Academic literature on the topic 'Transport in porus environment'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Transport in porus environment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Sherif Adham Mohamed. "Theoretical Drying Model of Water Vapor Pressure for Imbibed Porous Material with Sea Water subjected to Weather Conditions." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 87, no. 2 (September 26, 2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.87.2.127136.
Abstract:
The drying model of porous material has been studied and solved. The drying model solves the drying of porous material if the porous material is saturated or unsaturated with salt solution. Local thermodynamic equilibrium was not assumed in the mathematical model for describing the multi-phase flow in the unsaturated porous media using the energy and mass conservation equations to describe the heat and mass transfer during the drying. The vapor pressure inside porous material voids is built from the vapor mass transport through material thickness and from the void’s water content evaporation. The new equation in the model is water vapor pressure’s equation. The drying model included advection and capillary transport of the water in porous material pores, the gases transport by advection and diffusion and soluble salt transports by diffusion only. The environment of the boundary condition of the model is atmospheric condition in the day’s hours. The model consists of 5 equations for mass and heat transfer phenomenon. The model was solved by Matlab software. The case study of the model is concrete block.
2
Mouhammad, Saif A. "Transport Processes in Environments with Irregular Structure." Material Science Research India 8, no. 1 (June 25, 2011): 07–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/080102.
Abstract:
In this work we consider a principally new statistical approach to the theory of processes of transport in a two-phase condensed environment with randomly distributed non-uniform surface structure. Taking this approach as a base, we considered diffusion in a chaotic porous environment. Such a structure is described with the aid of a curvilinear orthogonal coordinates system natural for geometrical porous surface. The method of averaging the diffusion equation is developed. The equations for average diffused concentration in a porous surface of a solution of ionic components are obtained. These equations take into account the local characteristics of the structure of the environment. In general, this approach is applicable to other equations describing the transport of substance, charge and electromagnetic field in the environment with random interior.
3
Beškovnik, Bojan, and Patricija Bajec. "STRATEGIES AND APPROACH FOR SMART CITY–PORT ECOSYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT SUPPORTED BY THE INTERNET OF THINGS." Transport 36, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.16194.
Abstract:
The article presents a new contribution to understanding and building novel phenomena of Smart City–Port (SCP) ecosystems and new approaches for the use of new technical and technological findings. The main aim is to elaborate specific strategies SCP ecosystem can secure in the future and an approach for synchronised SCP development for adaption to growing urbanization, mobility and business development, where all stakeholders would take an active role. Based on analysed literature 19 strategies for common smart development of cities and ports are highlighted. The relatively new phenomena of the Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of Everything (IoE) can simplify their achievement in SCP ecosystem. Moreover, the proposed 3 level approach for technological development of sensing, monitoring and managing data for spatial, transport, environmental and social policy is used on 2 Northern Adriatic cities and ports. The research provides actual analyses of SCP development at Koper (Slovenia) and Rijeka (Croatia), where the development of ports was carried in a completely different way. The article thus proposes a 2 phase approach to the development of SCP and can be used more widely in building a symbiosis of cities and their ports. Firstly, the need to fulfil the strategy from the set of 19 SCP development strategies should be identified and secondly by using a 3 level approach, with existing technological support a SCP environment can be set.
4
Huang, Xiaoling, Yawei Wang, Xiamei Dai, Jack Xunjie Luo, and Jihong Chen. "EVALUATION OF PORT EFFICIENCY IN SHANGHAI PORT AND BUSAN PORT BASED ON THREE-STAGE DEA MODEL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS." Transport 35, no. 5 (November 20, 2019): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11465.
Abstract:
The global green development has led many ports to impose measures to reduce emissions and improve port efficiency. As large-scale construction can do damage to the environment, it is not supported under the green strategy, which makes it more important to make full use of existing resources in the port competition. While, whether there is a relationship between emissions and port efficiency, and whether the relationship can reflect the problems in port management are vital factors need to be considered when making port development strategy. To solve the two problems, this paper takes the case of Shanghai Port and Busan Port, and uses the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of the two ports respectively. Pollutant emissions from the ports are selected as an environmental variable in the second stage to examine their effects on the redundancy of input variables. The results indicate that the efficiency of Shanghai Port is insufficient due to excessive scale and pollutant emissions. Based on the results, some suggestions are given to improve the drawbacks. Furthermore, the use of the three-stage DEA to study the annual change in performance of a single target in this paper is also a novelty.
5
Kempka, Thomas, Svenja Steding, and Michael Kühn. "Verification of TRANSPORT Simulation Environment coupling with PHREEQC for reactive transport modelling." Advances in Geosciences 58 (November 3, 2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-19-2022.
Abstract:
Abstract. Many types of geologic subsurface utilisation are associated with fluid and heat flow as well as simultaneously occurring chemical reactions. For that reason, reactive transport models are required to understand and reproduce the governing processes. In this regard, reactive transport codes must be highly flexible to cover a wide range of applications, while being applicable by users without extensive programming skills at the same time. In this context, we present an extension of the Open Source and Open Access TRANSPORT Simulation Environment, which has been coupled with the geochemical reaction module PHREEQC, and thus provides multiple new features that make it applicable to complex reactive transport problems in various geoscientific fields. Code readability is ensured by the applied high-level programming language Python which is relatively easy to learn compared to low-level programming languages such as C, C++ and FORTRAN. Thus, also users with limited software development knowledge can benefit from the presented simulation environment due to the low entry-level programming skill requirements. In the present study, common geochemical benchmarks are used to verify the numerical code implementation. Currently, the coupled simulator can be used to investigate 3D single-phase fluid and heat flow as well as multicomponent solute transport in porous media. In addition to that, a wide range of equilibrium and nonequilibrium reactions can be considered. Chemical feedback on fluid flow is provided by adapting porosity and permeability of the porous media as well as fluid properties. Thereby, users are in full control of the underlying functions in terms of fluid and rock equations of state, coupled geochemical modules used for reactive transport, dynamic boundary conditions and mass balance calculations. Both, the solution of the system of partial differential equations and the PHREEQC module, can be easily parallelised to increase computational efficiency. The benchmarks used in the present study include density-driven flow as well as advective, diffusive and dispersive reactive transport of solutes. Furthermore, porosity and permeability changes caused by kinetically controlled dissolution-precipitation reactions are considered to verify the main features of our reactive transport code. In future, the code implementation can be used to quantify processes encountered in different types of subsurface utilisation, such as water resource management as well as geothermal energy production, as well as geological energy, CO2 and nuclear waste storage.
6
Żukowska, Sandra. "Concept of Green Ports. Case study of the Seaport in Gdynia." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 3 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.020.12788.
Abstract:
World transport faces a serious challenge, which involves the detrimental impact of its activity on the environment. Marine transport is a significant link in the worldwide transport system, which provides the free flow of diversified cargoes and offers competitive prices compared to other modes of transport for the carriage of goods. Seaports enabling waterborne transport have a major impact on the economic, social and natural environment. Port managing authorities show growing awareness of the negative influence of port units on the surrounding environment. Concurrently, environmentally friendly measures are implemented in line with the principles of sustainable development. The article aim is to present the characteristics of the green ports concept in response to ports struggle with environmental problems. The article presents port development background and the evolving approach to environmental issues. The seaport in Gdynia is an example of pursuing a sustainable development policy, and informally is well embedded in the concept of green ports.
7
Kouhail, Yasmine, Ishai Dror, and Brian Berkowitz. "Current knowledge on transport and reactivity of technology-critical elements (TCEs) in soil and aquifer environments." Environmental Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19102.
Abstract:
Environmental contextTechnology-critical elements, widely used in modern industry, are found in the environment as a result of both anthropogenic usage and natural sources. This review describes current knowledge on the transport of technology-critical elements in sand, soils and aquifer environments. The chemical compositions of the soils and groundwaters influence the transport of technology-critical elements, and natural colloids increase their mobility. AbstractTechnology-critical elements (TCEs) are now present in soil and aquifer environments, as a result not only of the geogenic origin but also of the recent anthropogenic activities and release. TCEs can interact with all components of the soil and water, which include inorganic and organic ligands (natural organic matter), clays, mineral surfaces and microorganisms. The literature regarding the transport and fate of TCEs in subsurface porous media (e.g. soil and aquifers) is limited and highly diverse. This review offers a detailed analysis of the existing literature on the transport and fate of TCEs in porous media, and emphasises what is still needed to fully understand their behaviour in the environment. Different modes of TCE transport are presented. First, the mobility of TCEs following interaction with colloids (e.g. natural organic matter, clays) is described. For these cases, an increase in the ionic strength and pH of aqueous solutions shows stronger retention or sorption of TCEs on porous matrices. The transport of nanoparticles (NPs) that contain TCEs is presented as a second mode of mobility. The ionic strength of the solution is the key parameter that controls the transport of cerium nanoparticles in porous media; natural organic matter also increases the mobility of nanoparticles. The third part of this review describes sorption and dissolution processes during transport. Finally, results from the field experiments are reported, which show that rare earth elements and indium are transported in the presence of natural organic matter. We conclude this review with suggested directions for future research.
8
Keppert, Martin, Monika Čáchová, and Dana Koňáková. "Transport of Liquids in Porous Rocks." Materials Science Forum 824 (July 2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.824.117.
Abstract:
The rate of transport of liquids in porous environment is crucial engineering problem. It has importance in many fields like chemical engineering, hydropedology, economic geology and also in building materials science. The intensity of a liquid transport in porous body can be analyzed be means of three concepts – sorptivity, permeability and diffusivity. The approaches applied in field of porous rocks are discussed. Water absorption coefficients of set of sedimentary rocks of wide porosity range were determined experimentally and the relationship between them and specific pore volume of rocks was found.
9
Tokarchuk, M. V. "Kinetic description of ion transport in the system "ionic solution – porous environment"." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 9, no. 3 (2022): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2022.03.719.
Abstract:
A kinetic approach based on a modified chain of BBGKI equations for nonequilibrium particle distribution functions was used to describe the ion transfer processes in the ionic solution – porous medium system. A generalized kinetic equation of the revised Enskog–Vlasov–Landau theory for the nonequilibrium ion distribution function in the model of charged solid spheres is obtained, taking into account attractive short-range interactions for the ionic solution – porous medium system.
10
Kubičár, Ľudovít, Ján Hudec, Danica Fidríková, Peter Dieška, and Martin Vitkovič. "Effects in Monitoring of the Thermal Moisture Regime of Cultural Objects Located in Different Climate Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 1126 (October 2015): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.93.
Abstract:
Historical monuments are most often built from materials (plaster, walls, rocks, etc.), which have a porous structure. The porous structure is characterized by a set of parameters that control its response to environment. In such structures, depending on the environmental conditions, we encounter with processes like vapor diffusion, adsorption, pore surface diffusion, capillary transport, etc. The processes are accompanied with the transport of heat energy and moisture. When monitoring of thermal - moisture regime of such structures we can find a wide range of effects such as wetting, drying, freezing and thawing. We have monitored several cultural objects localized in different environments, namely the Duomo Cathedral in Florence, the tower of St. Martin in Bratislava and pillar of the St. James Church in Levoča. Building components of the mentioned objects are of different nature such as masonry composed of bricks and plaster, Gioia marble and sandstone. Moisture sensors were used to monitor the thermal – moisture regime based on the hot-ball method for measuring thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity is a function of the pore content. In the pores, depending on the thermodynamic conditions, air, vapor, water or ice can be found. Collected data are correlated with meteorological conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Castenson, Catharine M. (Catharine Marie) 1976. "An investigation of bioluminescent microbial transport in porus media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8988.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-106).
Since bacteria play a significant role in the composition of the subsurface, understanding the transport of microorganisms through groundwater and porous media is of great importance. Recently, increased study of microbial transport in the subsurface has been driven by the development of in-situ remediation techniques utilizing bacteria's natural ability to degrade contaminants in the subsurface. To date, research in microbial transport within soil and groundwater has been conducted extensively without any physical visualization of what is occurring in the subsurface. Because the factors that control the transport of bacteria through soil and groundwater are not well understood, direct visualization of microbial transport in the subsurface would be extremely valuable in understanding soil, microbial, and groundwater interactions. This project sought to investigate and develop a means of visualizing microbial transport through porous media. A system incorporating bioluminescent bacteria, as a visual indicator of both microbial transport and activity, was coupled with a transparent porous medium that allowed the bioluminescent bacteria to be directly visualized as they were transported through a model aquifer system. The investigation of microbial transport was performed at a range of pore fluid velocities, varying from 1.31E-5 m/s to 2.21E-4 m/s. Results acquired from the experimental setup were reproducible at similar flow rates and bacterial cell concentrations. The two main factors controlling microbial transport and activity were found to be flow velocity and oxygen concentration levels. The degradation and consumption of oxygen and contaminants is related to the amount of time microorganisms spend in particular pore spaces. Faster flow rates allow the bacteria to move through the soil without consuming all of the available oxygen, but may not allow the bacteria enough time to degrade the contaminant. Alternately, bacteria traveling through soil at slower flow rates consume all available oxygen before traveling too far. For the flow rates tested with this research, microbial flow was found to follow the flow pattern of a color tracer. However, at the lower flow rates, an oxygen depletion zone developed behind the advancing flow front. The width of this zone was observed to increase with time, resulting in a reduction of bioluminescent activity, and thus, degradation activity, within the system.
by Catharine M. Castenson.
S.M.
2
Neyland, Ryan P. "Colloid Detachment from Rough Surfaces in the Environment." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050505-114151/.
3
Chan, Matthew Yunho. "Transport, Stability, and Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles in Porous Media." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64177.
Abstract:
Gold-nanoparticle (AuNP) transport in groundwater is heavily influenced by the intrinsic properties of the nanoparticles and the external parameters of the environment. Batch experimental data indicated that 15 nm AuNP coated by bovine serum albumin (BSA-AuNP) was more stable at high ionic strength compared to citrate-coated AuNP (cit-AuNP) of similar size. It was expected that the stability of these AuNP would be replicated in column studies. Column experiments with varying monovalent and divalent ion concentrations using both types of AuNP yielded breakthrough curves that both adhere and deviate from this hypothesis. BSA-AuNP was found to be more stable relative to cit-AuNP during porous media flow in the presence of increasing concentrations of CaCl2, but the opposite occurred with increasing NaCl concentration. Colloidal filtration theory (CFT) fails to predict and explain this discrepancy. DLVO calculations suggested pore-space destabilization occurred in these experiments that were not accounted by CFT.Master of Science
4
Ha, Quoc Dat. "Modélisation multiéchelle du couplage adsorption-transport-mécanique dans les réservoirs de gaz de charbon : récupération assistée par injection de CO₂." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0194.
Abstract:
Le gaz de charbon est une ressource énergétique dont l'exploitation peut être accélérée par injection de gaz carbonique (CO₂) combinant ainsi production de méthane (CH₄) et stockage du gaz carbonique produit par sa combustion. La structure du réservoir est considérée comme un milieu à double porosité avec des fractures naturelles (cleats) et une matrice contenant une phase solide et des nanopores (de taille inférieure à 2 nm) où le gaz est stocké par adsorption sur la paroi solide. Le CO₂ est plus facilement adsorbé que le CH₄. Un modèle théorique multiéchelle combinant adsorption, transport et poromécanique du réservoir est développé. À la plus petite échelle, les molécules de gaz sont considérées comme des sphères dures interagissant par un potentiel de Lennard-Jones. Une nouvelle méthode numérique utilise la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité (DFT) et la théorie fondamentale de la mesure (FMT) pour calculer la distribution des densités moléculaires d'un mélange de gaz pour une géométrie quelconque des nanopores. La paroi solide exerce un potentiel extérieur répulsif à très courte distance et attractif à plus grande distance sur les molécules de gaz. À partir des distributions moléculaires des gaz, la force de solvatation exercée par la phase fluide sur la surface des nanopores est calculée précisément. La méthode de l'homogénéisation asymptotique permet de passer de l'échelle du nanopore à l'échelle microscopique et d'obtenir la réponse de la matrice de charbon. Le modèle poroélastique de Biot est modifié par la force de solvatation qui agit comme le principal facteur gouvernant le gonflement ou la contraction de la matrice. Les équations moyennes de conservation de la masse des deux gaz (CH₄ et CO₂) dans la matrice prennent en compte les phénomènes d'adsorption caractérisés par des coefficients de partition et une diffusion effective de type Knudsen. Une seconde homogénéisation vise à obtenir la loi macroscopique à l'échelle du réservoir en combinant le réseau de cleats et la matrice solide. Le contact à l'interface matrice-cleats est caractérisé par la loi hyperbolique de Barton-Bandis qui modifie la rigidité effective ainsi que la perméabilité du réservoir. Après homogénéisation, le réservoir est un milieu hétérogène et anisotrope du fait de la structure des cleats et de la variation spatiale de la pression du fluide. Une équation moyenne macroscopique pour la diffusion des gaz dans la matrice et le transport gaz-eau dans les cleats est développée en considérant l'échange de masse entre la matrice et les cleats gouverné par l'approximation de Warren et Root. Des simulations numériques démontrent la corrélation cruciale entre les distributions de pression de gaz, l'ouverture des cleats et la rigidité du réservoir. L'injection de CO₂ améliore significativement la production de CH₄. Elle permet le stockage souterrain de CO₂ contribuant à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serreCoal seam gas is an energy resource whose exploitation can be enhanced by injectingcarbon dioxide (CO₂), thus combining the production of methane (CH₄) and the storage of carbon dioxide produced by its combustion. The structure of the reservoir is considered to be a double-porosity medium with natural fractures (cleats) and a matrix containing a solid phase and nanopores (less than 2 nm in size) where the gas is stored by adsorption on the solid wall. CO₂ is more easily adsorbed than CH₄. A multiscale theoretical model combining adsorption, transport and reservoir poro-mechanics is developed. At the smallest scale, the gas molecules are considered as hard spheres interacting through a Lennard-Jones potential. A new numerical method uses Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Fundamental Measure Theory (FMT) to calculate the distribution of molecular densities of a mixture of gases for any nanopore geometry. The solid wall exerts an external potential that is repulsive at very short distances and attractive at longer distances on the gas molecules. From the molecular distributions of the gases, the solvation force exerted by the fluid phase on the surface of the nanopores is precisely calculated. The asymptotic homogenization method is performed to upscale the nanopore-scale model and to obtain the response of the coal matrix at the microscale. The Biot poroelastic model is modified by the solvation force, which acts as the main factor governing matrix swelling or contraction. The average mass conservation equations for the two gases (CH₄ and CO₂) in the matrix take into account adsorption phenomena characterized by partition coefficients and an effective Knudsen-type diffusion. A second homogenization aims at obtaining the macroscopic law at the reservoir scaleby combining the cleats network and the solid matrix. The joint stiffness at the matrix-cleats interface is characterized by the hyperbolic Barton-Bandis law, which modifies the effective stiffness and the permeability of the reservoir. After homogenization, the reservoir is a heterogeneous and anisotropic medium due to the structure of the cleats and the spatial variation of the fluid pressure. A macroscopic average equation for gas diffusion in the matrix and gas-water transport in the cleats is developed by considering the mass exchange between the matrix and the cleats governed by the Warren and Root approximation. Numerical simulations illustrate the crucial correlation between gas pressure distributions, cleat opening and reservoir stiffness. CO₂ injection significantly improves CH₄ production and enables a underground storage of CO₂, which contributes to reducing green-house gas emissions
5
Chan, Matthew Yunho. "Visualization, Characterization, and Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles Fate and Transport in Aqueous Porous Media Environment with Advanced Photonics Technique." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85437.
Abstract:
Increased proliferation of nanotechnology has led to concerns regarding its implication to the water environment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were used as a model nanomaterial to investigate the fate and dynamics of nanoparticles in the complex water environment. A column study was performed to examine the fate and transport of gold nanoparticles with two different coatings in porous media. The resulting data suggested that gold nanoparticles aggregate significantly in the porespace of the column interior, a finding that is not predicted by traditional colloidal filtration theory or Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed as a new technique to investigate AuNP aggregation in water with varying salt levels. The SERS technique proved valuable as an analytical technique, elucidating information about aggregation as well as AuNP surface interactions with dissolved halides in water. A thorough investigation examining Aunt aggregation with monovalent and divalent salts utilizing SERS, ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and
dynamic light scattering (DLS) was conducted. Each technique provided data describing different aspects of the dynamic behavior of AuNPs in complex water environments. Results suggest that in addition to
attractive and repulsive interactions described by DLVO theory, chemical interactions between the AuNP surface and dissolved halides were also a significant driving force for aggregation and other
transformative behaviors of AuNPs in water. The SERS technique developed in this work was shown to be a viable tool to help unveil the vastly complex dynamics of nanomaterial in the water environment.Ph. D.
6
Lo, Prete Mariantonia. "Port de commerce et environnement, une relation en évolution : ce que nous apprennent les recours contentieux dans les ports français et italiens en mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1178.
Abstract:
Le territoire portuaire est inévitablement un lieu de conflits, notamment dans son processus de prise en compte de l'environnement. L'objet de notre travail de recherche est de voir comment l'environnement s'inscrit dans le développement portuaire à partir de l'analyse des recours contentieux, c'est-à-dire des conflits environnementaux qui engagent des acteurs publics et privés face aux tribunaux. Nous avons ainsi mis en place un outil méthodologique permettant de traiter les arrêts : une grille d'analyse géo-juridique des conflits environnementaux portuaires résolus par le juge qui permet de saisir la variété d'éléments caractérisant chaque conflit, et ainsi d'en faire une analyse quantitative et qualitative. L'originalité de cette thèse réside donc dans son approche de l'aménagement de l'espace par le droit. Travailler sur les contentieux donne en effet des éléments précieux pour comprendre les rapports qui s'établissent entre les différents acteurs dans la fabrique des territoires portuaires lorsque ceux-ci sont confrontés au développement et aux enjeux environnementaux. C'est à cet effet que nous proposons une typologie de la prise en compte de l'environnement dans le développement portuaire. Celle-ci pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre de nouveaux conflits environnementaux en les rapportant aux profils portuaires identifiés, voire de réfléchir aux moyens d'améliorer la prise en compte de l'environnement dans le territoire portuairePorts are inevitably the site of litigation born out of environmental issues. Our research aims to understand how the environment is taken into account in port development. For that purpose, we analysed litigation where public and private players went to court over environmental issues. To do so, we created a method based on a geo-law grid that we used to read and analyse judgements on environmental issues linked to ports, and to grasp the variety of characteristics of these judgements on which we can base a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our thesis is unique in using a legal approach to study port development. Using the prism of litigation provides valuable information to understand the relationships between private and public players involved in the development of ports as they face environmental issues. As a contribution to this purpose, we provide profiles of how the environment has been taken into account in port development. These port profiles can help us better understand new environmental disputes, and help us find better ways to take the environment into account in port development
7
Kilchherr, Rudolf. "Transport phenomena in porous media." Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20729/.
Abstract:
Non-Newtonian flow in heterogeneous media is of enormous theoretical and industrial importance. This phenomenon is studied to reveal macroscopic effects that arise due to the interaction between the non-linear flow behaviour and the spatial variation of the medium through which it is forced to move. The heterogeneity is achieved by using porous granular media, which is naturally non-homogeneous. The non-Newtonian properties of the fluid may have many causes and is an intrinsic property of the fluid that is used: One way of achieving it is by studying dense slurries of neutral particles or naturally occurring magmatic flows. Another way is to study the case where the flow is dominated by its ionic content and where the double layer thickness (the effective size of the ionic entities) is of the order of magnitude of the pore size. All cases studied in this thesis pertain to slow flow (low Reynolds number), though the fluid may be compressible. The variations in the flow are calculated in first order and these turn out to be coupled to the spatial variations in the porous medium. In this way structure formation is predicted. The structures may be either aligned with or may be perpendicular to the mean flow direction. 'Experiments to decide on which regime is relevant have been conducted. The genesis of structure formation is studied as a temporal development by considering a compressible flow. The constitutive equation that is required to couple the compressibility to the flow parameters is investigated. Two possible mechanisms have been identified: compressibility coupled to the pressure field and compressibility associated with the fluctuations in the flow. Using linear analysis the structure formation patterns associated with these two mechanisms are established for the steady state. Flow of ionically laden fluids has also been studied. Experiments done at Loughborough University (Department of Chemical Engineering) on electrowashing of filter cakes has been used to prove a major macroscopic effect. This effect takes place when the ionic diameter (which is approximately twice the double layer thickness) is of the order of magnitude of the pore size. A phenomenological set of transport equations has been set up. These contain coefficients, such as transition probabilities and mean ionic flow rates, that can be obtained from experiments by doing a first order solution of the equations for short times. A more involved numerical solution is also supplied and confirms the initial analytical estimates.
8
Jing, Wen 1966. "Virus transport through porous media." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291550.
Abstract:
Investigated in laboratory column experiments were the effects of 0.01 M and 0.001 M CaPO₄ concentrations and pH on the attachment-detachment of bacteriophages PRD-1 and MS-2. Bacteriophages PRD-1 and MS-2 exhibited attachment to the soil at concentrations of 0.01M CaPO₄ and 0.5M NaCl. Release of attached phage at 0.001 M CaPO₄ and without NaCl was observed. The pH was also found to affect the attachment-detachment of PRD-1 and MS-2. However, they attached at pH 5.5 and detached at pH 8.0 at a limited extent and over an extented long period of time. The effect of salt concentration on deattachment was greater than the effect of pH. Similar results were obtained when glass beads were used as the adsorbent. These results suggest that changes in pH and ionic strength (as might occur after a rainfall) can result in the rapid release of previously adsorbed virus. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
9
Du, Plessis Elsa. "Modelling of single phase diffusive transport in porous environments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4323.
Abstract:
Thesis (MSc (Applied Mathematics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macroscopic diffusion through porous media is considered in systems where this process does not occur along with or induce bulk convective flow of the diffusing species. The diffusion coefficient present in the governing equations of suchmacroscopic diffusion is unique to a pair of species in a binary system. This coefficient may be determined experimentally, but such experimentation must be carried out for every different pair of species. Taking this into consideration, a deterministic pore-scale model is proposed to predict the effective diffusivity of homogeneous and unconsolidated porous media which ultimately depends solely on the porosity of the media. The approach taken is to model a porous medium as either a fibre bed or an array of granules through which the diffusive process is assumed to be homogenous and transversally isotropic. The fibre bed and granular modelsmay be viewed as two-dimensional and three-dimensional models respectively, and may also be combined to form a weighted average model which adjusts to differing diffusive behaviour at different porosities. The model is validated through comparison with published analytical and numerical models as well as experimental data available in the literature. A numerical program is implemented to generate further data for various arrangements of homogeneous, anisotropic and transversely isotropic porous media. The numerical results were validated against an analytical model from the literature which proved to be inapplicable to a specific case. The weighted average analytical model is proposed for this case, instead. The results of this study indicate that the weighted average analytical model is in good agreement with the numerical and experimental data and as such may be applied directly to a binary system of which the porosity is known in order to predict the effective diffusivity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Makroskopiese diffusieprosesse deur poreuse media word oorweeg in sisteme waar geen konveksie van die diffunderende stof plaasvind of geïnduseer word nie. Die wiskundige beskrywing van hierdie prossese bevat die sogenaamde diffusiekoëffisïent, ’n konstante wat uniek is tot ’n tweeledige sisteem. Dié konstante kan eksperimenteel bepaal word, maar as gevolg van die uniekhied daarvan tot verskillende sisteme moet dit vir elke tweeledige sisteem bepaal word. Op grond hiervan word ’n deterministiese model voorgestel om die effektiewe diffusiwiteit vir diffusie deur homogene en losstaande poreuse media te voorspel. Die model hang slegs af van die porositeit van die poreuse medium wat benader word as ’n veselbed of korrelstruktuur. Die diffusieproses deur dergelike strukture word beskou as homogeen en isotroop in die dwarsstroomrigting. Die veselbed- en korrelmodelle word beskou as twee- en driedimensionele modelle onderskeidelik en word gekombineer om ’n geweegde gemiddelde model te vorm wat dus by enige porositeit die verlangde porositeit gee. Die model is geverifieer deur vergelyking met analitiese- en numeriese modelle asook eksperimentele data vanuit die literatuur. ’n Numeriese program is gebruik om verdere resultate te verkry vir verskeie skikkings van homogene, anisotrope en dwarsverskuifde poreuse media. Die numeriese resultate is gekontroleer deur vergelyking met ’n analitiese model vanuit die literatuur. ’n Spesifieke geval is uitgewys waarvoor hierdie model nie toepasbaar is nie, maar waarvoor die voorgestelde geweegde gemiddelde model goeie resultate lewer. Die uitkomste dui aan dat die analitiese model goed ooreenstem met die numeriese en eksperimentele data en kan dus direk toegepas word om die effektiewe diffusiwiteit te verkry van ’n tweeledige sisteem waarvan die porositeit bekend is.
10
Kang, Peter Kyungchul. "Anomalous transport through porous and fractured media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90043.
Abstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Hydrology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 132-144).
Anomalous transport, understood as the nonlinear scaling with time of the mean square displacement of transported particles, is observed in many physical processes, including contaminant transport through porous and fractured geologic media, animal and human foraging patterns, tracer diffusion in biological systems, and transport in complex networks. Understanding the origin of anomalous transport is essential, because it determines the likelihood of high-impact, low-probability events and therefore exerts a dominant control over the predictability of a system. The origin of anomalous transport, however, remains a matter of debate. In this thesis, we first investigate the pore-scale origin of anomalous transport through sandstone. From high-resolution (micron-scale) 3D numerical flow and transport simulation, we find that transport at the pore scale is markedly anomalous. We demonstrate that this anomalous behavior originates from the intermittent structure of the velocity field at the pore scale, which in turn emanates from the interplay between velocity heterogeneity and velocity correlation. Finally, we propose a continuous time random walk (CTRW) model that honors this intermittent structure at the pore scale and captures the anomalous 3D transport behavior at the macroscale. To show the generality of our finding, we study transport through lattice networks with quenched disorder. We again observe anomalous transport originating from the interplay between velocity heterogeneity and velocity correlation. We extend the developed CTRW model to capture the full multidimensional particle transport dynamics for a broad range of network heterogeneities and for both advection- and diffusion-dominated flow regimes. We then study anomalous transport through fractured rock at the field-scale. We show that the interplay between heterogeneity and correlation in controlling anomalous transport can be quantified by combining convergent and push-pull tracer tests because flow reversibility is strongly dependent on correlation, whereas late-time scaling of breakthrough curves is mainly controlled by velocity heterogeneity. Our transport model captures the anomalous behavior in the breakthrough curves for both push-pull and convergent flow geometries, with the same set of parameters. Moreover, the inferred flow correlation length shows qualitative agreement with geophysical measurements. Thus, the proposed correlated CTRW modeling approach furnishes a simple yet powerful framework for characterizing the impact of flow correlation and heterogeneity on transport in porous and fractured media. Finally, we propose a joint flow-seismic inversion methodology for characterizing fractured reservoirs. Traditionally, seismic interpretation of subsurface structures is performed without any account of flow behavior. With the proposed methodology, we reduce the uncertainty by integrating dynamic flow measurements into the seismic interpretation, and improve the predictability of reservoir models by this joint use of seismic and flow data. This work opens up many possibilities of combining geophysical and flow information for improving subsurface characterization.
by Peter Kyungchul Kang.
Ph. D. in Hydrology
Books on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Kraus, Johannes, Mary F. Wheeler, Bastian Peter, and Robert Scheichl. Simulation of flow in porous media: Applications in energy and environment. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co., KG, 2013.
2
1942-, Ingham Derek B., and Pop Ioan I, eds. Transport phenomena in porus media II. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 2002.
3
Harrison, R. M., and R. E. Hester, eds. Transport and the Environment. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847552211.
4
Great Britain. Department of Transport. Transport and the environment. London: Department of Transport, 1987.
5
Sir, Cartledge Bryan, ed. Transport and the environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
6
Great Britain. Department of Transport. Transport and the environment. London: HMSO, 1991.
7
Great Britain. Department of Transport. Transport and the environment. 2nd ed. London: Department of Transport, 1988.
8
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Transport and the environment. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1988.
9
Great Britain. Department of Transport. Transport and the environment. London: Department of Transport, 1991.
10
1951-, Hayashi Yoshitsugu, Button Kenneth John, and Nijkamp Peter, eds. The environment and transport. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1999.
Book chapters on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Wagenet, R. J., P. M. Tillotson, and J. L. Hutson. "Modelling pesticide transport in porous media." In Modern Agriculture and the Environment, 231–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5418-5_19.
2
Jin, An, and Shoou-Yuh Chang. "Radioactive Contaminanant Transport in Subsurface Porous Environment." In Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 181–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_24.
3
Knabner, Peter, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, and Kai Totsche. "Carrier Influenced Transport of Pollutants in Porous Media: Mathematical Modeling." In Soil & Environment, 163–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2018-0_31.
4
Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid, Christiane Maxin, and Kai U. Totsche. "Carrier-Influenced Transport of Pollutants in Porous Media: Experimental Assessment." In Soil & Environment, 515–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2018-0_86.
5
Horta, Mahima John, Yerramilli Sai Rama Krishna, and N. Seetha. "Colloid Transport in Porous Media at Multiple Length Scales." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 559–615. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_23.
6
Jang, Bongsoo, R. D. Jagadeesha, B. M. R. Prasanna, and M. Sankar. "Natural Convection in an Inclined Parallelogrammic Porous Enclosure." In Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment, 279–303. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8773-8_9.
7
Devasena, M., and Indumathi M. Nambi. "Migration and Capillary Entrapment of Mercury in Porous Media." In Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment, 69–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8773-8_2.
8
Lagendijk, Vincent, Axel Braxein, Christian Forkel, and Gerhard Rouvé. "The Modelling of Multiphase Flow and Transport Processes in Porous Media." In Soil & Environment, 221–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_46.
9
Sankar, M., N. Girish, and Z. Siri. "Fully Developed Magnetoconvective Heat Transfer in Vertical Double-Passage Porous Annuli." In Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment, 217–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8773-8_7.
10
Sankar, M., S. Kiran, and Younghae Do. "Effect of Nonuniform Heating on Natural Convection in a Vertical Porous Annulus." In Flow and Transport in Subsurface Environment, 251–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8773-8_8.
Conference papers on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Brčić, David, Siniša Vilke, Serdjo Kos, and Srđan Žuškin. "Redirection aspects of Far East – Central Europe traffic flows: Facts, findings and future tendencies." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.11003.
Abstract:
The multimodal door-to-door transport chain connecting Central Europe with Far East origins predominantly calls the North European ports. However, already the geographic features are dictating the reasonable possibility of routes’ redirection via several alternatives through the Mediterranean Sea. This study represents the continuation of the research in terms of analysis and evaluation of the Southern European freight transport flow through the Northern Adriatic. The aim was to elaborate further on the justification of the possible redirection of cargoes via the Adriatic corridor. In these terms, the land segment of the transport chain from ports to the final destination was isolated and analysed. The authors were primarily guided by natural features, that are respective geographical locations and their mutual distances. For this purpose, container transport on two traffic flows was simulated, with emphasis on the land segment between the second (destination) port and the final destination. Considering the usual freight lines, the door-to-door container transport between origin and destination was selected. Both road and rail transportation modes were investigated. Besides general parameters, such as distances, time, and fuel consumption, the environmental impact for all scenarios was determined for both downstream and final fuel cycle processes. In these terms, basic environmental parameters for four possible scenarios were calculated: energy consumption, emissions of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, non-methane hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. Results are indicating that, together with a significant reduction of sea transportation impacts on the environment, the eventual redirection contributes to emissions’ mitigation and the sustainability of transportation. These results are accompanied by several initiatives in the area. Apart from potential benefits, the findings were discussed from the reliability point of view, i.e. the ability of Northern Adriatic ports and the land infrastructure to successfully take over this task, at least to a certain extent, and finally, in a reasonable future.
2
Yadav, Supriya, Anmol Gupta, Kulwant Singh, Jamil Akhtar, and Niti Nipun Sharma. "Analysis of fluid transport on porous material for flexible microfluidic device applications." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136040.
3
Churchelauri, Mariam. "Maritime Transport Cluster Development in Georgia." In Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.22.
Abstract:
The geopolitical location in Georgia creates opportunities for maritime cluster development. The functioning of the international transport corridor depends on the ports and maritime transport. The country’s strategic location on the ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) route, positioned along the shortest route between China and Europe. The development of maritime cluster gives Georgia the function of international importanceand provides more opportunities for sustainable development. The purpose of this paper relates to the possibilities of establishing maritime clusters in Georgia. Creating a cluster provides new opportunities for innovative handling of technological operations in port logistics. Creation of a maritime cluster on the basis of the Port of Batumi and the port of Poti, should increase the competitiveness of both the ports and other companies – as a cluster member. There are advantages of creating marine clusters in Georgia, such as it's: geopolitical location, attractive investment environment, regulated transportation infrastructure, vast seaport. The need to find solutions to the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening Georgia’s transit function and transformation of the country’s ports into a maritime transport cluster will improve the competitiveness of the Georgian economy after the pandemic.
4
Luo, X. L., Z. L. Gu, J. Chai, X. Z. Meng, Z. Lu, and B. X. Zhu. "Investigation on Moisture and Salt Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media of Relics-Soil in Archaeology Museum." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39488.
Abstract:
The unearthed relics in archaeology museum are usually being presented to the public as still partly connected to their primitive environment. Migration of moisture may cause the carbonate from the soil being deposited on the relic’s surface and some carbonates would react with the penetrating SO2 to form sulphates, which will change the relics’ primitive form and material properties. In this research, experiments were carried out to clarify the migration mechanism of water and salt in a soil-relic-atmosphere coupling environment. The research results show that there existing a one-way transport of moisture from the soil-relics to the air even though the relative humidity approximates to 100%. Meanwhile, the effects of soil properties, air temperature, relative humidity and salt concentration on the transports of moisture and salt are identified.
5
Qian, Yu, Shengwei Zhu, Yi Wang, and Dimitris C. Rizos. "Simulating Fouling Material Transport in Ballast." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6187.
Abstract:
A ballast layer is used to facilitate drainage and load transferring in railroad track structure. With tonnage accumulation, fine materials, such as coal dust, clay, locomotive sand, degraded ballast aggregate, and other small particles, will penetrate into the clean and uniformly graded ballast layer causing contamination, usually referred as fouling. Fouling is unfavorable to railroad track performance due to the reduced drainage and consequent engineering challenges including but not limited to mud pumping, excessive settlement, and reduced bearing capacity. Previous research has investigated the mechanical behavior of the fouled ballast in both the laboratory and the field environment. However, the fundamental mechanism that governs the manner in which the fouling materials are transported and accumulated in the ballast layer is not thoroughly understood. Researchers at the University of South Carolina have initiated the effort to investigate the fouling process in the ballast layer. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is used to study the fluid flow patterns in order to quantify the transport behavior of the fine particles within the ballast layer and potential impact to the track performance and drainage. Specifically, the ballast layer is treated as a porous material, and the fouling materials are modeled as distinct individual particles to assess the probability of their trajectory location. This paper presents the preliminary results of the simulated path of the fouling materials in the ballast layer under seepage, and demonstrates the capability of the developed algorithm to quantify the effects of the ballast layer characteristics on fouling materials transport. The findings from this study will be beneficial for optimizing shoulder ballast cleaning or undercutting practices.
6
Kowalska, Danuta, Paweł Iwanowski, and Agata Kowalewska. "Determination of Parametres of the Air-Void System in Airfield Pavement Concrete Using Computed Tomography." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.108.
Abstract:
Immediately after completion airfield pavements begin a gradual deterioration that is attribute to several factors. One of the major elements contribute to airfield pavement deterioration is exposure to the environment (freezingthawing and de-icing salts). Air-voids microstructure in cement-based materials is an important feature related to the freeze-thaw durability of these materials since all the adverse influences are result of potentially harmful ionic fluids and aggressive gas transport through the concrete and the transport properties strongly depend on the morphology of the pores inside the concrete. For revealing the porous microstructure in airfield pavement concrete X-ray tomography method was used. New and advance methodologies have been developed to determine the basic parameters of air entrainment in concrete (total content of the air, specific surface area of the air-voids system, spacing factor and content of micropores) by summing the distances traversed across a given component along a series of regularly spaced lines in one or more planes intersecting the sample. Using the method mentioned above, to meet requirements of PN-EN 480-11 specification (describes procedure for microscopical determination of air voids characteristics in hardened concrete), the original software was applied – AVCT (Air Void by Computed Tomography) computer programme. The specimens for CT testing were cylinders extracted by drilling out from the investigated concrete core or cubic specimen. The CT method does not require any special processing of the surface of tested specimen as opposed the common method according to PN-EN 480-11, by which the properly polished section is a prerequisite for obtaining proper results of air voids characterization. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of air-voids microstructure in concrete conducted with the application of computed tomography method. Exemplary images of distribution and size of air-voids in concrete specimens have been presented. Special attention was paid to obtain effective image resolution.
7
Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Oscar, Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Pedro Fernandez Carrasco, and Pedro Fernandez Carrasco. "SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORT IN CUBA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b942a75a4f1.35107491.
Abstract:
The change in the present conditions and the end of the United States embargo to Cuba is expected that is going to produce a big deal transformation in the whole production system. Cuba as an Island is bound to use the sea as the main way of transportation. That means that a huge increase in the use of the coastal waters as well as in the lands that will be occupied by the new ports facilities. This paper will deal with a modelization of the future development of the maritime transport and the effect that it will cause to the population and the environment. Different scenarios are going to be considered and an assessment of the affection of each one is going to be analyzed. The aim is to balance a legitimate future development that the population deserves with the preservation of the enormous value of the Cuban natural maritime assets.
8
Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Oscar, Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Pedro Fernandez Carrasco, and Pedro Fernandez Carrasco. "SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORT IN CUBA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431580f414.
Abstract:
The change in the present conditions and the end of the United States embargo to Cuba is expected that is going to produce a big deal transformation in the whole production system. Cuba as an Island is bound to use the sea as the main way of transportation. That means that a huge increase in the use of the coastal waters as well as in the lands that will be occupied by the new ports facilities. This paper will deal with a modelization of the future development of the maritime transport and the effect that it will cause to the population and the environment. Different scenarios are going to be considered and an assessment of the affection of each one is going to be analyzed. The aim is to balance a legitimate future development that the population deserves with the preservation of the enormous value of the Cuban natural maritime assets.
9
Pennella, Francesco, Piergiorgio Gentile, Marco A. Deriu, Diego Gallo, Alessandro Schiavi, Gianluca Ciardelli, Eric Lorenz, Alfons G. Hoekstra, Alberto Audenino, and Umberto Morbiducci. "A Virtual Test Bench to Study Transport Phenomena in 3D Porous Scaffolds Using Lattice Boltzmann Simulations." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14489.
Abstract:
In tissue engineering (TE), scaffolds are widely used to provide a suitable and native-like environment for cell growth, organization, and proliferation. Microstructure of TE scaffolds is fundamental to the cell attachment and in-depth penetration, in conjunction with biological factors as cell seeding and nutrients supply. In particular, several studies have established that an adequate transport of nutrient through the scaffold is fundamental for culturing cells [1]. Hence, the easiness at which fluids/species move through the scaffold and friction forces exherted from fluid motion, have a marked impact in TE processes [2]. Mass transport through scaffolds is a phenomenon that can be described at different scales, the molecular level (nanoscale), the single-pore dimension level (microscale) and the whole-sample level (macroscale). In this work we present a virtual test bench where realistic 3D models of porous TE scaffolds are reconstructed from micro-CT images and the transport phenomena through them is simulated in silico by applying the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The final aim is to create an effective in silico tool suitable to study and optimize transport phenomena of porous scaffolds. The application of the LBM is justified by its versatility in simulating flows in irregular porous media (i.e. simplicity of handling complex boundaries) and in providing insights into transport properties such as permeability [3–4] and physical quantities as the shear stress, which are barely achievable experimentally [2]. Here, the virtual tool is applied to evaluate the performance of three biomimetic bioactive glass/polymer composite porous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration with well-known mechanical and chemical properties, but never characterized in terms of transport phenomena. The in silico results are macroscopically validated in terms of permeability (kC) by comparison with experimental permeability (kE) measurements obtained by means of a dedicated test bench, very recently proposed for the characterization of porous media [5].
10
Escobar, Jose A., Suryanarayana R. Pakalapati, Jagannath R. Nanduri, and Ismail B. Celik. "Direct Simulation of Mass Transport in a SOFC Cathode Using Microchannels." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82205.
Abstract:
Fuel cells are clean and efficient power generation devices which are being widely investigated under the efforts to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), especially, are suitable for stationary power generation using a wide range of alternative fuels. Performance of a SOFC strongly depends on the mass transport inside the porous electrodes which are essentially composed of a network of microchannels. In this study the mass transport inside a SOFC cathode is studied using direct simulation of mass transport in microchannels along with statistical analysis. A virtual cathode is built using microchannels that are representative of continuous flow paths between the cathode/air stream interface and cathode/electrolyte interface of a SOFC. Different representative microchannel flow paths are built with varying tortuosity and channel diameters. The numbers of channels of each kind are chosen according to a normal distribution and they are randomly arranged in an appropriately sized cuboid to construct a unit block of the virtual cathode. The normal distribution is modulated with average and standard deviation values for real world electrodes found in literature. Microchannels are tightly packed to achieve the desired porosity. Mass transport in each of the channels is studied separately using commercial CFD software FLUENT. Three dimensional simulations of momentum and specie transport equations (for oxygen and nitrogen) are performed. The results from individual channel simulations are used to assess the global mass transfer characteristics of the virtual cathode. Results obtained using this approach will be compared with those from a continuum Fick’s law type diffusion model used to simulate mass transport in porous media. The primary objective is to test the assumptions employed within the context of continuum mass transport model.
Reports on the topic "Transport in porus environment":
1
Lerche, Jon, Bahram Dehghan, Ishita Sharma, Peter Enevoldsen, Michael Ax, Bjørnar Thorsen, Ramina Siamandu, Emily Tynes, and Tharsika Pakeerathan Srirajan. Electrification of Scandinavian Ports : An Interreg project - final report. Det Kgl. Bibliotek, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.460.
Abstract:
The SETS II project facilitates a faster conversion to sustainable electrical operations in the ports of the Kattegat-Skagerrak Region. It aims at ensuring a green and flexible energy supply in port areas and a reduction in CO2 and particle emissions. The regional ports will be models, which can further contribute to the promotion of a full-scale sustainable transport system in the cross-border region. SETS II promotes cross-border and cross-sector cooperation in the region regarding new methods, approaches, and solutions related to port electrification. Cooperation has been conducted across university environments, public actors, business promotion organizations, local authorities, utilities, advisors and private companies. The project supports ports in preparing electrification plans with an accompanying strategy for implementation. It focuses on electrification and potential battery operation in maritime areas as well as technical service, business models, and financing models.
2
Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.
Abstract:
The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
3
Chambre, P. L., T. H. Pigford, W. W. L. Lee, J. Ahn, S. Kajiwara, C. L. Kim, H. Kimura, H. Lung, W. J. Williams, and S. J. Zavoshy. Mass transfer and transport in a geologic environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5161610.
4
Sternberg, Richard W., and Andrea Ogston. Field Studies of Sediment Transport in the Nearshore Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627648.
5
Sternberg, Richard W. Field Studies Of Sediment Transport In The Nearshore Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629747.
6
Smith, Emma, Julie Webster, and Annette Stumpf. Autonomous Transport Innovation : the regulatory environment of autonomous vehicles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42025.
Abstract:
This technical note series under the Autonomous Transport Innovation research program is intended to be a primer on autonomous vehicles (AVs), their testing, and associated infrastructure. A review of the regulatory environment for autonomous vehicles is necessary to define rules imposed on technology or operations of autonomous vehicles in various capacities. Acknowledging such regulation will aid in productive closed-course site development by structuring the course based on what autonomous vehicle developers and manufacturers must program their vehicles to adhere to in a given setting.
7
Webb, Catherine M., Arthur Estrada, Jeremy R. Athy, Edna Rath, Melody King, and Brad Bumgardner. Motion Sickness Prevention by Stroboscopic Environment during Simulated Military Transport. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada504412.
8
Grilli, Stephan T. Wave Induced Mine Burial and Sediment Transport in Coastal Environment: Wave and Sediment Transport Modeling Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada514989.
9
Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
Abstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
10
Murphy, C. E. Jr. The transport, dispersion, and cycling of tritium in the environment. [Contains Bibliography]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6324878.