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Journal articles on the topic 'Transport Engineering'
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Carreón-Rodríguez, Ofelia E., Guillermo Gosset, Adelfo Escalante, and Francisco Bolívar. "Glucose Transport in Escherichia coli: From Basics to Transport Engineering." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061588.
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Escherichia coli is the best-known model for the biotechnological production of many biotechnological products, including housekeeping and heterologous primary and secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins, and is an efficient biofactory model to produce biofuels to nanomaterials. Glucose is the primary substrate used as the carbon source for laboratory and industrial cultivation of E. coli for production purposes. Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. The genome of E. coli MG1655 is 4,641,642 bp, corresponding to 4702 genes encoding 4328 proteins. The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. E. coli nonspecifically transports glucose from the extracellular medium into the periplasmic space through the outer membrane porins. Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. In this contribution, we review the structures and mechanisms of the E. coli central glucose transport systems, including the regulatory circuits recruiting the specific use of these transport systems under specific growing conditions. Finally, we describe several successful examples of transport engineering, including introducing heterologous and non-sugar transport systems for producing several valuable metabolites.
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Zefreh, Mohammad Maghrour, and Ádám Török. "DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC SPEED IN DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BUDAPEST." Transport 35, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11725.
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Fundamental diagram, a graphical representation of the relationship among traffic flow, speed, and density, has been the foundation of traffic flow theory and transportation engineering for many years. Underlying a fundamental diagram is the relation between traffic speed and density, which serves as the basis to understand system dynamics. Empirical observations of the traffic speed versus traffic density show a wide-scattering of traffic speeds over a certain level of density, which would form a speed distribution over a certain level of density. The main aim of the current research is to study on the distribution of traffic speed in different traffic conditions in the urban roads since the distribution of traffic speed is necessary for many traffic engineering applications including generating traffic in micro-simulation systems. To do so, the traffic stream is videotaped at various locations in the city of Budapest (Hungary). The recorded videos were analysed by traffic engineering experts and different traffic conditions were extracted from these recorded videos based on the predefined scenarios. Then their relevant speeds in that time interval were estimated with the so-called “g-estimator method” using the outputs of the available loop detectors among the videotaped locations. Then different parametric candidate distributions have been fitted to the speeds by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Having fitted different parametric distributions to speed data, they were compared by three goodness-of-fit tests along with two penalized criteria (Akaike Information Criterion – AIC and Bayesian Information Criterion – BIC) in order to overcome the over-fitting problems. The results showed that the speed of traffic flow follows exponential, normal, lognormal, gamma, beta and chisquare distribution in the condition that traffic flow followed over-saturated congestion, under saturated flow, free flow, congestion, accelerated flow and decelerated flow respectively.
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Petrescu, Relly Victoria Virgil, Raffaella Aversa, Antonio Apicella, and Florian Ion Petrescu. "Transportation Engineering." Engevista 19, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/engevista.v19i5.967.
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The shipments were absolutely necessary at all times, but still have polluted and damaged the environment. The technique of transport or the engineering of transport is the application of the principles of technology and scientific findings to the planning, design check, operation and plan management for any mode of transport, in order to ensure that the conditions of safety, efficiency, quick, comfortable and convenient, economic and environmentally compatible movement of persons and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline for civil engineering. The importance of the transport engineering in the framework of the profession of civil engineering can be evaluated by the number of divisions of the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), which are directly related to the transport. There are six such divisions (Aerospace; Air Transport, motorways, pipes, watercourses, port, of coastal and ocean and urban transport), which represents one third of the total 18 technical divisions of the ASCE (1987). Humanity is struggling between technological tests of deployment of new types of mild transport for the environment and the need to maintain still in the operation the machines already polluting products in large quantity, cheaper, more convenient economically, that customers have already been accustomed. Transport is at the heart of major cross-cutting issues that are inseparable from issues related to the development and sustainable management of the mobility of goods and people. The automotive sector must meet several challenges to reduce the emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants while limiting the increase in the cost of vehicles. The development of "clean" or "sustainable" vehicles requires the integration of innovative technologies to meet all these requirements. Those all problems need to be addressed by the discipline named Transportation (Transport) Engineering, in view of the constantly improving the quality of transport carried out.
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Wang, Xinxin, Zeshui Xu, Zijing Ge, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, and Paulius Skačkauskas. "AN OVERVIEW OF A LEADER JOURNAL IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF “COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING” FROM 2000 TO 2019." Transport 35, no. 6 (January 6, 2021): 557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14140.
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Computer-Aided Civil And Infrastructure Engineering (CACAIE) is an international journal, and the first documents was published from 1980. This article is to make an overview based on bibliometric analysis to celebrate the 35th anniversary of CACAIE till 2019. At present, 1045 publications can be indexed in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) from 2000 to 2019, and we explore the characteristics of these publications by bibliometric methods and tools (VOSviewer and CiteSpace). First, the fundamental information of publications is given with the help of some bibliometric indicators, such as the number of citations and h-index. According to high-citing and high-cited publications, we analyse that who pays closer attention to the journal and what the journal most focuses on considering sources, countries/regions, institutions and authors. After that, the influential countries/regions and references are presented, and collaboration networks are given to show the relationship among countries/regions, institutions and authors. In order to understand the development trends and hot topics, co-occurrence analysis and timeline view of keywords are made to be visual. In addition, publications in four fields – Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications – that CACAIE refers are summarized, and further discussions are made for the journal and scholars. Finally, some main findings are concluded according to all analysis. This article provides a certain reference for scholars and journals to further research and promote the scientific-technological progress.
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Kulikova, O. V., I. N. Pirogova, E. G. Filippova, N. O. Borisova, and I. V. Kulikova. "OFFLINE AND ONLINE MATH LEARNING OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY." European Journal of Natural History, no. 2 2022 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/ejnh.34253.
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SCHELL, TORBEN, MARK SADGROVE, KEN'ICHI NAKAGAWA, and SANDRO WIMBERGER. "ENGINEERING TRANSPORT BY CONCATENATED MAPS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 12, no. 02 (June 2013): 1340004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947751340004x.
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We present a generalized kick rotor model in which the phase of the kick can vary from kick to kick. This additional freedom allows one to control the transport in phase space. For a specific choice of kick-to-kick phases, we predict novel forms of accelerator modes which are potentially of high relevance for future experimental studies.
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Heydecker, B. G., C. Small, and A. Poulovassilis. "Deductive databases for transport engineering." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 3, no. 5 (October 1995): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-090x(95)00011-7.
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Mandrusiak, Gary D. "Transport phenomena in thermal engineering." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 9, no. 4 (November 1994): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(94)90024-8.
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Yu, Kitae, Junhyo Kim, Jungpil Noh, Sunchul Huh, Byeongkeun Choi, Hanshik Chung, and Hyomin Jeong. "Analysis of laminar nanofluid forced convection heat transport through the CFD." International Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/engineering-journal-ijoer-aug-2017-19.
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Rossolov, Alexander, Vitalii Naumov, Nadezhda Popova, Ekaterina Vakulenko, and Olena Levchenko. "ESTIMATION OF TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN CASE OF RATIONAL TRANSPORT HUB LOCATION." Transport 36, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.14299.
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The public transit accessibility has become an important attribute of social and economic activity of contemporary society. The shift to the sustainable paradigm of the current cities’ development has made public transport the basic mean for population travels execution. The spatial character of the travels in the megapolises supposes its implementation with the transfers. This may result in the travel time increase if the transport hubs are designed or located inefficiently. In some cases, the transport hub locations do not reflect the current demand for public transport services and require the fulfilment of the infrastructure measures. The paper presents the Hub Location Problem (HLP) solving in the case of rapid transit and trolleybus lines interaction. It has been proposed the combined criterion for the HLP solving based on the two-dimensional coordinate system with the estimation of passenger walk turnover. The simulation procedure to estimate the transport hub relocation has been made in the PTV VISUM software in the case of the Industrial District of Kharkiv City (Ukraine). The results of the economic effect available from the transport hub rational location have been estimated.
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Petrėtienė, Angelika, Vladislavas Lovkys, Vilmantas Paleckas, and Tomas Stulgis. "BARBARISMS AND SLANG WORDS IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT." TRANSPORT 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2006.14711.
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The paper analyses the barbarisms and slang words used in the field of transport. It deals with the words that are attributed to the colloquial language. The basis of the work is a questionnaire. The students of the Faculty of Transport Engineering of VGTU and people working in the field of transport answered the questionnaire. The respondents were asked the following questions: “Do you use the given words?”, “Do you know the Lithuanian equivalents of the given words?”, “Does a person speaking correctly make a good impression?”. According to the results of the questionnaire, we can conclude that the respondents know the Lithuanian equivalents of the studied words quite well, but when they communicate, they give preference to barbarisms and slang words of the colloquial language. Most probably they are influenced by the environment, in which they communicate, and the traditional usage. If one or another slang word is used temporarily and then forgotten, it doesn‘t break into the native language. But if barbarisms and slang words are used too often, they become a habit, it and is hard to avoid their usage in other social surroundings.
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Ptak, Mariusz. "PEDESTRIAN SAFETY: A NEW METHOD TO ASSESS PEDESTRIAN KINEMATICS." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7081.
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The progress in pedestrian safety enhancement is the result of multi-stage work, which is based mainly on the vehicle enhancement and appropriate traffic organization. However, the full separation of vehicle traffic and pedestrians seem to be impossible nowadays. The paper presents a new method for assessing the influence of vehicle structural components on pedestrian kinematics. An integral part of the method is the relationship, named as the k parameter, which can determinate the geometric property of the pedestrian body movement (kinematics) after a collision. The development of the new algorithm is the answer to the problem of assessing the risk posed by the impact of the vehicle with a high bumper/bonnet reference line (e.g. a Sport Utility Vehicle – SUV) on a pedestrian. The presented method can be a useful engineering tool to assess the safety of vehicles, both brand-new and used. The developed test system binds together a new defined kinematic criterion as well as the existing biomechanical criteria (the assessment of vehicles using pedestrian impactors). The presented method was verified on a compact vehicle and a SUV.
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Grīslis, Aivis. "LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLES AND ROAD SAFETY." TRANSPORT 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.41.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the features of Longer Combination Vehicles (LCVs) and road safety issues. LCVs are road vehicles that exceed dimensions of a typical or standard heavy truck‐trailer or tractor‐semitrailer combination vehicles in length or length and weight. The systematization of LCVs is done. Several areas, which are likely to benefit through LCVs, are listed and described. The analysis of literature review is made in the areas where additional problems may be encountered using LCVs. Several engineering factors such as resistance to rollover, swept‐path parameters, vehicle capabilities of accelerating and maintaining speed as well as braking performance are analyzed. Several research projects on traffic accident analysis have been looked through to compare their conclusions about traffic safety of LCVs. The analysis of discussions related to LCVs traffic safety issues is provided. Some transportation experts and community groups have conflicting views about road safety issues of LCVs. The opinions and related arguments of both parties are discussed in this paper. Several technical improvements in designing LCVs and the importance of driver training programs are described.
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Šinko, Simona, Bojan Rupnik, Klemen Prah, and Tomaž Kramberger. "SPATIAL MODELLING OF THE TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE: APPLICATION ON THE VIENNA TRANSPORT NETWORK." Transport 36, no. 5 (December 17, 2021): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.16128.
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A new approach for spatial modelling of transport mode choice is presented in the paper. The approach tackles the problem by considering the trade-off between subjective and objective factors. To obtain mode Preference Rates (PRs) based on subjective factors, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied. The objective factors are expressed with the journey time from any point in the map to destination according to the available transport mode choice on the specific connection. The results are presented as PRs of individual transport modes. The model is validated on the conducted the survey, with students of Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU) as a target audience. Members of different target groups (age, national, employment) decide differently regarding the transport choice, so it is better to analyse them separately. The presented model can be used for the city transport planning in any urban area. It can help promote the sustainable modes of transport in the areas that are less adjusted in sustainable manner.
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Karoń, Grzegorz, Ryszard Janecki, and Jerzy Mikulski. "Selected issues of systems engineering methodology in the design of transport systems." Transport technologies 2022, no. 2 (December 10, 2022): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.085.
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The selected issues of system engineering methodology in the design of transport systems have been presented. The discussed methodological issues were presented in the example of the metropolitan railway concept project. The system description of the transport project is introduced in accordance with the principles used in systems engineering. The presented case study concerns the methodology of designing the concept of the railway transport system. In the proposed case study, the main issue was the development of a document called the Concept of the Metropolitan Railway System (CoMRS) in the urban area of the Metropolis called in Poland GZM. It was assumed that this document would be a system document developed with the use of Systems Engineering methods in order to build, implement and develop a modern complex railway transport system covering the urban area of the GZM Metropolis. Therefore, in the first place, an additional but essential document was developed – the Methodology for the Metropolitan Railway System Concept (MoCoMRS), which contains a comprehensive methodological description of how to proceed with the use of Systems Engineering methods required for the development of the CoMRS. The methodological guidelines relating to the V model were presented in detail. The methodology description also took into account the system life cycle model in the perspective of the enterprise and systems engineering using the V model. When applying systems engineering in the design of transport systems, it is proposed to use this model, which organizes the system procedure during the design process. The guidelines regarding the use of this model and the application of systems engineering methods for CoMRS, relating, inter alia, to the following design stages: system assumptions, system requirements, high-level design, detailed design, were formulated. The case study of the concept of metropolitan railway presented in this paper is based on a real transport project, and the current stage is working on the preliminary feasibility study of this railway system. It is very important, because it is possible to verify and iteratively correct and update the methodology of designing this railway system depending on the changing conditions and criteria resulting from, among others, different stakeholder aspirations that shape the system requirements. This procedure was also included in the V model in phases of development, construction and implementation of the system, as well as in phases of integration, verification and validation of elements and the entire railway system.
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Pokorski, Janusz, Hubert Sar, and Andrzej Reński. "INFLUENCE OF EXPLOITATION CONDITIONS ON ANTI-SKID PROPERTIES OF TYRES." Transport 34, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10426.
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Tyre-to-road adhesion plays an important role when taking into account transmission of forces between tyres and road surface. It consequently influences vehicle safety. Moreover, it plays a significant role for modelling vehicle motion, which is often applied in the development of automotive active safety systems and in traffic accidents reconstruction. Furthermore, tyre-to-road adhesion properties are dependent on many factors. One of the factors is the type of tyre – summer or winter. This is the reason why it is justified to study the anti-slip properties of summer and winter tyres. This paper shows the method of measuring tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient. It is based on a skid resistance tester SRT-4 that consists of a special dynamometer trailer, towing vehicle and test-measuring equipment. It was designed to be applied in civil/road engineering and further developed. As a result, the SRT-4 system automatically obtains adhesion characteristics, such as the graph of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio and velocity characteristics of peak adhesion coefficient. Results of the study present the above mentioned characteristics for different types of tyres (summer, winter) in different exploitation conditions. Differences between presented characteristics caused by tyre type and conditions of exploitation are shown. For example, for winter tyres we noticed that the peak value of adhesion coefficient was attained for higher values of slip ratio as compared with summer tyres.
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Huang, Wencheng, Bin Shuai, and Yong Shen. "USING GROWTH CURVES MODEL TO ANALYSE THE PROSPECTS OF CHINA–PAKISTAN OIL AND LNG TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR." Transport 37, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16851.
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In order to analysing the oil and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import and consumption changing trends, the Occurrence Period (OP), Growth Period (GP) and Maturation Period (MP) of oil and LNG import and consumption in China, and studying how the oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends influence the development of China–Pakistan oil and LNG transportation corridor (CPOLTC), in this paper we apply a Growth Curve Model (GCM) based approach to solve the problems mentioned above. First, the Chinese oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends are analysed by applying the GCM. The results show that oil and LNG consumption and import belong to the GP because of the fast industrialization and urbanization development, so the oil and LNG import and consumption demand will increase fast; Then, the External Dependence (ED) is applied to describe the oil and LNG consumption dependence degree in China, the results show that import will remain high ED value, especially for the oil import (over 70%), which means the security of the energy supply chain still remains the central idea of Chin’s energy policies. Finally, the challenges and key issues of CPOLTC is analysed. Challenges are: domestic political struggles and institutional defects in Pakistan make the CPOLTC projects lacking of implementation, security along the corridor, influence and competition from external forces, impacts of western project culture, the comprehensive projects establishment ability in Pakistan, etc. The key issues are: Value Engineering (VE) researches for projects, Chinese element such as project construction, management, standards and specifications, assessment of the projects’ life cycle and so on.
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Kovács, Viktória Barbara, and Ádám Török. "INVESTIGATION ON TRANSPORT RELATED BIOGAS UTILIZATION." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.10.
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Due to an increase in demand for energy and the mobility of the human population as well as in order to keep sustainable development, there is a major need to utilize alternative energy sources. The use of biogases as a source of renewable energy could provide an effective and alternative way to fulfil a remarkable part of this demand for energy. As biogases have high inert content, their heating value is low. The energetic utilization of these low heating value renewable gaseous fuels is not fully worked out yet because their combustion characteristics significantly differ from the liquid fuels that are used nowadays in transportation, and in this way, they are not usable or their utilization is limited in devices with conventional equipment. Thus, theoretical and experimental analysis was made to investigate the usability of biogases.
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KAWANABE, Akira, Yuji FURUTANI, and Hideki KANDORI. "Engineering an Inward Proton Transport Protein." Seibutsu Butsuri 50, no. 5 (2010): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.50.236.
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Brezovsky, Jan, Petra Babkova, Oksana Degtjarik, Andrea Fortova, Artur Gora, Iuliia Iermak, Pavlina Rezacova, et al. "Engineering a de Novo Transport Tunnel." ACS Catalysis 6, no. 11 (October 10, 2016): 7597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02081.
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Peppas, Nicholas A. "Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering." Journal of Controlled Release 67, no. 2-3 (July 2000): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00218-2.
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Kwauk, Mooson. "Beyond transport phenomena and reaction engineering." Chemical Engineering Science 59, no. 8-9 (April 2004): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.022.
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Mosleh, Araliya, José Correia, Diogo Ribeiro, and Anna M. Rakoczy. "Advanced Railway Infrastructures Engineering." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052303.
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Jarašūnienė, Aldona, Kristina Čižiūnienė, and Artūras Petraška. "RESEARCH ON RAIL AND MARITIME TRANSPORT INTEROPERABILITY IN THE AREA OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA." Transport 34, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11236.
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With the acceleration of globalization processes and increased international cooperation, freight transport routes are expanding, which requires new solutions for the most efficient use of various modes of transport. One of the most important factors that may improve the efficiency of the interoperability of different transport modes is information exchange allowing to plan transport flows in advance, exploiting benefits of the maritime and rail transport and minimizing its disadvantages. Precise information allows to find the most efficient mode of transport for the freight transportation chain. Precise information is necessary for effective management of information flows to ensure interoperability between the transport modes. This article analyses the specificity of railway and maritime transport modes, hence research questionnaire of Lithuanian transport companies is performed to present the results to show the most significant elements of railway and maritime transport interoperability. The completed expert evaluation enabled to prioritize the sequence of elements to ensure the efficient interoperability between rail and maritime transport.
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YEROYAN, A. G. "MODERN ROLLING COMPOSITION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT. MAIN TRENDS IN TRANSPORT ENGINEERING." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 3 (2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.02.008.
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The article explores the main technical parameters of modern electric locomotives in Russia. The renewal of the locomotive complex directly affects the quality of the transportation process. Due to the growing volume of cargo transportation, the intensity of passenger train traffic between large cities, the growth of transit container traffic, the existing dilapidated rolling stock needs updating to be ready for the annually increasing demand for rail transportation.
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Bella, Francesco, and Manuel Silvestri. "VEHICLE–PEDESTRIAN INTERACTIONS INTO AND OUTSIDE OF CROSSWALKS: EFFECTS OF DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS." Transport 36, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.14739.
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This study aimed to analyse the driver’s behaviour during the interaction with a pedestrian crossing into and outside the zebra crossing, and evaluate the effectiveness of two kinds of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) that provided to the driver an auditory alert, and a visual alert to detect the pedestrian. 42 participants joined the experiment conducted using the fixed-base driving simulator of the Department of Engineering (Roma Tre University). They experienced different crossing conditions (legal and illegal) and ADAS conditions (no ADAS, visual warning and auditory warning) in an urban scenario. The parameters Time-To-Arrive (TTA) and Speed Reduction Time (SRT) were obtained from the drivers’ speed profiles in the last 150 m in advance of the conflict point with the pedestrian. Results clearly showed the criticality of illegal crossings. When the pedestrian crossed outside of the crosswalk, the highest number of collision occurred and the ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) returned significant effects on both the dependent variables TTA and SRT, highlighting the higher criticality of the vehicle–pedestrian interaction and the more abrupt yielding manoeuvre. Positive effects (the vehicle–pedestrian interaction was less critical and the yielding manoeuvre was smoother) emerged for both the driver assistance systems, although not statistically significant. Besides, both the driver assistance systems positively affected the behaviour of the average cautious drivers. No significant effects of the warning systems were recorded on the aggressive drivers, which because of their behavioural characteristics ignored the warning alarm. In addition, no significant effects of the warning systems were recorded for the very cautious drivers, which adjusted their behaviour even before the alarm trigger. Finally, the outcomes of the questionnaire submitted to the participants highlighted the clear preference for the auditory warning, probably because of the different physical stimuli that are solicited by the warning signal. The results confirm that adequate pedestrian paths should be planned to avoid jaywalker conditions, which induce the driver to assume critical driving behaviour and provide useful findings of the effectiveness of driver assistance systems for pedestrian detection.
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Brzeziński, Mariusz, and Dariusz Pyza. "CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM DIESEL ENGINE VEHICLES IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT." Transport 36, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15484.
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Currently, many logistics operators operate in both domestic and foreign markets using various forms of transport organization. Choosing a corresponding technology and appropriate form of transport has an influence not only delivery time and costs, but also has an impact on the environment as a whole. There is a plethora of public research available in global literature discussing various ways of exploiting transport. On the other hand, there is a lack of complex studies detailing carbon emissions coming from transport activity. Specifically, where a theory of organic fuel combustion in the form of a chemical reaction with oxygen is considered. To fill this gap, we offer an innovative Emission Model of Industrial Sources (EMIS) method. This method makes it possible to determine the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere during various transport methods. It also enables us to estimate, in terms of CO2 output, a threshold where transport of containers via combined mode becomes more favourable for the environment, than road transport. We ran a simulation of our algorithm to create boundary conditions. This let us prepare a regression function of CO2 emission, for intermodal and road transport as a function of various transport distances. The simulation results suggest that our approach may be used by supervisory institutions, which are responsible further developing and utilizing combined transport.
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Zhou, Wei, Zeshui Xu, and Paulius Skačkauskas. "MAPPING KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN OF “TRANSPORT”: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF ITS STATUS QUO AND EMERGING TRENDS." Transport 34, no. 6 (December 23, 2019): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11774.
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Transport plays an important role in human society. Due to its significance, the research journal TRANSPORT was established with the aim of developing and reinforcing the performance of national transport system based on theoretical and empirical investigations. The analyses such as transport policy, transport system fundamentals, multiple transport methods and traffic safety are all within the research scope of TRANSPORT. Therefore, this paper focuses on learning the development of this multidisciplinary journal by using the bibliometric tools. After analysing 704 papers published from January 2007 to June 2019 on TRANSPORT, the development of this journal is comprehensively analysed from the perspectives of its status quo and emerging trends. Specifically, the current status is introduced based on the general journal information, the publication and citation number, the citation structure and the significant contributors in terms of author, journal, institution and country. As for the emerging trends, the citation burst detections and the timeline view analysis are presented to give some deep insights of the hot research streams in certain time periods. This paper makes the contribution to provide a knowledge map of the journal TRANSPORT’s research domain to help researchers learn this journal and transport-related issues clearly and directly. It can be also considered as the reference source for further investigations.
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Pavlović, Zoran, Milorad Banjanin, Jovanka Vukmirović, and Dragan Vukmirović. "CONTACTLESS ICT TRANSACTION MODEL OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT SERVICE." Transport 35, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12529.
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The paper examines the problem of the productive functioning of an urban passenger transport system, which has a modular structure for the generation and exploitation of the urban transport services. The research objects consist of conventional, scalable and innovative contactless transaction models of an urban transport services in the case study of the Transport Organization (TO) – Joint Stock Company for Passenger Railway Transport “Serbia Trains” (Srbija Voz a.d.). The urban transport service is defined by invoking users, user expectations and requirements, the input data provided by users to a transport provider, the mechanisms for access and delivery of the service, the resources and roles responsible for delivery, security requirements and other parameters. The communication platform for modeling urban transport services in different transaction contexts is defined by the utilitarian framework with 6W dimensions with situational mapping of the 6 Communication Dynamics Factors (6CDF). The technology-process restructuring was achieved with the scalable In-formation Technology (IT) model by implementing the elements of electronic business in the key activities of the supply of the train tickets. Using the results of the performed research, in the paper has been developed an innovative, non-contact ICT model of urban transport services on the platform for integrating the Internet service into the process-technology and behavioral-context structures.
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Topolšek, Darja, Kristina Čižiūnienė, and Tina Cvahte Ojsteršek. "DEFINING TRANSPORT LOGISTICS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND PRACTITIONER OPINION BASED APPROACH." Transport 33, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 1196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6965.
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There are many concepts in the transport and logistics business: transport, logistics, transportation, forwarding, etc. There are also a number of different study programs and disciplines such as: transport economics, transport logistics, logistics management, etc. All of these titles are often related to the content of the plan, planning, organization, management and control of the movement of human, material, informational and financial flows. However, in practice, they are often correlated and misused. Therefore, it is an important task to properly define these concepts. This article, based on various scientific literature, deals with the concept of transport logistics in various disciplines and fields of research. The results of this analysis made it possible to identify that there is no unified logistic term. Therefore, a qualitative study was also used. The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of transport/logistics companies in the Baltic States as the concept is treated in business. The results of the research have shown that the concept of transport logistics is also understood differently. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to formulate the definition of transport logistics on the basis of the results of the scientific literature analysis and qualitative research.
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Gkoumas, Konstantinos, and Anastasios Tsakalidis. "A FRAMEWORK FOR THE TAXONOMY AND ASSESSMENT OF NEW AND EMERGING TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS." Transport 34, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9318.
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This paper focuses on the development of a taxonomy framework for new and emerging technologies and trends in the transport sector. This framework is proposed towards the assessment and monitoring of the acceptance, impact and diffusion of technologies and trends, together with a scoring system and a front–end visualisation of the outcomes. In this context, an overview of the transport technology hype over the last years and the establishment of future transport technologies and trends is provided. Issues arising from different constraints, including technological and technical, are taken into account, also considering the transport sector’s interconnection with other sectors and potentially related bottlenecks and drawbacks. The paper outcome is a methodological framework for the creation of different taxonomies for new and emerging transport technologies and trends, achieved through the quantitative assessment of the attractiveness and competitiveness, in terms of diffusion potential, of emerging transport technologies and trends, by associating explicit indices to the various elements of the taxonomies. The proposed taxonomy, assessment and monitoring framework supports innovation management through the identification and evaluation of new and emerging technologies and trends in the field of transport at various levels, thus providing insights to the sector’s stakeholders, while backing the current transport systems’ transformation through technological advances
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Slavinskaitė, Neringa, and Nijolė Batarlienė. "INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY CONDITIONS IN THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY RAILWAY." Transport 37, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16985.
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Safe transport of dangerous goods by railway is an important challenge for both national and international freight transport. The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most demanding transportation technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by railway and to define the main factors, which affect the transport of such goods by railway. Scientific literature was analysed, statistics were provided, and a qualitative survey was conducted. The factors of 3 groupas that have the greatest impact on the safe transport of dangerous goods by railway were studied and identified. The obtained results were processed using the Kendall’s rank correlation method, and the consistency of the expert opinions was clarified using the fit coefficient. Using the medium-distance transformation weights (Average Rank Transformation Into Weight – ARTIW) method, the main normalized subjective weighting factors that most influence the conditions of transport of dangerous goods for safe transport have been identified. The results of the study revealed that the main factors of Group I that have the greatest impact on the accident of dangerous goods by railway, are: complete preparation of the train, driver’s confidence in the safety systems of the locomotive and improper loading of cargo. The most important technical-technological factors of Group II, which have the greatest impact on the accident occurring in the transportation of dangerous goods by railway, are: technical condition of the locomotive, tightness of railway tanks (wagons) and marking of wagons carrying dangerous goods. Key organizational factors for Group III to consider before dangerous goods are transported by railway are: risks related to freight forwarding, identification of chemical properties of freight and driver qualification. The key factors in these three groups can be used to develop models to make the transport of dangerous goods by railway safer and more efficient.
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Gonzalez-Feliu, Jesus, Cristina Pronello, Josep Maria Salanova Grau, and Paulius Skačkauskas. "COLLABORATION AND URBAN TRANSPORT: A SHORT REVIEW OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6156.
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Barfod, Michael Bruhn. "SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT APPRAISALS USING STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND MCDA." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1052–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6596.
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Appraisal processes for transport initiatives are often characterised by their complexity involving a wide range of impacts that need to be addressed and many stakeholders that attempt to influence the decisions to be made. The increasing interest for the environment and sustainable development in general has stressed the need for taking a broad perspective into account when addressing transport initiatives. This means that economic, social and environmental dimensions need to be considered simultaneously in the appraisal process. The focus on incorporating such sustainability considerations has set new demands for the appraisal process and has revealed an increasing need for involving stakeholders in the decision support process to capture all aspects of the often complex decision problems. Conventional appraisals within the transport area are often only based on cost-benefit analysis, which captures the impacts that can be assigned with a monetary value. Thus there is a need for a decision support system that is able to assess the effect of other types of impacts as well and include this in the appraisal. This paper seeks to fill this gap in research by proposing a methodology making use of planning workshops and multi-criteria decision analysis in combination to improve the decision support. In order to serve the purpose of promoting a more sustainable transport planning approach a proposal is made for how the methodology can be integrated in the current practice for appraisal of infrastructure projects in Denmark (and countries with similar approaches). The paper concludes that the approach allowing for active stakeholder participation in the appraisal process can serve as a helpful and effective decision support system in the quest for more sustainable solutions to transport problems.
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Basu, Abhishek, Bharathi Raja, Rony Gracious, and Lelitha Vanajakshi. "DYNAMIC TRIP PLANNER FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." Transport 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12477.
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This paper reports the development of a public transport trip planner to help the urban traveller in planning and preparing for his commute using public transportation in the city. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach that handles real-time Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data from buses of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) in Chennai City (India) has been used to develop the planner. The GA has been shown to provide good solutions within the problem’s computation time constraints. The developed trip planner has been implemented for static network data first and subsequently extended to use real-time data. The “walk mode” and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) have also been included in the geospatial database to extend the route-planner’s capabilities. The algorithm has subsequently been segmented to speed up the prediction process. In addition, a temporal cache has also been introduced during implementation, to handle multiple queries generated simultaneously. The results showed that there is promise for scalability and citywide implementation for the proposed real-time route-planner. The uncertainty and poor service quality perceived with public transport bus services in India could potentially be mitigated by further developments in the route-planner introduced in this paper.
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Bogdevičius, Marijonas, Bronislovas Spruogis, Henrikas Sivilevičius, Vilius Bartulis, Jurgis Jurevičius, Olegas Prentkovskis, Edgar Sokolovskij, et al. "THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY." TRANSPORT 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2006.14713.
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Andrejić, Milan. "RESEARCH IN LOGISTICS SERVICE QUALITY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Transport 35, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11388.
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Recently, there has been a transparent need to involve public in transport development decisions not only in the EU but also in other countries worldwide. Public involvement in decision-making, however, suffers from two critical issues: lack of expertise and lack of enthusiasm. This paper aims to overcome the first problem: how to amend passenger preferences related to public transport development with expert knowledge on transport systems. For this purpose, a new research methodology has been created which combines the well proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) methods in a novel way. ISM is used to reveal the non-hierarchical connections of the transport system elements and by this, AHP results are modified with the consideration of element interactions. The first stage of the three-stage-survey has been conducted in Yurihonjo (Japan), the second and third in an international workshop with the participation of experts. Results show that the original AHP scores – gained from passenger evaluations – are significantly modified by adding expert knowledge on factor interactions, thus new preference order is gained related to the importance of the development of public transport system elements. The introduced procedure can be applied for other public transport system improvement decision-making situations in which passenger involvement is required.
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Duleba, Szabolcs. "AN AHP-ISM APPROACH FOR CONSIDERING PUBLIC PREFERENCES IN A PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT DECISION." Transport 34, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9080.
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Recently, there has been a transparent need to involve public in transport development decisions not only in the EU but also in other countries worldwide. Public involvement in decision-making, however, suffers from two critical issues: lack of expertise and lack of enthusiasm. This paper aims to overcome the first problem: how to amend passenger preferences related to public transport development with expert knowledge on transport systems. For this purpose, a new research methodology has been created which combines the well proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) methods in a novel way. ISM is used to reveal the non-hierarchical connections of the transport system elements and by this, AHP results are modified with the consideration of element interactions. The first stage of the three-stage-survey has been conducted in Yurihonjo (Japan), the second and third in an international workshop with the participation of experts. Results show that the original AHP scores – gained from passenger evaluations – are significantly modified by adding expert knowledge on factor interactions, thus new preference order is gained related to the importance of the development of public transport system elements. The introduced procedure can be applied for other public transport system improvement decision-making situations in which passenger involvement is required.
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Simongáti, Győző. "MULTI‐CRITERIA DECISION MAKING SUPPORT TOOL FOR FREIGHT INTEGRATORS: SELECTING THE MOST SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.12.
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Sustainable development has turned into a daily concept by now. Similarly, sustainable transport also appears increasingly often, primarily in transport policy and strategic plans. However, it would be equally important if we could apply this aspect for certain activities such as haulage and forwarding that are a part of transport. Today, forwarders select an optimal alternative concerning only the criteria related to the economic effectiveness of the transport task. In many cases, shippers are not aware neither of the concept of sustainable transport nor of harmful effects they generate. Hence, although there is a concept of ‘freight integrator’, only very few are able to meet the requirements laid down for it. No widespread method has been developed yet to compare transportation options. A similar situation can be faced discussing a traditional, purely economic approach and a theoretical modern aspect that would be in accordance with the principles of sustainable transport. The model that was developed at the Department of Aircraft and Ships of Budapest University of Technology and Economics was designed specifically to compare various options in terms of sustainability. The indicators as the elements of decision-making criteria applied in the model were derived from the indicators used for assessing the transport sector but modified according to the requirements of the decisionmaking task for a freight integrator. Finally, such sustainable performance index of certain alternatives is determined by two fundamentally different aggregation methods as ‘fineness index’. This article presents the model structure and application using a concrete example.
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Jović, Jadranka, and Vladimir Đorić. "TRAFFIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL STREET NETWORK MODELLING: BELGRADE CASE STUDY." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.19.
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The paper presents a procedure for modelling transport demand and analyses effects caused by changes in the characteristics of street network exploitation. Based on the effects of the measures predominantly connected with speed restrictions on characteristic sections, the Scenarios resulting in reduced congestion during peak hour and a decrease in harmful effects of traffic were selected. A rough effectivity analysis of transport vehicle kilometres travelled and travel time on the network was carried out. Transportation modeling is the most efficient way to analyze the effects of traffic solutions. Once established, transport model brings only benefits in future projects. Speed reduction strategy was easily simulated using the transportation modeling procedure. Other sustainable transport and mobility management strategies considering sustainable transportation could also be simulated.
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Makarova, Irina, Ksenia Shubenkova, and Anton Pashkevich. "EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF MEASURES TO INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM." Transport 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.14996.
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This paper considers managerial approaches to increase efficiency of the urban transport system such as promotion and integration of sustainable modes of transport, development of public transport route network, renewing the existing vehicle fleet and shift to environmental friendly fuel types in the public transport system. To assess such kind of efficiency, it is proposed to take into account the economic viability of suggested solutions as well as their influence on social sphere, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny (Russia) was chosen for the case study, where the following measures were modelled: changes of bus route network and choice of an optimal fleet on routes depending on passenger flow by hours of day. In addition, the efficiency of these measures were assessed. To evaluate the sustainability of the proposed route network, the method of “radar map” was used, which shows both strengths and weaknesses of selected indicators. Together with this evaluation, analysis of risks in managing the urban bus transportation was carried out.
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Wangai, Agnes, Utku Kale, and Sergey Kinzhikeyev. "AN APPLICATION OF IMPACT CALCULATION METHOD IN TRANSPORTATION." Transport 35, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.13909.
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Forecasted/projected rise of impacts in modes of transportation has necessitated a new rethinking of the evaluation of total impact. While most researchers deal with defined parts (like environmental impact) of the total impact. The total impact calculation methodology includes: (1) analysis of all the impacts (environmental impact, safety and security, costs, cost benefits and sustainability), (2) evaluation on the transportation system level, (3) as their total value (including all the related sub-systems and elements, i.e. transport infrastructure, transport flow control), (4) generation of total impact index. Such an index might be called as transport total sustainability index. The paper defines the Total Impact Performance Index (TIPI) evaluating the total impact in the form of generalized (summarized) costs, specifies its calculation methodology, develops a simplified Excel based calculation methods. It aims to demonstrate the applicability of this methodology, which involves evaluation of impacts in more detailed forms, two parts calculation methods namely impact of road transport safety aspects and impact of the railway transport. Finally, some selected results of the applied new index calculation and developed methodology are introduced and analysed.
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Borucka, Anna, Dariusz Mazurkiewicz, and Eliza Łagowska. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AS AN ELEMENT OF PLANNING RAIL TRANSPORT STRATEGIES." Transport 36, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.16043.
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Effective planning and optimization of rail transport operations depends on effective and reliable forecasting of demand. The results of transport performance forecasts usually differ from measured values because the mathematical models used are inadequate. In response to this applicative need, we report the results of a study whose goal was to develop, on the basis of historical data, an effective mathematical model of rail passenger transport performance that would allow to make reliable forecasts of future demand for this service. Several models dedicated to this type of empirical data were proposed and selection criteria were established. The models used in the study are: the seasonal naive model, the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) model, the exponential smoothing state space model with Box–Cox transformation, ARMA errors, trigonometric trend and seasonal components (TBATS) model, and the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The proposed time series identification and forecasting methods are dedicated to the processing of time series data with trend and seasonality. Then, the best model was identified and its accuracy and effectiveness were assessed. It was noticed that investigated time series is characterized by strong seasonality and an upward trend. This information is important for planning a development strategy for rail passenger transport, because it shows that additional investments and engagement in the development of both transport infrastructure and superstructure are required to meet the existing demand. Finally, a forecast of transport performance in sequential periods of time was presented. Such forecast may significantly improve the system of scheduling train journeys and determining the level of demand for rolling stock depending on the season and the annual rise in passenger numbers, increasing the effectiveness of management of rail transport.
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Li, Jia-Xian, Qiu-Yue Huang, Jing-Yang Zhang, and Jin-Zhi Du. "Engineering nanoparticles to tackle tumor barriers." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 31 (2020): 6686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00967a.
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Bajčetić, Stanko, Slaven Tica, Predrag Živanović, Branko Milovanović, and Andrea Đorojević. "ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS’ SATISFACTION USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: BELGRADE CASE STUDY." Transport 33, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.1570.
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This paper presents a case study using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to identify urban public transport users’ needs and requests and to improve service quality in urban public passenger transport in Belgrade. In order to determine users’ satisfaction, a direct interview – survey a sample of 15000 of urban public passenger transport system users, according to the defined questionnaire has been performed. Results of these interviews are used as input in the first stage of QFD method. An overall unit of eight features and a total of 48 sub-features were defined, which describes all aspects of quality of system and services in urban public passenger transport. The results show that for maximizing effects of quality of service improvement and satisfying customers’ requirements, the public transport service providers and managers in Belgrade should focus primarily on the service reliability and vehicle elements. The two most important quality of service sub-features in urban public passenger transport system in Belgrade based on frequency of statements of users was regularity with 4896 (32.64%) and vehicle comfort (not crowded vehicles) with 3446 (22.97%) statements. Based on the service features analysis within the house of quality, it was defined that the biggest influence is generated through system functioning parameters (reliability): frequency with relative importance 22.0%, staff (drivers) with relative importance 14.0% and headway with relative importance 13.0%. Based on absolute importance the greatest importance should be assigned to vehicle frequency – rank 1, staff (drivers) – rank 2 and headway – rank 3.
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Gil-Saura, Irene, Gloria Berenguer-Contri, and Eugenia Ruiz-Molina. "SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN B2B RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FREIGHT FORWARDING INDUSTRY: ADDING PERCEIVED VALUE AND SERVICE QUALITY INTO EQUATION." Transport 33, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 1184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6648.
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This paper focuses on analysing the determinants of satisfaction (service quality, perceived value), as well as its possible influence on customer loyalty of freight forwarders to freight transport service providers (by road/maritime/air) in Spain. To this end, we propose a causal model tested using information from 205 freight forwarders collected through personal interviews. The model was estimated using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. Moreover, the existence of differences in the perceptions on the analysed variables between transport modes is tested through ANOVA. Results show that service quality has an influence on customer satisfaction, both directly, as well as through perceived value. In turn, it is confirmed the relationship between satisfaction with the transportation company and customer loyalty. Furthermore, there are significant differences in quality dimensions and satisfaction between transport modes. This study confirms the importance of service quality and perceived value to promote the link between chain actors: freight forwarder and transport service provider. The main aim of this research is to go deeper into the study of satisfaction and loyalty of freight forwarders to freight transport service providers. Findings provide evidence about differences in the dimensionality of service quality between B2C and B2B settings and, even in the latter, differences between freight forwarding services and other industries are observed. The present paper is one of the few studies that obtains relevant information about several transport modes simultaneously and the findings reinforce the notion that perceptive processes in each of them are different.
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Griškevičiūtė-Gečienė, Aušrinė. "THE EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF DEVELOPMENT." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.25.
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Sustainable development is the most researchable sphere of many experts in urbanistics, architecture, transport, environment and economics in Lithuania. Every period of time has specific problems and solutions to solve them. The present days have increased the level of automobilization and growing traffic in cities has become the main task for sustainable development. State‐wide improvement and development of transport infrastructure relate to the level of assigned investments that depend on State transport policy and existing opportunities. Comparing to several EU member states, the procedures of evaluating data on transport infrastructure projects evolved in parallel with the EU‐financed projects. Therefore, it could be stated that this area is not falling behind. The analysis of evaluation methods in Lithuania and foreign countries showed that there were no standardized and united methods for evaluating projects on urban system infrastructure. During the last decade, investment projects in cooperation with the State were evaluated using complex analysis in Lithuania. Cost‐benefit analysis was and is still being used for evaluating the EU‐financed projects. Multicriteria analysis is often carried out in the EU and other countries to evaluate the financial feasibility of transport infrastructure and takes its first steps in Lithuania.
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Vaiškūnaitė, Rasa, and Vilma Jasiūnienė. "THE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS EMITTED BY RAILWAY TRANSPORT." Transport 35, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12751.
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Recently, concern for a rapid increase in heavy metal pollutants released by railway transport has been expressed. Most of pollutant emissions from combustion processes are related to fuel consumption in the internal combustion engines of traction rolling stock. The main pollutants released into the environment cover particulate matter, volatile non-methane organic compounds, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In this way, it is likely that the biggest polluters of the environment are traction units with internal combustion engines. However, other types of pollution are possible, where polluters can be not only traction rolling stock with the internal combustion engines, but also electric locomotive. For example, when due to friction of metals and deterioration of rolling stock wheels, heavy metals such as aerosols are released into the atmosphere, soil, surface and ground water, etc. and severely pollute the railway environment. Along with an increase in the electrification of railways, local environmental pollution is likely to be increased in the future. High pollution by heavy metals can also occur near the track storing creosote-impregnated wooden railway sleepers. Having analysed railway transport intensity and in order to assess pollution level, the stations of three major cities of Lithuania (Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda) were selected to investigate heavy metal pollutants (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn)) acting as the most toxic and widespread elements. The highest concentrations of Pb (up to 50 mg/kg) were found at a distance of 5.0 m from railway sleepers in the upper (up to 10 cm) soil layer at Vilnius Railway Station. A comparison of the results of the investigated soil across the tested stations showed that Klaipėda Railway Station was the area most polluted with Cd. The highest concentrations of Cd (up to 1.5…1.8 mg/kg) were established at a varying distance of 5…10 m from the sleepers in the upper (up to 10 cm) soil layer of light loam. Among the investigated stations, the lowest pollution by heavy metals, including Zn, was found at Kaunas Railway Station where sandy loam dominated. A comparison of heavy metal pollutants deposited on the intact used and rotten wooden railway sleepers disclosed that the latter were more heavily contaminated with heavy metals and made from 8 to 13 mg/kg for Pb, from 0.3 to 1.2 mg/kg for Cd, from 13.8 to 66 mg/kg for Zn.
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Bojovic, Nebojsa, Branislav Boskovic, Milos Milenkovic, and Aleksandar Sunjic. "A TWO‐LEVEL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF RAIL FREIGHT CAR FLEET COMPOSITION." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.23.
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One of the main objectives for a rail company is to minimize the size of rail freight car fleet in order to reduce operating costs. The problem of rail freight car fleet composition is aimed at determining an optimal structure and size of freight car fleet in order to respond to actual transport demand. A rail company must have capabilities to respond to actual transport demand in case it wants to increase the level of competitiveness on the transport market. Therefore, it is necessary that the structure and size of rail freight car fleet correspond to the structure and size of rail transport demand. In this paper, we developed a two‐level approach to determining an optimal rail freight car fleet composition. This approach has been tested for the case of the Public Enterprise ‘Serbian Railways’ and the obtained results show the potential for a practical application of the proposed approach.
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Dumbliauskas, Vytautas, Vytautas Grigonis, and Andrius Barauskas. "THE IMPACT OF COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ON DECISION MAKING CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM: CASE OF KAUNAS CITY." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6158.
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The formulation of scenarios for developing the urban transport infrastructure requires decisions mainly based on the intuition of experts in transport and highly influenced by public interest groups, business entities and political opinions. However, the reached decisions sometimes fail to be the most efficient. Therefore, to avoid errors and ensure the development of a sustainable transport system, the economical appraisal of infrastructure development scenarios is necessary. The economic evaluation of the developed scenarios can be carried out through macro-simulation and cost-benefit analysis. This paper deals with the Kaunas City Master Plan providing solutions to transport infrastructure development. According to the Master Plan, solutions can be classified considering 3 cathegories (priorities), although the detailed sequence of implementation is not given. With the help of macro-simulation, this study arranged Master Plan solutions into scenarios, checked all 20 scenarious and established an implementation order based on the theory of cost benefit analysis. The identified order substantially differs from the priorities set in the Master Plan.