Journal articles on the topic 'Transport of nutrients, heavy metals, and contaminants'
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Shilev, Stefan, Mladen Naydenov, Nurettin Tahsin, Enrique D. Sancho, Manuel Benlloch, Ventsislava Vancheva, Krasimira Sapundjieva, and Jordanka Kuzmanova. "EFFECT OF EASILY BIODEGRADABLE AMENDMENTS ON HEAVY METAL SOLUBILIZATION AND ACCUMULATION IN TECHNICAL CROPS ‐ A FIELD TRIAL." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636936.
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Heavy‐metal soil pollution is a common environmental problem all over the world. In the induced phytoextraction process plants can transport and translocate to their above‐ground tissues significant concentration of contaminants. Since some heavy metals are mostly presented in non‐soluble state, the application of chelating agents is needed. In this study we introduced into the rhizosphere of maize (var. Kneja 530) and sunflower (var. Favorit) plants 1 and 5 mmol l−1 of EDDS and NTA, and 5 g kg−1 of nutrients to enhance the accumulated concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc. The fraction of CaCl2‐extractable metals increased incrementing the concentration of chelates. This was clearly pronounced for all the metals in the treatments with NTA and for Pb in those with EDDS. Generally, under all the experimental conditions the accumulated heavy‐metal concentrations were found to be significantly higher than in the control. Thus, in the case of higher concentration of NTA and EDDS, the accumulated Cd in the leaves of sunflower was found to be threefold higher. The highest accumulation of Pb in the leaves of maize was observed when nutrients were added (62 mg kg−1). On the other hand, negative effects of the used chelating agents on soil bacteria and fungi at plant harvest were not observed. Moreover, when nutrients were added, the number of studied microorganisms significantly increased.
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Saifur, Sumaiya, and Courtney M. Gardner. "Loading, transport, and treatment of emerging chemical and biological contaminants of concern in stormwater." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 12 (May 13, 2021): 2863–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.187.
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Abstract Stormwater is a largely uncontrolled source of pollution in rural and urban environments across the United States. Concern regarding the growing diversity and abundance of pollutants in stormwater, as well as their impacts on water quality, has grown significantly over the past several decades. In addition to conventional contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, stormwater is a well-documented source of many contaminants of emerging concern, which can be toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms and remain a barrier to maintaining high quality water resources. Chemical pollutants like pharmaceuticals and personal care products, industrial pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and tire wear particles in stormwater are of great concern due to their toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Emerging microbial contaminants such as pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes also represent significant threats to environmental water quality and human health. Knowledge regarding the transport, behavior, and the remediation capacity of these pollutants in runoff is key for addressing these pollutants in situ and minimizing ecosystem perturbations. To this end, this review paper will analyze current understanding of these contaminants in stormwater runoff in terms of their transport, behavior, and bioremediation potential.
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Nour, M. H., D. W. Smith, M. Gamal El-Din, and E. E. Prepas. "Neural networks modelling of streamflow, phosphorus, and suspended solids: application to the Canadian Boreal forest." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 10 (May 1, 2006): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.302.
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Sediment has long been identified as an important vector for the transport of nutrients and contaminants such as heavy metals and microorganisms. The respective nutrient loading to water bodies can potentially lead to dissolved oxygen depletion, cyanobacteria toxin production and ultimately eutrophication. This study proposed an artificial neural network (ANN) modelling algorithm that relies on low cost readily available meteorological data for simulating streamflow (Q), total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, and total phosphorus (TP) concentration. The models were applied to a 130-km2 watershed in the Canadian Boreal Plain. Our results demonstrated that through careful manipulation of time series analysis and rigorous optimization of ANN configuration, it is possible to simulate Q, TSS, and TP reasonably well. R2 values exceeding 0.89 were obtained for all modelled data cases. The proposed models can provide real time predictions of the modelled parameters, can answer questions related to the impact of climate change scenarios on water quantity and quality, and can be implemented in water resources management through Monte Carlo simulations.
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Hidayanti, Nuril. "MEKANISME FISIOLOGIS TUMBUHAN HIPERAKUMULATOR LOGAM BERAT = Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulator Plant Physiology Mechanism." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v14i2.1424.
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One approach to remediate toxic metal pollutants is phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants. These plant species are able to accumulate high concentrations of metal ions without suffering fromyield reduction as a result of metal toxicity. Physiological studies showed that metal hyperaccumulation in particular plant species is regulated by multiple pathways and genes controlling metal uptake,accumulation, and tolerance. Currently, research and development on hyperaccumulator plants are progressing in at least seven focus areas: (1) Improving plant root system for higher penetration capacity and more efficient pollutant extraction from heterogeneous contaminated soils, (2) Altering plant’s rhizosphere for secreting various enzymes to enhance extraction, (3) Improving short distance transport systems for nutrients and toxic elements in roots (4) Enhancing mobility of metalsfrom roots up to shoots. (5) Improving long-distance transport of metals, (6) Maximizing capacity of physical sinks such as subcellular vacuoles and epidermal cells and (7) hypertolerance mechanismsto resist the cytotoxic effects of the accumulated metals. Current trends in phytoremediation research are focus at genetic and molecular level. Research objectives in this area include: understanding bio-pathways involved in contaminant degradation and sequestration, identifying specific genes involved in phytoremediation processes, investigating cell signaling pathways that affect genetic expression of plant enzymes, analyzing and identifying root exudates components and chemical fingerprinting to assess phytoremediation effects at specific sites. Keywords: hyperaccumulator, phytoextraction, phytoremediation, heavy metalsAbstrakSalah satu pendekatan untuk memulihkan polutan logam beracun adalah phytoextraction menggunakan tanaman hiperakumulator . Jenis tanaman ini mampu mengakumulasi konsentrasitinggi ion logam tanpa mengalami penurunan hasil akibat keracunan logam. Studi fisiologis menunjukkan bahwa hyperaccumulator logam dalam spesies tanaman tertentu diatur oleh beberapajalur dan gen mengendalikan serapan, akumulasi , dan toleransi logam. Saat ini, penelitian dan pengembangan tanaman hiperakumulator mengalami kemajuan dalam setidaknya tujuh bidangfokus: (1) Meningkatkan sistem perakaran tanaman untuk kapasitas penetrasi yang lebih tinggi dan ekstraksi polutan lebih efisien dari tanah yang terkontaminasi, (2) Mengubah rizosfir tanaman untukmengekstrak berbagai enzim guna meningkatkan ekstraksi, (3) Meningkatkan sistem transportasi jarak pendek untuk nutrisi dan unsur-unsur beracun dalam akar, (4) Meningkatkan mobilitas logamdari akar hingga pucuk, (5) Meningkatkan transportasi jarak jauh dari logam, (6) Memaksimalkan kapasitas tenggelam fisik seperti vakuola subselular, sel-sel epidermis, dan (7) Mekanisme hypertolerance untuk melawan efek sitotoksik dari logam akumulasi . Saat ini kecenderungan dalam penelitian fitoremediasi adalah fokus pada tingkat genetik dan molekuler. Tujuan penelitian di bidangini meliputi: pemahaman bio - jalur yang terlibat dalam degradasi kontaminan dan penyerapan , mengidentifikasi gen tertentu yang terlibat dalam proses fitoremediasi , menyelidiki jalur sinyal selyang mempengaruhi ekspresi genetik dari enzim tanaman , menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi eksudat akar komponen dan sidik jari kimia untuk menilai fitoremediasi efek pada situs tertentuKata Kunci: hiperakumulator, phytoextraction, fitoremediasi, logam berat
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Khan, Anisa B., and Umar Nazir Bhat. "Heavy Metals: An Ambiguous Category of Inorganic Contaminants, Nutrients and Toxins." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2011.682.690.
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Jagodzińska, Marta, and Marcin Rydzek. "Environmental impact of heavy metals from means of transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.127.
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The article describes and assesses the impact of heavy metals emit-ted by means of transport on the environment. It was presented which of the means of transport emits the most contaminants. The relation between heavy metal emission and toxic impact on the environment was shown, in this context the health risk assessment was also made.
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Hung, Tran Trong, Tran Anh Tu, Dang Thuong Huyen, and Marc Desmet. "Presence of trace elements in sediment of Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13543.
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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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Ma, Fu Rong. "Consideration on the Research of Coupling Models for Heavy Metal Contaminants Transport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1026.
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Aiming at the characteristics of the deformation , loaded on the landfill, the bottom layer of tailing and the uncertainty and ambiguity of metals transport, recent development is analysed on China and abroad about the model of the contaminant transport and the heavy metals transport considering on the consolidation deformation. According to the analysis, the shortage is pointed out. When the coupling model of heavy metals transport is analysed, the nonlinear and the heterogeneousness of the coupling model of heavy metals transport based on the consolidation deformation must be considered, especially the model of heavy metals transport based on the consolidation deformation and the calculation method are established in special soils (such as expansive soil, the red clay etc.), which is the research emphasis and the development direction.
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Fatrcová-Šramková, Katarína, and Janka Nôžková. "Bee Pollen – Nutritional and Toxicological Aspects." Archives of Ecotoxicology 1, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2019.1.4.41-47.
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Pollen contains nutritional elements – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, trace elements. The pollen contains also important amount of polyphenolic compounds, primarily antioxidants. Because the pollen is rich in nutrients, honeybee-collected pollen is recommended as a dietary supplement. The product can be used as dietary supplements to enrich food with valuable nutrients performing important functions in the human body. Pollen is a bee product affected by contaminants of various origins. In addition to important nutrients, it may also contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health. May be contaminated from air and soil by heavy metals and pesticides.
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Mohammadi Galangash, Mohsen, Mostafa Mahdavianpour, and Samira Ghafouri Safa. "Characterization of an Industrial Sewage Sludge and Its Evaluation for Land Application." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.12.5.536.1.
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Background: Sewage treatment leads to the production of large amount of sludge, containing organic matter and nutrients and considering requirements for recycling could be used as fertilizer. The sludge may also contain various pollutants that pose serious harm to human health and the environment. This study aimed at characterizing the industrial sewage sludge and evaluating its capability as fertilizer with no or a minor pretreatment. Methods: The sludge’s organic matter and nutrient contents, heavy metals, organic and microbial contaminants were determined and compared to literature data and international guidelines. Results: The organic matter, nutrients, phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium contents of the sludge samples were significantly high as follows: 33.6 ± 2.85 %, 6.29 ± 0.16 %, 1.41± 0.01 % and 1.236 g/kg, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals was 94.3 ± 59.5 mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals, organic contaminants, such as PCBs, BTEX, and PAHs, and microbial contents (coliforms & E. coli) were lower than those reported by other studies. Toluene concentration was high. Conclusions: All characteristics of the sludge samples, except for the toluene and microbial contaminations, were acceptable for its use as land fertilizer. Both toluene and microbial contaminants can be removed, using thermal conditioning as a pretreatment.
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Dubé, Jean-Sébastien, Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Thierry Winiarski. "Heavy metal transport in soil contaminated by residual light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-113.
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This paper presents an experimental study on mixed soil contamination, more specifically on heavy metal behaviour in soil contaminated by residual non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Remediation of mixed contaminated sites is a complex technical goal because of the presence of physically and chemically different contaminants and potential interactions between them. Commonly encountered contaminants in mixed contaminated soils include light and dense organic liquids (LNAPLs, DNAPLs) and heavy metals. This study investigated interactions between three residual LNAPLs and three heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb) in a carbonated soil. The objectives of the study were to (i) establish the presence of interactive processes in the behaviour of the contaminants, with a focus on the influence of residual LNAPL on heavy metal transport and retention; and (ii) determine the nature of these interactions. Results showed that the LNAPL having the highest residual saturation enhanced heavy metal mobility and decreased heavy metal retention by the soil. On the other hand, the geochemical distribution of heavy metals was not significantly modified by chemical interactions with the residual LNAPLs. Specific modifications of Pb and Cu geochemical distributions rather appeared to be the result of modifications of soil hydrodynamics by residual LNAPL.Key words: contaminated soil, mixed contamination, heavy metals, LNAPL, preferential flow, contaminant mobility.
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RUSSO, R., A. LO VOI, A. DE SIMONE, F. P. SERPE, A. ANASTASIO, T. PEPE, D. CACACE, and L. SEVERINO. "Heavy Metals in Canned Tuna from Italian Markets." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-346.
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Fish is a good source of nutrients for humans but can pose a risk to human health because of the possible presence of some xenobiotics such as heavy metals and persistent organic contaminants. Constant monitoring is needed to minimize health risks and ensure product quality and consumer safety. The aim of the present study was to use atomic absorption spectrometry to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Hg, Pb, and Cd) in tuna packaged in different kinds of packages (cans or glass) in various countries (Italy and elsewhere). Concentrations of Cd and Hg were within the limits set by European Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 and in many samples were below the detection limit. Pb concentrations exceeded European limits in 9.8% of the analyzed samples. These results are reassuring in terms of food safety but highlighted the need to constantly monitor the concentrations of heavy metals in fish products that could endanger consumer health.
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Barchiesi, Francesca, Raffaella Branciari, Mario Latini, Rossana Roila, Giuseppe Lediani, Giovanni Filippini, Giampiero Scortichini, Arianna Piersanti, Elena Rocchegiani, and David Ranucci. "Heavy Metals Contamination in Shellfish: Benefit-Risk Evaluation in Central Italy." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111720.
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Seafood is a source of nutrients in human diet but also of environmental contaminants and its consumption could pose a risk to consumers’ health. A survey regarding the exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury through the consumption of bivalve mollusks, gastropods and sea urchins collected on Italian coasts was carried out among central Italian population over a period of three years. A limited number of samples exceeds the threshold set by legislation (6 samples) and the average level of contamination was low in all the species considered. The contribution Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was higher for cadmium (9.17%) than lead (1.44%) and mercury (0.20%). The benefit-risk evaluation suggests that the bivalve mollusks and sea urchins consumption (Benefit Risk Quotient < 1) could be increased without health detrimental effects.
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Andersen, Helle Vang, Jesper Kjølholt, Christian Poll, Steen Øgaard Dahl, Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, Finn Pedersen, and Estelle Bjørnestad. "Environmental risk assessment of surface water and sediments in Copenhagen harbour." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0761.
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The environmental risk assessment of Holmen, a former naval base, included characterisation of the sediments with regard to pollution with xenobiotics, heavy metals, nutrients and bacteria, and ecotoxicity. A simple hydraulic model was established, and the release of substances from the sediment to the water was assessed. Sediment biotests with Corophium volutator and porewater biotests with Skeletonema costatum and Acartia tonsa were conducted. The sediment was characterised as strongly contaminated in the major parts of the investigated area. Based on the application of the acid volatile sulfide method it was concluded that practically none of the heavy metals were bioavailable. Both the sediment and the porewater from a number of stations were toxic. The toxicity did not appear to be attributable to the content of heavy metals, more likely to other contaminants. Furthermore, the sediment, which has served as a sink for accumulation of contaminants over a period of many years, also may constitute a source of contamination due to potential release of heavy metals and xenobiotics from the sediment to the water in some areas. The release appears to give rise to concentrations above the EU Water Quality Objectives at some stations.
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Shanableh, Abdallah, and Pushpa Ginige. "Impact of metals bioleaching on the nutrient value of biological nutrient removal biosolids." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (March 1, 1999): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0292.
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The biosolids industry in Australia is evolving around the beneficial use of biosolids as a resource. Phosphorus rich biosolids from biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities are highly desirable for land application. However, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals and industrial organic contaminants may render the biosolids unsuitable for land application. The presence of toxic heavy metals has been identified by Local Authorities in Australia as a major constraint limiting the beneficial use of biosolids. The potential of off-site contamination due to the migration of nutrients is also a major concern especially when applying biosolids to acidic agricultural land. Accordingly, the relevant environment protection and conservation agencies are involved in either developing or finalising guidelines to control the beneficial use of biosolids products. Metals bioleaching is a process achieved through bio-acidification. Bio-acidification of biosolids prior to land application can be used to dissolve and remove a significant fraction of the heavy metals content of the product. However, the process also reduces the nutrients content of the resource. Bio-acidification of Loganholme (Queensland) BNR biosolids dissolved 76% of the total phosphorus and 38% of the TKN. The heavy metals solubilisation results reached 50% for Cr, 79% for Ni, 45% for Zn, 24% for Cu, 30% for Cd, and 82% for Pb.
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Crisosto, Carlos H., R. Scott Johnson, Kevin R. Day, Bob Beede, and Harry Andris. "Contaminants and Injury Induce Inking on Peaches and Nectarines." Plant Health Progress 1, no. 1 (January 2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2000-0625-01-rs.
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After 3 years of study, we have demonstrated that physical injury combined with contamination cause skin discoloration, called inking, on peaches and nectarines. Abrasion damage releases anthocyanin/phenolic pigments, which are located in the skin cells, allowing the reaction of these pigments with the heavy-metal contaminants. We found that iron, copper and aluminum were the most deleterious contaminants of those studied in inducing inking on abraded fruit. Approximately 10 ppm iron was enough to induce inking at the physiological fruit pH (~3.5). This contamination can occur within 15 days before harvest, or during harvest or packing operations. Foliar-nutrient, fungicide and insecticide preharvest sprays may act as sources of contamination for inking development, depending on the preharvest application interval. To reduce inking incidence, we have developed safe preharvest application intervals that yield low inking incidence benomyl for iprodione (Rovral), triforine (Funginex), vinclozolin (Ronilan DF) (Benlate) and certain foliar nutrients containing heavy metals. Posted 25 June 2000.
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Adeyemo, Josiah, Folasade Adeyemo, and Fred Otieno. "Assessment of Pollutant Loads of Runoff in Pretoria, South Africa." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010070101.
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Pollutants in stormwater are detrimental to the receiving water bodies. The study of pollutants in stormwater is important to know the appropriate management techniques to remove these pollutants. This paper presents an explorative study of runoff in Pretoria, South Africa. Common pollutants in stormwater are studied to determine their correlation with total suspended solids found in four different sites in Pretoria. The metals are strongly correlated with total suspended solids. It is suggested that treatment of pollutants by treating or removing solids may be extended to other heavy metals and nutrients to improve stormwater quality. In this study, some contaminants are identified to be associated with traffic volume. In this paper, the authors suggest that efforts should be made nationally and internationally to redesign vehicular products to eliminate the traffic contaminants in stormwater.
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Mattina, Mary Jane Incorvia, William Iannucci-Berger, Brian D. Eitzer, and Jason C. White. "Rhizotron Study of Cucurbitaceae: Transport of Soil-Bound Chlordane and Heavy Metal Contaminants Differs with Genera." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2004): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04048.
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Environmental Context. Many pesticides are difficult to remove from the soil, and remain as persistent pollutants. Some plant species can extract these pollutants from the soil and thereby degrade them, leading to a potential plant-based soil remediation technology. This study examines how plants extract an enduring organic pollutant (chlordane) and heavy metals (zinc, cadmium) from the soil, where they are processed in the plant, and what end-products are generated. Abstract. Two Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucumis sativus L., were grown in rhizotrons containing soil contaminated with heavy metals and highly weathered chlordane residues. This experimental scheme allowed in situ access to several portions of the soil/plant system. In the root exudates, concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) collected from both genera were detected consistently in the order malic > citric > succinic. Xylem sap was collected from severed plant stems over recorded time segments. Chlordane components and elemental analytes in the sap showed distinct, consistent differences between C. pepo L. and C. sativus L. with regard to chlordane flux, enantiomeric fractions of chlordane components, and heavy metal content. This is the first detailed report of patterns of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the contiguous compartments of soil, whole root tissue, xylem sap, and aerial tissue.
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Jesse, Samuel D., and Paul C. Davidson. "Treatment of Post-Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater (PHWW) for Heavy Metals, Nutrients, and Indicator Pathogens." Water 11, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040854.
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Recycling post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) may allow the use of nutrients in the aqueous phase that may otherwise go unused. PHWW is an attractive option for use as fertilizer in systems like crop production. However, there are potential contaminants in the PHWW that may inhibit crop growth or pose a food safety risk. This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients in the PHWW, as well as the presence of indicator pathogens. In addition, four different water treatment methods were used: (1) dilution of raw PHWW, (2) sand filtration after dilution, (3) sand and carbon filtration after dilution, and (4) reverse osmosis after dilution. Our results indicate that the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and arsenic in raw PHWW were well below the maximum recommended concentrations set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for Water Reuse. In addition, the treatment methods in this study achieved percent removals ranging from 82–100% for cadmium, 99–100% for mercury, 75–99.5% for lead, and 71–99% for arsenic. Nitrogen in raw PHWW was predominantly in the total N form, preventing it from being accessible to plants. After nitrification was induced, the concentration of NO3 + NO2 increased by 1.75 mg/L in the untreated 5% PHWW mixture, but remained unchanged or decreased for all other treatments and mixtures. There were no E. coli or coliform colonies detected in the raw PHWW, or in any PHWW mixtures. All PHWW mixtures with and without treatment are within US EPA guidelines for metals for irrigation water reuse. However, fertilizer supplementation may be required for PHWW to be suitable for crop production, as the low concentrations of NO3 + NO2 may prove challenging for growing crops.
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Kuriata-Potasznik, Angela, Sławomir Szymczyk, and Dorota Pilejczyk. "Effect of bottom sediments on the nutrient and metal concentration in macrophytes of river-lake systems." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 54 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2017028.
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Water bodies of river-lake systems can act as barriers in the movement of nutrients and toxic heavy metals outside their water catchment area. These components can be suspended in the water column, deposited in bottom sediments or bioaccumulated by the vegetation in the water body. A constant exchange of substances takes place between bottom sediments and macrophytes. The composition of bottom sediments and their distribution affects the intensity of nutrients and metals assimilation by macrophytes in the river-lake systems. The aim of research was to analyse the effect of bottom sediments on the nutrients and metal content in macrophytes. It was demonstrated that tissues of plants anchored in sediments that were more abundant in nutrients had higher contents of biogenic components and heavy metals. The properties of bottom sediments, mainly their granulometric composition, but also organic matter content and pH, determine the content of biogenes and heavy metals in macrophytes to a significant extent. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that aquatic plants could affect the grain size in the sediments. Macrophytes and sediments of river-lake systems play a very important role in reducing the transport of nutrients outside the area of the system, through capturing and incorporating them into the tissues of aquatic plants.
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Maturi, Kranti, and Krishna R. Reddy. "Cosolvent-enhanced Desorption and Transport of Heavy Metals and Organic Contaminants in Soils during Electrokinetic Remediation." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 189, no. 1-4 (December 5, 2007): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9568-9.
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Braglia, Roberto, Lorenza Rugnini, Sara Malizia, Francesco Scuderi, Enrico Luigi Redi, Antonella Canini, and Laura Bruno. "Exploiting the Potential in Water Cleanup from Metals and Nutrients of Desmodesmus sp. and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071461.
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Increasing levels of freshwater contaminants, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, have resulted in a great deal of interest in finding new eco-friendly, cost-effective and efficient methods for remediating polluted waters. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of using a green microalga Desmodesmus sp., a cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. and a hemicryptophyte Ampelodesmos mauritanicus to bioremediate a water polluted with an excess of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and heavy metals (copper and nickel). We immediately determined that Nostoc sp. was sensitive to metal toxicity, and thus Desmodesmus sp. was chosen for sequential tests with A. mauritanicus. First, A. mauritanicus plants were grown in the ‘polluted’ culture medium for seven days and were, then, substituted by Desmodesmus sp. for a further seven days (14 days in total). Heavy metals were shown to negatively affect both the growth rates and nutrient removal capacity. The sequential approach resulted in high metal removal rates in the single metal solutions up to 74% for Cu and 85% for Ni, while, in the bi-metal solutions, the removal rates were lower and showed a bias for Cu uptake. Single species controls showed better outcomes; however, further studies are necessary to investigate the behavior of new species.
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Ferronato, Chiara, Gilmo Vianello, and Livia Vittori Antisari. "Adsorption of pathogenic microorganisms, NH4+ and heavy metals from wastewater by clinoptilolite using bed laminar flow." Clay Minerals 50, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2015.050.1.01.
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AbstractThe contamination of water bodies in urban areas is a serious problem, which may increase when wastewater is discharged without complete remediation. Due to their high adsorption capacity and ion-exchange properties, zeolites, such as clinoptilolite, can be used successfully to detoxify the wastewater before discharging it into the water body. In this study, experimental use of clinoptilolite is presented for water remediation. A static flow (A) and a laminar flow (B) method were applied in order to evaluate the efficiency of clinoptilolite for reducing different contaminants in the outflow wastewater of an old municipal treatment plant in Bologna District (Northern Italy). Mesocosm experiments were performed in order to achieve reduction of the microbial faecal indicators and of the excess nutrients and heavy metals in the effluent. During the experiments, pathogenic microorganisms, ammonium and heavy metals were reduced by as much as between 78 and 95% within 24 h, highlighting the great efficiency of this low-cost material for water remediation.
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Shafiquzzaman, Md, Husnain Haider, Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw, Fawaz Alharbi, Saleem S. AlSaleem, and Meshal Almoshaogeh. "Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments." Water 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020460.
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Sustainable reuse of urban stormwater is inevitable in the fight against water crises in arid regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ceramic filtration process for reuse applications of urban stormwater. Stormwater was collected from a storage pond located in Buraydah (Qassim, Saudi Arabia) for laboratory experiments. The filtration tests were performed in a continuous mode with constant pressure using a low-cost ceramic filter made of clay soil and rice bran. The removal rates of the contaminants (heavy metals) as well as the turbidity, suspended solids, and nutrients of the stormwater were assessed. High removal efficiencies for turbidity (97.4%), suspended solids (97.0%), BOD5 (78.4%), and COD (76.1%) were achieved while low removals were achieved for the nutrients: 19.7% for total nitrogen, 25.3% for nitrate, and 8.6% for phosphate. Removal efficiencies ranged between 36.2% and 99.9% for the heavy metals, i.e., iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, selenium, and barium. Contaminant removal rates observed for the ceramic filter were also compared with the alum coagulation process operated in a continuous mode at an optimum alum dose of 50 mg/L. Similar removal behaviors for removal of turbidity, suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals suggested that both ceramic filtration and alum coagulation can be effectively used for stormwater treatment. Effluent qualities of both the ceramic filter and alum coagulation met the standards, for recycling/reuse of wastewater, set by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and World Health Organization for unrestricted irrigation and toilet flushing. The study results revealed that ceramic filtration is a low-cost, energy efficient, and easy to maintain technology which can be complimentary to best management practices for stormwater.
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Luo, Ting, Brenda K. C. Chan, and Rui Yong Wang. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Selection of Plant Species." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.572.
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Contamination of heavy metals in soil has raised potential long term environmental and health concerns due to its accumulation and possibility of entering the food chain. Being cost effective and simple operation, phytoremediation is seen as an emerging technology and promising solution to remediate polluted soils. In recent years, great effort has been concentrated on screening a variety of hyperaccumulators. This paper evaluates four plant species Solanumnigrum L.PterismultifidaPois, Pterisvittata L and Brassicajuncea grown under different heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) concentration in greenhouse pot trial. From pot experiment, the mobility of contaminants (Cd and Zn) in soil were reduced by being concentrated and absorbed onto root tissues and stems in Solanumnigrum L. and Brassicajuncea whereas Cu and Pb were stabilized in the root tissues of all four plant species. The different transport phenomena towards different contaminants and the phytostablization ability makes these four plants suitable pioneer species in remediation and revegetation in abandoned copper, lead and zinc mine.
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Hasselberg, Astrid Elise, Laura Wessels, Inger Aakre, Felix Reich, Amy Atter, Matilda Steiner-Asiedu, Samuel Amponsah, Johannes Pucher, and Marian Kjellevold. "Composition of nutrients, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiological quality in processed small indigenous fish species from Ghana: Implications for food security." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): e0242086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242086.
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The triple burden of malnutrition is an incessant issue in low- and middle-income countries, and fish has the potential to mitigate this burden. In Ghana fish is a central part of the diet, but data on nutrients and contaminants in processed indigenous fish species, that are often eaten whole, are missing. Samples of smoked, dried or salted Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), Brachydeuterus auritus (bigeye grunt), Sardinella aurita (round sardinella), Selene dorsalis (African moonfish), Sierrathrissa leonensis (West African (WA) pygmy herring) and Tilapia spp. (tilapia) were collected from five different regions in Ghana. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (crude protein, fat, fatty acids, several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements), microbiological quality (microbial loads of total colony counts, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella), and contaminants (PAH4 and heavy metals). Except for tilapia, the processed small fish species had the potential to significantly contribute to the nutrient intakes of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. High levels of iron, mercury and lead were detected in certain fish samples, which calls for further research and identification of anthropogenic sources along the value chains. The total cell counts in all samples were acceptable; Salmonella was not detected in any sample and E. coli only in one sample. However, high numbers of coliform bacteria were found. PAH4 in smoked samples reached high concentrations up to 1,300 μg/kg, but in contrast salted tilapia samples had a range of PAH4 concentration of 1 μg/kg to 24 μg/kg. This endpoint oriented study provides data for the nutritional value of small processed fish as food in Ghana and also provides information about potential food safety hazards. Future research is needed to determine potential sources of contamination along the value chains in different regions, identify critical points, and develop applicable mitigation strategies to improve the quality and safety of processed small fish in Ghana.
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Marcos, L., M. Legret, G. Raimbault, and P. Le Cloirec. "Experimental study and modelling of zinc and lead migration in sandy soils due to stormwater infiltration." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0117.
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Heavy metals emitted by road traffic are contaminants of roadside soils and can potentially migrate through the soils down to groundwater during runoff water infiltration. Stormwater management requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transport and particularly chemical interactions between heavy metals and the solid matrix. Experiments with open dynamic systems and modelling with a mixing-cells-in-series model have been performed to identify the main reactions which govern the migration of zinc and lead in sandy soils. Binary and ternary exchange experiments have been performed and a numerical modelling was proposed to describe zinc and lead mobility in column experiments.
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TAMRAKAR, S., and NEELAM RICHHARIYA. "Determination of Metals of Toxicological Significance in Waste Water Irrigated Vegetables of Satna Region." Material Science Research India 9, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/090205.
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Untreated or partially treated wastewater is widely used for irrigation in water scarce regions in several countries including India. While the nutrients contained in the wastewater is considered as beneficial to agriculture, the contaminants present in wastewater pose health risks directly to agricultural workers and indirectly to consumers of the waste water grown product. In the present work effects of municipal waste water irrigation on the accumulation of heavy metals Pb, Ni and Cd in vegetables was investigated by monitoring waste water irrigated agricultural fields of Satna area. It was found that the vegetables grown with waste water had higher concentrations of metals than those irrigated with tube well water with highest concentration of all the metals found in Spinach i.e. Pd, Cd and Ni to be 5.5, 4.0 and 6.2 mg/Kg dry weight respectively.
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Surma-Zadora, M., A. Sadowska-Rociek, E. Cieślik, M. Walczycka, K. Sieja, and L. Wałkowska. "The content of nutrients, preservatives and contaminants in selected animal-origin products from different manufacturers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 4 (2011): 1853–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1104853s.
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The aim of this study was to compare the quality of animal - origin products from different leading manufacturers. The research material were kabanos, black pudding, sausage, luncheon meat, homogenized sausage, liverwurst, headcheese, ham, bacon and minced meat. A dry matter, nutrient content, preserwatives (nitrates, phosphates and salt) and contaminants (heavy metals and pesticides) were determined in all samples. The total phosphorus content (expressed as P) was determined using vanadomolybdate method (UV-Vis spectrophotometry). The determination of salt was conducted using Mohr titration method. For nitrate and nitrites amount determination enzymatic method was used. The fat content was determined using Soxhlet method extraction. Truspec was used for proteins content determination. Heavy metal and minerals were determined using AAS. The total phosphorus content in meat products ranged from 82 mg/100g (liverwurst) to 313 mg/100g (ham). The sodium chloride content in the samples ranged from 0.39% (minced meat) to 2.67% (kabanos). For nitrates and nitrites the results ranged from 3.11 mg/kg (kabanos) to 69.90 mg/kg (bacon) nitrates and from 3.52 mg/kg (black pudding) to 78.71 mg/kg (homogenized sausage) nitrites. The obtained results for fat content were ranged from 48.7 g/100g (bacon) to 3.5 g/100g (ham). The results for proteins content ranged from 7.9 g/100g (liverwurst) to 26.6 g/100g (kabanos). The results ranged from 53.88 mg/kg (liverwurst) to 289.61 mg/kg (luncheon meat) for calcium, from 40.41 mg/kg (liverwurst) to 274.96 mg/kg (kabanos) for magnesium, from 0.65 g/kg (minced meat) to 4.70 g/kg (kabanos) for potasium, from 0.65 g/kg (minced meat) to 15.2 g/kg (kabanos) for sodium, from 0.12 mg/kg (luncheon meat) to 1.15 mg/kg (liverwurst) for copper, from 5.38 mg/kg (backon) to 58.54 mg/kg (black pudding) for iron, from 0.08 mg/kg (backon) to 2.44 mg/kg (black pudding) for manganese, from 8.35 mg/kg (homogenized sausage) to 33.24 mg/kg (minced meat) for zinc and from 0.001 mg/kg (homogenized ham) to 0.011 mg/kg (black pudding) for cadmium.
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Nazli, Farheen, Adnan Mustafa, Maqshoof Ahmad, Azhar Hussain, Moazzam Jamil, Xiukang Wang, Qaiser Shakeel, Muhammad Imtiaz, and Mohamed A. El-Esawi. "A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 9056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219056.
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Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.
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van Pagee, J. A., H. Gerritsen, and W. P. M. de Ruijter. "Transport and Water Quality Modelling in the Southern North Sea in Relation to Coastal Pollution Research and Control." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0200.
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Mathematical modelling techniques are used to quantify the transport in the southern part of the North Sea of pollutants originating from various inputs. Special attention was given to the anthropogenic increase in local concentrations of nutrients (N, P) and heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr) and their potential impact on marine organisms. A depth-averaged hydrodynamic model is used to calculate tidal and wind driven velocities and water levels. By averaging, residual flows are calculated, forming the basis for advective transports in a water quality model. Dispersive transports are derived from a comparison of simulated and observed salinity distributions. Water mass distributions and age functions for various inflowing water types are determined with the model. Transports of nutrients and heavy metals in the southern part of the North Sea are calculated using annual pollution inputs for 1980. Although interactions with bottom sediments are not considered, the calculated and measured concentrations show good similarities. The water quality in the Dutch coastal zone and German Bight area is shown to be highly determined by local pollution loads from the rivers Rhine, Weser and Elbe respectively. Comparison of simulated concentrations for 1980 with those resulting from simulations with estimated natural river inputs, shows that more than 50% of nutrients and heavy metal concentrations originate from human activities in large coastal zone areas. From toxicological information and standards, it is concluded that Cd, Hg and Cu are substances that need special attention in pollution research and control for the Dutch coastal waters.
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Hanhauser, Emily, Michael S. Bono, Chintan Vaishnav, A. John Hart, and Rohit Karnik. "Solid-Phase Extraction, Preservation, Storage, Transport, and Analysis of Trace Contaminants for Water Quality Monitoring of Heavy Metals." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 5 (February 18, 2020): 2646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04695.
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Pimda, Witaya, and Sumontip Bunnag. "Biodegradation of waste motor oil by Nostoc hatei strain TISTR 8405 in water containing heavy metals and nutrients as co-contaminants." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 28 (August 2015): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.02.006.
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Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Grant C. Hose, and Diana M. P. Galassi. "Assessment of Different Contaminants in Freshwater: Origin, Fate and Ecological Impact." Water 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061810.
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Freshwater ecosystems cover over 15% of the world’s surface and provide ecosystem services that are pivotal in sustaining human society. However, fast-growing anthropogenic activities have deleterious impacts on these ecosystems. In this Special Issue, we collect ten studies encompassing five different factors of freshwater contamination: landfill leaks, nutrients, heavy metals, emerging organic contaminants and marble slurry. Using different approaches, the studies detailed the direct and indirect effects that these contaminants have on a range of freshwater organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates. Although the papers covered here focused on specific case studies, they exemplify common issues that are expanding in groundwaters, hyporheic zones, streams, lakes and ponds around the world. All the aspects of these issues are in dire need of being continuously discussed among scientists, end-users and policy-makers. To this end, the Special Issue presents a new free software suite for the analysis of the ecological risk and conservation priority of freshwater ecosystems. The software can support local authorities in the preparation of management plans for freshwater basins pursuant to the Water Directives in Europe.
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Bolan, N. S., and V. P. Duraisamy. "Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies." Soil Research 41, no. 3 (2003): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02122.
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Soil is not only considered as a 'source' of nutrients for plant growth, but also as a 'sink' for the removal of contaminants from industrial and agricultural waste materials. The origin of heavy metal contamination of soils may be anthropogenic as well as geogenic. With greater public awareness of the implications of contaminated soils on human and animal health, there has been increasing interest amongst the scientific community in developing cost-effective and community-acceptable remediation technologies for contaminated sites. Unlike organic contaminants, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation, thereby resulting in their accumulation in soils. The mobilisation of metals in soils for plant uptake and leaching to groundwater can, however, be minimised through chemical and biological immobilisation. Recently there has been increasing interest in the immobilisation of metals using a range of inorganic compounds, such as lime and phosphate (P) compounds, and organic compounds, such as 'exceptional quality' biosolids. In this review paper, the results from selected New Zealand studies on the potential value of a range of soil amendments (phosphate compounds, liming materials, and biosolids) in the immobilisation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) is discussed in relation to remediation of contaminated soils. These case studies have indicated that lime is effective in reducing the phytoavailability of Cd and Cr(III), phosphate compounds are effective for Cd, and organic amendments are effective for Cu and Cr(VI). The mechanisms proposed for the immobilisation and consequent reduction in the phytoavailability of metals by the soil amendments include: enhanced metal adsorption through increased surface charge (e.g. phosphate-induced metal adsorption), increased formation of organic and inorganic metal complexes (e.g. cadmium-phosphate complex and copper-organic matter complex), precipitation of metals (e.g. chromic hydroxide), and reduction of metals from higher valency mobile form to lower valency immobile form [e.g. Cr(VI) to Cr(III)]. These case studies indicated that since bioavailability is the key factor for remediation technologies, chemical or biological immobilisation of metals may be a preferred option.
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Chang, Yueya, He Cui, Minsheng Huang, and Yan He. "Artificial floating islands for water quality improvement." Environmental Reviews 25, no. 3 (September 2017): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0038.
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Artificial floating islands (AFIs) are a variation of wetland treatment systems for water quality improvement. This paper provides a review concerning AFIs in terms of their development, classification, and applications in the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, and chemical oxygen demand on waterways. The role of microorganisms, aquatic plants, and aquatic animals in AFIs for water decontamination and purification was also discussed. Additionally, some key factors influencing the AFIs’ performances were discussed and comparisons between AFIs and constructed wetlands were reviewed. Finally, further perspectives of artificial floating islands were identified to possibly improve their performances. The understanding of the mechanisms in AFIs that drive removal of various contaminants to improve water quality is crucial, and is also highlighted in this paper.
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Ivanyshyn, Volodymyr, Lesia Sheludchenko, Taras Hutsol, Anatolii Rud, and Dmytro Skorobogatov. "MASS TRANSFER MANAGEMENT AND DEPOSITION OF CONTAMINANTS WITHIN CAR ROAD ZONES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4145.
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The present study determined that the essential factor of technogenic influence on the roadside landscapes is a motor complex that leads to the alienation of large territories, destabilizing of the natural ecosystems, the disarticulation of landscapes and an irreversible transformation of nature and territorial complexes in general. The significant influence of motor transport is the exhaust emissions with Carbon (ІІ) oxide, Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, soot (technical carbon), mineral dust, heavy metals, etc., that influence not only on the environment, but also on the health of the population. The migration and deposition of the pollutants that are produced by vehicle flows are caused by many factors of different genesis. In particular, this landscape topographic characteristics and the geochemical territory activity of natural and technogenic geo-ecosystems, structure of biocoenoses, presence of geochemical barriers (including artificially created), density, construction, transport, physical and geographical, social and economic features of transport network infrastructure, the intensity of transport flows, etc. Therefore, to ensure the environmentally safe operation of "car – road – environment" system should include a systematic approach to the development concept of the transport complex within the specific natural and man-made geo-ecosystems with developed automobile and communication networks that would provide not only its economic and transport feasibility, but also minimizing the anthropogenic transformation of natural and territorial complexes in general. To reduce eco-destructive impact we recommend to apply the developed design of forest of gas and dustproof lane road that substantially reduce the dangerous zone of influence.
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Hamadeh, A. F., S. K. Sharma, and G. Amy. "Comparative assessment of managed aquifer recharge versus constructed wetlands in managing chemical and microbial risks during wastewater reuse: a review." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.020.
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) represent commonly used natural treatment systems for reclamation and reuse of wastewater. However, each of these technologies have some limitations with respect to removal of different contaminants. Combining these two technologies into a hybrid CW-MAR system will lead to synergy in terms of both water quality and costs. This promising technology will help in the reduction of bacteria and viruses, trace and heavy metals, organic micropollutants, and nutrients. Use of subsurface flow CWs as pre-treatment for MAR has multiple benefits: (i) it creates a barrier for different microbial and chemical pollutants, (ii) it reduces the residence time for water recovery, and (iii) it avoids clogging during MAR as CWs can remove suspended solids and enhance the reclaimed water quality. This paper analyzes the removal of different contaminants by CW and MAR systems based on a literature review. It is expected that a combination of these natural treatment systems (CWs and MAR) could become an attractive, efficient and cost-effective technology for water reclamation and reuse.
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Ahmad, Imran, Norhayati Abdullah, I. Koji, A. Yuzir, and S. E. Mohamad. "Potential of Microalgae in Bioremediation of Wastewater." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10616.413-429.
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The increase in global pollution, industrialization and fast economic progress are considered to inflict serious consequences to the quality and availability of water throughout the world. Wastewater is generated from three major sources, i.e. industrial, agricultural, and municipal which contain pollutants, such as: xenobiotics, microplastics, heavy metals and augmented by high amount of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen compounds. Wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues since it cannot be achieved by any specific technology because of the varying nature and concentrations of pollutants and efficiency of the treatment technologies. The degradation capacity of these conventional treatment technologies is limited, especially regarding heavy metals, nutrients, and xenobiotics, steering the researchers to bioremediation using microalgae (Phycoremediation). Bioremediation can be defined as use of microalgae for removal or biotransformation of pollutants and CO2 from wastewater with concomitant biomass production. However, the usage of wastewaters for the bulk cultivation of microalgae is advantageous for reducing carbon, nutrients cost, minimizing the consumption of freshwater, nitrogen, phosphorus recovery, and removal of other pollutants from wastewater and producing sufficient biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other value-added compounds. Several types of microalgae like Chlorella and Dunaliella have proved their applicability in the treatment of wastewaters. The bottlenecks concerning the microalgal wastewater bioremediation need to be identified and elucidated to proceed in bioremediation using microalgae. This objective of this paper is to provide an insight about the treatment of different wastewaters using microalgae and microalgal potential in the treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metals and emerging contaminants, with the specialized cultivation systems. This review also summarizes the end use applications of microalgal biomass which makes the bioremediation aspect more environmentally sustainable. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Baltrénaité, E., and D. Butkus. "Investigation of heavy metals transportation from soil to the pine tree." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0201.
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The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most common tree in Lithuanian forests. Research on the impact of pollutants on pines allows us to evaluate pollutants in a major part of Lithuanian forests. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the major pollutants entering forest ecosystems in different ways: in their wet and dry form they come from local or distant sources of emission by being transported from seas alongside with nutrients and sea salt, washed up from the dead plants accumulated in soil, and together with mineral particles brought by wind or water. During the period of investigation, a decrease in the Cr concentration in pine rings is seen. High Zn concentrations (in 1987-1989 Zn concentration was 27.6 mg·kg-1) in the pine may be caused by emissions from heavy traffic. The results have shown that Mn has the highest concentration as compared with that of other HMs in the soil around the pine (at the depth of 30-40 cm, Mn concentration is 780 mg·kg-1). In comparison with other HMs, Cu and Zn have the largest factor of transport from the soil to the wood (0.39 and 0.49 respectively).
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Vuong, Ann M., Kimberly Yolton, Joseph M. Braun, Bruce P. Lanphear, and Aimin Chen. "Chemical mixtures and neurobehavior: a review of epidemiologic findings and future directions." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0010.
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AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have historically focused on single toxicants, or toxic chemicals, and neurodevelopment, even though the interactions of chemicals and nutrients may result in additive, synergistic, antagonistic, or potentiating effects on neurological endpoints. Investigating the impact of environmentally-relevant chemical mixtures, including heavy metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is more reflective of human exposures and may result in more refined environmental policies to protect the public.ObjectiveIn this review, we provide a summary of epidemiological studies that have analyzed chemical mixtures of heavy metals and EDCs and neurobehavior utilizing multi-chemical models, including frequentist and Bayesian methods.ContentStudies investigating chemicals and neurobehavior have the opportunity to not only examine the impact of chemical mixtures, but they can also identify chemicals from a mixture that may play a key role in neurotoxicity, investigate interactive effects, estimate non-linear dose response, and identify potential windows of susceptibility. The examination of neurobehavioral domains is particularly challenging given that traits emerge and change over time and subclinical nuances of neurobehavior are often unrecognized. To date, only a handful of epidemiological studies examining neurodevelopment have utilized multi-pollutant models in the investigation of heavy metals and EDCs. However, these studies were successful in identifying contaminants of importance from the exposure mixtures.Summary and OutlookInvestigators are encouraged to broaden their focus to include more environmentally relevant mixtures of chemicals using advanced statistical approaches, particularly to aid in identifying potential mechanisms underlying associations.
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Arouche, Tiago da Silva, Rosely Maria dos Santos Cavaleiro, Phelipe Seiichi Martins Tanoue, Tais Sousa de Sa Pereira, Tarciso Andrade Filho, and Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto. "Heavy Metals Nanofiltration Using Nanotube and Electric Field by Molecular Dynamics." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (May 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4063201.
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Heavy metal contamination in the world is increasing the impact on the environment and human life. Currently, carbon nanotubes and boron are some possible ideals for the nanofiltration of heavy metals due to the property of ion selectivity, optimized by the applications of the surface and the application of an external electric field. In this work, molecular dynamic was used to transport water with heavy metals under the force exerted by the electric field action inside nanotubes. This external electric field generates a propelling electrical force to expel only water molecules and retain ions. These metal ions were retained to pass through only water molecules, under constant temperature and pressure, for a time of 100 ps under the action of electric fields with values from 10-8 to 10-1 au. Each of the metallic contaminants evaluated (Pb2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Hg2+) was subjected to molecular test simulations in the water. It was found that the measurement of the intensity of the electric field increased or the percentage of filtered water reduced (in both nanotubes), in which the intramolecular and intermolecular forces intensified by the action of the electric field contribute to retain the heavy metal ions due to the evanescent effect. The best results for nanofiltration in carbon and boron nanotubes occur under the field 10-8 au. Since the filtration in the boron nitride nanotubes, a small difference in the percentage of filtered water for the boron nitride nanotube was the most effective (90 to 98%) in relation to the carbon nanotube (80 to 90%). The greater hydrophobicity and thermal stability of boron nanotubes are some of the factors that contributed to this result.
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Pimda, Witaya, and Sumontip Bunnag. "Effect of Heavy Metals and Inorganic Nutrients Existing as Co-contaminants on Bioremoval of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) by Nostoc hatei TISTR 8405." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42, no. 6 (March 18, 2017): 2291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2492-4.
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Machineni, Lakshmi. "Review on biological wastewater treatment and resources recovery: attached and suspended growth systems." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 11 (December 1, 2019): 2013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.034.
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Abstract The treatment of wastewater for reuse is a potential solution to meet ever increasing urban, industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands across the world, where clean water availability is scarce. There are several traditional wastewater treatment processes that offer varying degrees of effectiveness in addition to presenting environmental, economic, and social disadvantages. Development of promising and inexpensive technologies to provide the reusable water in needful amounts using wastewaters as a cheap source of key nutrients and organic matter is required. Wastewater treatment by biological methods is becoming more important in the light of recovering value-added plant nutrients, heavy metals, biosolids, and bioenergy resources. Different types of solid contaminants in effluents can be removed simultaneously by pure cultures or mixed microbial consortia. Based on the structural organization of microbial biomass, biological treatment systems are classified into two types: dispersed growth system and attached growth system. Biological treatment methods associated with fixed-film growth have been recognized as highly effective and more energy efficient than suspended growth systems. This review discusses the recent breakthroughs in advanced biological wastewater treatment using both the systems, and also focuses on key energetic resources recovery driven by biological technologies.
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Hwang, Byung-Gi, Kwan-Soo Jun, Young-Dae Lee, and Wu-Seng Lung. "Importance of DOC in sediments for contaminant transport modelling." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0467.
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Contaminants in the interstitial waters are not only dissolved but also associated with a filterable colloidal phase such as DOC. The DOC plays an important role regulating the distribution of chemicals between particulate and dissolved phases since it binds chemicals and makes them unavailable for vertical diffusive exchange. A three-phase partitioning model that consists of free-dissolved, DOC-bound, particulate-bound components of the chemicals involved is used for the contaminant transport model in order to include the effect of DOC on the partition coefficient. The contaminant model is linked to WASP modeling framework to predict remobilization of PCBs in sediments and the fate and transport of the contaminant in overlying waters of the New Bedford Harbor where the harbor has been contaminated with PCBs and heavy metals released from electronic capacitor manufacturers. Simulation of remedial controls indicates that if no action is taken, PCB concentrations will continue to be at elevated levels. Several scenarios for the removal of contaminated sediments have been performed to reduce the elevated PCB concentrations to background levels.
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Pimda, Witaya, and Sumontip Bunnag. "Growth performance and biodegradation of waste motor oil by Nostoc piscinale strain TISTR 8401 in the presence of heavy metals and nutrients as co-contaminants." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 53 (August 2015): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.030.
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Ziółkowska, Anna. "The role of humic substances in detoxification process of the environment / Rola substancji humusowych w procesach detoksykacji środowiska." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2015-0013.
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Abstract Chemical pollution of anthropogenic origin such as heavy metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls are some of serious threats to the environment. Their main sources are industry, transport, and agriculture. Chemical substances pollute the air, water and soil, where ultimately most of them reach and accumulate. Soil constituent involved in the adsorption of impurities is organic matter (OM), the structure of which can be divided into three fractions: humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin (H). The impact of pollution with OM allows the presence of active functional groups, among others, -OH, -COOH, -NH3, -OCH3. Strongly adsorbed contaminants are not available for soil microorganisms.
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Kochetova, Zh Yu, O. V. Bazarsky, T. A. Kuchmenko, and N. V. Maslova. "Ecological Problems of the Aviation-Missile Cluster and Optimization of Geomonitoring Using a Piezo Sensor." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-8-32-38.
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The data of eleven-year monitoring of soil and subsoil contamination by kerosene, heavy metals, formaldehyde and nitrates on the territory of the aviation-missile cluster are presented. The adjusted index of total contamination with priority contaminants of soils and subsoil of various functional zones of the cluster (aviation-missile, industrial, residential-transport, recreational) have been calculated. Using the rank correlation coefficient of Spearman, a relationship was established between the content of priority contaminants in soil and subsoil. On the basis of the correlation analysis, the choice of kerosene as a marker compound for soil and subsoil contamination of air-missile clusters is justified. A piezo sensor was developed for the rapid analysis of kerosene in soil and subsoils in "on-site" mode without sampling and sample preparation. Optimization of ecological monitoring of soils and subsoil with the application of a test method for determining kerosene in the territories of aviation-missile clusters is proposed.
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Rădulescu, Dan, Gabriel Racoviţeanu, and Xavier Swamikannu. "Comparison of urban residential storm water runoff quality in Bucharest, Romania with international data." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198507019.
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Diffuse pollution is a major source of contaminants to surface waters in urban areas. Land use activities and the degree of imperviousness have a strong influence on the pollutant loadings and the pattern and distribution of the pollutograph. Uncontrolled discharges of contaminated urban storm water runoff contribute to impairments of water quality in receiving waters. In this study, grab samples of storm water runoff were collected from a small high-density residential catchment area in Bucharest. The pollutant concentrations were analysed for several water quality physical and chemical parameters including pH, conductivity, oil and grease, nutrients, pathogen indicator bacteria and some heavy metals. The storm events were monitored through grab sampling. The sample results for this representative residential catchment area in Bucharest were then compared with data reported from other regions of the world. The analysis demonstrates that the characteristics of the urban runoff quality from residential areas in Bucharest were comparable with data obtained from other areas in the world.
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Ansari, Saniya. "Water Pollution Management and detection techniques: a Review." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2116.
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Now a day’s water pollution became a national and global issue not only in India but over the whole world. Like India other countries are also facing the same problem of water pollution due to agricultural waste, industrial waste, sewage waste and so on. In this paper it has been explained clearly with the help of considerable number of references. It gives the information about the pollutants which pollutes the water. Sensors have a ability to Control and monitor the quality of water as well as able to detect the contaminants added due to human generating activities. Sensors can be used for the selection and identification of the techniques which will be suitable for performing the given task that is identification of pollutants present in water. Various pollutants found in water are pesticides, harmful chemicals, heavy metals, nutrients, etc. We will also going to discuss about the different techniques used for water pollution detections. Tethered.