased maintenance costs). The installation of catenaries on motorways to supply hybrid heavy trucks is efficient to reduce CO2 emissions, and the economic cost per avoided ton of CO2 remains moderate. Quite the opposite, the economic cost is high in the scenario of electrification of urban freight (where diesel trucks are replaced by electric trucks for urban goods delivery), if electric trucks only have a maximum payload of 2 tons. On the contrary, it turns into an economic benefit if, thanks to technological progress, electric trucks have a payload of 6 tons in 2030, for a range of 100 km.The replacement of diesel trucks by natural gas vehicles reduces transport costs and is therefore beneficial towards carriers and loaders, but public authorities support a loss of taxation revenues. However, when accounting for the avoided external costs, the overall economic cost happens to be limited.Finally, shippers can reduce GHG emissions for a reasonable economic cost by reducing the frequency of shipments, this measure also being beneficial for the community.However, none of these measures is capable to achieve by itself the official goal of dividing by 4 the level of GHG emissions at a reasonable cost for the community, implying that additional measures have to be considered jointly
Hammadou, Hakim. "Modélisation du choix modal voyageurs sur les déplacements longue distance : la valeur du temps." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-35.pdf.
Full textSulface, Allain. "Simulation du trafic routier et communication inter-véhicules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28507/28507.pdf.
Full textBruand, Olivier. "Voyageurs et marchandises : les réseaux de communication entre Loire et Meuse aux VIIIe et IXe siècles." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010504.
Full textThe purpose of that study is to show the regional and local economic organization of that part of the carolingian empire ; it has been achieved through the careful analysis of the most various sources : the scriptural, monetary and archeological ones. The result is the setting off of two distinct and complenentary networks : the first one shows the importance of the local economic life with a population of country people who hardly move, the other one is destined to the exchanges of secular and ecclesiastical aristocrats who sell and buy salt, wine and material. Then, four main routes appear : an axis Burgundy-Flanders, a busy river traffic along the seine and the loire and, at last, an important circulation on the coasts of the firth or the loire towards the north sea
Karim, Mohamed. "L’appropriation du tachygraphe numérique par les conducteurs d’une société privée de transport public de voyageurs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0047.
Full textThis work concentrates on a device that manages and controls working times for the drivers of a private transportation company (Coaches N): the digital tachymeter. To our knowledge, this tool, designed and enforced by the European Union in order to enhance traffic security, has never been investigated so far. A plural theoretical approach of the question of its appropriation, of its factors and of the users’ typologies is adopted. This approach is based on the numerous previous studies on management tools and technology appropriation. Seventy four interviews with employees and managers were conducted during a three year involvement inside the company. An inductive logic was adopted. Our research shows one the one hand that: 1. An effective appropriation of the digital tachymeter from the company and its drivers is evidenced. 2. Several factors impact this appropriation by the drivers: factors related to the device properties (ease of use, complexity, efficiency, compatibility, obligation), individual factors (professional experience, family status, personal efficiency, self-image), and contextual factors (external control authority, internal control processes, colleagues’ attitude). 3. Four attitudes towards the device are shown: rejection, use, adaptation/hijack, displacement. One the other hand, the adoption of a technology that controls working times in a company is nothing but neutral. Step by step, the relationship between managers and drivers, as well as drivers’ conception of their profession, are shaken. The adoption of such a technology not only alters the practices and relations, but the very notion of appropriation appears in an even more complex fashion
Bonneville, Jean-Baptiste. "Quel modèle économique pour une offre de transport de voyageurs porte-à-porte ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1007/document.
Full textThe goal of providing passengers with seamless door-to-door mobility has today become a common objective, and a key priority for SNCF, France’s historical national rail group. After more than 30 years of growth thanks to the success of the TGV high-speed train, SNCF faces difficulties that have prompted it to reconsider its business model. The firm has decided to become a genuine multimodal operator with the capacity to provide a comprehensive territorial service through a variety of transport modes. The principal function of door-to-door transport is to enable travellers to go from A to B without using their own cars but a sequence of transport modes. This raises the possibility of the emergence of door-to-door mobility operators that provide a one-stop shop for travellers and offer continuity of service provision over an entire journey. This paper explores possible business models for a door-to-door mobility operator: the nature of the service, organisation between stakeholders and the revenue model. It begins with a detailed analysis of the idea of door-to-door service in the context of passenger transport. It then studies the main challenges for the stakeholders, in particular the evolution of France’s regulatory framework, issues relating to sustainable development and the effects of the digital economy. Different approaches to door-to-door provision exist within SNCF, reflecting the complexity of the company. Growing diversity in the system of actors has opened up new possibilities. Three contrasting business models were identified for door-to-door services: the integrated model, the platform model and the distributed model, all of which offer possible mid-term and long-term strategic directions for SNCF. Without being mutually exclusive, all three models are relevant in their distinct spheres. Nevertheless, the distributed model would seem to offer the greatest potential for rail transport to remain competitive with the private car
Otari, Suzan. "Optimisation des procédures de tests pour simulation de transport des systèmes d'emballage, à partir de l'analyse statistique et fréquentielle du signal vibratoire excitateur." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS034.
Full textSeveral tests are used to qualify a packaging or a packaging system aimed for transportation. This is called qualification plan. Random vibration tests are an efficient way to simulate the mechanical vibratory effects caused by transportation. The usual method is only concerned with the frequency distribution pattern of the signal using the average power spectral density (PSD) but statistical distribution of levels is totally ignored.In this work we have proposed a statistical model based on analyse of instantaneous acceleration levels of road transport, which identify and characterise the vibration signal. Continuous recording of acceleration signal all along the journey permits confirmation that this statistical distribution is not a Gaussian distribution but a modified Gaussian distribution, for which parameters are estimated and discussed. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the transport severity by working out the appearance probability of acceleration levels greater than a fixed threshold and also the difference between the experimental distribution and the Gaussian distribution with the same rms value. This model is used to correcting the way of simulation in a test laboratory (chapter 5).Usually to recreate the mechanical effects of a vibration signal in the test laboratory, we use a partial recording of this signal without any adequate attention on effects of the recording parameters on characteristics of signal recorded in this way. In this work (chapter 3 and 4), the effects of partial recording is studied on statistical and frequency characteristics of acceleration signal. We have shown that for a road transport in France only 10% of the total duration of a journey must be taken to represent the whole journey. If the recording is performed with rates below 10%, we are able to estimate the error introduced on the distribution of signal and also on the level of the PSD. So this error can be corrected when the journey is simulated in laboratory.Finally we have proposed an alternative method for simulating the non-stationary and non-Gaussian signal with a typically used vibration system for this purpose which consists of a sequence of Gaussian signals. This method was proposed considering the means and materials available at company (Metropack) and enables them to simulate vibration effects in the most realistic way
Kablan, A. Serge. "L'uniformisation régionale du droit, processus comparés et projet de l'OHADA en transport routier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55591.pdf.
Full textCussy, Pascal. "La sous-traitance dans le secteur du transport routier de marchandises en france." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN0556.
Full textThis thesis aims analyzing subcontracting relations within the french motor carrier industry, i. E. At explaining why some firms, more or lees large-sized ones, have small firms achieve simples traction operations which they are responsible for. It is stated that subcontracting mainly meets three kinds of preoccupations. First, subcontracting provides them with a lot of flexibility in the management of thei vehicle's fleet. It does reduce the riks of an excess or shortage in their production capacity due to demand's fluctations. Secondly, this from of organization enables firms to release a part of their financial resources to develop on more profitable new markets, especially those of logistic products, it leads to a new distribution activities among firms. Finally, subcontracting is analyzed as a means for firms to replace an expentive salaried labor, due to administrative charges which is relevant to its management, by a cheap flexible external labor. As a conclusion, we might say that subcontracting within the sector can prove to be profitable for people at a large. However, the strong competition between subcontractors leats them to infrige social security ruling and therefore public authorities should remain on the watch to monitor the process of subcontracting relations within the sector
Feki, Mohamed Firas. "Optimisation distribuée pour la recherche des itinéraires multi-opérateurs dans un réseau de transport co-modal." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604509.
Full textCruz, Cécilia. "Le transport pour compte propre, un transport routier comme un autre ? : pratiques et territoires en France depuis la déréglementation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0523/document.
Full textThe large increase, since the late 1980's, in freight carried by transport providers (for-hire transport) resulted in a decrease in the share of that handled by shippers themselves (own account transport). However, there remains a significant proportion of users of transport on own account. Unlike previous work, this thesis aims to support the analysis of the economic dimension of own account transport, taking into account also the geographical, social and legal dimensions. To understand transport flows, it is necessary to undertake an analysis of the production and distribution systems, in particular the practices of actors, to understand all the mechanisms of modal choice. This thesis underlines the importance of taking into account the territorial dimension in firms' decision-making. The study of production characteristics and of transportation systems was carried out by means of a quantitative analysis of Shippers' surveys conducted by INRETS in 1988 and 2004. A qualitative approach was also adopted: interviews were conducted with transport managers of shippers to better understand the conditions for use of own-account transport
Duret, Benjamin. "Du transport routier de marchandises à la logistique : L'émergence d'un outil de planification juridique." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0013.
Full textDeprez, Samuel. "Évaluation des impacts environnementaux du transport routier de marchandises : application aux zones urbano-portuaires." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0021.
Full textRoad freight has a major role in all cities but it actively contributes to the problems of air pollution and noise disturbances, both causing suffering city dwellers. So this research takes into account the activity and its implications upon the quality of life of the inhabitants of Le Havre and Rouen. The first part will reveal a solid link between the roles played by specific part of these cities and the organization of freight and underline the importance of specialized economic functions. The latter constitutes a necessary introduction to make an environmental impact study of this activity. This second part is dealt with through the constitution of indicators of sustainable development, derived from a combination of information about noise disturbance and air pollution. The use of theses indicators highlights situations in which city dwellers are exposed to harmful effects which degrade their health. The results of this study enable us to branch out towards the idea of sustainable city by examining trade flow in the project of the reinforcement of the multi-purpose city in its social and functional aspects as future organization for urban centers
Robenate, Jean-Calvin. "Les politiques de transport routier dans la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20105/document.
Full textConvention governing the economic Union of central Africa (UEAC) contains the specific measures whose object is to harmonize the policies of transport. That passes by the opening of the national markets of the Member States to the economic operators, the suppression of the restrictions on freedom to provide services and of establishment, the interconnection of the infrastructures, etc From the criteria of formal, factual and axiologic validity of the right, this thesis has the aim of analyzing the constraints which handicap these policies. After having made the report of the difficulties related to the choice of the technique of harmonization of laws, the study considers the limits due to the nonobservance of the procedures of admission of conventions in the internal legal orders, with the weakness of the institutions, with the economic risks, financial and political. It suggests that it is necessary to give of the order in the legal systems, thanks to a policy of coding and, in the long term, seeking the legal security, by the standardization of the involved rules. Lastly, vis-a-vis corruption, it gives an opinion for a duty of interference of the International community to make safe the resources intended for the modernization of the road infrastructures
Hayari, Noureddine. "Cartes auto-organisatrices et approche évolutionniste pour les problemes de tournées de véhicules avec regroupements." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2012.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is the study of the vehicle routing problem with clustering. Clustering consists of assigning users to collect points or bus stops and to find the optimal routes passing by these points. Four variants, with increasing complexity are studied: The TSPCluster which is an extension of the traveling salesman problem, the MTSCluster which is a generalization of the previous problem with several vehicles, the VRPCluster which introduces the capacity constraints, and finally the VRPTWCluster which requires time windows. To solve these problems, we have developed a metaheuristic approach which incorporates the Kohonen's self-organizing maps into a population based algorithm. This approach is able to find good solutions for clustering problems in the sense that it handles the clustering and routing simultaneously. Moreover, by introducing the concept of visual model subjected to continual deformations, Our contribution allows to visually follow the optimization progress. We have observed from our results that our methodology is able to handle some problems which have not been solved by classical methods
Germain, C. "Le Conducteur routier, gestionnaire de contraintes." Paris, CNAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CNAM0095.
Full textBargeton, Alexandre. "Fusion multi-sources pour l'interprétation d'un environnement routier." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005997.
Full textOthman, Amine. "Simulation multi-agent de l’information des voyageurs dans les transports en commun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1059/document.
Full textTitle: Multiagent simulation of traveler information on transit networks.Abstract:With the generalization of real-time traveler information, the behavior of modern transport networks becomes harder to analyze and to predict. Advanced traveler Information systems play a major role in modern transportation system, mainly in case of disturbances, and the information is becoming more personalized and individual. Different phenomena such as over-saturation, concentration and over-reaction can be observed after the use of advanced traveler information systems. In fact, without control, the massive spread of information via billboards, radio announcements and individual guidance may have perverse effects and create new traffic jams. It is now critical to develop simulation tools for mobility policies makers, taking into account this new information environment to observe these effects and to consider the proper methods to deal with them.In this PHD work, we propose a multiagent simulation to measure the impact of information provision on the quality of passengers’ travels, notably in case of disturbances, taking into account a heterogeneous information environment. First, we design and implement a simulation to ensure travelers movement in a transit network. Then, we enrich our model to integrate traveler information system and to represent travelers equipped with smart phones. It allows us to evaluate separately personal and general information. To this end, we use the multi-agent paradigm, which is proven to be a powerful model to design and implement transportation applications. To deal with the integration of the traveler information system in the simulator, we adopt an environment-centered approach, where the space-time multiagent environment is the privileged interlocutor of the agents and represent the evolution of the transit network state over time.To test our simulator in a real context, we use real data on the city of Toulouse, France. To assess the impact of information provision, we simulate different scenarios in function of the percentage of connected travelers, represented as agents. These simulated scenarios are analyzed following their impact on the average travel times of the travelers (connected and no-connected). Results show that the number of connected travelers has a positive impact on overall travel times up until a certain threshold before becoming relatively negative
Fouquet, Jean-Philippe. "Les dynamiques professionnelles des conducteurs routiers face à la réorganisation du transport routier de marchandises." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2009.
Full textRazakamananifidiny, Patrick Dany. "Préparer une firme-réseau dans le transport routier des hydrocarbures : le cas de Total Madagascar." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1873/1/030107245.pdf.
Full textFabretti, Jean-François. "Caractérisation des particules atmosphériques liées au transport routier et aérien dans la ville de Nice." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4076.
Full textThis work was dedicated to the characterization of the elemental composition of atmospheric particles associated to urban traffic and air traffic. An analytical method for the determination of trace metals in PM2,5 and PM10 was developed. The instrument used, an ICP-MS, was optimised for the removal of the polyatomic interferences and to provide ultra trace-level detection limits. PM2,5 and PM10 sampling campaigns were conducted in sites within the area of Nice exposed to air and urban traffic : the Nice-Côte d’Azur airport and the urban Malraux tunnel. The analysis of the tunnel data was carried out with specific characterisation tools (enrichment factors, ascending hierarchic classification) and allowed to show specific elemental fingerprint of the “road traffic” source in the PM2,5. Two receptor models, Principal Component Analysis (ACP) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), were used on the airport data. They showed up the different particle sources influencing the ambient air of the receptor site and their contribution to the metal concentration in the air. The PMF model distinguished a specific emission source of metals at the airport with characteristics different from the road traffic emissions and from natural emission
Gomez, Garcia Arturo. "Architecture VPAIR : agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_gomez_garcia.pdf.
Full textProblem of vehicular traffic congestion. Our research aims to provide an alternative architecture in complement to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) with the following objectives: i) design of an affordable architecture based on traffic information systems, ii) the inclusion of this architecture in the standards of current ITS architectures, iii) the traffic route assignment problem, and iv) the traffic data dissemination. To overcome the complexity of traffic congestion in urban settlements we propose an alternative architecture called VPAIR (Virtual Police Agents for ITS Traffic Routing) ori- ented to complement the actual ITS frameworks. Here, the principal actor is the Inter- vehicle communications built upon a design of light infrastructure and cost affordable. Our architecture responds mostly to the demands of related ITS services dealing with the traffic congestion. Especially in cities unable to deploy current solutions because of budget constraints. However, another important aspect is the breach in implementing such IVC-based proposals into running ITS implementations. In order to close this gap, we examine the existent ITS architectures and propose an integration process to conform our architecture proposal into ITS standards based on a case study. Notwithstanding the several approaches to deal with traffic congestion, the traffic information systems aims are improving the fluidness of transport while dodging new congestion sources that might degrade the transportation mobility. This can be delimited to the traffic route assignment problem. We propose a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment to tackle the traffic congestion in order to improve greatly the global travel time of the drivers. Finally, we review an important player in the proposed architecture: the traffic data dissemination. We propose a composite solution to provide a pervasive dissemination of the traffic information. Moreover, we assess our solutions by simulation-based evaluations under a city-size scenario in order to study more faithfully the impact of our solution
Boubakour, Farès. "Surcapacité et sous-utilisation des moyens dans le transport routier de marchandises : le cas de l'Algérie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX24003.
Full textIt is widely agreed that overcapacity is an undesirable technical feature and should hence be discarded. In fact, the problem is more complex because: -the overcapacity can be compulsory, unavoidable and sometimes desired in some precise cases. For instance, in transportation of goods this overcapacity can be considered as normal and sometimes even necessary, with respect to the specificity of activity, for insure free low of the global economic system or for the free choice of the users. -finally, in other cases, over-capacity and under-utilisation of the means of transportation is not only the consequence of the specificity of the activities but a consequence of a set of constraints that tend together to cause a dysfunction in the resources allocation process. This is our topic : the Algerian case
Bula, Gustavo Alfredo. "Vehicle Routing for Hazardous Material Transportation." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0014.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the hazardous materials (HazMat) transportation problem considered as a heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem. HazMat transportation decisions comprise different and sometimes conflicting objectives. Two are considered in this work, the total routing cost and the total routing risk. The first task undertaken was the formulation of a mathematical model for the routing risk minimization, which depends on the type of vehicle, the material being transported, and the load change when the vehicle goes from one customer to another. A piecewise linear approximation is employed to keep a mixed integer linear programing formulation.Hybrid solution methods based on neighborhood search are explored for solving the routing risk minimization. This includes the study of neighborhood structures and the development of a Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) algorithm for local search, and a perturbation mechanism (shaking neighborhoods). A post-optimization procedure is applied to improve the solution quality.Finally, two different solution approaches, a multi-objective dominance-based algorithm and a meta-heuristic epsilon-constraint method are employed for addressing the multi-objective version of the problem. Two performance metrics are used: the hyper volume and the ∆-metric. The front approximations show that a small increment in the total routing cost can produce a high reduction in percentage of the expected consequences given the probability of a HazMat transportation incident
Ben, Said Asma. "Selective vehicle routing problems in collaborative urban transport networks." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2478.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to plan urban freight distribution in a collaborative logistic system. The collaboration consists in exchanging transportation requests between carriers to increase the efficiency of their operations. More precisely, when solving variants of the wellknown vehicle's routing problems in collaborative context, less kilometers can be driven and higher prices can be collected. The underlying operational problem is therefore the selective vehicle routing problem in which not all customers can be served, but a "profit" is gained for each served one. In this thesis, we firstly address the Capacitated Team Orienteering Problem (CTOP), a selective variant of the VRP in which capacity and travel time limitations are imposed to vehicles. We propose a variable space search metaheuristic that alternates between two different search spaces to solve CTOP. Then, we consider pickup and delivery requests to study two variants of the selective pickup and delivery problem: the PDP with Time Windows and Reserved requests (PDPTWPR) and the Clustered PDPTWPR. The first aims to choose suitable selective requests to be transported in addition to reserved ones. Metaheuristics are proposed to deal with the single-objective and the multi-objective sides of the problem. The second takes into consideration groups of requests that must be served by only one carrier. Finally, we consider the Capacitated Profitable Tour Problem (CPTP) in which goods need to be distributed from the depot to customers. We propose an exact method based on Integer Linear Programming to solve this problem. A set of cuts specific to CPTP is proposed in order to speed up the solution process. Experiments were conducted on a variety of instances of different sizes to demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution methods