Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transport Process and Kinetics

Academic literature on the topic 'Transport Process and Kinetics'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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Aydiner, C., M. Kobya, and I. Koyuncu. "Coupled transport of cyanide ions through liquid membranes." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2000): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0624.

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In this study, the transport kinetics of coupled transport of cyanide ions through liquid membrane (trichloromethane) containing tetraoctylammonium chloride as a carrier was examined at different temperatures. The kinetics of cyanide transport could be analyzed in the formalism of two consecutive irreversible first order reactions. The influence of the temperature on the kinetic parameters (k1d, k2m, k2a, Rmmax, tmax, Jdmax, Jamax) has been established. For maximum membrane entrance and exit fluxes, Jdmax and Jamax, the activation energies were found from the slopes of the two linear relationships: 9.02 kcal/mol and 11.20 kcal/mol, respectively. The values of the found activation energy indicate that in the first step the transport process of cyanide ions through liquid membrane is difussional controlled, whereas in the second step it is most probably controlled by species diffusion and the rate of the reversible chemical reaction.
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Albasri, Sawsan Abd Muslim Mohammed, and Husna Salim Wahab. "Removal of Acetaminophen Residues from Wastewater by Bulk Liquid Membrane Process." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2020.4.1.

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The removal of Anit-Inflammatory drugs, namely; Acetaminophen (ACTP), from wastewater by bulk liquid membrane (BLM) process using Aliquat 336 (QCl) as a carrier was investigated. The effects of several parameters on the extraction efficiency were studied in this research, such as the initial feed phase concentration (10-50) ppm of ACTP, stripping phase (NaCl) concentration (0.3,0.5,0.7 M), temperature (30-50oC), the volume ratio of feed phase to membrane phase (200-400ml/80ml), agitation speed of the feed phase (75-125 rpm), membrane stirring speed (0, 100, 150 rpm), carrier concentration (1, 5, 9 wt%), the pH of feed (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), and solvent type (CCl4 and n-Heptane). The study shows that high extraction efficiency for ACTP of about 97% was achieved by a bulk liquid membrane at 50 ppm initial concentration of feed; stirring speed of feed phase 130 rpm; stirring speed of membrane phase 100rpm; 0.5 M NaCl concentration; carrier concentration 1wt%; volume ratio of 200ml feed:80ml membrane; feed pH of ACTP is 6, and 50˚C. The transport kinetics was evaluated using a kinetic model with two consecutive first-order irreversible reactions. The kinetics of (ACTP) transport by bulk liquid membrane was investigated at the best experimental conditions. The activation energy values of the extraction and stripping processes were 1.733 and 1.826 kJ.mol−1. The activation energy confirms that the transport process from solutions is controlled by diffusion.
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Nikolic, Natasa, M. V. Nikolic, S. M. Radic-Ristic, and Momcilo Ristic. "Sintering as a process of transport of activated volume." Science of Sintering 34, no. 1 (2002): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0201053n.

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Starting with the fact that sintering is the consequence of the process of transport of activated volume, it has been shown how the kinetics of the sintering process can be defined. The activated volume was in principle defined as a parameter which describes a system?s deffectivity on an atomic level.
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Van Vaerenbergh, S., and J. C. Legros. "Kinetics of the Soret effect: Transient in the transport process." Physical Review A 41, no. 12 (June 1, 1990): 6727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.41.6727.

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Riechers, Birte, Florine Maes, Elias Akoury, Benoît Semin, Philipp Gruner, and Jean-Christophe Baret. "Surfactant adsorption kinetics in microfluidics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 41 (September 29, 2016): 11465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604307113.

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Emulsions are metastable dispersions. Their lifetimes are directly related to the dynamics of surfactants. We design a microfluidic method to measure the kinetics of adsorption of surfactants to the droplet interface, a key process involved in foaming, emulsification, and droplet coarsening. The method is based on the pH decay in the droplet as a direct measurement of the adsorption of a carboxylic acid surfactant to the interface. From the kinetic measurement of the bulk equilibration of the pH, we fully determine the adsorption process of the surfactant. The small droplet size and the convection during the droplet flow ensure that the transport of surfactant through the bulk is not limiting the kinetics of adsorption. To validate our measurements, we show that the adsorption process determines the timescale required to stabilize droplets against coalescence, and we show that the interface should be covered at more than 90% to prevent coalescence. We therefore quantitatively link the process of adsorption/desorption, the stabilization of emulsions, and the kinetics of solute partitioning—here through ion exchange—unraveling the timescales governing these processes. Our method can be further generalized to other surfactants, including nonionic surfactants, by making use of fluorophore–surfactant interactions.
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Seleznev, E., V. Bereznev, and I. Chernova. "PARTIAL NEUTRON TRANSPORT EQUATIONS." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-3-143-152.

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To analyze the spatial kinetics of the reactor, a system of equations for the spatial kinetics of the reactor, consisting of two equations, is usually used. One of them describes the behavior of the neutron flux density, and the second describes the behavior of the precursors of delayed neutrons. In this case, the density of the neutron flux includes the flux density prompt neutrons, appearing directly upon fission of the nucleus, and delayed neutrons that appear in the decay of some fission fragments. This system of equations is called classical. This paper considers the possibility of representing the neutron flux density in a nonstationary process by individual equations for prompt and delayed neutrons and presents the initial results of modeling the nonstationary process for dumping a control rod in a fast medium-power reactor. A system of equations describing such a behavior of the neutron field in a reactor is called a system of partial equations.
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Nikolic, M. V., Nebojsa Labus, and Momcilo Ristic. "A phenomenological analysis of sintering kinetics from the viewpoint of activated volume." Science of Sintering 37, no. 1 (2005): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0501019n.

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The sintering kinetics of real systems has been viewed as a process of transport of activated volume. Activated volume is a parameter that can be used to describe mass transport during the sintering process. It defines the movement of point defects and dislocations during the sintering process. A phenomenological equation has been defined using this parameter, which can be applied to analyze kinetics of the sintering process. It has been applied to analyze the sintering process of several disperse systems. Values obtained for parameters of the equation have also been analyzed.
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Westholm, Daniel E., David R. Salo, Kevin J. Viken, Jon N. Rumbley, and Grant W. Anderson. "The Blood-Brain Barrier Thyroxine Transporter Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1c1 Displays Atypical Transport Kinetics." Endocrinology 150, no. 11 (October 9, 2009): 5153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0769.

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Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) 1c1 is a high-affinity T4 transporter expressed in brain barrier cells. Oatp1c1 transports a variety of additional ligands including the conjugated sterol estradiol 17β-glucuronide (E217βG). Intriguingly, published data suggest that E217βG inhibition of Oatp1c1-mediated T4 transport exhibits characteristics suggestive of atypical transport kinetics. To determine whether Oatp1c1 exhibits atypical transport kinetics, we first performed detailed T4 and E217βG uptake assays using Oatp1c1 stably transfected HEK293 cells and a wide range of T4 and E217βG concentrations (100 pm to 300 nm and 27 nm to 200 μm, respectively). Eadie-Hofstee plots derived from these detailed T4 and E217βG uptake experiments display a biphasic profile consistent with atypical transport kinetics. These data along with T4 and E217βG cis-inhibition dose-response measurements revealed shared high- and low-affinity Oatp1c1 binding sites for T4 and E217βG. T4 and E217βG recognized these Oatp1c1 binding sites with opposite preferences. In addition, sterols glucuronidated in the 17 or 21 position, exhibited preferential substrate-dependent inhibition of Oatp1c1 transport, inhibiting Oatp1c1-mediated E217βG transport more strongly than T4 transport. Together these data reveal that Oatp1c1-dependent substrate transport is a complex process involving substrate interaction with multiple binding sites and competition for binding with a variety of other substrates. A thorough understanding of atypical Oatp1c1 transport processes and substrate-dependent inhibition will allow better prediction of endo- and xenobiotic interactions with the Oatp transporter.
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Jange, Camila G., Carl R. Wassgren, and Kingsly Ambrose. "The Significance of Tablet Internal Structure on Disintegration and Dissolution of Immediate-Release Formulas: A Review." Powders 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders2010008.

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The internal microstructure of a tablet, such as pore geometry, formulation properties, and compact strength, impacts the tablet’s disintegration kinetics. Ideally, one could design the microstructure to control dissolution onset and therapeutical performance of immediate-release formulas; however, manufacturing tablets with a desired microstructure can be challenging due to the interplay between formulation and process parameters. Direct quantification of tablet microstructure can provide a framework for optimizing composition and process parameters based on a Quality-by-Design approach. This article reviews the importance of tablet microstructure design and liquid transport kinetics to help optimize the release and dissolution profiles of immediate-release products. Additionally, the formulation and process parameters influencing the tablet microstructure and liquid transport kinetics are discussed.
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Serban, Ecaterina Anca, Ioana Diaconu, Elena Ruse, Georgiana Ileana Badea, Adriana Cuciureanu, and Gheorghe Nechifor. "Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters at the Transport of Indole-3-acetic Acid Through Bulk Liquid Membranes." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5577.

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Indole-3-acetic acid is a growth phytohormone considered the most important representative of auxin class. This paper presents the assessment of some kinetic parameters in the process of transport of indole-3-acetic acid taking into consideration the kinetic model of consecutive irreversible first order reactions. It was pursued the influence upon the process of parameters such as: feed phase concentration, stripping phase concentration in the presence of two type carriers: tributyl phosphate (TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Depending on these transport parameters were calculated kinetics parameters such as: pseudo-first-order apparent membrane entrance and exit rate constants, the maximum flux at the entrance and exit out of the membrane. The highest values of the transport flux is obtained in the presence of carrier trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) at the concentration in the feed phase of 10-4 mol/L indole-3-acetic acid and a concentration of 10--2mol/L NaOH in the stripping phase.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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Visuri, V. V. (Ville-Valtteri). "Mathematical modelling of chemical kinetics and rate phenomena in the AOD Process." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216713.

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Abstract Argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) is the most common unit process for refining stainless steel. The AOD process consists of multiple stages, in which the rate of processing is determined by complex reaction mechanisms. The main objective of this work was to study the chemical rate phenomena in selected process stages. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was conducted to clarify the main assumptions of the existing reaction models. Based on the literature review, a new categorisation of the models was proposed. In addition, a literature review was conducted to identify the main phenomena that affect the reaction kinetics in the AOD process. In this work, based on the law of mass action, a novel kinetic approach and its application for modelling of parallel mass transfer controlled reactions were studied. The developed approach enables the simultaneous solution of the chemical equilibrium and mass transfer rate which controls it. A simplified reaction model was employed for studying the effect of mass transfer rates and residual affinity on the constrained equilibrium at the reaction interface. An earlier-proposed AOD model was extended with two phenomenon-based sub-models. The top-blowing model is based on the assumption that reactions take place simultaneously at the surface of the cavity formed by the momentum of the gas jet and on the surface of the metal droplets caused by the shear force of the gas jet. The reduction model describes the reactions during the reduction stage of the AOD process by assuming that all reactions take place between the metal bath and emulsified slag droplets. The results obtained with the models were in good agreement with the measurement data collected from a steel plant. Owing to their phenomenon-based structure, the developed models are well-suited for the analysis of both existing and new production practices
Tiivistelmä Argon-happimellotus (AOD) on yleisin ruostumattoman teräksen valmistamiseen käytettävä yksikköprosessi. AOD-prosessi koostuu useista vaiheista, joissa prosessointinopeutta määrittävät monimutkaiset reaktiomekanismit. Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli tutkia kemiallisia nopeusilmiöitä valituissa prosessivaiheissa. Tähän liittyen tehtiin kattava kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka tavoitteena oli tunnistaa olemassa olevien reaktiomallien pääoletukset. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen pohjalta esitettiin uusi mallien kategorisointi. Lisäksi tehtiin kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka tavoitteena oli tunnistaa tärkeimmät reaktiokinetiikkaan vaikuttavat ilmiöt AOD-prosessissa. Tässä työssä tutkittiin uudenlaista massavaikutuksen lakiin perustuvaa lähestymistapaa sekä sen soveltamista rinnakkaisten aineensiirron rajoittamien reaktioiden mallinnukseen. Kehitetty lähestymistapa mahdollistaa kemiallisen tasapainotilan sekä sitä rajoittavan aineensiirron samanaikaisen ratkaisun. Aineensiirtonopeuksien ja jäännösaffiniteetin vaikutusta reaktiopinnalla vallitsevaan rajoitettuun tasapainotilaan tutkittiin käyttämällä yksinkertaistettua reaktiomallia. Aiemmin kehitettyä AOD-mallia laajennettiin kahdella ilmiöpohjaisella alimallilla. Lanssipuhallusmalli perustuu oletukseen, että reaktiot tapahtuvat samanaikaisesti kaasusuihkun liikemäärän muodostaman tunkeuman ja kaasusuihkun leikkausvoiman aiheuttamien metallipisaroiden pinnalla. Pelkistysmalli kuvaa AOD-prosessin pelkistysvaiheen aikana tapahtuvia reaktioita olettaen, että kaikki reaktiot tapahtuvat terässulan ja emulgoituneiden kuonapisaroiden välillä. Malleilla saadut tulokset vastasivat hyvin terästehtaalta kerättyä mittausaineistoa. Ilmiöpohjaisen rakenteensa ansiosta kehitetyt mallit soveltuvat hyvin sekä olemassa olevien että uusien tuotantopraktiikoiden analysoimiseen
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Lim, Chin Wai. "Numerical Modelling of Transient and Droplet Transport for Pulsed Pressure - Chemical Vapour Deposition (PP-CVD) Process." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6829.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop an easy-to-use and computationally economical numerical tool to investigate the flow field in the Pulsed Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (PP-CVD) reactor. The PP-CVD process is a novel thin film deposition technique with some advantages over traditional CVD methods. The numerical modelling of the PP-CVD flow field is carried out using the Quiet Direct Simulation (QDS) method, which is a flux-based kinetic-theory approach. Two approaches are considered for the flux reconstruction, which are the true directional manner and the directional splitting method. Both the true directional and the directional decoupled QDS codes are validated against various numerical methods which include EFM, direct simulation, Riemann solver and the Godunov method. Both two dimensional and axisymmetric test problems are considered. Simulations are conducted to investigate the PP-CVD reactor flow field at 1 Pa and 1 kPa reactor base pressures. A droplet flash evaporation model is presented to model the evaporation and transport of the liquid droplets injected. The solution of the droplet flash evaporation model is used as the inlet conditions for the QDS gas phase solver. The droplet model is found to be able to provide pressure rise in the reactor at the predicted rate. A series of parametric studies are conducted for the PP-CVD process. The numerical study confirms the hypothesis that the flow field uniformity is insensitive to the reactor geometry. However, a sufficient distance from the injection inlet is required to allow the injected precursor solution to diffuse uniformly before reaching the substrate. It is also recommended that placement of the substrate at the reactor’s centre axis should be avoided.
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Xu, Shulan. "Effect of Uncertainty of Rock Properties on Radionuclide Transport by Groundwater : Implications for Performance Assessments of the Repository of Spent Nuclear Fuel in Heterogeneous Bedrock." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-544.

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The overall objective of the current study is to develop a quantitative understanding of the effects of spatial variability in physical and geochemical properties of crystalline rock on the migration of radionuclides along a single fracture in bedrock. A stochastic model was developed to describe the transport of solutes in fractured rock. The model describes the migration of radionuclides along a one-dimensional path and includes the transversal diffusion into the rock matrix and sorption kinetics. By using a Lagrangian method of description we can extend the model to the description of a two-dimensional transport problem in single fractures.

This study presents the first analysis of the impact of heterogeneous mass transfer on the transport of radionuclides in rock fractures, where most of the relevant rock properties such as aperture, porosity, effective diffusivity, sorption capacity and maximum diffusion depth are defined as being spatially random. The stochastic analysis performed here reflects the uncertainty in our knowledge of the properties associated with a discrete sampling technique in site investigations.

Geostatistics of the main parameters was determined experimentally on a large number of rock samples taken from the Swedish crystalline basement. The knowledge of the covariance functions of the main rock properties is then used as a basis for a stochastic analysis. By combining the small perturbation approach with the spectral method the problem could be solved in terms of closed form solutions for the central temporal moments of the residence time probability density function.

In order to be able to distinguish between the effects of various mechanisms from the effects of heterogeneity on the migration of radionuclides, it was necessary to perform independent studies of the effect of the variation of the dispersion coefficient on the aspect ratio of a rectangular flow section and the effect of adsorption kinetics on the migration.

Finally, the effect of the heterogeneous rock properties on the solute transport observed in a limited number of migration experiments corresponds fairly well to the theoretical effect expected on the basis of the experimentally determined auto-covariance functions.

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Miomandre, Fabien. "Étude de processus électrochimiques non réversibles par une méthode à base d'opérateurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10163.

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Ce travail presente une approche nouvelle des processus electrochimiques non reversibles, reposant sur l'utilisation d'operateurs. Cette approche permet notamment de separer les contributions thermodynamique et cinetique dans la reponse du systeme a une sollicitation donnee, d'ou son interet dans l'analyse des phenomenes d'hysteresis. L'objectif est en fait de proposer une demarche alternative qui dispense de recourir a des modeles connus (fick, nernst, butler-volmer,), souvent inadequats pour l'etude de systemes electrochimiques complexes. Le principe de la methodologie consiste a representer chacune des etapes de la reaction electrochimique (transfert de charge, transferts de matiere) par un operateur. Celui-ci pouvant etre determine directement a partir des donnees experimentales, il n'est plus necessaire de postuler un modele theorique pour decrire le mecanisme de la reaction etudiee. De plus, le traitement propose est valable pour tout type de transfert obeissant a des equations lineaires. La validation experimentale de cette approche a ete realisee dans des conditions de complexite croissante: tout d'abord, dans le cas d'un couple redox a transfert de charge reversible (n-methyl phenothiazine), on a montre que l'on pouvait caracteriser le transfert de matiere et s'en servir pour prevoir la reponse du systeme a une perturbation quelconque. Puis, pour un couple redox a transfert de charge non reversible (ferro-ferricyanure), on a pu quantifier l'influence de la cinetique dans la reponse du systeme, en definissant des composantes a l'equilibre et hors equilibre experimentalement mesurables. Enfin, lorsque se superposent les effets d'un transfert de charge non reversible et de transferts de matiere mal definis (cas du polypyrrole), l'application de la methodologie a conduit a des informations originales concernant le comportement electrochimique d'un film de polymere conducteur depose sur une electrode
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Ince, Ceren. "Water transport kinetics in mortar-masonry systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509745.

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Venugopal, Vinithra. "Kinetics of Ion Transport in Conducting Polymers." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1458229667.

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Leyva-Ramos, Roberto, Nahum A. Medellín-Castillo, Jovita Mendoza-Barron, Laura Fuentes-Rubio, Rosa M. Guerrero-Coronado, and Raul Ocampo-Perez. "Kinetics of fluoride adsorption onto bone char." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191067.

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Musabyimana, Martin. "Deammonification Process Kinetics and Inhibition Evaluation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29364.

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A number of innovative nitrogen removal technologies have been developed to address the treatment challenges caused by stringent regulations and increasing chemical and energy cost. A major contributing factor to these challenges is the liquid stream originating from the process of dewatering anaerobically digested solids. This liquid, also knows as centrate, reject water or sludge liquor, can cause an increase of up to 25% in ammonia loading. The recently discovered anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is a major breakthrough for treatment of these streams as it has the potential to remove up to 85% of nitrogen load without external carbon source addition. The anammox process is combined with another process that oxidizes half of the ammonia to nitrite (nitritation) in a separate reactor such as in the SHARON process, or in the same reactor such as in the DEaMmONification (DEMON) process. Despite intensive laboratory research for the last 10 years to fully understand these processes, there is still a high level of skepticism surrounding the implementation of full-scale systems. The reason for this skepticism could be due to frequent failures observed in the lab scale systems as well as reported slow bacterial growth. We think that this technology might be used more effectively in the future if process kinetics, inhibition and toxicity can be better understood. This work focused on the DEMON process with a goal to understand the kinetics and inhibition of the system as a whole and the anammox process in particular. A DEMON pilot study was undertaken at the Alexandria Sanitation Authority (ASA) and had several study participants, including ASA, the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA), CH2M Hill Inc., Envirosim Ltd, the University of Innsbruck and Virginia Tech. We investigated the growth rate of anammox bacteria within a quasi-optimal environment. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess anaerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by nitrite as well as aerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by compounds present in the DEMON reactor feed, such as a defoaming agent, a sludge conditioning polymer, and residual iron from phosphorus removal practices. The study revealed that the DEMON process can be efficiently controlled to limit nitrite accumulation capable of causing process inhibition. The target ammonium loading rate of 0.5 kg/m3/d was reached, and no upset was noticed for a loading up to 0.80 kg/m3/d with an HRT of 1.7 days. The ammonia removal efficiency reached an average of 76% while total nitrogen removal efficiency had an average of 52%. Most of the process upsets were caused by aerobic ammonia oxidation failure rather than anammox inhibition. Failure in ammonia oxidation affected pH control, a variable which is at the center of the DEMON process control logic. The pilot study is summarized in Chapter 3 of this Dissertation. The low anammox maximum specific growth rate (µmax,An) as well as nitrite inhibition are historically reported to be the major process challenges according to the literature, but the degree to which each contributes to process problems differs widely in the literature. In this study, we estimated µmax,An by using the high F:M protocol commonly used for nitrifying populations. We also studied the effect of both short term and sustained nitrite exposure on anammox activity. In this study, µmax,An was estimated to be 0.017 h-1. The study results also suggest that anammox bacteria can tolerate a spike of nitrite-N at concentrations as high as 400 mg/L as long as this concentration is not sustained. Sustained concentrations above 50 mg/L caused a gradual loss of activity over the long term. Finally, the inhibition of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) observed in the DEMON reactor was investigated using laboratory experiments and is reported in Chapter 6. AerAOB inhibition was, in most cases, the main reason for process upset. Compounds that were suspected to be the cause of the inhibition were tested. The study noticed that a defoaming agent, polymer and ferrous iron had some inhibiting properties at the concentrations tested.
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Katoch, Sunain, Vinay Sharma, and Patit Paban Kundu. "Swelling kinetics of unsaturated polyester–layered silicate nanocomposite." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186443.

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Kinetics of swelling and sorption behavior of unsaturated polyester nanocomposite (based on glycolyzed PET, maleic anhydride, styrene, and montmorillonite) synthesized by two different mixing methods, simultaneous and sequential is studied in acetic acid at different temperatures. The values of n in the transport equation are found to be below 0.5, showing non-Fickian or pseudo-Fickian transport in the polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficient on the mixing methods and temperature has also been studied for the unsaturated polyester nanocomposite. The diffusion coefficients in simultaneous mixing samples decrease with an increase in the mixing time in the samples. In case of the sequential mixing samples, the diffusion coefficient increases with an increase in mixing time. The diffusion coefficient increases with an increase in temperature for all the unsaturated polyester nanocomposite samples. The sorption coefficient increases with an increase in the mixing time for all the samples synthesized by in-situ mixing method. The crosslink density (calculated from the CH3COOH swelling) ranges from 5.014 to 7.092 × 102 mol/cm3 for simultaneous mixed samples and 5.212 to 7.192 × 102 mol/cm3 for sequentially mixed samples.
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Leyva-Ramos, Roberto, Raul Ocampo-Perez, Oliva L. Torres-Rivera, Maria S. Berber-Mendoza, and Nahum A. Medellin-Castillo. "Kinetics of pyridine adsorption onto granular activated carbon." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191056.

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Books on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. AICHEMI modular instruction: Series G, design of equipment. New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1986.

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Linear kinetic theory and particle transport in stochastic mixtures. Singapore: World Scientific, 1991.

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Leeuwen, Herman P. van, and Wolfgang Köster, eds. Physicochemical Kinetics and Transport at Biointerfaces. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470094044.

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van, Leeuwen H. P., and Köster Wolfgang, eds. Physicochemical kinetics and transport at biointerfaces. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2004.

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Fundamentals of receptor, enzyme, and transport kinetics. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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Haug, Hartmut. Quantum kinetics in transport and optics of semiconductors. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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1952-, Jauho Antti-Pekka, ed. Quantum kinetics in transport and optics of semiconductors. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Haug, Hartmut. Quantum kinetics in transport and optics of semiconductors. 2nd ed. Berlin [u.a.]: Springer, 2010.

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Themelis, Nickolas J. Transport and chemical rate phenomena. Basel, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1995.

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Chemical kinetics and process dynamics in aquatic systems. Boca Raton: Lewis, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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Sparks, Donald L. "Chemical Kinetics and Mass Transfer Processes in Soils and Soil Constituents." In Transport Processes in Porous Media, 583–637. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3628-0_12.

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Wachutka, G. "Consistent Treatment of Carrier Emission and Capture Kinetics in Electrothermal and Energy Transport Models." In Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, 429–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6657-4_106.

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Popovich, Robert P., Jack W. Moncrief, and W. Keith Pyle. "Transport Kinetics." In Peritoneal Dialysis, 96–116. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1085-0_6.

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Popovich, Robert P., and Jack W. Moncrief. "Transport kinetics." In Peritoneal dialysis, 115–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2560-6_5.

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Méndez, Vicenç, Sergei Fedotov, and Werner Horsthemke. "Reaction Kinetics." In Reaction–Transport Systems, 3–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11443-4_1.

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Vasiliev, V. A., Yu M. Romanovskii, D. S. Chernavskii, and V. G. Yakhno. "Autowave mechanisms of transport in living tubes." In Autowave Processes in Kinetic Systems, 225–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3751-2_9.

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Holzbecher, Ekkehard. "Transport and Kinetics." In Environmental Modeling, 133–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22042-5_7.

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Steefel, Carl I. "Geochemical Kinetics and Transport." In Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction, 545–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4_11.

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Knauf, Philip A. "Kinetics of Anion Transport." In The Red Cell Membrane, 171–200. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4500-1_9.

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Aardahl, C. L., and J. W. Rogers. "Kinetics and Transport Considerations." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 85–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145333.ch48.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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Wu, Bei, and Hui Zhang. "Vapor Transport Controlled Process Models for AlN Bulk Sublimation Growth." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56564.

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Sublimation vapor transport method is a widely used technique for the production of optoelectronic materials, such as AlN single crystals. Inductively heated method is most commonly used in high temperature materials processing. In the literature, a one-step reaction with two vapor species, i.e. aluminum (Al) vapor and nitrogen (N2) gas, is usually assumed and a diffusion-controlled growth mechanism is used with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. In the growth experiments, crystal growth may be in the kinetic controlled region, the interplay between surface kinetics and vapor transport is important. Temperature field with inductively heated method will be simulated in this paper. Afterwards, three growth models are proposed. One model is called the traditional model assuming thermodynamic equilibrium and diffusion as the rate-limiting process, and two other models are developed based on equilibrium partial pressure of either aluminum vapor or reaction nitrogen gas. The predicted growth rates by three models are compared. The advantage and disadvantage of different models are discussed.
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Park, Ji-Woong, Yuanjiang Pei, Yu Zhang, Anqi Zhang, and Sibendu Som. "Optimizing Hydrogen Kinetics for Zero-Carbon Emission Transport Technologies." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22395-ms.

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Abstract To achieve carbon neutral ambition, hydrogen (H2) has recently received significant attention as a zerocarbon fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs) across transportation sectors. As a critical element in the analysis-led design process, a hydrogen kinetic mechanism needs to be thoroughly evaluated to support the development of high-efficiency H2-ICE combustion system concepts. In this study, recently published H2 kinetic mechanisms were reviewed and down-selected for evaluations against available laboratory data in ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar flame speed (LFS) measurements. The examination was subsequently extended to high-fidelity three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD), spark-ignited, H2 engine simulations. Discrepancies identified at engine-relevant conditions led to a kinetics tailoring campaign based on the H2 mechanism developed by Burke et al. (2012). Selected reactions identified via global sensitivity analysis were optimized under the engine-relevant pressure-temperature conditions. The reaction rate coefficients were adjusted within the experimental and theoretical uncertainty limits by adopting a Monte-Carlo sampling approach as a searching algorithm to generate candidate mechanisms. Finally, the optimized mechanism was validated sequentially from low-dimensional (0-D and 1-D) to high-fidelity 3D CFD engine simulations. Overall, the optimized H2 kinetic model led to significantly improved predictions on capturing engine in-cylinder pressure trace and heat release rate.
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Bhouri, Maha, Jacques Goyette, Bruce J. Hardy, and Donald L. Anton. "Transport Process Study in Sodium Alanate Hydrogen Storage System During Desorption." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23079.

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Transport processes in a sodium alanate hydrogen storage system during desorption are presented. The mathematical model, which considers heat conduction and convection, hydrogen flow governed by Blake-Kozeny law and the chemical kinetics, is solved using the COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element software. The numerical simulation is used to present the time-space evolutions of the temperature, pressure and hydride concentration. The results are discussed for two cases: a finned storage system and a finless one. It is shown that the whole process occurring in the bed is governed and controlled by heat transfer from the heating fluid to the storage media and strengthened by axial heat transfer through the fins. The importance of the hydride bed thermal conductivity has also been evaluated. It was observed that the hydrogen discharge rate in a finless system can be improved if we find ways of increasing the thermal conductivity of the storage media. On the other hand, for a reservoir with fins, heat transfer is good enough that the discharge rate is limited by the kinetics.
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Cavanzo, E. A., S. F. Muñoz, A. Ordoñez, and H. Bottia. "Kinetics of Wet In-Situ Combustion: A Review of Kinetic Models." In SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171134-ms.

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Abstract In Situ Combustion is an enhanced oil recovery method which consists on injecting air to the reservoir, generating a series of oxidation reactions at different temperature ranges by chemical interaction between oil and oxygen, the high temperature oxidation reactions are highly exothermic; the oxygen reacts with a coke like material formed by thermal cracking, they are responsible of generating the heat necessary to sustain and propagate the combustion front, sweeping the heavy oil and upgrading it due to the high temperatures. Wet in situ combustion is variant of the process, in which water is injected simultaneously or alternated with air, taking advantage of its high heat capacity, so the steam can transport heat more efficiently forward the combustion front due to the latent heat of vaporization. A representative model of the in situ combustion process is constituted by a static model, a dynamic model and a kinetic model. The kinetic model represents the oxidative behavior and the compositional changes of the crude oil; it is integrated by the most representative reactions of the process and the corresponding kinetic parameters of each reaction. Frequently, the kinetic model for a dry combustion process has Low Temperature Oxidation reactions (LTO), thermal cracking reactions and the combustion reaction. For the case of wet combustion, additional aquathermolysis reactions take place. This article presents a full review of the kinetic models of the wet in situ combustion process taking into account aquathermolysis reactions. These are hydrogen addition reactions due to the chemical interaction between crude oil and steam. The mechanism begins with desulphurization reactions and subsequent decarboxylation reactions, which are responsible of carbon monoxide production, which reacts with steam producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen; this is the water and gas shift reaction. Finally, during hydrocracking and hydrodesulphurization reactions, hydrogen sulfide is generated and the crude oil is upgraded. An additional upgrading mechanism during the wet in situ combustion process can be explained by the aquathermolysis theory, also hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen production can be estimated by a suitable kinetic model that takes into account the most representative reactions involved during the combustion process.
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Katukota, Shanthi P., Jianhu Nie, Yitung Chen, Robert F. Boehm, and Hsuan-Tsung Hsieh. "Numerical Modeling of Electrochemical Process for Hydrogen Production From PEM Electrolyzer Cell." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36108.

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Numerical simulations of proton exchange water electrolysis for hydrogen production were performed for the purpose of examining the phenomena occurring within the proton exchange membranes (PEM) water splitting cell. A two-dimensional steady-state isothermal model of the cell has been developed. Finite element method was used to solve the multicomponent transport model coupled with flow in porous medium, charge balance and electrochemical kinetics. The Maxwell-Stefan equation is applied for the multi-component diffusion and convection in water distribution electrodes. The Butler-Volmer kinetic equation is used to obtain the local current density distribution at the catalyst reactive boundaries. Darcy’s law was applied for the flow of species in the porous electrodes. Parametric studies are performed based on appropriate mass balances, transport, and electrochemical kinetics applied to the electrolysis cell. There are significant current spikes present at the corners of the current collector. The current density varies significantly in the cell, being highest at the corners of the current collector. As the water on the anode side flows from the inlet to the outlet, the mass fraction of oxygen increases. This is the effect of oxygen concentration due to the effect oxidation of water. On the cathode side, as the mass fraction of water decreases there is little variation in the hydrogen mass fraction content due to the effect of hydrogen reduction.
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Wu, Bei, Ronghui Ma, and Hui Zhang. "Growth Kinetics and Wall Stress Effects in Sublimation Growth of AlN Bulk Crystals." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47006.

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In the sublimation crystal growth process, source materials sublime at a higher temperature, and the resulting vapor transports to the seed crystal at a lower temperature where surface reaction and crystallization takes place. We have developed a two-dimensional numerical model to simulate the thermal and fluid fields in an AlN bulk growth system. A growth model that incorporates thermodynamic analyses, Stefan flow or diffusion transport, and growth kinetics has been developed to predict the growth rate of AlN bulk crystal. In addition, a thermomechanical stress model has also been developed to predict the thermal stress evolution in an AlN crystal.
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Liu, Zizhong, and Hamid Emami-Meybodi. "Gas Transport Modeling in Organic-Rich Nanoporous Media with Nonequilibrium Sorption Kinetics." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210221-ms.

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Abstract We present a mathematical model for one-dimensional gas transport in organic-rich nanoporous media subject to nonequilibrium sorption. The model is developed from two governing equations to simulate Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow in the free phase, and surface diffusion in the sorbed phase. The pore space is shared between the free and sorbed phases by defining concentration-dependent free- and sorbed-phase volume fractions. The governing equations are coupled through a source/sink term described by a kinetic sorption model. The impact of the reduced effective pore space and sorption on free-phase mass transfer is characterized by defining effective diffusion coefficients. The governing equations are numerically solved based on the finite element method. The diffusion model is utilized to analyze the temporal and spatial concentration data obtained using X-ray micro-CT scans from two experiments, including Krypton transport into a coal sample and Xenon uptake into a shale sample. The proposed model can closely reproduce total concentration profiles in both experiments. The model also captures the concentration peak in Xe-shale system due to the significant nonequilibrium sorption and slower process of reaching equilibrium. The results show that surface diffusion dominates the total mass transport in Xe-shale system with higher adsorption affinity. In Kr-coal system with lower adsorption affinity, the sorbed phase contributes significantly to the total mass transport mostly at high pressures. In addition, the sorbed phase can occupy up to 30% of pore space, which reduces the free-phase diffusion coefficient by 40% in Xe-shale and 80% in Kr-coal. Accordingly, neglecting the sorbed-phase volume in nanoporous media may overestimate the effective free-phase diffusion coefficient.
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Song, Yingming, Qingyu Gao, Ke Wang, Yaping Guo, Lu Zhang, and Yongwei Yang. "Simulation on Neutron Space-Time Kinetics for Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66314.

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Monte Carlo transport theory was applied to the variables space and time separated framework of neutron space-time kinetics calculation for Accelerator driven sub-critical reactor. The improved quasi-static approximation was combined with Monte Carlo neutron transport code (IQS/MC) for neutron space-time kinetic process of ADS sub-critical system. Besides, the IQS/MC simulation calculation program with visualization operation platform for ADS sub-critical system was developed simultaneously. The beam transient was analysed simulatedly based on the physical model of CIADS. Three-dimensional grid distributions of relative neutron flux of energy group were separated along time can be obtained by computing energy group separated of neutron flux, meanwhile the totally relative power, fuel temperature and outlet temperature of coolant at the core varied as the time were also obtained. The calculated results of IQS/MC method and point reactor method were compared, which agreed well with the relevant physics laws and verify that the IQS/MC method is applicable to the simulation of ADS neutron space-time kinetics and ADS neutronics transient security analysis.
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Odukoya, Adedoyin, and Greg F. Naterer. "Entropy Production of Hydrate Transport in Subsea Multiphase Pipeline Flows." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42272.

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A numerical model is developed to examine the flow conditions of multiphase heat transfer and entropy production during hydrate formation in subsea pipelines. The temperature and pressure gradients of the oil and gas flow in subsea pipelines lead to entropy generation. This paper examines the impacts and effects of thermodynamic irreversibilities on the nucleation and growth processes of hydrate crystals in the pipeline flows. The effects of heat transfer ratio, internal diameter of the pipe, molar gas density, and environment temperature on entropy production in subsea pipelines are predicted and discussed in this paper. The numerical model accounts for the temperature distribution along the axial length of the pipe, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer between the solid and fluid layer. The kinetic energy of the hydrate particles during the coagulation process is analyzed in the numerical model. The results indicate that entropy production is highest at the beginning of the nucleation process. Pipelines with smaller internal radii have a lower rate of hydrate formation in subsea pipelines. The results from the numerical model are verified by comparison with experimental results for structure type II natural gas hydrates.
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He, Mingtao, Hongchun Wu, Liangzhi Cao, Youqi Zheng, and ShengCheng Zhou. "Time-Dependent, Three Dimensional Nodal Transport Code Development Based on Unstructured Mesh." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31018.

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A space-time nodal transport code, DAISY, was developed to evaluate dynamic neutron behavior in innovative nuclear system. The steady transport process is based on an arbitrary triangles-z mesh nodal method which can treat complicated geometry configuration with enough precision and acceptable calculated quantity. This code employs the improved quasi-static method for neutron kinetics with a predictor-corrector scheme to improve computational efficiency. The direct method and the point approximation for neutron kinetics are also implemented into DAISY to evaluate the precision and efficiency of this predictor-corrector scheme. This code was verified by several transient benchmarks. It shows that the predictor-corrector scheme in DAISY can greatly reduce the computational time with enough precision.
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Reports on the topic "Transport Process and Kinetics"

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Kechagi, P., I. Tsimpanogiannis, Y. C. Yortsos, and P. Lichtner. On the Upscaling of Reaction-Transport Processes in Porous Media with Fast Kinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/772929.

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McCoy, B. J., J. M. Smith, M. Wang, and C. J. Zhang. Chemical kinetics and transport processes in supercritical fluid extraction of coal. Final report, August 10, 1990--December 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10142663.

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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Yao, Z. S., Y. Z. Li, and J. E. Mungall. Transport and deposition of sulphide liquid - vectors to ore accumulations. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328979.

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This project aims to model the kinetic controls on sulphide composition due to the extraction of chalcophile elements from silicate magmas, and use the numerical models to deepen our knowledge of the physical constraints that govern sulphide dynamic processes (e.g., breakup, coalescence, transport and deposition) in magmatic system. Based on the new understanding obtained from these forward models, we then take the textural and compositional features of sulphide globules from the field investigation at Raglan komatiite-associated deposits for instance, to better understand the control on entrainment, transport and deposition of sulphide liquids within the ore-forming processes.
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Rosner, Daniel E. Transport and Interfacial Kinetics in Multiphase Combustion Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330480.

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Kwon, K. C. KINETICS OF HOT-GAS DESULFURIZATION SORBENTS FOR TRANSPORT REACTORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/792046.

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K.C. Kwon. KINETICS OF HOT-GAS DESULFURIZATION SORBENTS FOR TRANSPORT REACTORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823188.

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K.C. Kwon. KINETICS OF HOT-GAS DESULFURIZATION SORBENTS FOR TRANSPORT REACTORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814715.

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Calo, J. M., and E. M. Suuberg. NO sub x -char reactions: Kinetics and transport aspects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6501244.

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K.C. Kwon. Kinetics of hot-gas desulfurization sorbents for transport reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757273.

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