Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport entropique'
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Baradat, Aymeric. "Transport optimal incompressible : dépendance aux données et régularisation entropique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX016/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Incompressible Optimal Transport, a minimization problem introduced by Brenier in the late 80's, aiming at describing the evolution of an incompressible and inviscid fluid in a Lagrangian way , i.e. by prescribing the state of the fluid at the initial and final times and by minimizing some functional among the set of admissible dynamics. This text is divided into two parts.In the first part, we study the dependence of this optimization problem with respect to the data. More precisely, we analyse the dependence of the pressure field, the Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the incompressibility constraint, with respect to the endpoint conditions, described by a probability measure γ determining the state of the fluid at the initial and final times. We show in Chapter 2 by purely variational methods that the gradient of the pressure field, as an element of a space that is close to the dual of C^1, is a Hölder continuous function of γ for the Monge-Kantorovic distance. On the other hand, we prove in Chapter 4 that for all r>1 the pressure field, as an element of L^r_t L^1_x, cannot be a Lipschitz continuous function of γ for the Monge-Kantorovic distance. This last statement is linked to an ill-posedness result proved in Chapter 3 for the so-called kinetic Euler equation, a kinetic PDE interpreted as the optimality equation of the Incompressible Optimal Transport problem.In the second part, we are interested in the entropic regularization of the Incompressible Optimal Transport problem: the so-called Brödinger problem, introduced by Arnaudon, Cruzeiro, Léonard and Zambrini in 2017. On the one hand, we prove in Chapter 5 that similarly to what happens in the Incompressible Optimal Transport case, to a solution always corresponds a scalar pressure field acting as the Lagrange multiplier for the incompressibility constraint. On the other hand, we prove in Chapter 6 that when the diffusivity coefficient tends to zero, the Brödinger problem converges towards the Incompressible Optimal Transport problem in the sense of Gamma-convergence, and with convergence of the pressure fields. The results of Chapter 6 come from a joint work with L. Monsaingeon
Thurin, Gauthier. "Quantiles multivariés et transport optimal régularisé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0262.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the study of the Monge-Kantorovich quantile function. We first address the crucial question of its estimation, which amounts to solve an optimal transport problem. In particular, we try to take advantage of the knowledge of the reference distribution, that represents additional information compared with the usual algorithms, and which allows us to parameterize the transport potentials by their Fourier series. Doing so, entropic regularization provides two advantages: to build an efficient and convergent algorithm for solving the semi-dual version of our problem, and to obtain a smooth and monotonic empirical quantile function. These considerations are then extended to the study of spherical data, by replacing the Fourier series with spherical harmonics, and by generalizing the entropic map to this non-Euclidean setting. The second main purpose of this thesis is to define new notions of multivariate superquantiles and expected shortfalls, to complement the information provided by the quantiles. These functions characterize the law of a random vector, as well as convergence in distribution under certain assumptions, and have direct applications in multivariate risk analysis, to extend the traditional risk measures of Value-at-Risk and Conditional-Value-at-Risk
Caron, Jérôme. "Etude et validation clinique d'un modèle aux moments entropique pour le transport de particules énergétiques : application aux faisceaux d'électrons pour la radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0452/document.
Full textIn radiotherapy field, dose deposition simulations in patients are performed on Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) equipped with specific algorithms that differ in the way they model the physical interaction processes of electrons and photons. Although those clinical TPS are fast, they show significant discrepancies in the neighbooring of inhomogeneous tissues. My work consisted in validating for clinical electron beams an entropic moments based algorithm called M1. Develelopped in CELIA for warm and dense plasma simulations, M1 relies on the the resolution of the linearized Boltzmann kinetic equation for particles transport according to a moments decomposition. M1 equations system requires a closure based on H-Theorem (entropy maximisation). M1 dose deposition maps of 9 and 20 MeV electron beams simulations were compared to those extracted from reference codes simulations : clinical macro Monte-Carlo (eMC) and full Monte-carlo (GEANT4-MCNPX) codes and from experimental data as well. The different test cases consisted in homogeneous et complex inhomogeneous fantoms with bone and lung inserts. We found that M1 model provided a dose deposition accuracy better than some Pencil Beam Kernel algorithm and close of those furnished by clinical macro and academic full Monte-carlo codes, even in the worst inhomogeneous cases. Time calculation performances were also investigated and found better than the Monte-Carlo codes
Mallet, Jessy. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique multi-échelle du transport cinétique électronique dans un plasma chaud." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14584/document.
Full textIn plasma physics, the transport of electrons can be described from a kinetic point of view or from an hydrodynamical point of view.Classically in kinetic theory, a Fokker-Planck equation coupled with Maxwell equations is used to describe the evolution of electrons in a collisional plasma. More precisely the solution of the kinetic equations is a non-negative distribution function f specifying the density of particles as a function of velocity of particles, the time and the position in space. In order to approximate the solution of such problems, many computational methods have been developed. Here, a deterministic method is proposed in a planar geometry. This method is based on different high order numerical schemes. Each deterministic scheme used presents many fundamental properties such as conservation of flux particles, preservation of positivity of the distribution function and conservation of energy. However the kinetic computation of this accurate method is too expensive to be used in practical computation especially in multi-dimensional space.To reduce the computational time, the plasma can be described by an hydrodynamic model. However for the new high energy target drivers, the kinetic effects are too important to neglect them and replace kinetic calculus by usual macroscopic Euler models.That is why an alternative approach is proposed by considering an intermediate description between the fluid and the kinetic level. To describe the transport of electrons, the new reduced kinetic model M1 proposed is based on a moment approach for Maxwell-Fokker-Planck equations. This moment model uses integration of the electron distribution function on the propagating direction and retains only the energy of particles as kinetic variable. The velocity variable is written in spherical coordinates and the model is written by considering the system of moments with respect to the angular variable. The closure of the moments system is obtained under the assumption that the distribution function is a minimum entropy function. This model is proved to satisfy fundamental properties such as the non-negativity of the distribution function, conservation laws for collision operators and entropy dissipation. Moreover an entropic discretization in the velocity variable is proposed on the semi-discrete model. Moreover the M1 model can be generalized to the MN model by considering N given moments. The N-moments model obtained also preserves fundamental properties such as conservation laws and entropy dissipation. The associated semi-discrete scheme is shown to preserve the conservation properties and entropy decay
Jimenez, Julien. "Modèles non linéaires de transport dans un milieu poreux hétérogène." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204610.
Full textEn premier lieu nous considérons un problème couplé hyperbolique/hyperbolique. Sous une condition de non dégénérescence du flux, nous avons obtenu un résultat d'existence et d'unicité d'une solution faible entropique d'abord en dimension 1 d'espace puis en dimension quelconque. La preuve de l'unicité est basée sur la méthode de dédoublement des variables due à S.N. Kruzkov puis sur un raisonnement presque partout à l'interface. Dans le cas particulier de la dimension 1 l'existence s'obtient par une régularisation adéquate du coefficient discontinu dans le terme de convection alors que nous utilisons la méthode de viscosité artificielle dans le cas général.
En second lieu nous traitons le cas de termes de convection qui apparaissent dans l'ingénierie pétrolière pour lesquels la condition de non dégénérescence de la non linéarité n'est pas vérifiée. Nous ne pouvons donc pas adapter les méthodes précédemment utilisées. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés à un problème couplé perturbé où sur l'un des deux ouverts un terme de diffusion est ajouté. Sous l'hypothèse que les caractéristiques provenant de la zone hyperbolique sont sortantes à l'interface, l'unicité d'une solution faible entropique est établie. La méthode de viscosité artificielle et la notion de processus entropique nous permettent de prouver le résultat d'existence .
Jobic, Yann. "Numerical approach by kinetic methods of transport phenomena in heterogeneous media." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4723/document.
Full textA novel kinetic scheme satisfying an entropy condition is developed, tested and implemented for the simulation of practical problems. The construction of this new entropic scheme is presented. A classical hyperbolic system is approximated by a discrete velocity vector kinetic scheme (with the simplified BGK collisional operator), but applied to an inviscid compressible gas dynamics system with a small Mach number parameter, according to the approach of Carfora and Natalini (2008). The numerical viscosity is controlled, and tends to the physical viscosity of the Navier-Stokes system. The proposed numerical scheme is analyzed and formulated as an explicit finite volume flux vector splitting (FVS) scheme that is very easy to implement. It is close in spirit to Lattice Boltzmann schemes, but it has the advantage to satisfy a discrete entropy inequality under a CFL condition and a subcharacteristic stability condition involving a cell Reynolds number. The new scheme is proved to be second-order accurate in space. We show the efficiency of the method in terms of accuracy and robustness on a variety of classical benchmark tests. Some physical problems have been studied in order to show the usefulness of both schemes. The LB code was successfully used to determine the longitudinal dispersion of metallic foams, with the use of a novel indicator. The entropic code was used to determine the permeability tensor of various porous media, from the Fontainebleau sandstone (low porosity) to a redwood tree sample (high porosity). These results are pretty accurate. Finally, the entropic framework is applied to the advection-diffusion equation as a passive scalar
Nenna, Luca. "Numerical Methods for Multi-Marginal Optimal Transportation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED017/document.
Full textIn this thesis we aim at giving a general numerical framework to approximate solutions to optimal transport (OT) problems. The general idea is to introduce an entropic regularization of the initialproblems. The regularized problem corresponds to the minimization of a relative entropy with respect a given reference measure. Indeed, this is equivalent to find the projection of the joint coupling with respect the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This allows us to make use the Bregman/Dykstra’s algorithm and solve several variational problems related to OT. We are especially interested in solving multi-marginal optimal transport problems (MMOT) arising in Physics such as in Fluid Dynamics (e.g. incompressible Euler equations à la Brenier) and in Quantum Physics (e.g. Density Functional Theory). In these cases we show that the entropic regularization plays a more important role than a simple numerical stabilization. Moreover, we also give some important results concerning existence and characterization of optimal transport maps (e.g. fractal maps) for MMOT
Osenciat, Nicolas. "Propriétés de transport dans les oxydes à haute entropie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF005.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to assess the potential of a new material for solid-state electrolyte applications in all-solid-state batteries and/or micro-batteries. This new compound, which exhibits remarkable Li+ and Na+ ionic conductivity, belongs to a new class of oxides, recently discovered by Rost et al. (Nature Communication, 2015). This new family is formed through configuration entropy stabilisation, at high temperature, into a simple single phase, from a complex mixture of binary oxides (in our case NaCl-Rocksalt structure). We have studied the charge compensation mechanisms involved in the synthesis of the (MgCoNiCuZn)1−xLixO series and the influence of their composition on their ionic conductivity properties. We have attempted to densify these compounds at low temperature using the original Cold Sintering Process, without succeeding in obtaining defect-free ceramics. Finally, we have also developed and described the crystallographic structure and the electrochemical behaviour of a new anode material (possibly compatible with these entropy-stabilised oxides), the Li2(Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)Ti3O8 multicationic lithium titanate
Burada, Poornachandra Sekhar. "Entropic transport in confined media." kostenfrei, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991298292/34.
Full textMa, Ta-Yu. "Modèle dynamique de transport basé sur les activités." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003309.
Full textRaison, Antoine. "Synthèse de couches minces d'oxydes à haute entropie et étude de leurs propriétés de transport." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF032.
Full textEntropy-stabilized oxides are a family of materials first studied by Rost et al. in 2015 and characterized by their high configurational entropy. Configurational entropy dominates Gibbs free enthalpy above a certain temperature and compensates for a positive enthalpy of formation, driving the formation of new compounds. The entropy-stabilized oxide (MgCoNiCuZn)O, reported in 2015, has a high resistivity and dielectric constant, making it promising for integration in electronic components, such as capacitors. To this end, it would be useful to be able to synthesize these materials by CVD, enabling conformal deposition on complex substrates. The aim of this thesis was therefore to deposit the entropy-stabilized oxide (MgCoNiCuZn)O by MOCVD and to study its transport properties. In the course of this work, we were to produce chemical vapor deposition (CVD) films of multicationic oxides containing up to five elements. These thin films were deposited on various substrates (silicon, sapphire, MgO and inconel) and we studied the formation of these oxides and the influence of the substrate.It is shown in this thesis that the entropy-stabilized phase does not form after MOCVD deposition. To obtain it, post-deposition heat treatment at temperatures above 875°C is required. On the other hand, this work describes how to synthesize a single-crystal layer of the entropy-stabilized oxide from a (CoNiCuZn)O deposit on a single-crystal MgO substrate, by diffusion of the deposited elements into the latter. At each stage, the deposits were characterized by several techniques, including grazing incidence XRD, SEM, AFM, XPS and STEM. The electrical properties of the films were studied using a variety of methods, taking into account the conductivity of the substrate. Impedance spectroscopy of samples deposited on conductive substrates revealed very high resistance, which increases with the formation of the entropy-stabilized phase. On the other hand, capacitance is quite low. Taken together, this work opens the way to interesting prospects, in particular the synthesis of new high-entropy oxides or other complex oxides by MOCVD
Mbarki, Omar. "Etude des contributions enthalpiques et entropiques à la variation d'énergie libre redox de protéines de transfert d'électrons : cytochromes et protéines fer-soufre." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11021.
Full textBen, Sâad Rym. "Etude mathématique du transport dans les systèmes ouverts de fermions." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22037.pdf.
Full textMa, Tai-Yu. "Modèle dynamique de transport basé sur les activités." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003309.
Full textWlassow, Fabien. "Analyse instationnaire aérothermique d'un étage de turbine avec transport de points chauds." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769954.
Full textNguyen, Frederic. "TRANSPORT DANS UN PLASMA DE FUSION EN PRESENCE D'UN CHAMP MAGNETIQUE CHAOTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011403.
Full textnumérique Mastoc, la topologie de la connexion magnétique sur la paroi est détenninée précisément. Il est ainsi possible de décrire le transport des particules et de l'énergie depuis le plasma confiné jusqu'aux éléments de paroi. Cette étude éclaire certaines des principales observations de l'expérience Tore Supra en configuration divertor ergodique : l'étalement du dépôt de puissance sur les différents éléments de la paroi sans concentration anormale, la robustesse de cette configuration vis-à-vis de défauts d'alignement, les structures visibles en lumière Ha lors de réattachement de plasma. Afin d'étudier le transport des ions impuretés, une approche variationnelle par minimum de production d'entropie a été développée. Ce principe variationnel est appliqué au calcul de la diffusion néoclassique des ions impuretés dans le champ électrique radial moyen. Ce champ électrique déconfine les ions si le profil de pression n'est pas équilibré par une force de Laplace, c'est-à-dire si le plasma est bloqué en rotation, poloïdale et toroïdale, par une perturbationmagnétiqueou une force friction.
Zhou, Huide. "Concepts thermodynamiques et d'entropie pour la modélisation et la régulation d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0231/document.
Full textIn this work, we have presented a thermodynamic point of view for the transportation network. Analogies have been drawn between thermodynamic and transportation systems by considering traffic lanes as thermodynamic sub-systems and the vehicles as the abstract energy supplied to them. In addition, the concepts of thermal capacity and temperature are also introduced into transportation context to correspond to lane capacity and occupancy respectively. Then, it has been demonstrated that the first law of thermodynamics corresponds to the conservation of vehicles. It is also demonstrated that the transportation network can have a similar notion of entropy. Such transportation entropy is a measure of disorder of the system and hence may provide deep insight in the analysis of transportation control problems. In particular, this work has presented a dissipativity phenomenon of transportation entropy that reduces the system disorder and hence renders the system better organized. Though this phenomenon doesn’t exist naturally in transportation context, the ways to construct feedback control strategies have been proposed to achieve such objective by means of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). However, since transportation systems involve massive complex human activities, there exist substantial unpredictable uncertainties of the traffic demands. In this context, we have proposed a robust controller for disturbance attenuation of transportation network. The errors between input flows and the nominal ones are considered as disturbances and a constrained H∞ control has been formulated in terms of maximization of the tolerance under control constraints. The problem of disturbance attenuation is solved by means of a convex optimization with Linear Matrix Inequality. Finally, two types of networks (arterial and grid) are carried out to illustrate the performances of our strategies
Ripani, Luigia. "Le problème de Schrödinger et ses liens avec le transport optimal et les inégalités fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1274/document.
Full textIn the past 20 years the optimal transport theory revealed to be an efficient tool to study the asymptotic behavior for diffusion equations, to prove functional inequalities, to extend geometrical properties in extremely general spaces like metric measure spaces, etc. The curvature-dimension of the Bakry-Émery theory appears as the cornerstone of those applications. Just think to the easier and most important case of the quadratic Wasserstein distance W2: contraction of the heat flow in W2 characterizes uniform lower bounds for the Ricci curvature; the transport Talagrand inequality, comparing W2 to the relative entropy is implied and implies via the HWI inequality the log-Sobolev inequality; McCann geodesics in the Wasserstein space (P2(Rn),W2) allow to prove important functional properties like convexity, and standard functional inequalities, such as isoperimetry, measure concentration properties, the Prékopa Leindler inequality and so on. However the lack of regularity of optimal maps, requires non-smooth analysis arguments. The Schrödinger problem is an entropy minimization problem with marginal constraints and a fixed reference process. From the Large deviation theory, when the reference process is driven by the Brownian motion, its minimal value A converges to W2 when the temperature goes to zero. The entropic interpolations, solutions of the Schrödinger problem, are characterized in terms of Markov semigroups, hence computation along them naturally involves Γ2 computations and the curvature-dimension condition. Dating back to the 1930s, and neglected for decades, the Schrödinger problem recently enjoys an increasing popularity in different fields, thanks to this relation to optimal transport, smoothness of solutions and other well performing properties in numerical computations. The aim of this work is twofold. First we study some analogy between the Schrödinger problem and optimal transport providing new proofs of the dual Kantorovich and the dynamic Benamou-Brenier formulations for the entropic cost A. Secondly, as an application of these connections we derive some functional properties and inequalities under curvature-dimensions conditions. In particular, we prove the concavity of the exponential entropy along entropic interpolations under the curvature-dimension condition CD(0, n) and regularity of the entropic cost along the heat flow. We also give different proofs the Evolutionary Variational Inequality for A and contraction of the heat flow in A, recovering as a limit case the classical results in W2, under CD(κ,∞) and also in the flat dimensional case. Finally we propose an easy proof of the Gaussian concentration property via the Schrödinger problem as an alternative to classical arguments as the Marton argument which is based on optimal transport
Touati, Michaël. "Fast Electron Transport Study for Inertial Confinement Fusion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0076/document.
Full textA new hybrid reduced model for relativistic electron beam transport in solids and dense plasmas is presented. It is based on the two first angular moments of the relativistic kinetic equation completed with the Minerbo maximum angular entropy closure. It takes into account collective effects with the self-generated electromagnetic fields as well as collisional effects with the slowing down of the elec- trons in collisions with plasmons, bound and free electrons and their angular scattering on both ions and electrons. This model allows for fast computations of relativistic electron beam transport while describing the kinetic distribution function evolution. Despite the loss of information concerning the angular distribution of the electron beam, the model reproduces analytical estimates in the academic case of a collimated and monoenergetic electron beam propagating through a warm and dense Hydro- gen plasma and hybrid PIC simulation results in a realistic laser-generated electron beam transport in a solid target. The model is applied to the study of the emission of Kα photons in laser-solid experiments and to the generation of shock waves
Chizat, Lénaïc. "Transport optimal de mesures positives : modèles, méthodes numériques, applications." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED063/document.
Full textThis thesis generalizes optimal transport beyond the classical "balanced" setting of probability distributions. We define unbalanced optimal transport models between nonnegative measures, based either on the notion of interpolation or the notion of coupling of measures. We show relationships between these approaches. One of the outcomes of this framework is a generalization of the p-Wasserstein metrics. Secondly, we build numerical methods to solve interpolation and coupling-based models. We study, in particular, a new family of scaling algorithms that generalize Sinkhorn's algorithm. The third part deals with applications. It contains a theoretical and numerical study of a Hele-Shaw type gradient flow in the space of nonnegative measures. It also adresses the case of measures taking values in the cone of positive semi-definite matrices, for which we introduce a model that achieves a balance between geometrical accuracy and algorithmic efficiency
Carrapatoso, Kléber. "Théorèmes asymptotiques pour les équations de Boltzmann et de Landau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920455.
Full textHerda, Maxime. "Analyse asymptotique et numérique de quelques modèles pour le transport de particules chargées." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1165/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of some models of partial differential equations from plasma physics. We are mainly interested in the theoretical study of various asymptotic regimes of Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck systems. First, in the presence of an external magnetic field, we focus on the approximation of massless electrons providing reduced models when the ratio me{mi between the mass me of an electron and the mass mi of an ion tends to 0 in the equations. Depending on the scaling, it is shown that, at the limit, solutions satisfy hydrodynamic models of convection-diffusion type or are given by Maxwell-Boltzmann-Gibbs densities depending on the intensity of collisions. Using hypocoercive and hypoelliptic properties of the equations, we are able to obtain convergence rates as a function of the mass ratio. In a second step, by similar methods, we show exponential convergence of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system without magnetic field towards the steady state, with explicit rates depending on the parameters of the model. Finally, we design a new type of finite volume scheme for a class of nonlinear convection-diffusion equations ensuring the satisfying long-time behavior of discrete solutions. These properties are verified numerically on several models including the Fokker-Planck equation with magnetic field
Tamanini, Luca. "Analysis and Geometry of RCD spaces via the Schrödinger problem." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100082/document.
Full textMain aim of this manuscript is to present a new interpolation technique for probability measures, which is strongly inspired by the Schrödinger problem, an entropy minimization problem deeply related to optimal transport. By means of the solutions to the Schrödinger problem, we build an efficient approximation scheme, robust up to the second order and different from Brenier-McCann's classical one. Such scheme allows us to prove the second order differentiation formula along geodesics in finite-dimensional RCD* spaces. This formula is new even in the context of Alexandrov spaces and we provide some applications.The proof relies on new, even in the smooth setting, estimates concerning entropic interpolations which we believe are interesting on their own. In particular we obtain:- equiboundedness of the densities along the entropic interpolations,- equi-Lipschitz continuity of the Schrödinger potentials,- a uniform weighted L2 control of the Hessian of such potentials. These tools are very useful in the investigation of the geometric information encoded in entropic interpolations. The techniques used in this work can be also used to show that the viscous solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation can be obtained via a vanishing viscosity method, in accordance with the smooth case. Throughout the whole manuscript, several remarks on the physical interpretation of the Schrödinger problem are pointed out. Hopefully, this will allow the reader to better understand the physical and probabilistic motivations of the problem as well as to connect them with the analytical and geometric nature of the dissertation
Hillion, Erwan. "Analyse et géométrie dans les espaces métriques mesurés : inégalités de Borell-Brascamp-Lieb et conjecture de Olkin-Shepp." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1592/.
Full textThe work done during this PhD thesis is based on the theory of Ricci curvature bounds in measured length spaces, developed by Sturm, Lott and Villani, using deep results coming from the optimal transportation theory. In a first part, we study two families of functional inequalities, called Prékopa-Leindler and Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities, and show that they allows us to give an alternate definition to Ricci curvature bounds, satisfying a "wishlist" similar to the one fulfilled by the Sturm-Lott- Villani condition CD(K,N). The second part is about a possible generalization of Sturm-Lott-Villani definition in a discrete setting. We emphasise the case of the translation of probability measures on a linear graph, and study the convexity of entropy along such a translation. The expression of this translation as a binomial convolution enlightens a conjecture stated by Olkin and Shepp about the entropy of sums of idependent Bernoulli random variables, for which we give a partial proof
Ngom, Timack. "Etude mathématique et numérique de quelques modèles d'écoulement en couches minces : application à la sédimentation." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS017.
Full textIn this thesis, we have been interested in the primitive equations and Shallow Water equations in a mathematical and numerical context. Indeed, to obtain Shallow Water equations as well as primitive equations, we have considered a flow gouverned by Navier-Stokes equations and which takes place in a thin domain. This permits us to introduce a parameter epsilon, equal to the ratio between the charateristic depth and charateristic length of the domain, assumed to be small. To obtain the primitive equations we have neglected all the terms of epsilon order in the Navier-Stokes equations. Concerning the Shallow Water equations, we have done a formal asymptotic expansion and an averaging to respect the vertical component. For the mathematical study, the techniques we have used are based on a particular entropy, namely the BD entropy. For the numerical study, we have used the Finite Volumes method. We have adopted a VF Roe scheme which consists in solving a linearized Rieman's problem to compute the fluxes. Finally, we have combined the derivation techniques of Shallow Water equations and those of primitive equations to obtain, out of Vlasov equation and Navier-Stokes equations, a sediment transport model
Allemand, Thibaut. "Modèles mathématiques pour les gaz quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548177.
Full textPawula, Florent. "Particularités des oxydes de ruthénium sondées par l'effet Seebeck." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC225/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis, the structural study and the magnetic properties and electronic transport studies of different ruthenium oxide families, presenting various magnetic and electronic behaviors, with rutile, R-type hexaferrite and hollandite structures. The goal of this thesis was the study of the ruthenium oxide peculiarities probed by the Seebeck effect in the following materials: RuO2 rutile (edge-shared RuO6 chain interconnected by their vertices) with Boltzmann type transport dominated by electron-phonon interactions, BaCo2Ru4O11 et BaMn2Ru4O11 R-type hexaferrites (edge-shared RuO6 octahedra, forming kagome planes, and face-shared RuO6 octahedra) soft ferromagnetic bad metals, and two new hollandites Sr1.5Ru6.1Cr1.9O16 et Ba1.5Ru6.1Cr1.9O16 (double chains of edge-shared RuO6 octahedra, interconnected by their vertices) with localized transport and cluster-glass behavior. The synthesis of both new hollandites by solid state reaction allowed us to show the existence of negative magnetoresistance in this compound family. This thesis shows that the behavior of the Seebeck coefficient of ruthenium oxides with structures mainly consisting of edge-shared RuO6 octahedra presents two different behaviors. At low T, S strongly depends on the crystallographic structure and on the associated electronic structure. On the other hand, in the high T limit, S tends a common value independently of the structure as reported here for the R-type hexaferrites and the hollandites and as previously observed in the ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3 perovskite (apex-shared RuO6 octahedra) and in the metallic with Pauli-type magnetism quadruple perovskite LaCu3Ru4O12 (apex-shared RuO6 octahedra). In these R-type hexaferrites BaCo2Ru4O11 and BaMn2Ru4O11 and these two new hollandites Sr1.5Ru6.1Cr1.9O16 and Ba1.5Ru6.1Cr1.9O16, the high temperature Seebeck coefficient reaches a value dominated by the Ru spin entropy term
El, Safadi Mouhamad. "Application de la décomposition de Littlewood-Paley à la régularité pour des équations cinétiques de type Boltzmann." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195091.
Full textDans une première partie, nous étudions le cas particulier des molécules Maxwelliennes. Sous cette hypothèse, la structure de l'opérateur de Boltzmann et de sa tranformée de Fourier s'expriment de manière simple. Nous montrons ainsi une régularité globale C^\infty.
Ensuite, nous traitons le cas des sections efficaces générales avec "potentiel dur". Nous nous intéressons d'abord à l'équation de Landau. C'est une équation limite de l'équation de Boltzmann prenant en compte les collisions rasantes. Nous prouvons que toute solution faible appartient à l'espace de Schwartz S. Nous démontrons ensuite une régularité identique pour le cas de l'équation de Boltzmann. Notons que notre méthode s'applique directement pour toutes les dimensions, en signalant que les preuves sont souvent plus simples comparées à d'autres preuves plus anciennes.
Enfin, nous terminons avec l'équation de Boltzmann-Dirac. En particulier, nous adaptons le résultat de régularité obtenu dans le travail de Alexandre, Desvillettes, Wennberg et Villani, en utilisant le taux de dissipation d'entropie relatif à l'équation de Boltzmann-Dirac.
Borsoni, Thomas. "Contributions autour de l'équation de Boltzmann et certaines de ses variantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS099.
Full textWe study some variants of the Boltzmann equation, the latter describing, via a classical approach, single and monatomic rarefied gases at the mesoscopic scale. First, we propose a general framework for Boltzmann modelling of polyatomic gases, encompassing a wide class of pre-existing models and allowing to build new ones. Primarily presented for a single gas, the framework is then extended to mixtures, within which we allow binary chemical reactions. Second, we focus on a singular type of polyatomic gas, the molecules of which undergo resonant collisions, and prove a compactness property of the linearized operator related to this model. In order to make the latter resonant framework more flexible, we then propose a Boltzmann formalism with quasi-resonant collisions, study its key properties and conduct numerical experiences to support our understanding of them. Third, we turn our attention towards a Boltzmann equation which includes Pauli's exclusion principle, notably used in the study of electron distributions in semi-conductors. We develop a method that allows to transfer some functional inequalities, related to entropy, which are known in the classical case, to this quantum case. As a consequence, we use these new inequalities to obtain an explicit rate of relaxation to equilibrium for solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann-Fermi-Dirac equation with cut-off hard potentials
Han-Kwan, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude mathématique des plasmas fortement magnétisés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615169.
Full textGraille, Benjamin. "Modélisation de mélanges gazeux réactifs ionisés dissipatifs." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007444.
Full texttransport à partir d'un modèle de type Boltzmann par un développement de Enskog. Nous étudions alors les propriétés de symétrie apportées par l'entropie de ces équations couplées avec celles de Maxwell pour obtenir un théorème d'existence locale en temps d'une solution bornée et régulière pour le problème de Cauchy. Nous étudions ensuite un modèle de plasma ambipolaire en considérant la masse de l'électron comme un paramètre. Nous démontrons que la solution globale dépend continument de la masse de l'électron lorsque celle-ci s'annule. Nous calculons enfin des flammes ionisées planes et étirées d'un mélange hydrogène-air et obtenons des structures de flammes typiques avec un faible impact de l'ionisation.
Campos, Serrano Juan. "Modèles attractifs en astrophysique et biologie : points critiques et comportement en temps grand des solutions." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861568.
Full textVágner, Petr. "Fyzikální analýza hlavních procesů v palivových článcích s pevnými oxidy a jejich matematická formulace." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340880.
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