Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport of nutrients'
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Vincent, Amelia A. "Evaluation of Phosphorus Transport and Transformations in GLEAMS 3.0." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33156.
Full textThe overall goal of this research was to improve simulation of soil phosphorus (P) transport and transformations in GLEAMS 3.0, a non-point source model that simulates edge-of-field and bottom-of-root-zone loadings of nutrients from climate-soil-management interactions to assess management alternatives. The objectives of this research were to identify the state of the science for P transport and transformations, determine appropriate relationships for inclusion in GLEAMS, and determine if modifications to GLEAMS improved predictions of P loss in runoff, sediment, and leachate.
The state of the science review revealed numerous equations available to predict dissolved P loss in runoff and leachate from a soilâ s nutrient status. These equations use a single variable to predict P loss and were developed for site-specific conditions based on empirical data. Use of these equations in GLEAMS is not reasonable as transport factors must also be considered when predicting P loss.
Results from the sensitivity analysis showed that GLEAMS prediction of leached P were extremely sensitive to changes in the P partitioning coefficient (CPKD). Runoff PO4-P output was slightly to moderately sensitive, sediment PO4-P was moderately sensitive to sensitive, and sediment organic P was moderately sensitive to changes in CPKD whereas plant uptake of P was insensitive to slightly sensitive. The weakness of GLEAMS to estimate CPKD has been documented. Upon further investigation, it was determined that CPKD was highly over-estimated in GLEAMS as compared to measured values found during the literature review. Furthermore, this over-estimation caused under-estimation of the P extraction coefficient (BETA P); the value of BETA P remained constant at 0.10 and did not vary over the simulation period.
Expressions for CPKD and BETA P were modified in GLEAMS. Data from three published studies (Belle Mina, Gilbert Farm, and Watkinsville) were used in the analyses of three modifications to GLEAMS: GLEAMS BETA P, GLEAMS CPKD, and GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD. GLEAMS BETA P investigated the change in BETA P as a function of soil clay content, GLEAMS CPKD attempted to improve GLEAMSâ estimation of CPKD, and GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD assessed the combined effects of changes to BETA P and CPKD.
Over the respective study periods, GLEAMS over predicted runoff PO4-P for Belle Mina by 193 to 238% while under-predicting runoff PO4-P at Gilbert Farm by 41% and Watkinsville by 81%. Sediment P was over-predicted by GLEAMS for Belle Mina by 225 to 233% and Gilbert Farm by 560%, while sediment P was under-predicted by 62% at Watkinsville. Leached PO4-P was both over- and under-predicted by GLEAMS; Belle Mina was the only data set with observed leached P values.
Simulation results from the model changes were inconclusive. There was no clear evidence supporting use of one model over another. Modifications increased predicted dissolved P in runoff and leachate, while decreasing predicted sediment-bound P in runoff. The original GLEAMS model best predicted runoff and leached PO4-P at the Belle Mina sites. GLEAMS CPKD was the best predictor of runoff PO4-P and sediment P at Gilbert Farm. GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD best predicted runoff PO4-P at Watkinsville. Overall, the proposed improvements to GLEAMS did not improve GLEAMS predictions.
In conclusion, GLEAMS should not be used for quantitative estimates of hydrology, sediment, and nutrient loss for specific management practices. As recommended by the GLEAMS model developers, GLEAMS should only be used to predict relative differences in alternative management systems. It is recommended that future research focus on developing a better correlation between CPKD, clay mineralogy and content, and organic matter content, as CPKD has been identified as a vital component of the GLEAMS P sub-model that requires further examination.
Master of Science
Doddridge, Edward. "Influence of eddies on vertical transport and nutrients in subtropical gyres." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9ca650eb-fa96-4807-ba78-44b838484334.
Full textCampbell, Fiona M. "Long-chain fatty acid transport by the human placenta : the role of fatty acid-binding proteins." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363738.
Full textStoodley, Paul. "The influence of liquid flow and nutrients on biofilm structure and behaviour." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286538.
Full textAllen, Cody M. "Seasonal Transport of Suspended Solids and Nutrients Between Bear River and Bear Lake." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1277.
Full textSoupir, Michelle Lynn. "Release and Transport of Bacteria and Nutrients from Livestock Manure Applied to Pastureland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34471.
Full textTransport of fecal bacteria and nutrients from point and nonpoint sources to surface water bodies is of significant concern in Virginia and the United States. In Virginia, 4,320 river miles are impaired for one or more beneficial use and 72% of the streams are impaired due to pathogen indicators (VDEQ, 2002). Land applications of manure from confined animal systems and by direct deposit by grazing animals are both major sources of fecal bacteria and nutrients in runoff. Therefore, an understanding of the overland transport mechanisms for fecal bacteria and nutrients is very important for the development of best management practices to reduce loading of pathogens and nutrients to surface water bodies. The objectives of this study were to quantify the release and transport potential of three fecal bacterial indicators: E. coli, Enterococcus, and fecal coliforms; and nitrogen and phosphorus from land applied manure during runoff events. Another objective was to identify the Enterococcus species present in dairy manure and determine which species have the highest potential to be transported by runoff.
Release plots were established to study the in-field bacteria and nutrient release. The bacteria and nutrients released from the plots are available to be transported to the edge of the field in runoff. Four manure treatments (turkey litter, liquid dairy manure, cowpies, and none or control) and three land type treatments: pasture with a history of poultry litter application (Turkey Farm), pasture with a history of liquid dairy manure application (Dairy Farm), and pasture with no prior manure application (Tech Research Farm) were studied. During a short but intense rainfall event, the highest bacterial release was measured under the cowpie treatment (E. coli concentrations ranging from 37,000 to >300,000 and FC concentrations ranging from 65,000 to >300,000). Pasturelands with a history of previous manure applications did not release higher bacteria concentrations compared with pasturelands which had never received manure applications. Pasturelands with a history of land application of liquid dairy manure and turkey litter had 143% and 94% higher TSS concentrations available to be transported off the field during overland flow events because of the build up of organic material on the soil surface. TP concentrations released from the cowpie, liquid dairy, and turkey litter treatments were 3.12 mg/L, 3.00 mg/L, and 1.76 mg/L, respectively.
Transport plots were developed to measure the concentrations of fecal bacteria and nutrients present in overland flow at the edge of the field. The bacteria flow-weighted concentrations were highest in runoff samples from the plots treated with cowpies (200,000 CFU/100 mL of E. coli and 234,000 CFU/100 mL of FC). The turkey litter had the highest concentration of dissolved phosphorus in runoff from pasturelands (1.22 mg/L), but the cowpie treatment had the highest concentrations of sediment bound phosphorus in runoff (0.73 mg/L). All three treatments investigated in this study contributed to phosphorus loading in surface waters and could potentially increase the risk of eutrophication. Total nitrogen concentrations from the transport plots exceeded the threshold for likely eutrophication problems for all treatments and the total nitrogen concentrations from plots treated with cowpies exceeded the threshold for severe eutrophication problems.
The Biolog System, a method of bacterial source tracking, was used to identify the different species of Enterococcus present both in the cowpie source manure and in the runoff collected from the transport plots treated with cowpies. The source manure is dominated by the Enterococcus mundtii (55%), Enterococcus gallinarum (20%), Enterococcus faecium (10%), and Enterococcus faecalis (10%). Enterococcus faecalis had the highest percentage of isolates present in runoff with a total of 37%, followed by Enterococcus mundtii which was present in 21% of the runoff events and Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus faecium (11%).
Improvements in understanding the bacterial release and overland processes will enhance modeling of bacteria and nutrient transport, and provide a basis for a more realistic evaluation of the impacts of management practices implementation. The data from this study will serve as a baseline to model the release and transport of fecal bacteria and nutrients from agricultural watersheds to surface waters.
Master of Science
Soupir, Michelle Lynn. "Fate and Transport of Pathogen Indicators from Pasturelands." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26581.
Full textPh. D.
McLeod, Brock R. "The influence of snowcover distribution and variable melt regimes on the transport of nutrients from two high Arctic watersheds." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1292.
Full textBlocker, Jason E. "MODELING NUTRIENT TRANSPORT FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS FERTILIZED WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE, MAUMEE RIVER BASIN." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1178739262.
Full textMishra, Anurag. "Nutrient and Bacterial Transport From Agricultural Lands Fertlized With Different Animal Manures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41635.
Full textMaster of Science
Marttila, H. (Hannu). "Managing erosion, sediment transport and water quality in drained peatland catchments." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514293306.
Full textAllen, Gerald R. "An Analysis of the Fate and Transport of Nutrients in the Upper and Lower Scioto Watersheds of Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1310663396.
Full textHaider, Muhammad Zulqurnain. "Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in exchange of nutrients between the fungus and the host plant within the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0042.
Full textThe mycorrhizal symbiosis made it possible the first plants to conquest emerged lands and is a major biological phenomenon of terrestrial ecosystems. The fungal partner efficiently takes up nutritive ions from the soil solution and transfers them to the host plants in exchange for photosynthetates. However, despite the importance of this symbiosis on ecosystem productivity, our knowledge about molecular processes controlling this symbiotic interaction and solute transports at the membrane level is very scarce. The objective of the project aims at dissecting part of the molecular mechanisms required for a functional ectomycorrhizal symbiosis associated with most of the woody species from boreal and temperate forests, by focusing on K+ exchanges occurring through the continuum soil-hyphae-plant. The general aim of the project is to gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the polarization and differentiation of the plasma membrane between the site of nutrient uptake and the site of efflux into the apoplastic space in the ectomycorrhizal root. The team "Canaux Ioniques – Ion channels" has obtained an EST library of the fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum (1) and has identified and characterized a potassium transporter of the Trk family (2). Also a Shaker-type potassium cannel was identified within the EST library but it is not yet functionally characterized. A second transcript was found from this channel with a longer N-terminus compared to the first transcript isolated in the beginning. Also, a sugar transporter was identified among the ESTs that could participate in the absorption of sugars, coming from the host plant, by the fungus. The objective of the PhD thesis is the functional characterization of these fungal transport systems as well as their localization. The functional characterization of these candidate genes will be accomplished using heterologous expression systems (Xenopus oocytes, COS cells, complementation of yeast mutants) and by the means of electrophysiology. Localization of genes within the fungus being in symbiotic interaction with the host plant, the tree Pinus pinaster, will help to better understand the role of the transport systems. The differentiation of the fungus, when establishing symbiosis, into the specialized interfaces soil-fungus and fungal cell- host plant cell within the ectomycorrhiza (Hartig net) is probably accompanied by a specific expression of transport proteins and ion channels
Ancona, Cintia Maria. "Aspectos da variação espacial e temporal da biomassa e produção fitoplanctônica e parâmetros correlatos no estuário e baía de Santos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-19062008-105620/.
Full textThe relationship between time-space variations of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity and the variability in physical and chemical characteristics of the water column was investigated by monthly samplings of temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, seston and phytoplankton biomass in 4 oceanographic stations in Santos Bay and 3 stations in Santos Channel, during the period from November 2004 to December 2005. The transport of properties between estuarine channels and the bay was estimated by measurements conducted in fixed stations located at Santos and São Vicente Channels inlets throughout a complete tidal cycle (13h). The main limiting factors to phytoplankton biomass development were: light availability, water column stratification and temperature. Santos and São Vicente channels imported salt, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in the majority of the studied cases. High levels of dissolved inorganic nutrients and biomass indicate no nutritional limitation, despite the dystrophic conditions observed. High chlorophyll-a concentrations (mean value 9.82 mg m-3) indicate the environment still displays the eutrophic characteristics already reported in former studies conducted in this area by more than 30 years ago.
Lacroix, Fabrice. "Riverine and coastal ocean contributions to the global and regional oceanic cycling of carbon and nutrients." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/289460/3/main.pdf.
Full textRiver deliver vast amounts of terrestrially derived compounds to the ocean. These fluxes are of particular importance for the coastal ocean, which is recognized as a region of disproportionate contribution to global oceanic biological fluxes. Until now, the riverine carbon, nutrient and alkalinity inputs have been poorly represented or omitted in global ocean biogeochemistry models. In particular, there has yet to be a model that considers the pre-industrial riverine loads of biogeochemical compounds to the ocean, and terrestrial inputs of organic matter are greatly simplified in their composition and reactivities in the ocean. Furthermore, the coastal ocean and its contribution to the globalcarbon cycle have remained enigmatic, with little attention being paid to this area of high biological productivity in global model analysis of carbon fluxes. Lastly, 20 th century perturbations in riverine fluxes as well as of the physical and biogeochemical states of the coastal ocean have remained unexplored in a 3-dimensional model. Thus, the main goals of this thesis are to integrate an improved representation of riverine supplies in a global ocean model, as well as to improve the representation of the coastal ocean in the model, in order to solve open questions with respect its global contributions to carbon cycling.In this thesis, I first aimed to close gaps of knowledge in the long-term implications of pre-industrial riverine loads for the oceanic cycling of carbon in a novel framework. I estimated pre-industrial biogeochemical riverine loads and their spatial distributions derived from Earth System Model variables while using a hierarchy of state-of-the-art weathering and organic matter land-ocean export models. I incorporated these loads into the global ocean biogeochemical model HAMOCC and investigated the induced changes in oceanic biological production and in the air-sea carbon flux, both at the global scale and in a regional shelf analysis. Finally, I summarized the results by assessing the net land sink of atmospheric carbon prescribed by the terrestrial models, and comparing it to the long-term carbon outgassing determined in the ocean model. The study reveals a pre-industrial oceanic outgassing flux of 231 Tg C yr -1 ,which is found to a large degree in proximity to the river mouths. The model also indicates an interhemispheric transfer of carbon from dominant northern hemisphere riverine inputs to outgassing in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, I observe substantial riverine-induced increases in biological productivity in the tropical West Atlantic (+166 %), the Bay of Bengal (+377 %) and in the East China Sea (+71 %), in comparison to a model simulation which does not consider the riverine inputs.In addition to considering supplies provided by riverine fluxes, the biogeochemical representation of the coastal ocean is improved in HAMOCC, by firstly increasing organic matter remineralization rates in the coastal sediment and by secondly explicitly representing the breakdown process of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in the ocean. In an analysis of the coastal fluxes, the model shows a much shorter residence time of coastal waters (14-16 months) than previously assumed, which leads to an efficient cross-shelf transport of organic matter and a net autotrophic state for both the pre-industrial timeframe and the present day. The coastal ocean is also revealed as a CO2 sink for the pre-industrial time period (0.06-0.08 Pg C yr -1 ) in contrary to to the suggested source in published literature. The sink is however not only caused by the autotrophic state of the coastal ocean, but it is likely also strongly influenced by the effects of biological alkalinity production, as well as both physical and biogeochemical characteristics of open ocean inflows.In the final chapter, 20 th century oceanic perturbations due to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and in the physical climate, and to increases in riverine nutrient supplies were investigated by using sequential model simulations. The model results show that the decrease in the net primary production (NPP) in the tropical and subtropical oceans due to temperature-induced stratification may be completely compensated by increases in the Southern Ocean and in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). The model also reveals that including increases in riverine supplies causes a global ocean NPP increase of +4 %, with the coastal ocean being a particularlystrongly affected region (+15 %).This thesis shows a strong necessity to represent spatio-temporal changes in riverine supplies and of the coastal ocean state in spatially explicit global models in order to assess changes of the global cycling of carbon in the ocean in the past and potentially in the future.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Attisano, Karina Kammer. "A oceanografia química e os processos oceanográficos presentes na plataforma continental das regiões de Santa Marta (SC) e Albardão (RS)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2007. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3523.
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A costa sul do Brasil, constituída pelas áreas costeiras e oceânicas do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, é conhecida como uma das regiões de maior potencial pesqueiro de todo o litoral brasileiro. Isto se deve, sobretudo, a presença de várias massas de água que interagem formando um sistema complexo, dinâmico e altamente produtivo. Além dos intensos processos de mistura, essas regiões apresentam frentes termohalinas e ação de ventos. O presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico comparativo, de enfoque químico, entre a plataforma das regiões de Santa Marta (SC) e Albardão (RS). Para tanto, são utilizados parâmetros hidroquímicos, amostrados em 33 estações oceanográficas importantes para a avaliação da produção biológica, e também a interpretação dos processos oceanográficos. Ao efetuar a comparação entre as referidas regiões de plataforma, durante o inverno de 2005, observou-se claramente maiores concentrações de nutrientes dissolvidos na região do Albardão, devido a menor influência da Água Tropical, apresentando-se submetida a processos oceanográficos mais intensos resultantes da proximidade à Convergência Subtropical, da intrusão da Água Subtropical de Plataforma (através do paleocanal), da formação da Frente Subtropical de Plataforma, frentes frias e do volume de descarga continental substancial proveniente do Rio do Prata, Lagoa dos Patos e do transporte subterrâneo que potencializam a dinâmica entre as massas de água, elevando a produtividade da região.
The southern Brazilian Coast comprises of the coastal and oceanic areas of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina and is a region with the highest fishing potential along the Brazilian coast. This is due to the presence of several water masses that interact form a complex, dynamic and highly productive system. Mixing is also provided by thermohaline fronts, upwelling and wind. The present work presents a diagnosis, using hydrochemical data, between Santa Marta Shelf (SC) and Albardão (RS) (33 oceanographic stations) to determine biological production and other oceanographical processes. During the 2005 winter there were higher nutrients concentrations in Albardão zone, due to less influence of Tropical Water. There is high productivity in the region due to mixing of water masses by proximity to Subtropical Convergence, intrusion of the Subtropical Water on to the Shelf (through the paleochannel), formation of Subtropical Shelf Front, groundwater transport, cold fronts discharge from Prata River, Patos Lagoon.
Gove, Lindsey. "Effects of biosolid application to agricultural land on the potential for transport of nutrients (N & P) and heavy contaminants (Cd, Cu, Pb & Zn) in soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271314.
Full textJones, Charles Nathaniel. "Floodplain Hydrology and Biogeochemistry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75169.
Full textPh. D.
McIntyre, Rebecca Elise Sinclair. "Soil biogeochemistry and flooding in intermittent streams of the semi-arid Pilbara region." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0115.
Full textTajuddin, Rosnida Binti. "Nutrient transport in ectomycorrhiza." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210785.
Full textSimmons, Tamla A. "Nutrient Transport by Shrimp Hepatopancreas." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/420.
Full textMorillo, Sebastian. "Engineering solutions to water quality problems in lakes." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0153.
Full textWallin, Andrea. "Nutrient transport modelling in the Daugava River basin." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88873.
Full textÖvergödning utgör ett av de allvarligaste hoten mot Östersjöns miljö. Storleken av näringsbelastningen till havet behöver därför bestämmas med hjälp av tillgängliga matematiska modeller. Modellen ”Generalised Watershed Loading Functions” (GWLF), en ickedistribuerad parametermodell som uppskattar hydrologi och månatlig näringsbelastning, tillämpades på avrinningsområdet till Daugava som mynnar i Östersjön. Syftet med studien var att genom modellering av historisk transport av näringsämnen till Östersjön ta fram parametrar och indata som sedan kan användas vid applicering av GWLF på omkringliggande avrinningsområden. Data från 1990-talet användes för kalibrering av modellen och data från 1980-talet för validering. Årlig kvävebelastning modellerades med R2värdet 0,78 för kalibreringsperioden. Modellerad årlig kvävebelastning för valideringsperioden underskattades med ungefär 30 % vilket troligen beror på att kvävekoncentrationer i grundvatten och ytavrinning minskade mellan 1980- och 1990-talen.
Fosforbelastningen underskattades jämfört med rapporterade värden vilket troligen beror på att enskilda avlopp inte inkluderades och att rapporterade punktutsläpp är för låga.
Modifikationer av modellen föreslås för prediktion av näringsbelastningar under lång tid och behovet av harmoniserad, uppdaterad och lättillgänglig data för näringstransportsmodellering diskuteras.
Eutrophication is one of the most serious threats to the Baltic Sea environment. Nutrient loading into the sea therefore needs to be quantified by available mathematical models. The Generalised Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF), a lumpedparameter model that predicts hydrology and monthly nutrient loads, was applied to the Daugava River Basin, discharging into the Baltic Sea. The aim of the study was to model historic transport of nutrients into the Baltic Sea and thereby produce estimates of parameters and input data needed for a spatial extension of the GWLF to surrounding river basins.
Calibration data were taken from the 1990’s and validation data from the 1980’s. Yearly nitrogen loads were modelled with an R2 value of 0.78 for the calibration period. Predicted yearly nitrogen loads for the validation period were about 30 % lower than reported values, probably depending on decreasing groundwater and runoff concentrations between the 1980’s and 1990’s. Phosphorus loads were underestimated compared to reported values, the main reason probably being the exclusion of septic systems and too low reported point sources.
Modifications of the model are suggested for longterm predictions of nutrient loads and the need for harmonised, uptodate and generally accessible data for nutrient transport modelling discussed.
Simard, Guillaume. "Monitoring and simulation of nutrient transport from agricultural fields." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98799.
Full textFrom the two experimental fields studied, the results showed that the mean phosphorus load exported was larger in surface runoff than in tile drainage. The mean phosphorus load exported was 1.21 kg ha-1yr -1 in surface runoff, and 0.61 kg ha-1yr-1 in tile drainage. In contrast, nitrate loads exiting the fields were larger in tile drainage than in surface runoff. Over the two year study, the mean nitrate load was 5.64 kg ha-1yr-1 in surface runoff, and 91.43 kg ha-1yr-1 in tile drainage.
FHANTM's simulation of hydrology for one field gave slightly negative coefficients of performance (CP), representing a poor capacity to simulate surface and subsurface runoff depths. The simulation of phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff showed a small range of values compared to field measurements, while simulations of phosphorus concentration in tile drainage were considered acceptable. Therefore, the overall evaluation of the FHANTM 2.0 model indicated that it had difficulty in simulating the transport of phosphorus from an agricultural field in Quebec.
Grunhagen, Thijs. "Nutrient transport into intervertebral discs; modelling and electrochemical measurements." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525248.
Full textClark, Jeremy S. C. "Nutrient transport and resistance in downy mildew of pea." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328393.
Full textFoster, Michelle Rebecca. "Placental nutrient transport in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251305.
Full textVaughan, Robert Edward. "Agricultural drainage ditches : soils and implications for nutrient transport." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3244.
Full textThesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Dalwadi, Mohit. "Flow and nutrient transport problems in rotating bioreactor systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d7298b7-cdf5-4240-a79c-b7b69f662c1a.
Full textLannergård, Emma. "Drained land and nutrient transport in the river Svärtaå catchment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69685.
Full textLarrea, Aseginolaza Xabier. "Simulation of nutrient transport and metabolism after intracorneal lens implantation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000277021.
Full textKessler, Alan Christopher Kessler. "tRNA subcellular dynamics dictates modification and nutrient sensing." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1513786086369393.
Full textAbdullah, Norazharuddin Shah Bin. "Mathematical modelling of nutrient transport in bioreactors for bone tissue growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526570.
Full textHoltham, Deborah Anne Lydia. "Enhanced soil structuring beneath white clover and its impact on nutrient transport." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2315.
Full textMir, Rigau Xavier. "Land Use Impact Assessment on the Nutrient Transport in the lake Mälaren." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170450.
Full textStockholm regionen står inför kraftiga urbana förändringar och det förutses att befolkningsökningen kommer att bli den främsta drivkraften för storstadsregionerna kring Mälaren under de kommande årtiondena. En grundlig regional- och stadsplanering behövs för att bygga ett hållbart samhälle och skydda miljön. I detta sammanhang är Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS) användbara verktyg för att skapa framtidsscenarier för hur urbanisering och markanvändningar kommer att påverka ekosystem och vattenresurser. CHANS verktyg möjliggör analys av komplexa mönster och processer som inte framgår tydligt vid separata sociala och naturvetenskapliga studier. Inom CHANS ramverk fokuserar detta examensarbete på hur befolkningstillväxt och markanvändning och de ändringear de medför påverkar ytvattenutsläpp samt näringstransport i Norrström avrinningsområden. I detta avseende studerades olika översiktsplaner av 26 kommuner i Stockholm-Mälardalen regionen för att bygga en markanvändning evolutionmodell fram till 2040. Det studerade scenariot utvärderade konsekvenser av förändringarna i urbaniseringen som beskrivs i de omfattande översiktplanerna på ytvatten och näringsämne transport. Verktyget som användes för att utföra detta examensarbete var PCRaster. Det är ett miljömodelleringsverktyg som tillåter behandling av stora distribuerade data och kan skapa spatiotemporala miljömodeller. I detta avseende fördelades modellen i tre delar. Först erhölls den temporala markanvändningsevolutionen efter uppgifter från kommunala översiktplaner. Därefter beräknades ytvattenutsläppen med CN-metoden. Slutligen byggdes den näringstransportmodellen med hjälp av riktlinjerna från PolFlow modellen och näringsbelastningen från HELCOM och TRK-projektet. Resultaten visar en ökning av de bebyggda stadsområdena från 3,3 % bebyggda under år 2005 till 4,2 % år 2040 för hela Norrström avrinningsområde, som innebär en ökning med 25 % av de bebyggda områdena. Beträffande flödet i ytvattnet visar resultaten en jätteliten ökning av flödet på grund av att det studerade området har en stor skala. Slutligen visar resultaten för näringsämnenstransport en ökning av näringsbelastningen vid utloppet av sjön Mälaren med 20 % kväve och 15 % fosfor.
Shakeel, Muhammad. "Continuum modelling of cell growth and nutrient transport in a perfusion bioreactor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11772/.
Full textMumford, Paul Norman. "Nutrient budgets and transport dynamics in a High Arctic glacier basin, Svalbard." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269383.
Full textGodongwana, Buntu. "Effect of nutrient momentum and mass transport on membrane gradostat reactor efficiency." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2149.
Full textSince the first uses of hollow-fiber membrane bioreactors (MBR’s) to immobilize whole cells were reported in the early 1970’s, this technology has been used in as wide ranging applications as enzyme production to bone tissue engineering. The potential of these devices in industrial applications is often diminished by the large diffusional resistances of the membranes. Currently, there are no analytical studies on the performance of the MBR which account for both convective and diffusive transport. The purpose of this study was to quantify the efficiency of a biocatalytic membrane reactor used for the production of enzymes. This was done by developing exact solutions of the concentration and velocity profiles in the different regions of the membrane bioreactor (MBR). The emphasis of this study was on the influence of radial convective flows, which have generally been neglected in previous analytical studies. The efficiency of the MBR was measured by means of the effectiveness factor. An analytical model for substrate concentration profiles in the lumen of the MBR was developed. The model was based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and Darcy’s law for velocity profiles, and the convective-diffusion equation for the solute concentration profiles. The model allowed for the evaluation of the influence of both hydrodynamic and mass transfer operating parameters on the performance of the MBR. These parameters include the fraction retentate, the transmembrane pressure, the membrane hydraulic permeability, the Reynolds number, the axial and radial Peclet numbers, and the dimensions of the MBR. The significant findings on the hydrodynamic studies were on the influence of the fraction retentate. In the dead-end mode it was found that there was increased radial convective flow, and hence more solute contact with the enzymes/biofilm immobilised on the surface of the membrane. The improved solute-biofilm contact however was only limited to the entrance half of the MBR. In the closed shell mode there was uniform distribution of solute, however, radial convective flows were significantly reduced. The developed model therefore allowed for the evaluation of an optimum fraction retentate value, where both the distribution of solutes and radial convective flows could be maximised.
Hoskins, Tyler Courtney. "Water and nutrient transport dynamics during the irrigation of containerized nursery crops." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48165.
Full textMaster of Science
Kulesza, Stephanie Brooke. "Effects of Manure Injection on Transport and Transformation of Nutrient and Antibiotics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56895.
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Coon, Steven D. "Alterations in electrolyte and nutrient transport during chronic ileal inflammation in rabbits /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203158828655.
Full textVasconcelos, Francisco Rivera. "Efeitos da til?pia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, sobre a biomassa planct?nica e a transpar?ncia da ?gua ao longo de um gradiente de enriquecimento por nutrientes." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14016.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The omnivorous filter-feeding fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), can have negative effects on water quality enhancing the eutrophication process. These effects depend on the nutrient enrichment level in the water. We carried out a mesocosm experiment for five weeks in a tropical man-made lake in Brazil to test ifthe effects of tilapias depend on of the level of nutrient enrichment. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks and a factorial 2x5 experimental design was used where the presence and absence of tilapias were manipulated in combination to 5 different levels of nutrient load in a total of 10 treatments. A two way repeated measure ANOVA was performed to evaluate the effects of time (t), tilapia (F), nutrients (NP) and the interactions among these factors on: chlorophyll a, water transparency, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, N:P ratio, zooplankton biomass and phytoplankton biovolume. The tilapia effect was evident, but nutrient enrichment didn t have any effect on the variables analyzed. Tilapia decreased the water transparency, total zooplankton biomass, calanoid copepod biomass, nauplii copepod biomass and cladocerans biomass. On the other hand, tilapia had no effect on phytoplankton biovolume. This lack of effect on phytoplankton is probably due to tilapia grazing that may counteract the positive effect of tilapia on phytoplankton via trophic cascades and nutrient recycling. Hence, a reduction in tilapia stock would not be an effective way to reduce phytoplankton biomass and improve water quality
A til?pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) ? um peixe on?voro filtrador que pode ter efeitos negativos sobre a qualidade da ?gua favorecendo o processo de eutrofiz??o. Esses efeitos negativos dos peixes on?voros filtradores devem ser dependentes do n?vel de enriquecimento da ?gua por nutrientes. N?s realizamos um experimento em mesocosmos por cinco semanas em um lago artificial tropical para testar se os efeitos das til?pias s?o dependentes do n?vel de enriquecimento por nutrientes. O experimento teve dura??o de 5 semanas e consistiu num delineamento fatorial 2x5 onde 2 n?veis de til?pia (presen?a e aus?ncia) foram manipulados em combina??o com 5 diferentes niveis (aportes) de nutrientes num total de 10 tratamentos.. Uma ANOVA bifatorial com medidas repetidas no tempo foi realizada para testar os efeitos do tempo (t), da til?pia (F) e do nutriente (NP) e os efeitos de suas intera??es sobre a clorofila a, transpar?ncia do disco de Secchi, concentra??o de f?sforo e nitrog?nio total e a raz?o entre eles (N:P), al?m do efeito sobre a biomassa da comunidade zooplanct?nica e o biovolume de fitopl?ncton. O efeito da til?pia foi evidente, enquanto o enriquecimento por nutrientes n?o mostrou efeito algum. Quando presente, a til?pia diminuiu a transpar?ncia do disco de Secchi e a biomassa total do zoopl?ncton, de cop?podos calan?ides, na?plios de cop?podos e de clad?ceros. Por?m, nenhum efeito foi detectado da til?pia sobre o biovolume do fitopl?ncton. Essa aus?ncia de efeito pode ser devido a herbivoria da til?pia que contrabalan?a os seus efeitos positivos via cascata tr?fica e ciclagem de nutrientes. Desta forma, uma redu??o do estoque pesqueiro de til?pias para promover uma melhoria na qualidade da ?gua n?o afetaria a biomassa fitoplanct?nica e consequentemente n?o atingiria o seu objetivo
Jiang, Ying. "Characterization of nutrient transport and transformations downstream of on-site wastewater disposal facilities." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1204.
Full textShepherd, Barry. "The application of remotely sensed data to a catchment-scale nutrient transport model." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29844.
Full textPaula, Joana D'arc de. "Aporte, transporte e decomposição de liteira em igarapés da bacia amazônica." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2163.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana D'Arc de Paula.pdf: 2958755 bytes, checksum: 8a5b9ee4dc39e0c4602a466f580f63b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The allochthnous organic matter (OM) is the main energy source in aquatic forested ecosystems. When entering streams it can be retained and be kept stored. And it is in its retention and afterwards decomposition that it will occur the chain between primary consumers and its food source. The geological structure of the Amazon Basin results in a mosaic of distinct geochemical formations, which determines differences that allows the occurrence of soil fertility gradients and rainfall at the forest. But, these gradients will be also reflected into the contribution, transport and decomposition of the organic matter in headwater streams of Amazon Basin? Based on this it was formulated the following hypothesis: is the dynamics of organic matter in headwater streams of the Amazon Basin influenced by the soil fertility gradients and rainfall. To test the hypothesis there were collected samples from OM lateral contribution, experiments of leaf transportation and leaf decomposition and it was performed samples of storage organic matter and Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in transport, simultaneously there were collected soil and water samples to characterize the streams and their soil fertility. Experiments and samples were collected along 90 days, in 16 headwater streams distributed in a soil fertility gradient and rainfall. The thesis was formatted in 4 chapters. In each one, the following hypothesis were tested: chapter 1) Differences into the soil characteristics and rainfall reflect into differences in quantity and quality of the input litter the low order streams of Amazon Basin; chapter 2) Headwater streams of Amazon Basin present high retentiveness influenced by local factors as well as local rainfall and soil fertility; 3) The concentration of dissolved nutrients into the headwater streams water throughout Amazon Basin is distinct reflecting into the soil fertility gradients and rainfall, resulting in different decomposition times; and chapter 4) The fertility of the soil and rainfall of Amazon Basin promote distinction of the fractions distribution of organic matter coarse particulate, fine particulate and dissolved (DOC). The quality and quantity of litter that enter laterally into the low order streams of Amazon Basin showed been influenced by soil fertility, soil texture and rainfall. The streams presented high retentiveness that was explained by the channel characteristics as obstacles frequency and free water column, factors influenced by rainfall patterns. The decomposition time between the studied species was distinct, and it was due to the characteristics of the species and location; differences between locations were due to the soil fertility patterns and rainfall. It was observed a high stock of OM on the streambed and also that less than 50% of carbon has been really computed when considered only the fraction of fine particulate organic and DOC, and that studies that include the coarse particulate carbon storage into the streambed of the streams allow more accurate estimates of the carbon concentration in aquatic ecosystems, enabling the extrapolation of results obtained in terms of the global carbon balance. Therefore the rainfall and soil fertility gradients explain not only the dynamic diversity of arboreal species but also the dynamic of the dead organic matter in headwater streams at the Basin. However, it is important to highlight that these results are stillxiii preliminary, and more studies that provide even better verification of seasonality are needed in the region. Still, in view of the extensive drainage network and high input values of organic matter in headwaters streams, the high retention capacity of these streams, as well as the different stages of decomposition, promoting high concentrations of carbon stored in fractions streambed, we can say that the maintenance of the integrity of the water bodies of low-order has fundamental source importance to these ecosystems, allowing the maintenance of long food webs present in them.
A matéria orgânica (MO) alóctone é a principal fonte de energia em ecossistemas aquáticos florestados. Ao entrar em riachos ela pode ser retida e se manter estocada. E é na retenção desta e subsequente decomposição que ocorrerá o elo entre consumidores primários e sua fonte de alimento. A estrutura geológica da Bacia Amazônica resulta em um mosaico de distintas formações geoquímicas, determinando diferenças que permitem a ocorrência de gradientes de fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade, na floresta. Mas esses gradientes serão também refletidos no aporte, transporte e decomposição de matéria orgânica nos riachos de cabeceira da Bacia Amazônica? Baseado nisso formulamos a seguinte hipótese: a dinâmica da matéria orgânica em riachos de cabeceira da Bacia Amazônica é influenciada pelos gradientes de fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade. Para que a hipótese fosse testada foram realizadas coletas de aporte lateral de MO, experimentos de transporte foliar e decomposição foliar e realizadas coletas de matéria orgânica estocada e carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) em transporte, concomitantemente foram coletadas amostras de solo e água para caracterização dos riachos e da fertilidade do solo. Experimentos e coletas foram realizados ao longo de 90 dias, em 16 riachos de cabeceira, distribuídos em um gradiente de fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade. A tese foi formatada em 4 capítulos. Em cada um testamos as seguintes hipóteses: capítulo 1) Diferenças nas características do solo e pluviosidade se refletem em diferenças na quantidade e qualidade da liteira que entra em riachos de baixa ordem da Bacia Amazônica; capítulo 2) Riachos de cabeceira da Bacia Amazônica apresentam alta retentividade influenciada por fatores locais assim como pela pluviosidade local e fertilidade do solo; 3) A concentração dos nutrientes dissolvidos na água dos riachos de cabeceira, ao longo da Bacia Amazônica, é distinta, refletindo os gradientes de fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade, resultando em diferentes tempos de decomposição; e capítulo 4) A fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade da Bacia Amazônica promovem distinções da distribuição das frações de matéria orgânica particulada grossa, particulada fina e COD. A qualidade e quantidade da liteira que entra lateralmente nos riachos de baixa ordem da Bacia Amazônica se mostrou influenciada pela fertilidade do solo, textura do solo e pluviosidade. Os riachos apresentaram alta retentividade que foi explicada pelas características do canal, como frequência de obstáculos e coluna de água livre, fatores influenciados pelos padrões de pluviosidade e fertilidade do solo. O tempo de decomposição entre as espécies estudadas foi distinto, o que se deveu às caracteríticas das espécies e das localidades; diferenças entre localidades foram decorrentes dos padrões de fertilidade do solo e pluviosidade. Foi observado um alto estoque de MO no leito e observado que menos de 50% do carbono tem sido realmente computado quando levados em consideração apenas as frações de carbono orgânico particulado fino e COD, e que trabalhos que incluam o carbono orgânico particulado grosso estocado no leito de riachos permitem estimativas mais precisas das concentrações de carbono em ecossistemas aquáticos, viabilizando a extrapolação dos resultados obtidos em termos do balanço global de carbono. Assim os gradientes de pluviosidade e fertilidade do solo explicam não só a dinâmica e diversidade de espécies arbóreas como também podem explicar a dinâmica da matéria orgânica morta em riachos de cabeceira na Bacia. Mas, é importante salientar que estes resultados são ainda preliminares, e que mais estudos que possibilitem inclusive umaxi melhor verificação da sazonalidade são necessários na região. Ainda assim, tendo em vista a extensa rede de drenagem e os altos valores de entrada de matéria orgânica nos riachos de cabeceira, a alta capacidade de retenção desses riachos, bem como os diferentes tempos de decomposição, promovendo altas concentrações de frações de carbono estocadas no leito, podemos dizer que a manutenção da integridade dos corpos de água de baixa ordem é de fundamental importância energética para esses ecossistemas, permitindo a manutenção das longas teias alimentares neles presentes.
Hutchinson, Kelly Ann. "Assessing the Effect of Exercise During Pregnancy on Myokine Response and Placental Growth and Function In Vitro." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39808.
Full textWei, Julia Jia. "Maternal mood during pregnancy, methyl nutrient metabolism, and serotonin transporter." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/35857.
Full textValle, Sandra Costa. "Receptor insulin-like e transporte de nutrientes energéticos em Neohelice granulata : sazonalidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14913.
Full textEastman, Mark 1982. "Field-scale nutrient transport monitoring and modeling of subsurface and naturally drained agricultural lands." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112620.
Full textFour sites located in the Pike River watershed of southern Quebec were instrumented to monitor nutrient losses from both clay loam and sandy loam soils under both subsurface and naturally drained conditions. Results illustrate how the presence of subsurface drainage influences phosphorus loss depending on soil texture and structure. Total phosphorus loss from the clay loam subsurface drained site was 4.0 kg ha-1, 55% greater than the naturally drained clay loam site. Total phosphorus loss from the sandy loam subsurface drained site was 1.2 kg ha-1, 14% less than the naturally drained sandy loam site. Total phosphorus losses from the subsurface drainage systems in the clay loam field and the sandy loam field were 2.3 and 0.4 kg ha-1, respectively. Particulate phosphorus was the dominant (78%) form of phosphorus loss from the subsurface drainage system at the clay loam site. This indicates that bypass flow through the soil profile in the clay loam field led to excessive total phosphorus loss.
SWAT, a watershed-scale model was calibrated with over 6 site years of data, in an attempt to simulate hydrology and pollutant transport at the field-scale. After calibration, the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency varied from 0.09 to 0.74 for total drainage; 0.04 to 0.71 for sediment loading; 0.29 to 0.48 for nitrate loads and 0.28 to 0.64 for total phosphorus loads. Overall, SWAT has shown that it has the ability to simulate long-term sediment and nutrient transport at the field-scale. This makes SWAT a valuable tool for the development and evaluation of various beneficial management practices which control sediment and nutrient loss from agricultural fields.
Reay, William Glendon. "Estuarine sediment nutrient exchange : the importance of physical transport mechanisms and benthic micro-communities /." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07122007-103937/.
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