Academic literature on the topic 'Transport provision'

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Journal articles on the topic "Transport provision"

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Tomek, Miroslav, Miloslav Seidl, and Lenka Rostekova. "Transport Provision of Evacuation." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2002): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2002.4.48-55.

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MARKOWSKA, Katarzyna. "Provision of rail freight transport services – selected aspects." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2017, no. 101 (2017): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2017.101.23.

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Ibraeva, Anna, and João Figueira de Sousa. "Marketing of Public Transport and Public Transport Information Provision." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 162 (December 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.192.

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Kudrytska, Natalia. "International review of water transport institutional provision." University Economic Bulletin, no. 38 (July 3, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-38-63-70.

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The urgency of the research on the institutional provision of water transport in Ukraine is confirmed by the program documents of the Government: the draft National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030; Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU; Ukraine 2020 Sustainable Development Strategy. The purpose of the article is to determine the main provisions for improving the methodology of institutional provision of water transport on the basis of international experience in the context of globalization and integration processes. As a result of the research the following provisions are formulated: - formalization of aspects of port studies (space, time, socio-economic, functional, institutional, organizational level); - definition of ports as clusters of rules, norms and behavior patterns as opposed to researching them as infrastructure objects and nodes of retail networks; - expediency of researches of institutionalization of relations between "actors" that interact with water transport; - representation of the port as a technological and economic point of contacts and contracts; - the need to "measure" the influence of stakeholders on the functioning and performance of the port; - сonsideration of competition of ports from the point of view of construction of target chain systems (supply chains); - taking into account institutional changes in the port industry through the emergence of multinational corporations, multinational global terminal operators; - research of ports as part of the ecological system; - formulation of port administration functions: landlord function, regulator, operator and manager responsible for the entire port cluster; - consideration of ports as market firms, taking into account the inter-functional integration of their business processes in a chain of values.
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Seliverstov, S. A. "DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT PROVISION." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 4 (2015): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2015-4-48-63.

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Hörcher, Daniel, Bruno De Borger, Woubit Seifu, and Daniel J. Graham. "Public transport provision under agglomeration economies." Regional Science and Urban Economics 81 (March 2020): 103503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.103503.

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Woodcock, Andree, and Michael Tovey. "Designing Whole Journey, Multimodal Transport Provision." Design Journal 23, no. 1 (December 6, 2019): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1693210.

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Ferdman, G. P. "LEGAL BASIS PROVISION OF TRANSPORT OF UKRAINE." "Scientific Notes of Taurida V.I. Vernadsky University", series "Public Administration", no. 3 (2020): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/tnu-2663-6468/2020.3/41.

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De Borger, Bruno, and Mogens Fosgerau. "Information provision by regulated public transport companies." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 46, no. 4 (May 2012): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2011.11.007.

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Lin, Weiqiang. "Transport provision and the practice of mobilities production." Progress in Human Geography 42, no. 1 (August 29, 2016): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132516666189.

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This paper propounds a practised understanding of transport provision. While transport geography tends to focus on the effects of planning, mobilities studies view transport provision as framing backdrops of mobile lives. Neither has fully addressed how transport provision is a derivative of mundane practices that contingently lay transport’s structural foundations. This paper argues that delineating these practices imputes a much-needed ‘livingness’ to transport’s formal production and allows for more congruous conversations between transport provision and use. Through a three-part examination, I foreground what potentially goes on during transport’s planning and operations, and highlight the contingencies of these less-than-unitary processes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transport provision"

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Banis, Y. Norouzi. "Data provision and parameter evaluation for erosion modelling." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242445.

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Gronau, Werner, and Andreas Kagermeier. "Key factors for successful leisure and tourism public transport provision." Elsevier, 2007. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36094.

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In the second half of the 20th century, the main focus of transport policy and transport studies was on the reduction of the use of motorised, individual transport, in particular with regard to daily commuter traffic. The main concepts concentrated on creating an attractive public transport supply and, where possible, improving the infrastructure for non-motorized traffic in order to open up alternative forms of travel. Although these concepts produced noticeable effects on everyday travel, they could not cope with steadily rising problems in the field of leisure traffic. Therefore, primarily supply oriented, autocratic desktop transport policies cannot be seen as a promising approach within the leisure context. Consequently, the article focuses on the necessary key factors for successful leisure and tourism public transport provision. It stresses the need for rethinking transport policy by choosing a demand oriented approach and realising the importance of additional accompanying efforts in the areas of marketing, transparency and quality. Focusing on the demand side, with its individual attitudes and preferences, leads to a new understanding of traffic planning by adopting a bottom up, rather than a top down approach.
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Dallen, Jamie Alexander. "Transport and tourism : community rail service provision in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445452.

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Yao, W. "Applying public private partnerships to the provision of intelligent transport systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348213/.

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As an integrated transport solution, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) produce direct benefits for the traveller and operator and bring indirect benefits for society as a whole. Nevertheless, insufficient ITS funding holds back ITS development. PPP (Public Private Partnerships) offers an alternative financing channel, which can be advantageous for both public and private parties. Due to the characteristics of ITS, it can be difficult to attract the private sector to invest in some ITS projects where there is a fluctuating profit stream or where the profits cannot cover the investment. In addition, due to the existence of asymmetric information, it is possible for the private company to abuse his/her advantage in information over the public authority to seek excessive private gains. The aim of this research is to develop an incentive mechanism for a PPP contract for the provision of ITS, not only to motivate the private company to enter ITS markets but also to reduce the impact of asymmetric information between the two parties. The benefits and risks to both parties of entering into a contract for ITS provision are revealed in the World Bank and USDOT (United States Department of Transport) databases. ITS costs, potential funding sources, and the economic aspects of ITS are examined. The variety and interdependency of ITS cost components imply that it is possible for the private company to reduce costs under an appropriate incentive mechanism. Additional profit streams can diversify ITS funding sources and make it possible for otherwise low profit or non profit ITS systems to be provided without using government subsidy or an increase road user tolls. In this thesis, an investigation is conducted of ITS provision through PPPs in China, to investigate how they are used in the Chinese road sector and the bottlenecks in ITS development. There are two case studies to show how government regulation is used to encourage ITS provision through user payment and through subsidy. These findings provide a useful reference point for other areas of the world and are especially relevant to developing countries. A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed in this thesis to assess the ITS benefits to the travellers and the wider benefits to the community. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these methods. In case study One, an SP survey of 1,357 motorway users was conducted in 2007, which examines travellers’willingness to pay for three distinct ITS systems on the Shanghai motorway network. In case study Two, using both AHP and REGIME models, an evaluation of the degree of traffic impact of these three ITS systems is presented. Their relative importance in Shanghai ITS motorway management is then established. This research leads to the development of a theoretical model which incorporates suitable incentive mechanisms for ITS provision through PPPs, on the basis that both parties expect value for money. Complexity has been increased in this model by introducing a subsidy and a shadow cost of subsidy variable, which has not been used in the previous literature. The relationship between subsidy and the efficiency level of the private sector is discussed under conditions of information asymmetry and symmetry. The model shows that it is possible for the private company to maximize the benefits of both the public authority and private company under two constraints, namely Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC). Two working examples sourced from the case studies of two different ITS systems are used to calculate the potential profit and risk costs, first under a flexible payment scheme and then how this simplified by the use of an ITS incentive model. These examples strengthen the argument for the use of incentive models and contribute to ITS project profit control, which is the key for a successful ITS project through PPP.
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Rishko, Andriy, and Андрій Рішко. "Aviation safety provision in civil aviation." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51123.

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1. ICAO Anual Report on "The State of Aviation Security in the World in 2019. URL: https://www.icao.int/safety/Documents/ICAO_SR_2019_final_web.pdf 2. Convention on International Civil Aviation. Chicago 1944 (ICAO Doc.7300). 3. Safety Guidelines for the Protection of Civil Aviation against Acts of Illegal Intrusion. (ICAO Doc 8973). 4. Moskalenko S.I. Problem of security of aviation security in Ukraine [Scientific article], Kiev, 2017. 3p. 5. Malyarchuk N.V. Homyachenko S.I. Ukraine Civil aviation: Problems of state regulation. URL: http://jrnl.nau.edu.ua/index.php/UV/article/download/8547/10386
The emergence of aviation as a distinguished, independent transport industry took place in the twenties of the twentieth century. However, in the second half of the twentieth century, the network of international air routes covered almost all countries of the world. Operations on modern air transport are characterized by mass (number of transport units and volumes), rhythmic (frequency of traffic units) and adequate complexity. In this regard, there is a need for a rigorous legal mechanism for carrying out air transportation, fixing the obligations and rights of the transport process participants and, most importantly, ensuring a reliable level of security. Aviation security as a scientific field is a relatively new aspect of scientific activity. Aviation security is a state of protection of the sector of civil aviation from threats of external factors associated with the implementation of acts of illegal intrusion. The basis of aviation security is a complex of organizational and legal, financial, technical and scientific-methodological measures that ensure the organization of civil security in the aviation at all its levels.
Виникнення авіації як видатної, незалежної транспортної галузі відбулося у двадцятих роках ХХ століття. Однак у другій половині ХХ століття мережа міжнародних повітряних маршрутів охопила майже всі країни світу. Операції на сучасному повітряному транспорті характеризуються масовістю (кількістю транспортних одиниць та обсягами), ритмічністю (частота одиниць руху) та достатньою складністю. У зв'язку з цим існує потреба у суворому правовому механізмі здійснення повітряних перевезень, фіксації обов'язків та прав учасників транспортного процесу та, що найголовніше, забезпечення надійного рівня безпеки. Авіаційна безпека як науковий напрямок є відносно новим аспектом наукової діяльності. Авіаційна безпека - це стан захисту сектору цивільної авіації від загроз зовнішніх факторів, пов’язаних з виконанням актів незаконного вторгнення. Основою авіаційної безпеки є комплекс організаційно-правових, фінансових, технічних та науково-методологічних заходів, що забезпечують організацію цивільної безпеки в авіації на всіх її рівнях.
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Jibrin, Usman Isah. "Social exclusion, public consultation, and the role of transport service providers : the barriers to integrated transport provision." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-exclusion-public-consultation-and-the-role-of-transport-service-providers-the-barriers-to-integrated-transport-provision(c91277f4-e001-4f7b-8499-8534b92198e1).html.

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Transport projects are complex; the interface with different policy areas can often lead to significant challenges to ensuring that long-term value outcomes are achieved. This thesis seeks to explore the challenges associated with the effective provision of transport services from a social exclusion perspective. It uncovers a number of key factors that can affect the successful delivery and provision of such schemes by examining the consequence of the decisions and actions taken by service providers and commissioners. Using a case study approach conducted on three local authority projects across the United Kingdom, the study is exploratory in nature through an in-depth qualitative data analysis. In order to address the aim of the thesis, six key objectives are defined: to understand how transport projects may act as a vehicle for delivering policy aimed at addressing social exclusion in the United Kingdom; to understand and investigate the impact of deregulation of the bus industry on the provision of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded; to critically examine the process underpinning decisions that guide the provision of transport schemes to address social exclusion; to examine the propensity for service users to be actively involved in the decision making process; to conduct a case study research in order to explore the challenges to the successful provision and delivery of the transport services to the socially excluded as a consequence of the decisions and actions taken by the service providers in the case study areas; and to characterise the factors that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.Semi structured interviews were carried out with the service providers in three locations– West Midlands, Sheffield, and Manchester. These interviews seek to determine the challenges to the effective provision and delivery of transport services as a consequence of the decisions and actions of the service providers. Overall, some challenges that could inhibit the provision and delivery of transport services were identified. These include constraint on the provision and delivery of transport services for the socially excluded due to the Competition Act, lack of accessible information, lack of close working relationship between service providers, lack of trust and mutual respect between service providers, too much focus in reducing the number of benefits claimant, service accessibility – inflexible access criteria, lack of support for bus drivers, lack of cultural diversity in the workforce and marketing of services, resource constraints on scheme performance, tendency on the service providers to focus getting output rather than outcomes, partnership issues - lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of common understanding of social exclusion, tendency on the service providers to focus on economic aspect, and lack of willingness to fully engage with citizens in the delivery and provision of transport services.These challenges identified were then further analysed in order to examine the underlying reasons why those challenges existed. Having identified and examined the challenges that could hinder the provision and delivery of the transport services, particularly for the socially excluded, some recommendations were made based on the identified issues that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.The findings that emerged contribute toward the social exclusion and transport provision domain in four areas:• Highlighted and provided an understanding of the difficulties surrounding the role of bus drivers and how it affects transport provision for the socially excluded;• The importance and the need to have the local knowledge in delivering transport service;• Understanding service provider’s attitude towards engaging with the community in the provision of transport services; and, • Inadequate funding and the impacts on transport provision for the socially excluded.
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Crocker, John Timothy. "Organizational Arrangements for the Provision of Cross-Boundary Transport Infrastructure and Services." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14648.

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Construction and operation of cross-boundary transportation infrastructure is a challenge at the local, state, and international levels. Trends in travel patterns show increases in travel demand in both the United States and Europe resulting in greater attention to cross-boundary infrastructure and services. In the United States, this challenge has arisen most frequently in provision regional transit services and infrastructure while Europe is faced with a challenge of connecting its member-states. One question that remains unknown is whether when governments are faced with providing cross-boundary infrastructure or services, do they develop similar organizational arrangements when meeting these challenges regardless of what level of government is involved? This research asks whether governments at all levels of governance develop similar organizational solutions in the construction and operation of transport infrastructure. This question is answered through an examination of regional transit provision in seven U.S. metropolitan areas, six commuter rail systems in the United States, a series of bi-state river highway bridges in the United States, and five cross-border segments of the Trans-European Transport Network in the European Union, three similar organizational arrangements types were found to govern cross-boundary provision of transportation infrastructure and/or services. These three types, an independent entity, an intergovernmental agreement or contract, or direct financial payment, were found at all levels of governance. The research suggests that there is a relationship between the complexity of the service involved the level of financial control indicating that more complex operations such as network of services requiring day-to-day operation tend to be arranged as independent entities with various levels of public and/or private financing.
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Ellis, S. D. "The economics of the provision of rural transport services in developing countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3297.

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Rural accessibility planning in developing countries over the last few decades has primarily focused on increasing rural communities access to rural roads. It has been considered that road building improves access to health, education, markets and employment opportunities, and hence promotes economic development. It is argued in this thesis that accessibility, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, has not improved to the desired extent because the problem of mobility, in terms of access to vehicle services, has not been addressed. The provision of rural roads and transport services have been taken as synonymous with each other, but in reality this has not proved to be the case. This thesis attempts to redress that balance by seeking to change the mindset of policy makers to think about mobility and increase the emphasis placed on the promotion of transport services, both motorised and non-motorised. The findings relate to surveys undertaken in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Zimbabwe and Pakistan where data were collected on vehicle operating costs (VOC's) and performance for a wide range of commonly used rural vehicles. These included human porterage and non-motorised vehicles such as bicycles and animal transport, as well as motorised vehicles such as conventional trucks and pickups, agricultural tractors and simple engine-powered vehicles. Analysis of the data demonstrated large differences in the VOC's and transport charges for rural transport services between the generally efficient systems in the Asian countries and the inefficient ones in the African countries studied. These findings form the foundation for the development of the Rural Transport Planner (RTP) and the framework which identifies the relationships between transport charges, VOC's, and factors relating to the vehicles operating environment. The RTP provides the first known attempt at producing a model for rural vehicle selection and for recommending interventions to improve the operating environment for rural transport services.
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Man, Kwoon-yin Kevin. "Integrated transport-urban planning model its impact on Hong Kong's open space provision /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36789318.

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文冠賢 and Kwoon-yin Kevin Man. "Integrated transport-urban planning model: its impact on Hong Kong's open space provision." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36789318.

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Books on the topic "Transport provision"

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Taubman Center for State and Local Government., ed. The private provision of public transport. Cambridge, MA: Taubman Center for State and Local Government, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2001.

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Levy, Caren. Towards gender-aware provision of urban transport. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1991.

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Levy, Caren. Towards gender: Aware provision of urban transport. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1992.

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Vanags, A. Comparative advantage in the provision international transport services. London: Queen Mary and Westfield College, Department of Economics, 1990.

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Jegede, Francis. Transport provision & the inner city: A survey of transport provision and requirements for the residents of Derby City Challenge Area. [Derby: University of Derby], 1995.

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Levy, Caren. Towards gender-aware provision of urban transport: [tutor notes]. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 1990.

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TRaC. Social exclusion and the provision and availability of public transport: Report. London: The Dept., 2000.

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Fullerton, Janet. Effects of changes in public transport provision on shopping behaviour in Gateshead. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Safety and Transportation Dept., Transport Planning Division, 1985.

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McConville, J. The growing demand for accessible urban transport: An analysis of the provision of services for the transport disadvantaged. London: City of London Polytechnic, Department of Business Studies, 1990.

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O'Neill, John. The role of railways in the provision of public transport in rural areas of Northern Ireland. [s.l: The author], 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transport provision"

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Button, Kenneth, and David Pitfield. "More private sector provision of roads in Europe?" In Transport Deregulation, 191–205. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21616-1_10.

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Merkert, Rico, and Jonathan Cowie. "Efficiency assessment in transport service provision." In The Routledge Handbook of Transport Economics, 251–67. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726786-15.

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Attard, Maria. "The environment in the provision of transport." In The Routledge Handbook of Transport Economics, 269–83. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726786-16.

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Yedla, Sudhakar. "Transport Service Provision: Environmental and Other Implications." In Urban Transportation and the Environment, 29–38. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2313-9_3.

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Mitullah, Winnie V., and Romanus Opiyo. "Non-motorized transport infrastructure provision on selected roads in Nairobi." In Non-motorized Transport Integration into Urban Transport Planning in Africa, 90–111. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Transport and society: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315598451-7.

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Yen, Barbara T. H., and Corinne Mulley. "Parking provision, parking demand and public transport accessibility." In The Routledge Handbook of Public Transport, 405–18. New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367816698-33.

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Halpern, Nigel. "The provision of service information for public transport." In The Routledge Handbook of Public Transport, 355–66. New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367816698-29.

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Mitullah, Winnie V., and Romanus Opiyo. "Institutional framework for walking and cycling provision in Cape Town, Dar es Salaam and Nairobi." In Non-motorized Transport Integration into Urban Transport Planning in Africa, 189–205. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Transport and society: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315598451-12.

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Kamau, Anne W. "Informal transport worker organizations and social protection provision in Kenya." In Social Protection and Informal Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 99–121. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173694-5.

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Dydkowski, Grzegorz. "Electronic Fare Collection Systems vs. Passenger Rights and Effectiveness of Services Provision." In Transport Development Challenges in the 21st Century, 169–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50010-8_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transport provision"

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Orme, E. A., and M. Bull. "Provision of better traffic data." In IET and ITS Conference on Road Transport Information and Control (RTIC 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.1538.

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Szarataa, Andrzej, Olga Kokkinoub, Socrates Basbasb, and Ioannis Politisb. "Evaluation of Telematic Applications for Information Provision in Public Transport." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100700.

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This paper investigates various parameters that are related with the information provided by telematics applications in public transport. The telematics applications examined are a) a web site portal that provides real time information to PT users, b) a smartphone application that utilizes the advantages of location identification and c) an interactive voice response (IVR) system. The examination was performed through a revealed and stated preference questionnaire-survey that was addressed to public transport users in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The parameters investigated are related with the socioeconomic background of the public transport users, their mobility patterns and attitudes as well as with stated opinions about changes that telematics applications may have on their current travel behavior. Finally, a linear multiple regression model was developed, indicating that the parameters which may have an impact on the perceived cost of these application (as a percentage of the total fare level) are related with the application itself, the age of the PT user as well as with his/her educational level.
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Novianty, Indah, Yosi Pahala, Sri Rahardjo, and Wawan Darwan. "ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISION OF RIVER DOCKS ON THE MUSI RIVER BASED ON PASSENGERS AND GOODS TRIP GENERATION." In Global Research on Sustainable Transport (GROST 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/grost-17.2018.11.

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Islamova, Oksana V., and Alan A. Zhilyaev. "Provision of quality of technological process of manufacturing machine-building manufacturing products." In 2017 International Conference "Quality Management,Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2017.8085878.

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Kuzina, Marina A., Julia A. Tagiltseva, and Elena L. Kuzina. "Priorities in the provision of interstate “balance of interests” in international relations." In 2017 International Conference "Quality Management,Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2017.8085880.

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Caulfield, B. "The provision of on street passenger information via real time passenger information; a case study of Dublin." In 12th IEE International Conference on Road Transport Information & Control - RTIC 2004. IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20040001.

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Hein, Bernhard, Rolf Heidemann, Wolfgane Bambach, R. Schlechte, Rasmus Nordby, Ignacio Alcalde, Nikolaos K. Uzunoglou, and Jose F. da Rocha. "RACE 1051: a multigigabit transport and distribution technology for provision of digital video services." In Berlin - DL tentative, edited by Robert A. Cryan, P. Nalinjai Fernando, John M. Senior, and Winston I. Way. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.161514.

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Zhang, Haibin, Xiuzhong Chen, Lei Wang, Peng Jia, Jie Zhang, and Wanyi Gu. "Transport network services provision in extended service plane based on automatic switching optical network." In Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Jianli Wang, Gee-Kung Chang, Yoshio Itaya, and Herwig Zech. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.745331.

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Ondar, Aylana, and Aleksandr Levshin. "Transport provision for increasing mobility of rural doctor in typical districts of the republic of tuva." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf437.

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Vyskoč, Lukáš, and Tatiana Remencová. "Funding options of regional airports in the context of present legislation." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.33.

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The presented article is focused on funding options of regional airports. It describes the provision of state aid to regional airports, and it defines the regional airport, its specifications, and problems. From the view of the present legislation, it evaluates the European Union legislation and its application, it also analyses the state aid provision in civil aviation. In the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, it describes the situation in air transport and solves the provision of state aid to regional airports in Slovak Republic. Based on acquired knowledge and information, it suggests the changes in the legislation, and it brings a new vision how to improve the situation of regional airports not only in Slovak Republic, but also in the world.
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Reports on the topic "Transport provision"

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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.

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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.
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Papaioannou, Dimitrios, and Elisabeth Windisch. Open configuration options Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities: Assessing Scenarios. Edited by Laureen Montes Calero and Ernesto Monter. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003976.

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This report is the second output of the Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities project (DTLA), developed jointly by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the International Transport Forum (ITF-OECD). DTLA supports transport decarbonisation in Bogota (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina), and Mexico City (Mexico). These cities were selected based on their data availability about urban transport activity. As a result of this initiative, the first report describes a review of policies and key mobility challenges to deliver on a sustainable transport system. This second report presents the development and provision of a quantitative assessment tool that allows assessing the impact of transport CO2 reduction actions and respective scenarios to 2050. Both reports facilitate policy dialogue across all relevant stakeholders and supports peer learning and best practice exchange between the case study cities and beyond. Moreover, the reports bring out the need for rethinking decarbonization policies to consider their potential for achieving other benefits related with improving the quality of the transport services, closing gender equality gaps, and improving financial sustainability of current business models.
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Herrera Dappe, Matías, Tomás Serebrisky, and Ancor Suárez-Alemán. On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003326.

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Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.
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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan José Ospina, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, Adolfo León Cobo-Serna, Edgar Caicedo-García, Juan Pablo Cote-Barón, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, et al. Informe de Política Monetaria - Julio de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3.-2021.

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1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principalmente de oferta y de costos, la mayoría de los cuales no fueron anticipados, o los previstos fueron más persistentes de lo esperado, y que en conjunto interrumpieron la recuperación de la actividad económica observada a comienzos de año y llevaron la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta. La inflación básica (sin alimentos ni regulados: SAR) aumentó, pero se mantuvo baja y acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico. A comienzos de abril se inició una tercera ola de pandemia, más acentuada y prolongada que la anterior, con un elevado costo en vidas humanas y algún impacto negativo en la recuperación económica. Entre mayo y mediados de junio los bloqueos de las carreteras y los problemas de orden público tuvieron un fuerte efecto negativo sobre la actividad económica y la inflación. Se estima que la magnitud de estos dos choques combinados habría generado una caída en niveles en el producto interno bruto (PIB) con respecto al primer trimestre del año. Adicionalmente, los bloqueos causaron un aumento significativo de los precios de los alimentos. A estos choques se sumaron los efectos acumulados de la disrupción global en algunas cadenas de valor y el incremento en los fletes internacionales que desde finales de 2020 vienen generando restricciones de oferta y aumentos de costos. Todos estos factores, que afectaron principalmente el índice de precios al consumidor (IPC) de bienes y de alimentos, explicaron la mayor parte del error de pronóstico del equipo técnico y el aumento de la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta del 3 %. El incremento en la inflación básica y de los precios de los regulados fue acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico, y se explica principalmente por la eliminación de varios alivios de precios otorgados un año atrás. A todo esto se suma la mayor percepción de riesgo soberano y las presiones al alza que esto implica sobre el costo de financiamiento externo y la tasa de cambio. A pesar de los fuertes choques negativos, el crecimiento económico esperado para la primera mitad del año (9,1%), es significativamente mayor que lo proyectado en el informe de abril (7,1%), signo de una economía más dinámica que se recuperaría más rápido de lo previsto. Desde finales de 2020 las diferentes cifras de actividad económica han mostrado un crecimiento mayor que el esperado. Esto sugiere que los efectos negativos sobre el producto de las recurrentes olas de contagio estarían siendo cada vez menos fuertes y duraderos. No obstante, la tercera ola de contagio del Covid-19, y en mayor medida los bloqueos a las vías y los problemas de orden público, habrían generado una caída del PIB durante el segundo trimestre, frente al primero. Pese a lo anterior, los datos del índice de seguimiento a la economía (ISE) de abril y mayo han resultado mayores que lo esperado, y las nuevas cifras de actividad económica sectoriales sugieren que el impacto negativo de la pandemia sobre el producto se sigue moderando, en un entorno de menores restricciones a la movilidad y de mayor avance en el ritmo de vacunación. Los registros de transporte de carga (junio) y la demanda de energía no regulada (julio), entre otros, indican una recuperación importante después de los bloqueos en mayo. Con todo lo anterior, el incremento anual del PIB del segundo trimestre se habría situado alrededor del 17,3 % (antes 15,8 %), explicado en gran parte por una base baja de comparación. Para todo 2021 el equipo técnico incrementó su proyección de crecimiento desde un 6 % hasta el 7,5 %. Este pronóstico, que está rodeado de una incertidumbre inusualmente elevada, supone que no se presentarán problemas de orden público y que posibles nuevas olas de contagio del Covid-19 no tendrán efectos negativos adicionales sobre la actividad económica. Frente al pronóstico del informe pasado, la recuperación de la demanda externa, los niveles de precios de algunos bienes básicos que exporta el país y la dinámica de las remesas de trabajadores han sido mejores que las esperadas y seguirían impulsando la recuperación del ingreso nacional en lo que resta del año. A esto se sumaría la aún amplia liquidez internacional, la aceleración en el proceso de vacunación y las bajas tasas de interés, factores que continuarían favoreciendo la actividad económica. La mejor dinámica del primer semestre, que llevó a una revisión al alza en el crecimiento de todos los componentes del gasto, continuaría hacia adelante y, antes de lo esperado en abril, la economía recuperaría los niveles de producción de 2019 a finales de 2021. El pronóstico continúa incluyendo efectos de corto plazo sobre la demanda agregada de una reforma tributaria de magnitud similar a la proyectada por el Gobierno. Con todo eso, en el escenario central de este informe, el pronóstico de crecimiento para 2021 es del 7,5 % y para 2022 del 3,1 %. A pesar de esto, el nivel de la actividad económica seguiría siendo inferior a su potencial. La mejora en estas proyecciones, sin embargo, está rodeada de una alta incertidumbre. En junio la inflación anual (3,63 %) aumentó más de lo esperado debido al comportamiento del grupo de alimentos, mientras que la inflación básica (1,87 %) fue similar a la proyectada. En lo que resta del año el mayor nivel del IPC de alimentos persistiría y contribuiría a mantener la inflación por encima de la meta. A finales de 2022 la inflación total y básica retornarían a tasas cercanas al 3 %, en un entorno de desaceleración del IPC de alimentos y de menores excesos de capacidad productiva. En los meses recientes el aumento en los precios internacionales de los fletes y de los bienes agrícolas, y las mayores exportaciones de carne y el ciclo ganadero han ejercido presiones al alza sobre el precio de los alimentos, principalmente de los procesados. A estas fuerzas persistentes se sumaron los bloqueos de las vías nacionales y los problemas de orden público en varias ciudades registrados en mayo y parte de junio, los cuales se reflejaron en una fuerte restricción en la oferta y en un aumento anual no esperado del IPC de alimentos (8,52 %). El grupo de regulados (5,93 %) también se aceleró, debido a la baja base de comparación en los precios de la gasolina y a la disolución de parte de los alivios a las tarifas de servicios públicos otorgados en 2020. Como se proyectaba, la inflación SAR repuntó al 1,87 %, debido a la reactivación de los impuestos indirectos de algunos bienes y servicios eliminados un año atrás, y por las presiones al alza que ejercieron los alimentos sobre las comidas fuera del hogar (CFH), entre otros. En lo que resta del año se espera que el aumento en los alimentos perecederos se revierta, siempre y cuando no se registren nuevos bloqueos duraderos a las vías nacionales. El mayor nivel de precios de los alimentos procesados persistiría y contribuiría a mantener la inflación por encima de la meta a finales de año. La inflación SAR continuaría con una tendencia creciente, en la medida en que los excesos de capacidad productiva se sigan cerrando y registraría un aumento transitorio en marzo de 2022, debido principalmente al restablecimiento del impuesto al consumo en las CFH. Con todo esto, para finales de 2021 y 2022 se estima una inflación total del 4,1 % y 3,1 %, y una inflación básica del 2,6 % y 3,2 %, respectivamente. El comportamiento conjunto de los precios del IPC SAR, junto con continuas sorpresas al alza en la actividad económica, son interpretados por el equipo técnico como señales de amplios excesos de capacidad productiva de la economía. Estos persistirían en los siguientes dos años, al final de los cuales la brecha del producto se cerraría. El mayor crecimiento económico sugiere una brecha del producto menos negativa que la estimada hace un trimestre. Sin embargo, el comportamiento de la inflación básica, especialmente en servicios, indica que el PIB potencial se ha recuperado de forma sorpresiva y que los excesos de capacidad siguen siendo amplios, con una demanda agregada afectada de forma persistente. Esta interpretación encuentra soporte en el mercado laboral, en donde persiste un desempleo alto y la recuperación de los empleos perdidos se estancó. Adicionalmente, los aumentos en la inflación en buena medida están explicados por choques de oferta y de costos y por la disolución de algunos alivios de precios otorgados un año atrás. Los pronósticos de crecimiento y de inflación descritos son coherentes con una brecha del producto que se cierra más rápido y es menos negativa en todo el horizonte de pronóstico con respecto al informe de abril. No obstante, la incertidumbre sobre los excesos de capacidad es muy alta y es un riesgo sobre el pronóstico. Las perspectivas de las cuentas fiscales de Colombia se deterioraron, Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings (S&P) y Fitch Ratings (Fitch) redujeron su calificación crediticia, los bloqueos y problemas de orden público afectaron el producto y el país enfrentó una nueva ola de contagios de Covid-19 más acentuada y prolongada que las pasadas. Todo lo anterior se ha reflejado en un aumento de las primas de riesgo y en una depreciación del peso frente al dólar. Esto ha ocurrido en un entorno favorable de ingresos externos. Los precios internacionales del petróleo, del café y de otros bienes básicos que exporta el país aumentaron y han contribuido a la recuperación de los términos de intercambio y del ingreso nacional, y han mitigado las presiones al alza sobre las primas de riesgo y la tasa de cambio. En el presente informe se incrementó el precio esperado del petróleo para 2021 a USD 68 por barril (antes USD 61 bl) y para 2022 a USD 66 bl (antes USD 60 bl). Esta mayor senda presenta una convergencia hacia precios menores que los observados recientemente, como resultado de una mayor oferta mundial esperada de petróleo, la cual más que compensaría el incremento en la demanda de este bien básico. Por ende, se supone que el aumento reciente de los precios tiene un carácter transitorio. En el escenario macroeconómico actual se espera que las condiciones financieras internacionales sean algo menos favorables, a pesar de la mejora en los ingresos externos por cuenta de una mayor demanda y unos precios del petróleo y de otros productos de exportación más altos. Frente al informe de abril el crecimiento de la demanda externa fue mejor que el esperado, y las proyecciones para 2021 y 2022 aumentaron del 5,2 % al 6,0 % y del 3,4 % al 3,5 %, respectivamente. En lo corrido del año las cifras de actividad económica muestran una demanda externa más dinámica de la esperada. En los Estados Unidos y China la recuperación del producto ha sido más rápida que la registrada en los países de la región. En estos últimos la reactivación económica ha estado limitada por los rebrotes del Covid-19, las limitaciones en la oferta de vacunas y el poco espacio fiscal para enfrentar la pandemia, entre otros factores. La buena dinámica en el comercio externo de bienes se ha dado en un entorno de deterioro en las cadenas de valor y de un aumento importante en los precios de las materias primas y en el costo de los fletes. En los Estados Unidos la inflación sorprendió al alza y su valor observado y esperado se mantiene por encima de la meta, al tiempo que se incrementó la proyección de crecimiento económico. Con esto, el inicio de la normalización de la política monetaria en ese país se daría antes de lo proyectado. En este informe se estima que el primer incremento en la tasa de interés de la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos se dé a finales de 2022 (antes del primer trimestre de 2023). Para Colombia se supone una mayor prima de riesgo frente al informe de abril y se sigue esperando que presente una tendencia creciente, dada la acumulación de deuda pública y externa del país. Todo esto contribuiría a un incremento en el costo del financiamiento externo en el horizonte de pronóstico. La postura expansiva de la política monetaria sigue soportando unas condiciones financieras internas favorables. En el segundo trimestre la tasa de interés interbancaria y el índice bancario de referencia (IBR) se han mantenido acordes con la tasa de interés de política. Las tasas de interés promedio de captación y crédito continuaron históricamente bajas, a pesar de algunos incrementos observados a finales de junio. La cartera en moneda nacional detuvo su desaceleración anual y, entre marzo y junio, el crédito a los hogares se aceleró, principalmente para compra de vivienda. La recuperación de la cartera comercial y de los desembolsos a ese sector fue importante, y se alcanzó de nuevo el elevado saldo observado un año atrás, cuando las empresas requirieron niveles significativos de liquidez para enfrentar los efectos económicos de la pandemia. El riesgo de crédito aumentó, las provisiones se mantienes altas y algunos bancos han retirado de su balance una parte de su cartera vencida. No obstante, las utilidades del sistema financiero se han recuperado y sus niveles de liquidez y solvencia se mantienen por encima del mínimo regulatorio. A partir de este informe se implementará una nueva metodología para cuantificar y comunicar la incertidumbre que rodea los pronósticos del escenario macroeconómico central, en un entorno de política monetaria activa. Esta metodología se conoce como densidades predictivas (DP) y se explica en detalle en el Recuadro 1. Partiendo del balance de riesgos que contiene los principales factores que, de acuerdo con el juicio del equipo técnico, podrían afectar a la economía en el horizonte de pronóstico, la metodología DP produce distribuciones de probabilidad sobre el pronóstico de las principales variables (v. g.: crecimiento, inflación). Estas distribuciones reflejan el resultado de los posibles choques (a variables externas, precios y actividad económica) que podría recibir la economía y su transmisión, considerando la estructura económica y la respuesta de política monetaria en el futuro. En este sentido, permiten cuantificar la incertidumbre alrededor del pronóstico y su sesgo. El ejercicio DP muestra un sesgo a la baja en el crecimiento económico y en la brecha del producto, y al alza en la inflación. El balance de riesgos indica que las disyuntivas para la política monetaria serán potencialmente más complejas que lo contemplado en el pasado. Por el lado de las condiciones de financiamiento externo, se considera que el mayor riesgo es que se tornen un poco menos favorables, en un escenario en el cual la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos incremente con mayor prontitud su tasa de interés. Esto último, ante un crecimiento económico y del empleo mayor que el esperado en los Estados Unidos que genere presiones significativas sobre la inflación de ese país. A esto se suma la incertidumbre sobre el panorama fiscal en Colombia y sus efectos sobre la prima de riesgo y el costo del financiamiento externo. En el caso del crecimiento, la mayoría de los riesgos son a la baja, destacándose los efectos de la incertidumbre política y fiscal sobre las decisiones de consumo e inversión, la aparición de nuevas olas de contagio de la pandemia del Covid-19 y sus impactos sobre la actividad económica. En el caso de la inflación, se incorporó el riesgo de una mayor persistencia de los choques asociados con la disrupción de las cadenas de valor, mayores precios internacionales de las materias primas y de los alimentos, y una recuperación más lenta que la esperada de la cadena agrícola nacional afectada por los pasados bloqueos a las vías. Estos riesgos presionarían al alza principalmente los precios de los alimentos y de los bienes. Como principal riesgo a la baja se incluyó un alza de los arriendos menor que el esperado en el escenario central, explicada por una demanda débil y por una mayor oferta en 2022 dadas las altas ventas de vivienda observadas en el presente año. Con todo, el crecimiento económico presenta un sesgo a la baja y, con el 90 % de confianza, se encontraría entre un 6,1 % y 9,1 % para 2021 y entre el 0,5 % y 4,1 % para 2022. La brecha del producto tendría un sesgo a la baja, principalmente en 2022. El sesgo de la inflación es al alza, y se encontraría entre el 3,7 % y 4,9 % en 2021, y el 2,2 % y 4,7 % en 2022, con un 90 % de probabilidad. 1.2 Decisión de política monetaria En las reuniones de junio y julio la JDBR decidió mantener la tasa de política monetaria inalterada en 1,75 %.
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