Journal articles on the topic 'Transport protocol'

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1

Etienne Le Louet, Antoine Blin, Julien Sopena, Kamel Haddadou, and Ahmed Amaou. "Effects of secured DNS transport on resolver performance." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/nuxl5710.

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Designed 40 years ago, DNS is still a core component of the Internet: billions of DNS queries are processed each day to resolve domain names to IP addresses. Originally designed for performance and scalability, its transport protocol is unencrypted, leading to security flaws. Recently, secure protocols have emerged, but the question of their scalability and sustainability remains open. In this paper, we study the cost of switching from the legacy DNS transport to the newer ones, by first characterising the shape of the traffic between clients and secured public resolvers. Then we replicate said traffic, to measure the added cost of each protocol. We found that, while connections usually stayed open, many closures and openings were made in some cases. Comparing these profiles over different DNS transports, we observe that switching from the legacy protocol to a more secure one can lead to an important performance penalty.
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Suherman, S., Naemah Mubarakah, and Marwan Al-Akaidi. "Minimizing Energy Consumption on Mobile Phone by Rearranging Transport Protocol Load." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.15350.

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There are two transport layer protocols that have been used in the internet protocol (IP) networks: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both protocols have been utilized for video streaming applications. This paper examines energy consumed by a mobile device when TCP or UDP employed by the application within it for streaming a video file. A transport protocol load management is proposed to reduce the mobile device energy consumptions. The experiments were conducted in the 802.11 environment. The results show that the proposed method is able to minimize mobile device energy consumptions up to 10.7% and 3.34% for both TCP and UDP protocols.
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Ahuja, Sanjay P., and W. Russell Shore. "Wireless Transport Layer Congestion Control Evaluation." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 1, no. 3 (July 2011): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2011070105.

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The performance of transport layer protocols can be affected differently due to wireless congestion, as opposed to network congestion. Using an active network evaluation strategy in a real world test-bed experiment, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), and Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in terms of throughput, fairness, and smoothness. Though TCP’s fairness was shown to suffer in wireless congestion, the results showed that it still outperforms the alternative protocols in both wireless congestion, and network congestion. In terms of smoothness, the TCP-like congestion control algorithm of DCCP did outperform TCP in wireless congestion, but at the expense of throughput and ensuing fairness. SCTP’s congestion control algorithm was also found to provide better smoothness in wireless congestion. In fact, it provided smoother throughput performance than in the network congestion.
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Olenev, Valentin, Irina Lavrovskaya, Yuriy Sheynin, Ilya Korobkov, Elena Suvorova, Elena Podgornova, Dmitry Dymov, and Sergey Kochura. "STP-ISS Transport Protocol for SpaceWire On-Board Networks." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2014100103.

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The paper describes the development of a new transport protocol for the SpaceWire onboard networks. It starts from the overview and analysis of existing SpaceWire-oriented transport protocols. Then the paper considers the general industrial requirements for the Transport protocol, which should operate over the SpaceWire network technology. The main two chapters of the paper present the first and the second revisions of the new STP-ISS transport protocol, which has been developed in accordance with the results of the overview and technical requirements. In addition, the authors describe STP-ISS modeling process, which was very efficient for the STP ISS protocol development, testing, analysis and improvement.
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Alturaihe, Firas Sabah. "Reliable New Transport Protocol." IOSR Journal of Engineering 3, no. 10 (October 2013): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-031025659.

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Crowcroft, J., and K. Paliwoda. "A multicast transport protocol." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 18, no. 4 (August 1988): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/52325.52349.

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Roy, Rimpa Ghosh, and Chaitali Biswas. "Intra-hospital transport protocol." International Journal of Advance Research in Nursing 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/nursing.2022.v5.i2c.291.

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Camarillo, G., R. Kantola, and H. Schulzrinne. "Evaluation of transport protocols for the session initiation protocol." IEEE Network 17, no. 5 (September 2003): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2003.1233916.

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Wang, Zhaoxu, Huachun Zhou, Bohao Feng, and Yuming Zhang. "A Joint Reliable Transport Strategy in Internet of Vehicles." Electronics 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090926.

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Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is promising in bringing various data services from the traditional Internet to vehicle networks. Therefore, a reliable transport service in IoV needs to cross multiple heterogeneous networks with quite different characteristics. However, no single transport protocol is able to cope with such complex scenarios comprehensively with efficient data transmission all the way. To this end, we provide a solution named the joint reliable transport strategy (JR-TS) that selects different transport protocols on demand based on various scenarios, and builds an entire end-to-end route by linking all these transport protocols head to tail. Currently, JR-TS has already included three types of transport protocols to adapt to three typical network scenarios. With the proper implementations and settings, JR-TS can improve end-to-end transport performance and cache capacity efficiency more effectively than any single transport protocol.
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Tribble, Dennis A. "Overview of Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol communications." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 66, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070591.

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Gurbani, Vijay K., and Rajnish Jain. "Transport protocol considerations for session initiation protocol networks." Bell Labs Technical Journal 9, no. 1 (May 11, 2004): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20006.

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Wheeb, Ali Hussein. "Performance Evaluation of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC for Different Traffic Flow in Wired Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3552-3557.

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<p>The demand for internet applications has increased rapidly. Providing quality of service (QoS) requirements for varied internet application is a challenging task. One important factor that is significantly affected on the QoS service is the transport layer. The transport layer provides end-to-end data transmission across a network. Currently, the most common transport protocols used by internet application are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Also, there are recent transport protocols such as DCCP (data congestion control protocol), SCTP (stream congestion transmission protocol), and TFRC (TCP-friendly rate control), which are in the standardization process of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In this paper, we evaluate the performance of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC protocols for different traffic flows: data transmission, video traffic, and VOIP in wired networks. The performance criteria used for this evaluation include throughput, end to end delay, and packet loss rate. Well-known network simulator NS-2 used to implement the UDP, DCCP, SCTP, and TFRC protocols performance comparison. Based on the simulation results, the performance throughput of SCTP and TFRC is better than UDP. Moreover, DCCP performance is superior SCTP and TFRC in term of end-to-end delay.</p>
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Zhang, Jiapei, Zhou Li, Baozhong Suo, Xiao Wang, and Yiran Guo. "Performance simulation analysis of transport layer protocol for satellite network." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 7 (August 3, 2022): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v7i.1080.

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This paper studies the performance of transport layer protocol in the design of satellite network. The main transport layer protocols proposed in recent years are analyzed, and the performance of different satellite application scenarios is compared and simulated. The results show that the corresponding transport layer protocol should be selected according to the process of building satellite network and the characteristics of transmission link can effectively improve the network transmission performance.
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El-Gendy, Hazem Mostafa, and Ihab ElSayed Talkhan. "Towards Standardized Conformance Test Suite for ISO Transport Layer Protocol." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 2 (December 28, 2013): 3268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i2.3291.

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In this paper, we develop a sound Conformance Test Suite for the Transport Layer Protocol Internationally standardized by both ISO and IEC. This is to test the implementations of the protocol, promote and facilitate standardized test suites, and promote the use of formal methods. We use formal methods for the generation of testing sequences to make the results sound. The protocol is formally specified in Lotos; the ISO/IEC Formal Description Technique for computer/communications protocols and distributed systems.
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J. Nayak, Amitkumar, and Amit P. Ganatra. "Modeling Transport Layer Protocol Behaviour to Improve Data Center Network Performance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.15855.

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Today, there is a generalized standard usage of internet for all.The devices via multiple technologies that facilitates to provide few communication methods to scholars to work with. By forming multiple paths in the data center network, latest generation data centers offer maximum bandwidth with robustness. To utilize this bandwidth, it is necessary that different data flows take separate paths. In brief, a single-path transport seems inappropriate for such networks. By using Multipath TCP, we must reconsider data center networks, with a diverse approach as to the association between topology, transport protocols, routing. Multipath TCP allows certain topologies that single path TCP cannot use. In newer generation data centers, Multipath TCP is already deployable using extensively deployed technologies such as Equal-cost multipath routing. But, major benefits will come when data centers are specifically designed for multipath transports. Due to manifold of technologies like Cloud computing, social networking, and information networks there is a need to deploy the number of large data centers. While Transport Control Protocol is the leading Layer-3 transport protocol in data center networks, the operating conditions like high bandwidth, small-buffered switches, and traffic patterns causes poor performance of TCP. Data Center TCP algorithm has newly been anticipated as a TCP option for data centers which address these limitations. It is worth noting that traditional TCP protocol.
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Rafiq, O., C. Chraïbi, and R. Castanet. "Experimental testing of transport protocol." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 16, no. 4 (August 15, 1986): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/15679.15681.

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Barakat, Chadi, Mohammad Malli, and Naomichi Nonaka. "TICP: Transport Information Collection Protocol." annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications 61, no. 1-2 (February 2006): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03219971.

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18

Paul, S., K. K. Sabnani, J. C. H. Lin, and S. Bhattacharyya. "Reliable multicast transport protocol (RMTP)." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 15, no. 3 (April 1997): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.564138.

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Nwankwo, Emmanuel, Michael David, and Elizabeth Nonye Onwuka. "Integration of MQTT-SN and CoAP protocol for enhanced data communications and resource management in WSNs." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 1613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i3.5158.

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Lightweight communication protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are unfolding for machine to machine (M2M) communications and thus there is always going to be a possible conflict of interest on which protocol is best suited for any particular application. The two protocols of interest in this study are the message queue telemetry transport protocol for sensor network (MQTT-SN), a variant of message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol and the constrained application protocol (CoAP). There have been studies that reveal that these protocols perform differently based on the underlying network conditions. CoAP experience lower delays than MQTT for higher packet loss and higher delays for lower packet loss. MQTT default communication via a broker is easier to scale compared to CoAP direct request-response paradigm. Although this is a huge advantage over CoAP, it presents the single point-of-failure problem. In this paper we propose an integration of MQTT-CoAP protocol using an abstraction layer that enables both MQTT-SN and CoAP protocol to be used in the same sensor node. Resources are managed by directly modifying sensor node configuration using CoAP protocol. Performance evaluation of these protocols under the integrated scenario shows acceptable levels of latency and energy consumption for internet of thing (IoT) operations.
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Oroo Oyondi Felix. "TCP/IP stack transport layer performance, privacy, and security issues." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 30, 2024): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.11.2.0098.

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Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the backbone of Internet transmission. The Transport Layer of the TCP/IP stack, which includes TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocols, plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable communication between devices over a network. To come up with measures that make networks more secure, it is important to learn about the vulnerabilities that exist in the transport TCP/IP stack and then have an understanding of the typical attacks carried out in such layer. This paper explores how the TCP Protocol works, the TCP/IP 3 Way Handshake, TCP Header Structure, the typical vulnerabilities and the classical attacks of transport layer TCP/IP, tools, and solutions adopted to prevent and reduce the chances of some of these attacks. The findings indicated that the major TCP/ IP stack transport layer threats include Finger printing, SYN Flood, TCP reassembly and sequencing, IP Spoofing, TCP session hijacking, RST and FIN denial of service attack, Ping of Death, Low Rate/ Shrew Attacks. Their preventive measures and mechanisms are discussed.
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Norton, Robert L., Edward A. Bartkus, Keith W. Neely, John A. Schriver, and Jerris R. Hedges. "Compliance with Closest Hospital Transport Protocol." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039571.

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AbstractHypothesis:Paramedics accurately estimate the closest trauma hospital for ground transport.Population:Ground ambulance scene transports of trauma system patients to six participating trauma hospitals in Multnomah County, Oregon from 1 January 1986 to 1 January 1987 were studied. Transports involving multiple patients or pediatric patients were excluded.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive patient transports to be taken to the closest trauma hospital as required by protocol. The availability of each hospital to receive trauma patients was monitored continuously by a central communications facility. Paramedics were provided hospital availability data at the time of patient system entry. When several hospitals were available, the paramedics were required by protocol to select the “closest” hospital. Subsequently, the vector distance from the trauma site to each of the available hospitals was measured using a grid map. This method was validated by odometer measurement (r2 = 0.924). Chisquare analysis was used to analyze hospital bypasses to specific hospitals.Results:Of the 1193 eligible patients entered into the trauma system, 160 (13%; 95% CI = 11–15%) transports bypassed the closest available hospital for a receiving hospital ≥1 mile more distant. There were 11 (1%; 0–2%) patients transported to a hospital more than five miles more distant. Of the 132 patients with a trauma score (TS) <12, 15 (11%; 6–18%) were taken to a hospital one mile or further beyond the closest hospital. None (0%; 0–2%) were transported more than five miles past the closest hospital. Of the six hospitals, three were bypassed more than one mile significantly more often then they received bypass patients. One hospital received such patients four times more than it was bypassed (p <.001).Conclusion:While paramedics generally can identify the closest hospital for trauma patient transport, some systematic hospital bypass errors occur. If a community wants assurance of an equitable patient distribution among participating trauma hospitals and assignment of the closest geographic hospital for injured patients, then map vector distance determination to identify the closest available hospital should supplement paramedic dispatching.
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Larmo, Anna, Antti Ratilainen, and Juha Saarinen. "Impact of CoAP and MQTT on NB-IoT System Performance." Sensors 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010007.

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The IoT protocols used for data transfer in the application layer, namely the Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) have dependencies to the transport layer. The choice of transport, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), on the other hand, has an impact on the Internet of Things (IoT) application level performance, especially over a wireless medium. Furthermore, we touch upon the impact of different security solutions. The motivation of this work is to look at the impact of the protocol stack on performance over a narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) link. The use case studied is infrequent small reports sent from the sensor device to a central cloud storage over a last mile radio access link. We find that while CoAP/UDP based transport performs consistently better both in terms of latency, coverage, and system capacity, MQTT/TCP also works when the system is less loaded.
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Let, G. Shine, G. Josemin Bala, and W. Magdalene. "Wireless transport protocol variants for cognitive radio networks." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v3i3.83.

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Scarce wireless resources, lead to development of cognitive radio network as a solution to unlicensed users communication in the licensed frequency band. In response to the behavior of licensed users communication, unlicensed users communication need to change from one frequency band to another band. In this communication paradigm, the performance of unlicensed users transmission control protocol gets degraded due to the features of cognitive radio network. To overcome this, several authors suggested quite a few modifications in the existing wireless transport protocol for cognitive radio network environment. This paper gives an overview of different transport protocols used for unlicensed users’ communication in cognitive radio networks.
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Let, G. Shine, G. Josemin Bala, and W. Magdalene. "Wireless Transport Protocol Variants for Cognitive Radio Networks." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/aptikom.j.csit.144.

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Scarce wireless resources, lead to development of cognitive radio network as a solution to unlicensed users communication in the licensed frequency band. In response to the behavior of licensed users communication, unlicensed users communication need to change from one frequency band to another band. In this communication paradigm, the performance of unlicensed users transmission control protocol gets degraded due to the features of cognitive radio network. To overcome this, several authors suggested quite a few modifications in the existing wireless transport protocol for cognitive radio network environment. This paper gives an overview of different transport protocols used for unlicensed users’ communication in cognitive radio networks
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Golański, Marcin, Radosław O. Schoeneich, Dawid Zgid, Marek Franciszkiewicz, and Michał Kucharski. "RBCP-WSN: The Reliable Biderectional Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0027.

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Abstract This paper presents the Reliable Bidirectional Control Protocol (RBCP) protocol, which is a transport protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), focused on managing sensors’ behaviour. It aims to be a utility for reliable control data transferring from source to destination unit in the network. Considering the related studies on transport protocols, which are mostly dedicated to a single-direction reliable data transport, RBCP is the answer for the lack of control mechanisms in WSNs based on bidirectional communication. The first part of this paper is focused on general presentation of the proposed solution. In the next part, evaluation of the idea and final functionality are discussed. It will finally show the results of undergone testing stage.
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Ridgewell, Justin, and Hala ElAarag. "Network-coded internet-friendly transport protocol." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748301817693847.

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This paper presents the design of network-coded TCP (NCTCP). NCTCP is a reliable TCP-like transport protocol that uses network coding to dramatically improve the overall performance in networks with lossy links. By sending datagrams that represent a linear combination of packets, we are able to receive data in an orderless fashion and still push data in byte-correct order to the receiver.s application layer. To eliminate roundoff errors, we generate consecutive-ones linear combinations of packets that form totally unimodular matrices. We then decode these datagrams using an efficient technique. In addition, NCTCP has an additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion control mechanism that uses round-trip times to increase the performance on wireless networks without hurting the performance on wired networks. Unlike TCP.s AIMD mechanism, NCTCP does not use a congestion window. Furthermore, NCTCP can be implemented in user space and hence does not need any changes to the kernel. We test our protocol using ns-2 simulator using several performance measurements, namely, throughput, goodput, efficiency and receiver efficiency. Our simulations show that NCTCP performs better than standard TCP implementations and previously proposed network coding protocols; TCP/NC and CTCP. We also demonstrate that NCTCP is TCP-friendly and maintains the fairness property essential for the health of the internet.
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Briones, Alan, Adrià Mallorquí, Agustín Zaballos, and Ramon Martin de Pozuelo. "Wireless Loss Detection over Fairly Shared Heterogeneous Long Fat Networks." Electronics 10, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10090987.

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The quality of inter-network communication is often detrimentally affected by the large deployment of heterogeneous networks, including Long Fat Networks, as a result of wireless media introduction. Legacy transport protocols assume an independent wired connection to the network. When a loss occurs, the protocol considers it as a congestion loss, decreasing its throughput in order to reduce the network congestion without evaluating a possible channel failure. Distinct wireless transport protocols and their reference metrics are analyzed in order to design a mechanism that improves the Aggressive and Adaptative Transport Protocol (AATP) performance over Heterogeneous Long Fat Networks (HLFNs). In this paper, we present the Enhanced-AATP, which introduces the designed Loss Threshold Decision maker mechanism for the detection of different types of losses in the AATP operation. The degree to which the protocol can maintain throughput levels during channel losses or decrease production while congestion losses occur depends on the evolution of the smooth Jitter Ratio metric value. Moreover, the defined Weighted Fairness index enables the modification of protocol behavior and hence the prioritized fair use of the node’s resources. Different experiments are simulated over a network simulator to demonstrate the operation and performance improvement of the Enhanced-AATP. To conclude, the Enhanced-AATP performance is compared with other modern protocols.
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Ridha H. Abass, Abdul, Azizol Abdullah, Mohamed Othman, and Zurina Mohd Hanapi. "Taxonomy and Survey of Retransmission Policies for Multipath Transport SCTP Protocol." International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 3, no. 4 (2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijfcc.2014.v3.303.

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Bin, Zhu Ge, Yu Cheng, and Wei Ming Wang. "Implementation and Analysis of TML Based on Different Transport Protocols." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.997.

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The messages in the Fp reference point of ForCES protocol can be divided into two kinds: control messages and redirect messages. According to this division, the control message channel was used to transmit control messages and the redirect message channel was used to transmit redirect messages. In this paper, we use different transport protocols to transmit control messages and redirect messages. Then test and analyze the TML based on different transport protocol to verify the correctness of the designs.
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Giuliano, Romeo, Alessandro Vizzarri, Antonino Calderone, and Franco Mazzenga. "Communication Transport Protocol Strategies for Rail Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063013.

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Current technologies for managing rail traffic such as the Global System for Mobile communications for Railway (GSM-R) will be no longer be available within the upcoming years. The European Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (S2R-JU) proposed the Adaptable Communication System (ACS) to overcome this problem. In this work, we model the ACS by abstracting it at the Internet Protocol (IP) level, using tunnels for datagrams’ transmission as a communication bearer is available along the rail. Then, to evaluate its performance, an ACS emulator has been implemented. The core part of it is a Tunnel Manager which can establish pseudo-virtual circuits through multi-bearer tunnels, forcing datagrams on a service-basis to follow specific paths between gateways (i.e., from on-board to a train to the network-side rail control center and vice versa). The Tunnel Manager can properly select a given tunnel/bearer for sending messages (and duplicating them on redundant paths) of critical rail applications for train traffic management, relying on tunnels based on either connection-oriented protocol (i.e., the Transport Control Protocol, TCP), connectionless protocol (i.e., the User Datagram Protocol, UDP) or a mix of them. In this paper, we investigate the best solutions in terms of transport protocols for implementing tunnels through the bearers. Results are based on two main use cases: i. the position report/movement authority messages for the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERMTS) and ii. the critical file transmission, considering either TCP or UDP as tunnel transport protocol. For the first rail application, one UDP bearer can be selected only if the end-to-end channel delay is lower than 100 ms and the experienced packet loss is lower than 4% in the whole crossed network. Two UDP bearers, one TCP bearer or two mixed UDP/TCP bearers should be selected in case the channel delay is greater than 300 ms and the experienced packet loss is greater than 15%. Considering the critical file transfer in the rail scenario, TCP should be selected with two bearers to have a throughput greater than 50 Mbit/s even for a packet loss of 1%.
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La Porta, T. F., and M. Schwartz. "The MultiStream protocol: a highly flexible high-speed transport protocol." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 11, no. 4 (May 1993): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.221199.

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Kupas, Douglas F., David J. Dula, and Bruno J. Pino. "Patient Outcome Using Medical Protocol to Limit “Lights and Siren” Transport." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 9, no. 4 (December 1994): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041443.

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AbstractIntroduction:Emergency medical services vehicle collisions (EMVCs) associated with the use of warning “lights and siren” (L&S) are responsible for injuries and death to emergency medical services (EMS) personnel and patients. This study examines patient outcome when medical protocol directs L&S transport.Design:During four months, all EMS calls initiated as an emergency request for service and culminating in transport to an emergency department (ED) were included. Medical criteria determined emergent (L&S) versus non-emergent transport. Patients with worsened conditions, as reported by EMS providers, were reviewed.Setting:Countywide suburban/rural EMS system.Results:Ninety-two percent (1,495 of 1,625) of patients were transported non-emergently. Thirteen (1%) of these were reported to have worsened during transport, and none of them suffered any worsened outcome related to the non-L&S transport.Conclusion:This medical protocol directing the use of warning L&S during patient transport results in infrequent L&S transport. In this study, no adverse outcomes were found related to non-L&S transports.
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Kanellopoulos, Dimitris N., and Ali H. Wheeb. "Simulated Performance of TFRC, DCCP, SCTP, and UDP Protocols Over Wired Networks." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020100107.

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Multimedia applications impose different QoS requirements (e.g., bounded end-to-end delay and jitter) and need an enhanced transport layer protocol that should handle packet loss, minimize errors, manage network congestion, and transmit efficiently. Across an IP network, the transport layer protocol provides data transmission and affects the QoS provided to the application on hand. The most common transport layer protocols used by Internet applications are TCP and UDP. There are also advanced transport layer protocols such as DCCP and TFRC. The authors evaluated the performance of UDP, DCCP, SCTP, and TFRC over wired networks for three traffic flows: data transmission, video streaming, and voice over IP. The evaluation criteria were throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio. They compared their performance to learn in which traffic flow/service each of these protocols functions better than the others. The throughput of SCTP and TFRC is better than UDP. DCCP is superior to SCTP and TFRC in terms of end-to-end delay. SCTP is suitable for Internet applications that require high bandwidth.
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Weir, William B., Ashley E. Mitek, Michael Smith, Danielle Schneider, and Maureen A. McMichael. "The Carle-Illinois (Urbana, Illinois USA) Transport Protocol for LEK9s: Guidelines for Emergency Medical Service Providers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 04 (June 27, 2019): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1900445x.

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AbstractThree states and one county now allow Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers to transport injured law enforcement K9s (LEK9s) as long as no human needs the ambulance at the time. Several other states either have pending legislation or are in discussions about this topic. As additional states ponder these laws, it is likely that the EMS transport of LEK9s will become legal in many states. In the wake of this legislation, a significant void was created. Currently, there are no published protocols for the safe transport of LEK9s by EMS providers. Additionally, the transport destination for these LEK9s is unlikely to be programmed into vehicle Global Positioning Systems. The authors of this report convened a Joint Task Force on Working Dog Care, consisting of veterinarians, EMS directors, EMS physicians, and LEK9 handlers, who met to develop a protocol for LEK9s being transported to a veterinary facility. The protocol covers the logistics of getting the LEK9 into the ambulance (eg, when the handler is or is not available), appropriate restraint, and the importance of prior arrangements with a veterinary emergency facility. A LEK9 hand-off form and a Transport Policy Form are provided, downloadable, and customizable for each EMS provider. This protocol provides essential information on safety and transport logistics for injured LEK9s. The hope is that this protocol will assist EMS providers to streamline the transport of an injured LEK9 to an appropriate veterinary facility.
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Zhang, Hao, Hongshuo Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhenyu Zhou, Qiang Wang, Guangyuan Xu, Junzhong Yang, and Zhong Gan. "Delay-reliability-aware protocol adaption and quality of service guarantee for message queuing telemetry transport-empowered electric Internet of things." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 5 (May 2022): 155013292210978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221097815.

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Message queuing telemetry transport has emerged as a promising communication protocol for resource-constrained electric Internet of things due to high bandwidth utilization, simple implementation, and various quality of service levels. Enabled by message queuing telemetry transport, electric Internet of things gateways adopt dynamic protocol adaptation, conversion, and quality of service level selection to realize bidirectional communication with massive devices and platforms based on heterogeneous communication protocols. However, protocol adaptation and quality of service guarantee in message queuing telemetry transport-empowered electric Internet of things still faces several challenges, such as unified communication architecture, differentiated quality of service requirements, lack of quality of service metric models, and incomplete information. In this paper, we first establish a unified communication architecture for message queuing telemetry transport-empowered electric Internet of things for adaptation and conversion of heterogeneous protocols. Second, we formulate the quality of service level selection optimization problem to minimize the weighted sum of packet-loss ratio and delay. Then, a delay-reliability-aware message queuing telemetry transport quality of service level selection algorithm based on upper confidence bound is proposed to learn the optimal quality of service level through dynamically interacting with the environment. Compared with single and fixed quality of service level selection strategies, delay-reliability-aware message queuing telemetry transport quality of service level selection can effectively reduce the weighted sum of delay and packet-loss ratio and satisfy the differentiated quality of service requirements of electric Internet of things.
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Sharif, Atif, Vidyasagar M. Potdar, and A. J. D. Rathnayaka. "Dependency of Transport Functions on IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 MAC/PHY Layer Protocols for WSN." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070101.

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In WSN transport, layer protocol plays a significant role in maintaining the node’s energy budget. To find out the dependency of Transport layer on MAC/PHY layer, the authors have extensively tested various transport protocols using IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY protocols for WSN. For IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4 with RTS/CTS ON the TCP variants has shown >80% packet delivery ratio and 5-20% packet loss, while for UDP it is around >63% and 19.54-35.18% respectively. On average 1-3% additional energy is consumed for packet retransmissions in IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS OFF whereas significant energy efficiency is observed in IEEE802.15.4 case. For IEEE 802.11 with RTS/CTS ON high throughput, low packet drop rate and increased E-2-E delay is observed, while for IEEE 802.15.4 improved power efficiency and jitter behavior is observed. This has led the foundation for the future development of the cross-layered energy efficient transport protocol for WSN.
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Nampally, Venkatamangarao, and M. Raghavender Sharma. "Reliable and Efficient Routing Mechanisms for Vehicular ad-hoc Network." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.2.1879.

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In order to provide stable connections among nodes, a routing protocol is necessary in VANET system. Dynamic topology and frequent disconnection makes difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET to route information among nodes. The survey of routing protocols in VANET system helps in understanding the concepts of smart intelligent transport system (ITS). It is observed that carry-and-forward is the key consideration and main function of an efficient routing protocol in VANET system. This paper explains various routing protocols for VANET system.
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Kurniawan, I. Kadek Yogi, I. Gede Andika, I. Gede Made Yudi Antara, I. Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya, and Anak Agung Gde Ekayana. "Analisis Quality of Service Protokol MQTT, HTTP, dan CoAP dalam Pengiriman Data ke Thingsboard." INFORMAL: Informatics Journal 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/isj.v9i1.43986.

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The Internet of Things allows a sensor node to collect data from a place and send it to the Internet of Things platform. In its application, the Internet of Things has several protocols for sending data such as Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP), and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). These three protocols have their own characteristics and differences. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the performance of these three protocols. This research focuses on analyzing the comparison of the Quality of Service of these three protocols in terms of packet loss, delay, and jitter parameters with the object used is sending temperature data to Thingsboard. The result shows that MQTT excels in sending data with short time intervals and CoAP excels in sending data with long time intervals.
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AdeebAbdulJabbar, Mohammed, Ali Makki Sagheer, and Ayoob Abdulmonem Abdulhameed. "Transport Layer Security Protocol for Intranet." International Journal of Computer Applications 81, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13976-1971.

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40

Bridges, Patrick G., Gary T. Wong, Matti Hiltunen, Richard D. Schlichting, and Matthew J. Barrick. "A Configurable and Extensible Transport Protocol." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 15, no. 6 (December 2007): 1254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2007.906245.

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41

Kushwah, Deepika Singh, Mahesh Kumar, and Lal Pratap Verma. "Analyzing Reliable Transport Layer Protocol Performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1714 (January 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1714/1/012040.

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42

Jain, N., M. Schawrtz, and T. Bashkow. "Transport protocol processing at GBPS rates." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 20, no. 4 (August 1990): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/99517.99551.

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43

Chan, Toong Shoon, and Ian Gorton. "HTPNET: a high performance transport protocol." Computer Communications 18, no. 9 (September 1995): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(95)99818-w.

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44

Clark, D. D., M. L. Lambert, and L. Zhang. "NETBLT: a high throughput transport protocol." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 17, no. 5 (October 1987): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/55483.55520.

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45

Wirz, R., R. Marin, M. Ferre, J. Barrio, J. M. Claver, and J. Ortego. "Bidirectional Transport Protocol for Teleoperated Robots." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 9 (September 2009): 3772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2025291.

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46

Wang, Xin, Yantai Shu, Ying Chai, and Yang Kang. "Extended mobile-host-centric transport protocol." Transactions of Tianjin University 16, no. 6 (November 17, 2010): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-010-1430-2.

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47

Feshchenko, Zakharii-Andrii, and Iryna Yurchak. "Improving the efficiency of SCTP network software." Computer systems and network 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2022): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2022.01.147.

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The work presents a software system for demonstrating the operation of the SCTP transport protocol in comparison with its better-known analogues – TCP and UDP. To reproduce the operation of the chosen protocol, a socket API was created that describes the operation of SCTP, based on RFC 6458. It also describes the transport protocols that are similar to the protocol that was chosen to improve performance, namely TCP and UDP, their strengths and weaknesses, and what has been improved in SCTP. A test software model is described, which is divided into a client part and a server part, which was created to demonstrate the operation of the SCTP transport protocol. The client part consists in sending a message to the server, which will read this message and reset it. The ability to send using the SCTP protocol directly, or UDP encapsulation, thus encapsulating the SCTP packet into a UDP datagram, has been developed. The efficiency and expediency of using the software model are shown and alternative software models designed to implement the SCTP protocol are considered. The means used to implement this decision are justified as well as the platforms and operating systems on which this solution can be reproduced, other than Windows.
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48

Vladimirov, S., and A. Fomin. "The concept of multicast protocol based on network coding." Telecom IT 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2021-9-1-26-36.

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Research subject. The paper presents the concept of a multicast session protocol based on the net-work coding method. Method. Development of a data transfer protocol based on the analysis of existing principles and models of network coding. Core results. The proposed NCDP multicast protocol is de-signed to work over a datagram transport protocol. The basic structure of the NCDP packet header has been developed, taking into account the variability of the protocols used in conjunction with NCDP. Prac-tical relevance. The proposed protocol is intended for use in content delivery systems based on mul-ticast data transmission from several sources.
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Zheng, Kai. "Enabling “Protocol Routing”: Revisiting Transport Layer Protocol Design in Internet Communications." IEEE Internet Computing 21, no. 6 (November 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2017.4180845.

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Lochin, Emmanuel, Guillaume Jourjon, Sebastien Ardon, and Patrick Senac. "Promoting the use of reliable rate-based transport protocols: the Chameleon protocol." International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology 5, no. 4 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijipt.2010.039229.

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