Dissertations / Theses: 'Transport Economics'

1

Haraldsson, Mattias. "Essays on transport economics /." Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7936.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sheard, Nicholas. "Regional Economics, Trade, and Transport Infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78515.

Full text

Abstract:

“Regional Policy in a Multiregional Setting: When the Poorest are Hurt by Subsidies” Regional subsidies have a positive short-term effect on the recipient regions, but as they alter migration patterns the long-term effects are less clear. This paper demonstrates using a three-region general equilibrium model that subsidising the poorest region may be to its detriment in the long term and thereby increase inter-regional inequality, if the subsidy draws firms from a nearby region that would function better as a production centre. The result has important implications for the design of regional policies, which are often applied simply according to per-capita incomes. “Learning to Export and the Timing of Entry to Export Markets” Standard trade models are essentially static and do not explain why entry to export markets would be delayed after the instant a firm is formed. This paper proposes a model that endogenously generates the timing of entry to new markets through a learning mechanism. Firms in the model gain experience by entering markets, which eases entry to subsequent markets. The mechanism motivates delays in entry to some markets. More productive firms are less sensitive to the learning effect and thus enter markets sooner and begin by exporting to larger markets. These predictions are confirmed using Swedish firm-level data. “Airports and the Production of Goods and Services” This paper estimates the effects of airport infrastructure on local employment in certain sectors, using data from the United States. Airport sizes are instrumented for using the 1944 National Airport Plan of the Civil Aeronautics Administration. Airport size is found to have a positive effect on local employment in tradable services, with an elasticity of approximately 0.1, and a negative effect on manufacturing. There is no measurable effect on non-tradable services. The results are relevant to the evaluation of airport improvement projects, which are often carried out using public funds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fu, Xiaowen. "Three Essays on Air Transport Economics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30869.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation examines two important issues in the air transport industry. The first one is airline competition in the presence of major Low Cost Carriers (LCCs). The second issue is airports' role in downstream airline competition. These issues are studied in three essays, which are chapter 2 to chapter 4 in this manuscript style dissertation. Essay 1 empirically examines airline competition in the presence of a major LCC, especially in the period when the initial effects of LCC entry are stabilized. Using a panel data front the United States domestic markets, an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is estimated for carriers competing in the same city pair markets. This enables one to calculate carrier-specific demand equations and identify substitution possibilities between Full Service Airlines (FSAs), as well as substitution between LCCs and FSAs. Competition analysis is carried out by empirically estimating reduced form price equations for LCC and FSA. The study found strong evidence of product differentiation between the services provided by FSAs and LCCs. The average prices being charged by FSAs and LCCs are more sensitive to the competition from airlines of the same type. Airlines with higher market shares (regardless of whether they are FSA or LCC) tend to charge higher prices, indicating effect of market power on pricing. Contrary to most previous research results, this study found that the competition between FSAs is important even in the markets where a major LCC is present. Essay 2 examines how pricing behavior of unregulated airports affect downstream airline competition, especially the competition between airlines offering differentiated services including the case of FSAs vs. LCCs competition. The study found that LCCs suffer more from an identical input price increase than FSAs and are, therefore, more vulnerable to an airport's monopolistic pricing. This implies a reduction of competition in downstream airline markets because in recent years LCCs have been a major source of competition in many airline markets. Essay 3 studies the competitive and welfare implications when an airport offers the option of sharing its concession revenue with airlines. It is found that such revenue sharing allows airlines and airports to internalize positive demand externality, which could lead to substantial welfare gains. However, such practice may cause negative effects to airline competition. In fact, there are cases where an airport can maximize its profit by strategically aligning with dominant airlines. Such airport's strategy would, of course, further strengthen the dominant firm's market power since its market share is larger after revenue sharing. In addition, while sharing concession revenue with airlines an airport may still prefer to increase airport charge.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Marott, Larsen Morten. "Essays in regional and transport economics /." Copenhagen, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/487744543.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Nielsen, Jens Erik. "Essays in the economics of transport." Kbh. : Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, 2007. http://www.econ.ku.dk/Research/Publications/red/Red119.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Fiorito, Giancarlo. "Studies in environmental, production and transport economics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462767.

Full text

Abstract:

Aquesta tesi de doctorat fa servir l’estadística i el modelatge d’econometria per explorar, en termes empírics, tres qüestions sobre energia i economia ambiental. El primer estudi aborda la connexió energia-economia en una perspectiva amplia: emprant l’energia, dades d’ingressos i població de 133 països durant quatre dècades, proporciona un examen gràfic de la intensitat energètica combinant anàlisis estàtics i dinàmics per avaluar la utilitat d’aquest popular indicador. L’ús de ‘Gapminder’ permet la visualització de quatre variables a la vegada per tal de donar a conèixer els patrons que caracteritzen les dades de l’energia i del PIB a llarg termini. Les conclusions de l’article responen negativament a la pregunta del títol. El segon estudi entra en la producció. Amb un enfocament sobre les entrades, la capacitat de substitució capital/energia s’investiga mitjançant la estimació de la funció de producció del sector manufacturer de set països de la OECD. Utilitzant una especificació de ‘Translog’ de quatre entrades, la substitució de les entrades és quantificada per la elasticitat creuada de substitució. Aquest tractament econòmic tradicional proporciona figures actualitzades sobre els límits tecnològics dins els quals els sistemes econòmics han d’operar durant temps d’escassetat d’energia, restriccions ambientals i volatilitat dels preus dels recursos. Una altra prova de que l’energia (barata) i matèries primeres són entrades essencials per la producció, tal com la coneixem i, per tant, que el món no pot seguir avançant sense recursos naturals. L’últim capítol tracta una qüestió urgent tant per la salut humana com pel medi ambient: les sempre creixents emissions del sector del transport, i focalitzant sobre vehicles de carretera. Després d’estimar la demanda dels consumidors tant pels combustibles tradicionals i com pels eco-combustibles àmpliament disponibles, i el gas liquat del petroli (GLP) i el metà, simulo els efectes d’introduir una taxa de carboni a Itàlia tant sobre l’elecció de combustible/vehicle i com en les emissions. Els resultats indiquen una positiva resposta del consumidor cap al GLP i metà, dirigint-se cap a una significant reducció del CO2; sent la difusió de la seva infraestructura de proveïment un factor essencial. Tots els estudis estan publicats a revistes científiques, i fan servir dades originals i verificables i procediments de càlcul, per tal de contribuir sobre noves i rellevants idees.
This PhD thesis uses statistics and econometric modelling to explore in empirical terms three energy and environmental economics issues. The first study approaches the energy-economy connection in a broad perspective: employing energy, population and income data for 133 countries over four decades, it provides a graphical examination of energy intensity combining static and dynamic analyses to assess the usefulness of this popular indicator. The use of Gapminder graphical tool allows the visualization of four variables at the time so as to unveil long term patterns characterizing energy and GDP data. The article conclusions answer negatively to the title’s question. The second study enters into production. With a focus on inputs, capital/energy substitutability is investigated by estimating the production function of the manufacturing sector for seven OECD countries. Using a four-input translog specification, input substitution is quantified by the cross-price elasticity of substitution. This traditional economics treatment provides updated figures about the technological limits in which economic systems have to operate during times of energy scarcity, environmental constraints and resource price volatility. One more proof that (cheap) energy and raw materials are essential inputs in production, as we know it and, thus, the world cannot get along without natural resources. The last chapter concerns an urgent issue for both human health and the environment: the ever-increasing emissions form the transport sector, focusing on road vehicles. After estimating consumer demand for both traditional and widely-available eco-fuels, LPG and methane, I simulate the effects of the introducing a carbon tax in Italy on both fuel/vehicle choice and emissions. The results indicate a positive responsiveness of consumer toward LPG and methane, leading to significant CO2 reduction; an essential factor being the diffusion of their refueling infrastructure. All the studies, are published in scientific journals, and they use original and verifiable data and calculation procedures, to contribute to relevant and new insights.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Yang, Hangjun. "Essays in transport economics and operations management." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33565.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation studies three topics in transport economics and operations management. The first topic is on the economic regulation of congested airports. The second one is revenue sharing between airlines and airports. In the third topic, we investigate the impact of strategic customer behavior on the channel profits. Chapter 2 studies the effects of concession revenue sharing between an airport and its airlines. It is found that the degree of revenue sharing will be affected by how airlines' services are related to each other (complements, independent, or substitutes). It is further found that airport competition results in a higher degree of revenue sharing than in the case of single airports. The airport-airline chains may nevertheless derive lower profits through the revenue-sharing rivalry, and the situation is similar to a Prisoners' Dilemma. Chapter 3 considers price-cap regulation of an airport where the airport facility (e.g., its runway) is congested and air carriers have market power. In the case of airports, there are two versions of price-cap regulation: the single-till approach and the dual-till approach. We show that when airport congestion is not a major problem, single-till price-cap regulation dominates dual-till price-cap regulation with respect to social welfare. Furthermore, we identify situations where dual-till regulation performs better than single-till regulation when there is significant airport congestion. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of customer and firm discounting as well as downstream retailer competition on the benefit of decentralization when customers are strategic. We consider a dynamic two-period model consisting of one manufacturer who sells a product through multiple retailers under linear wholesale price contracts. No firm can credibly commit to future prices or quantities. With strategic customers, we find that a decentralized channel may have higher profit than that of a centralized channel. We show that in addition to the double marginalization effect, both customer and firm discounting and retailer competition are also driving factors of the higher decentralized channel profit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Monchambert, Guillaume. "Three essays on the economics of congestion in public transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN006/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse s'intéresse aux fondements du comportement des usagers face à la congestion dans les transports publics. Elle se compose de trois essais distincts. Les deux premiers essais examinent l'adaptation des usagers au manque de ponctualité et à l'inconfort. Le troisième essai offre une analyse empirique de l'effet « foule ». Dans le premier chapitre, je présente un modèle de compétition bimodale entre une ligne de transport public sujette aux retards, et un mode alternatif. A l'équilibre du marché, le niveau de fiabilité choisi par la firme en charge des transports publics augmente avec le prix du mode alternatif via un effet « demande » évoquant l'effet Mohring. L'étude de la qualité de service optimale montre que souvent, la fiabilité des transports publics et donc leur fréquentation à l'équilibre sont inférieurs à ce qu'ils seraient à l'optimum social. Dans le second chapitre, afin d'étudier le coût de l'inconfort et ses implications quant au choix de l'heure de déplacement, je développe un modèle structurel dans lequel les usagers des transports public choisissent entre voyager dans un véhicule bondé et arriver à destination à l'heure désirée ou alors voyager plus tard ou plus tôt pour éviter la foule. J'établis la distribution des usagers parmi les véhicules à l'équilibre et à l'optimum social, et montre que l'optimum social peut être décentralisé par une tarification fine par véhicule. Les propriétés du modèle sont comparées avec celles du modèle du « bottleneck » et des modèles de congestion routière. Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse l'influence de la densité d'usagers sur la satisfaction liée au confort durant un déplacement en transport public. De plus, je décris l'anatomie de l'effet « foule » en testant différents aspects (odeur, bruit, position debout...) comme des causes d'inconfort lorsque la densité d'usagers augmente. J'identifie un net effet « foule » : en moyenne, un usager supplémentaire par mètre carré diminue de 1 la satisfaction liée au confort qui est mesurée sur une échelle de 0 à 10. Je ne trouve pas de corrélation entre temps de transport et l'effet « foule ». Cependant, cet effet augmente avec le revenu des usagers. Trois causes de désutilité liée à la foule sont identifiées : une plus grande probabilité de devoir voyager debout, un usage limité du temps, et des conditions de déplacement plus bruyantes. Ces désagréments sont plus importants chez les femmes et les usagers les plus aisés
This dissertation addresses the foundations of user’s behavior with respect to the congestion in public transport. It is made of three distinct essays. The two first essays investigate how users get used to lack of punctuality and crowding. The third essay presents an empirical analysis of the crowding effect. In the first chapter, I consider the modeling of a bi-modal competitive network involving a public transport mode, which may be unreliable, and an alternative mode. The public transport reliability set by the public transport firm at the competitive equilibrium increases with the alternative mode fare, via a demand effect. This is reminiscent of the Mohring Effect. The study of the optimal service quality shows that often, public transport reliability and thereby patronage are lower at equilibrium compared to first-best social optimum. In the second chapter, to study the behavioral implications and costs of crowding, I develop a structural model in which public transport users face a choice between traveling in a crowded train and arriving when they want, and traveling earlier or later to avoid crowding but arriving at an inconvenient time. I derive the user equilibrium and socially optimal distribution of passengers across trains, show how the optimum can be decentralized using train-specific fares, and characterize the welfare gains from optimal pricing. Properties of the model are compared with those obtained from the bottleneck and flow congestion models of road traffic. In the third chapter, I investigate the influence of in-vehicle crowding on the comfort satisfaction experienced during a public transport journey. Moreover, I describe the anatomy of the crowding effect by testing various nuisance factors (Smell, Noise, Standing...) as channels through which crowding may decrease the comfort satisfaction. I find a clear crowding effect: on average, an extra-user per square meter decreases by one the expected 0 to 10 scale individual well-being. I do not find any empirical evidence of this effect being intensified by the travel time. However, the crowding effect increases with the income of users. I find three causes of crowding disutility: a higher probability to stand for all or part of the journey, a poorer use of the time during the journey, and noisier travel conditions. These features of discomfort matter more for women and wealthy individuals

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gonzalez, Aregall Marta. "Transport Economics and Infrastructure: An Empirical Analysis of the Port Sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386536.

Full text

Abstract:

The present thesis carries out an empirical and economic analysis of the port infrastructure across the evaluation of specific policies. First, the thesis focuses on quantifying the economic impact of the port infrastructure on the industry. Secondly, there measures up the effect of the port competition and his effect on the demand of the traffic. Finally, the thesis focuses on the regulative evaluation of the policies of prices and his relevancy on the traffic and the port income.
La presente tesis lleva a cabo un análisis empírico y económico de la infraestructura portuaria a través de la evaluación de políticas específicas. En primer lugar, la tesis se centra en cuantificar el impacto económico de la infraestructura portuaria sobre la industria. En segundo lugar, se mide el efecto de la competencia portuaria y su efecto sobre la demanda del tráfico. Finalmente, la tesis se centra en la evaluación de las políticas regulatoria de precios y su relevancia sobre el tráfico y los ingresos portuarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gressler, Frank. "Efektyvus miesto transporto projektų finansų valdymas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080602_143257-53504.

Full text

Abstract:

Darbe analizuojami finansų valdymo teoriniai principai ir praktinis jų taikymas realizuojant kompleksinius miesto transporto infrastruktūros projektus ir pateikiami nauji projektų finansų vadybos temų komplekso vertinimai, panaudojant autoriaus sukauptus duomenis projektų vadybos veikloje. Darbas aktualus tiek naujoms federacinėms Vokietijos žemėms, tiek naujoms ES šalims – Lietuvai ir Latvijai, kur miesto transporto infrastruktūra netenkina šiuolaikinių miesto gyventojų judrumo poreikių ir būtina transporto infrastruktūros plėtra. Praktika rodo, jog kompleksiniams miesto transporto infrastruktūros projektams dėl daugelio juose dalyvaujančių šalių yra būdingos esminės projekto organizavimo ir projekto finansavimo formavimo problemos, kurios galiausiai lėtina projekto įgyvendinimo eigą ir didina projekto išlaidas. Realizuojant miestų transporto infrastruktūros plėtros projektus, jų finansų valdymas gana sudėtingas dėl parengtų projektų nepakankamo finansavimo, o taip pat skirtingų finansavimo šaltinių tikslinio lėšų panaudojimo koordinavimo. Darbo tikslas – sukurti metodus, algoritmus ir kompiuterinę programų sistemą, kuri leistų projektų vadovams operatyviai spręsti projektų finansų valdymą visuose projektų įgyvendinimo etapuose. Siekiant šio tikslo, būtina išspręsti šiuos uždavinius: 1. Išanalizuoti jau realizuotų miesto transporto infrastruktūros objektų projektų finansavimo specifiką, nesklandumus ir įvertinti faktorius, įtakojančius finansų valdymą visuose projekto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Finance management during implementation of urban transport projects is rather complicated because of insufficient financing and it needs coordination because of number of financial sources. The aim of the study – develop methods, algorithms and computer programs, which enable project mangers to solve finance management issues during all project phases. The main tasks to achieve the goals are: 1. To analyze financial issues and difficulties during implemented urban transport infrastructure’s projects, and to evaluate factors having influence on finance management during all project phases. 2. To evaluate influence of possible changes in project’s structure or part of the project on general project’s expenses. 3. To estimate, where it is possible to allocate various financial sources to separate project segments. 4. To develop algorithms and computer programs, which enable project mangers to evaluate economical, technical project works and its price. 5. Under insufficient financing or strict restrictions, the additional financing sources should be provided or extend of works should be decreased, part of these works relocated to further-coming projects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Labanauskas, Gintautas. "Lietuvos sausumos transporto infrastruktūros prioritetinės plėtros investicijų pagrįstumo metodinis vertinimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100409_085210-16602.

Full text

Abstract:

Disertacijoje tiriamas investicijų į Lietuvos sausumos transporto infrastruktūros prioritetinę plėtrą pagrįstumas. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra: Lietuvos transporto sektorius, logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų vieta Lietuvos transporto bei verslo sistemoje, jų ekonominė įtaka verslui. Šie objektai yra svarbūs tiek socialiniu, tiek ekonominiu aspektais, nes išvystyta, patraukli vežėjams transporto infrastruktūra padidina tranzitinius krovinių srautus, skatina vystymąsi eilės šakinių ūkio subjektų. Todėl disertacijoje tiriant logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų reikšmę ir poveikį verslui ir Lietuvos ūkio plėtrai formuojamos teorinės ekonominės logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų bei jų jungiamųjų grandžių plėtros prielaidos ir metodiniai sprendimai. Darbo tikslas: Disertaciniame darbe tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti hipotetinę naujų transporto grandžių ir terminalų reikšmę bei poveikį verslui, suformuluojant teorines ekonominės prioritetinės infrastruktūros ir tarpterminalinių vežimų plėtros prielaidas bei metodinius sprendimus. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijos disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedas. Įvadiniame skyriuje analizuojami šalies ir užsienio mokslininkų požiūriai į tiriamą problemą, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomos autoriaus publikacijos, patei¬kiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje analizuojamas užsienio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This dissertation is analysing validity of investments into development of the land transport infrastructure in Lithuania. The fol-lowing main subjects have been researched: transport sector in Lithuania, the place of prioritized logistic centres and transport terminals within the transport and business system, the effect of them on business economy. These subjects influences both, social and economic aspects since a well-developed transport infrastructure being attractive for carriers may increase the flows of transit cargoes but also start stimulating development of different objects of economy. Therefore, by analysing the effects and influences of logistic centres and transport terminals on business and economy development in Lithuania, in this dissertation I have formulated some theory based economic assumptions and methodic solutions towards the development of logistic centers and transport terminals as well as their connecting chains. The objective of the research: to analyse the significance and influence of new transport chains on both, business and economical development of Lithuania as well as enunciation of theory based economic assumptions and methodical solutions for the development of prioritized infrastructures and transport terminals. The work comprises introduction, three chapters, result summary, bibliography, and refers to the author‘s publications on the dissertation topic as well as annexes. The introduction, refers to different attitudes of national... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Rozenfeld, Tales. "Avaliação dos impactos econômicos de investimentos em rodovias sob diferentes alternativas de financiamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-24032016-104649/.

Full text

Abstract:

Este trabalho busca explorar a questão do financiamento da infraestrutura rodoviária, analisando o impacto de se financiar um projeto de melhorias em uma rodovia por meio da cobrança de pedágios vis-à-vis seu financiamento pelo incremento da alíquota do imposto sobre os salários ou do imposto sobre as vendas do setor de transportes. Utilizando um modelo de transportes sequencialmente integrado a um modelo inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável foram simuladas as alternativas de financiamento de investimentos na rodovia BR-040, rodovia recém concedida pelo Governo Federal que figurou como estudo de caso para a presente pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que a escolha da alternativa de financiamento é relevante para os impactos regionalmente distribuídos do projeto, sendo determinante na definição das regiões beneficiadas pelas melhorias. Sob a perspectiva dos impactos agregados do país, a situação que apresenta o maior impacto no crescimento do PIB nacional é o investimento financiado pelo próprio usuário da rodovia por meio do pagamento de pedágios. Sob a perspectiva regional, percebe-se uma clara área de influência da rodovia que se beneficia de suas melhorias e, quando os custos para a execução de tais melhorias são compartilhados por todo o país por meio de uma elevação tributária, acentuam-se ainda mais os benefícios observados nessas regiões
This study explores the issue of road infrastructure funding, analyzing the impact of financing a road improvement project through tolls tariff charged from the final users vis-a-vis the financing through an increase in the country\'s payroll tax rate or in the tax rate on the sales of the transport sector. Using a transport model integrated to an interregional computable general equilibrium model this research simulated alternative arrangements for financing investments made at BR-040, Brazilian road recently granted by the Federal Government and which figured as the case study for this Master thesis. The results indicate that the way the investment is financed is relevant to the regionally distributed impacts of the project, being decisive in defining which regions are benefited by the improvement project. Analyzing the country\'s aggregated results, the situation that has the greatest impact on the Brazilian\'s GDP growth is the investment financed by the road users through the payment of a toll tariff. From a regional perspective, a clear area of influence that benefits from the improvements on the road can be identified and, when the costs for executing such improvements are shared with the whole country through a tax increase, these benefits are accentuated

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Essien, E. E. "Competition between air and sea transport in the overseas trade of West Africa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373126.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Joice, Joice. "Public Transport in JABODETABEK Area." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4569.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Norman-Monroe, Therese. "Transport accessibility, wholesale trade and spatial development." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37291.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis comprises four independent papers, which all explore some aspect of the relationship between accessibility and spatial development. The central question I pose is how improved accessibility to transportation services, human capital, jobs, or the market contributes to the spatial variation in economic development. Empirical data and estimations are utilized in all chapters. The first paper (co-authored with Johan Klaesson) explores how a regional accessibility model can be used to analyze the growth of knowledge-intensive industries on a detailed geographical scale compared to a broader definition. In the second paper (co-authored with Maria Börjesson and Christer Anderstig), a refined accessibility measure is used to estimate the magnitude of the causal effect of transport system investments on the unemployment rate, and whether the effect differs for people with different levels of education. The third paper addresses the role that access to transportation services plays for wholesale start-ups, particularly in regions lacking in local demand. The analysis in paper number four covers the same time period as the advancement of the Internet, which greatly reduced transaction costs. The paper examines the importance of access to human capital for the spatial reorganization and growth of wholesale industries during this time period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Allio, Cédric. "Local policies, urban dynamics and climate change : development of a multiscale modeling framework." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1073.

Full text

Abstract:

Les échecs successifs des négociations internationales sur le réchauffement climatique, dont l'objectif est d'établir un cadre global de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, ont contribué à l'émergence d'initiatives locales de lutte contre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, notamment à l'échelle urbaine. Les initiatives locales sont porteuses d'espoir, parce que les pouvoirs locaux ont la charge de décisions influençant les émissions : les décisions relatives à l'aménagement de leurs territoires, au développement des transports en commun, à la construction de logements. Cependant, les politiques locales à mettre en place pour réduire efficacement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre au niveau mondial ne sont pas, aujourd'hui, bien définies. Cette thèse présente un modèle qui permet de comprendre le rôle que peuvent jouer les politiques locales dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, et leurs interactions avec une échelle plus globale. La plupart des modèles existants utilisés pour évaluer le coût des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique ne tiennent compte que des déterminants technologiques et négligent le rôle des dynamiques urbaines. Le modèle développé représente les liens entre la consommation d'énergie des ménages, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et l'organisation spatiale des villes
The failure of the international community, pointed out in the successive annual Conferences of the Parties, to implement global climate policies has fostered supports for local initiatives, in particular at the urban levels. Local action is believed to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions as local communities are at the cutting edge of the climate change challenge because they have responsibility for a wide range of decisions that affect emissions: land use planning, urban transport and housing policies. However, how to use efficiently local policies to reduce gas emissions at a global scale remains unclear. In this thesis, we developed some tools that can give insights on the role of local policies in climate change mitigation and their interaction with the global scale. The overwhelming majority of energy-economy-environment models conventionally used to assess mitigation costs of climate change focus essentially on the technological determinants of energy trends but do not capture explicitly the role of urban dynamics. We propose a step forward to the representation of the interplay between energy consumption, carbon emissions and the spatial organization of cities

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Barnes, Ryan N. "Essays on the Economics of Energy and Transportation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5653.

Full text

Abstract:

The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is responsible for planning, operating, and maintaining a highway network consisting of over 18,500 lane-miles of highway. In recent years the growing uncertainty about oil prices and availability has made long-range transportation planning even more challenging. Rather than relying on trend extrapolation, this study uses market mechanisms to shed light on key long-range transportation planning assumptions. In particular, this study was conducted to help WSDOT assess the likelihood that natural gas will substitute for petroleum fuels and estimate the impacts that changes in fuel prices will have on natural gas vehicle demand, fuel consumption, and Greenhouse Gas emissions. The main findings of this project were that there is an unstable price difference per unit of energy between natural gas and oil. This price difference accounts for the relative attractiveness of natural gas as a transportation fuel. Furthermore, an international market for natural gas is emerging due to the international trade in liquefied natural gas. Despite these potential benefits the market has created for the use of natural gas as transportation fuel, our model still predicts that consumers will not adopt natural gas vehicles. Due to the low adoption of natural gas vehicles, pollution abatement policies designed around increasing adoption of natural gas vehicles is likely to be very expensive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Labanauskas, Gintautas. "Substantiation of investments into development of the prioritized overland transport infrastructure in Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100708_134230-56929.

Full text

Abstract:

During the last several years till the beginning of the global financial crisis Lithuania’s economy was rapidly growing as per high percentage of GDP, growing sales and profitability of the industrial sector. These indicators speak about Lithuanian industry and different business areas being capable of adjus- ting to the complicated international market environment. Important factors leading to a faster and stable growth of the country’s economy are implementa- tion of modern technologies, renovation of companies, introduction of new operation processes as well as expeditious investment possibilities and commu- nication system effective functioning. Nowadays continuously intensifying processes of economic, social and political globalization necessitate foundation of large transport companies and integration of the existing transport systems of different countries into one glo- bal system thus forming international transport corridors that ensure faster mo- vement of vehicle flows (as well as material goods, i. e. cargoes) between diffe- rent countries, the entire process being based on application of modern logistic know-how for cargo carriage. Integration of Lithuania’s transport network into a common European transport system would be a good opportunity to attract additional transit flows and to warehouse cargoes in the logistic centres or terminals, at the same time creating rational transit transport policy and implementing one of the main principles of the... [to full text]
Disertacijoje tiriamas investicijų į Lietuvos sausumos transporto infrastruktūros prioritetinę plėtrą pagrįstumas. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra: Lietuvos transporto sektorius, logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų vieta Lietuvos transporto bei verslo sistemoje, jų ekonominė įtaka verslui. Šie objektai yra svarbūs tiek socialiniu, tiek ekonominiu aspektais, nes išvystyta, patraukli vežėjams transporto infrastruktūra padidina tranzitinius krovinių srautus, skatina vystymąsi eilės šakinių ūkio subjektų. Todėl disertacijoje tiriant logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų reikšmę ir poveikį verslui ir Lietuvos ūkio plėtrai formuojamos teorinės ekonominės logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų bei jų jungiamųjų grandžių plėtros prielaidos ir metodiniai sprendimai. Darbo tikslas: Disertaciniame darbe tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti hipotetinę naujų transporto grandžių ir terminalų reikšmę bei poveikį verslui, suformuluojant teorines ekonominės prioritetinės infrastruktūros ir tarpterminalinių vežimų plėtros prielaidas bei metodinius sprendimus. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijos disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedas. Įvadiniame skyriuje analizuojami šalies ir užsienio mokslininkų požiūriai į tiriamą problemą, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomos autoriaus publikacijos, patei¬kiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje analizuojamas užsienio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wijaya, Doddy Hendra. "SERVICE FAILURE IN JAKARTA PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4576.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Gregorian, Hayk. "Air Transport versus High-Speed Rail: From Physics to Economics." Bachelor's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184074658.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose - This bachelor thesis compares high-speed rail (HSR) transport with air transport. The investigation considers physical fundamentals, energy consumption, environmental impact, infrastructure and investment, market situations, passenger's selection criteria to choose transportation options, and overall economics. --- Methodology - The thesis combines an investigation of physical principles with a literature review. --- Findings - Steel wheels on steel rails show by far less rolling resistance to support the train's weight than drag due to lift (induced drag) to support the aircraft's weight. This leads to less energy consumption. HSR trains use electricity from an overhead line. Hence, the environmental impact of HSR also depends much on how the electricity is produced. Airplanes only need an air traffic control environment to connect airports. In contrast, HSR needs infrastructure to connect stations. The amount of necessary infrastructure depends on the geological conditions. For example, crossing mountains means high investment. Longer passages over water are infeasible for HSR. High-speed rail is superior to air transport when connecting megacities because the trains have higher transport capacity, offer higher service frequencies and mission reliability, shorter total travel time, shorter access time to stations, shorter unproductive waiting time in stations and potentially lower travel costs. HSR is a strong competitor to airline services and has replaced some short range flights. A comparison of HSR in different world regions shows differences in the market situation and in passenger's selection criteria for transportation options. --- Research limitations - The potential of high-speed rail was investigated mainly on busy routes with high service frequencies. A comprehensive network comparison between high-speed trains and airplanes was not done and could lead to somewhat different results. --- Practical implications - The report tries to contribute arguments to the discussion about alternatives to air travel. --- Social implications - With more knowledge people can make an educated choice between transport options, can vote with their feet, and can take a firm position in the public discussion. --- Originality/value - A general comparison of HSR and air transport from physical fundamentals to economics seemed to be missing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kauffmann, Albrecht. "Transport costs and the size of cities : the case of Russia." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1620/.

Full text

Abstract:

Real costs of freight transportation have strong increased in Russia particularly during the period of price liberalization 1992–93. This paper investigates possible connections between rising transport costs and the evolution of the size structure of the system of cities in the Russian Federation and its federal subjects. Empirical findings suggest that under conditions of a closed system agglomeration processes according to the predictions of the model of Tabuchi et al. (2005) would have taken place especially in the periphere regions of the North and Far East.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Reynolds, Michael Matthew. "Theoretical investigations into competition, regulation, and integration in transport networks." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8394.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, we review the literature and some of the key issues in UK transport. We identify a need to discourage car use and the role that public transport plays in this. We discuss the various options available to policymakers to reduce problems of congestion and pollution. We note how the emphasis on deregulation and competition to promote public transport, and discourage car use, have had perverse side effects. In some cases, public transport services have become disintegrated; resulting in reductions in flexibility and increasing the generalised cost of travelling – making public transport less attractive. This raises an important question: how do we encourage a greater degree of service integration without undoing the gains from competition? The second part of the thesis, explores this issue using a theoretical transport network model. We find that various regimes involving private firms are likely to lead to the provision of an integrated ticketing system, but that not all such regimes are socially desirable. We consider how the configuration of regulatory policy may steer the private firms to produce more socially desirable outcomes. The deregulation of elements of the UK public transport network has often led to situations approaching local monopoly. The third part of this thesis investigates the private (monopoly) incentive to offer joined-up services relative to the social incentive. The more complete the service provision, the closer the match with consumer’s preferences, and the lower the generalised cost of travel. We find the monopolist does not always choose the socially desirable level of service, even when economically viable, but it may be possible to induce this provision through entry or threats of entry on a sub-set of the network. The thesis ends with a summary of the main results and suggestions for further work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mayekiso, Sipokazi. "The impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2260.

Full text

Abstract:

The transport infrastructure investment has been a subject of many studies for some time, mainly in improving and predicting the economic growth of the country and improving employment in South Africa. Given this, the study examines the impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa by using time series econometric analysis over the period 1982-2012. Some key variables considered include unemployment, real GDP, real exchange rate, real interest rate, and trade openness total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. To separate the long and short run effect, VECM was employed after ensuring stationarity of the series. The study found that a long run relationship exist between the unemployment, transport infrastructure investment, real GDP, real exchange rate , real interest rate, trade openness and total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. The Results of this thesis have implications for policy and academic work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Phoenix, Joseph D. "Spatial Temperature Variation in Refrigerated Road Transport." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4418.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluated the temperature variability that existed in refrigerated table grape consignments over a two-day journey from two suppliers in southern Spain, to client managed facilities in England. In order to inhibit senescence, perishable foods are transported in temperature-controlled transport to maximize shelf life. However, thermal dynamics suggests that uniform spatial temperature is not necessarily achieved despite a constant set point. As fruit exposed to suboptimal temperatures is more likely to exhibit undesirable quality issues, knowledge of spatial temperature can direct quality control team members to these potentially problematic pallets within an inbound shipment. Warmer temperatures were identified on the passenger side of both trailers, at the rear of both trailers, and in lower pallet layers. Furthermore, heightened temperature was recorded in lower pallet layers in close proximity to the refrigeration return unit. The Supplier 2 shipment, set at 4oC, exhibited more spatially uniform temperatures compared to the Supplier 1 shipment set at 1oC. This implies that an operational compromise may exist: a higher but more uniform temperature or a lower but more variable temperature. In addition, analysis of airflow distribution suggested that airflow could be improved specifically in lower pallet layers and towards the rear of the trailer. Improved circulation will promote improved temperature uniformity for quality maintenance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Prawitz, Erik. "On the Move : Essays on the Economic and Political Development of Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145925.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis consists of four self-contained essays in economics. Their abstracts are presented below: Exit, Voice and Political Change: Evidence from Swedish Mass Migration to the United States. We study the political effects of mass emigration to the United States in the 19th century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total emigration over several decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that sparked an initial wave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel costs. Our estimates show that emigration substantially increased the local demand for political change, as measured by labor movement membership, strike participation and voting. Emigration also led to de facto political change, increasing welfare expenditures as well as the likelihood of adopting more inclusive political institutions. Mass Migration, Cheap Labor, and Innovation. Migration is often depicted as a major problem for struggling developing countries, as they may lose valuable workers and human capital. Yet, its effects on sending regions are ambiguous and depend crucially on local market responses and migrant selection. This paper studies the effects of migration on technological innovation in sending communities during one of the largest migration episodes in human history: the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913). Using novel historical data on Sweden, where about a quarter of its population migrated, we find that migration caused an increase in technological patents in sending municipalities. To establish causality, we use an instrumental variable design that exploits severe local growing season frost shocks together with within-country travel costs to reach an emigration port. Exploring possible mechanisms, we suggest that increased labor costs, due to low-skilled emigration, induced technological innovation. On the Right Track: Railroads, Mobility and Innovation During Two Centuries. We study the construction of the 19th-century Swedish railroad network and estimate its effects on innovation during two centuries. To address endogenous placement of the network, our analysis exploits the fact that the main trunk lines were built with the overarching aim to connect particular city centers, while at the same time considering construction costs. Estimates show that innovative activities increased substantially in areas traversed by the railroads. The number of active innovators increased and, moreover, they became more productive. Exploring potential mechanisms, we highlight the importance of knowledge diffusion across space by studying spatial patterns of collaboration between innovators. Our analysis shows that innovators residing in areas connected by the railroad start to collaborate more and over longer distances, especially with other innovators located along the railroad network. Finally, we show that the differences in innovative activities were intensified over the 20th century. Areas traversed by the historical railroads exhibit much higher rates of innovation in the present day. Homeownership, Housing Wealth and Socioeconomic Outcomes: Evidence from Sweden 1999-2007. This paper studies a government supported homeownership wave in Sweden, where tenants bought their apartments at prices below the market value in the ownership market. Using detailed administrative register data paired with a difference-in-differences strategy, it compares individuals subject to an ownership transfer to similar individuals who never got the opportunity to buy their homes. After establishing that the new homeowners instantly increased their net wealth, the effects of homeownership and housing wealth on a set of socioeconomic outcomes are measured over time. Although the lump-sum transfer is large, the average individual only modestly adjusts her behavior in terms of labor market participation and demographic decision-making. Studying differences across age, younger tenants increase childbearing and decrease labor income, although modestly. Individuals near their retirement age decrease their labor market participation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hirte, Georg, and Stefan Tscharaktschiew. "Does labor supply modeling affect findings of transport policy analyses?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-175627.

Full text

Abstract:

The transport and urban economics literature applies different labor supply approaches when studying economic or planning instruments. Some studies assume that working hours are endogenous while the number of workdays is given, whereas others model only decisions on workdays. Unfortunately, empirical evidence does hardly exist on account of missing data. Against this background, we provide an assessment of whether general effects of transport policies are robust against the modeling of leisure demand and labor supply. We introduce different labor supply approaches into a spatial general equilibrium model and discuss how they affect the welfare implication of congestion policies. We, then, perform simulations and find that in many cases the choice of labor supply modeling not only affects the magnitude of the policy impact but also its direction. While planning instruments are suggested to be quite robust to different labor supply approaches, the way of modeling labor supply may crucially affect the overall welfare implications of economic instruments such as congestion tolls. Based on these findings it becomes clear which labor supply approach is the most appropriate given specific conditions. Our study also emphasizes the need for better micro labor market data that also feature days of sickness, overtime work used to reduce workdays, the actual number of leave days, part-time work, days with telecommuting etc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ellis, S. D. "The economics of the provision of rural transport services in developing countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3297.

Full text

Abstract:

Rural accessibility planning in developing countries over the last few decades has primarily focused on increasing rural communities access to rural roads. It has been considered that road building improves access to health, education, markets and employment opportunities, and hence promotes economic development. It is argued in this thesis that accessibility, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, has not improved to the desired extent because the problem of mobility, in terms of access to vehicle services, has not been addressed. The provision of rural roads and transport services have been taken as synonymous with each other, but in reality this has not proved to be the case. This thesis attempts to redress that balance by seeking to change the mindset of policy makers to think about mobility and increase the emphasis placed on the promotion of transport services, both motorised and non-motorised. The findings relate to surveys undertaken in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Zimbabwe and Pakistan where data were collected on vehicle operating costs (VOC's) and performance for a wide range of commonly used rural vehicles. These included human porterage and non-motorised vehicles such as bicycles and animal transport, as well as motorised vehicles such as conventional trucks and pickups, agricultural tractors and simple engine-powered vehicles. Analysis of the data demonstrated large differences in the VOC's and transport charges for rural transport services between the generally efficient systems in the Asian countries and the inefficient ones in the African countries studied. These findings form the foundation for the development of the Rural Transport Planner (RTP) and the framework which identifies the relationships between transport charges, VOC's, and factors relating to the vehicles operating environment. The RTP provides the first known attempt at producing a model for rural vehicle selection and for recommending interventions to improve the operating environment for rural transport services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Borsati, Mattia. "Empirical Essays on Transport and Regional Economics: Safety, Intermodality, and Commuting Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/268170.

Full text

Abstract:

The following doctoral thesis, sponsored by Autostrada del Brennero S.p.A. (an Italian highway concession company in charge of managing toll roads) consists on empirical essays at the crossroad between transport and regional economics. They focus on different aspects that directly involve motorways (i.e, safety, intermodality, and commuting dynamics) and they are aimed at providing further evidences that transport institutions and policy makers could take into account throughout their decision-making processes. The first chapter presents a research article that seeks to determine the impact of an average speed enforcement system in reducing highway accidents. Indeed, at the end of 2005, Autostrade per l'Italia (ASPI) and the Italian traffic police progressively deployed along the Italian tolled motorway network an average speed enforcement system, named Safety Tutor, able to determine the average speed of vehicles over a long section to encourage drivers to comply with speed limits and improve safety. To empirically test the extent to which Safety Tutor led to a reduction in both total and fatal accidents on Italian highways during the period of 2001-2017, we carried out a generalized difference-in-differences estimation using a unique panel dataset that exploits the heterogeneous accident data within all tolled motorway sectors in a quasi-experimental setting. To deal with the potential endogeneity of the non-random placement of Safety Tutor sites, we utilized an instrumental variable strategy by using the network of motorway sectors managed by ASPI and its controlled concessionaires from 2005 onwards (i.e., when the technology was available) as an instrument to predict Safety Tutor adoption. We found that a 10% increase in Safety Tutor coverage led to an average reduction in total accidents of 3.9%, whereas there is no evidence of a significant causal effect of Safety Tutor in reducing fatal accidents. The second chapter presents a research article that seeks to investigate the inter-modal competition between motorway and high-speed rail (HSR) services, as the extent to which HSR demand could be the result of a modal shift from motorways is a relevant issue in any cost-benefit analysis of HSR investments. Indeed, the development of HSR has had a notable impact on modal market shares on the routes on which its services have been implemented. To analyse whether the HSR expansion in Italy has led to a modal shift from motorway to HSR, we empirically test i) whether HSR openings adjacent to motorway sectors have reduced the total km travelled by light vehicles on these sectors during the period 2001-2017; and ii) whether this reduction has been persistent or even more evident after the opening of on-track competition between two HSR operators. To do so, we carried out a generalized difference-in-differences estimation, using a unique panel dataset that exploits the heterogeneous traffic data within all tolled motorway sectors in a quasi-experimental setting. Our findings reveal that neither HSR openings nor the opening of on-track competition led to a modal shift from motorway to HSR services, as the two transport modes are non-competing. Conversely, HSR expansion had a slightly positive impact on motorway traffic. The third chapter presents a data article in a “data in brief” format that describes a dataset on municipality-to-municipality commuting patterns in Italy over the 1991, 2001, and 2011 censuses aimed at investigating the role of transport infrastructures and the structural transformation of the economy on worker mobility. At this purpose, a core origin-destination dataset on the number of workers moving between municipalities, or within the same municipality, has been linked with further municipality covariates on jobs location, population, and the distances in meters and journey times in minutes between all municipalities. Even though these data are freely available online, they require some tedious work to organize. Therefore, this data article brings the necessary information together and makes the dataset available on request. The dataset offers applied researchers an alternative source of information to shed new lights on the changing shape of urban systems by analysing i) the impact of infrastructural endowment in providing better job accessibility, or ii) the connection between increasing commuting patterns and the structural transformation of the economy due to the tertiarization process from 1991 to 2011.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Johnsson, Richard. "Transport Tax Policy Simulations and Satellite Accounting within a CGE Framework." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Univ., Department of Economics, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy043/2003504674.html.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sulemana, Iddrisu M. "The influence of local zoning policies and and access to public transport on residential locational choice." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1579.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of America's inner cities is not far from sight. Declining population, a high incidence of unemployment and galloping crime rates are all too familiar. Like many other social issues, we must first clearly understand its root causes before proposing solutions. Household income is readily attributable and largely concentrated on when it comes to researching the process of residential location decision making. However the role of income is only one aspect of the problem, and in fact does differ among metropolitan areas. This thesis applied a logistic model to evaluate the influence of household income on the likelihood of suburban residence. The model is empirically evaluated using data on residential locational patterns in Atlanta and Birmingham metropolitan areas. Significant difference in the likelihood of suburban residence were found between these two metropolitan areas for the same level of income, indicating the different roles that factors aside from income play in residential location. In the following pages, such differences are attributed to differences in local zoning policies and effectiveness of public transportation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kirchberger, Martina. "Essays in development economics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ee9ff16-cb50-447a-8e20-f9e5865334d6.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis comprises three stand-alone chapters: The first chapter is on the effect of natural disasters on labor markets. Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, the Desinventar database, the US Geological Survey and district level employment indicators, we explore how a large earthquake in Indonesia affected local labor markets, in particular the evolution of wages and employment across sectors. We find that wage growth in the agriculture sector is significantly higher in earthquake affected areas. We propose two mechanisms for this result and show evidence for both mechanisms. The second chapter investigates the intra-household allocation of leisure and consumption among siblings. Children are often treated as passive members in the household and their preferences over consumption and leisure are rarely modeled. This chapter considers children as agents with their own preferences over leisure and consumption and builds a theoretical and empirical model for children's time and consumption allocations in a household. We test the predictions of the model with data from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam. The results suggest that differences in siblings' relative time and consumption allocations are driven by their relative preferences over leisure and consumption rather than differences in parents' relative altruism. The third chapter examines the cost of transport infrastructure in developing countries. To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes drivers of unit costs of construction of transport infrastructure using a large data set of 3,322 unit costs of road work activities in low and middle income countries. We find a large dispersion in unit costs for comparable work activities. Unit costs are significantly higher in conflict and corrupt countries, and these effects are robust to controlling for a country's public investment capacity and business environment. Finally, higher unit costs are significantly negatively correlated with infrastructure provision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Doerr, Uwe. "Contract designs in the German piggyback transport industry : a transaction cost economics analysis." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2001. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/2976/.

Full text

Abstract:

The liberalisation of transport capacities and prices of land-based transport of goods in Europe in the 1990s led to an increasingly market-orientated decision process for the users of piggyback transport services. However, the empirical research has not yet examined the contracts co-ordinating German piggyback transport chains in this changed environment. This analysis seeks to explain the four types of contracts most commonly used in German piggyback transport by relating them to the theory of transaction cost economics (TCE). The qualitative case study approach adopted here derives from the tradition of Oliver Williamson’s research. The hypothesis of the thesis relates the different contract designs to the type of transport service: the higher the specificity of an asset to fulfil the transport service required by the freight forwarder, the higher the tendency to vertically integrate piggyback transport services. Put differently, the following question is answered: ‘do the contracts used by freight forwarders to acquire the transport service of rail operators result in the lowest transaction costs o f the existing contracts for the specific haulage requested?’ The thesis models these transaction attributes o f the rail transport services for piggyback according to TCE and subsequently assigns them to the contract design elements o f the four types o f contracts. The first two contracts are efficient in all transport services they co-ordinate and the third is efficient to a large extent in terms o f the volume o f services co-ordinated. The fourth contract type cannot currently be designed in a way efficient for TCE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Campos, Rodrigo Calabrich. "Avaliação dos impactos espaciais do sistema viário oeste-Bahia: uma abordagem a partir de índices de acessibilidade e da modelagem de equilíbrio geral computável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-30032016-120119/.

Full text

Abstract:

O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar os impactos do Sistema Viário Oeste, importante intervenção no sistema rodoviário da Bahia, sobre a distribuição espacial da atividade econômica e da acessibilidade. Objetivando avaliar os impactos do projeto sobre a atividade econômica, integramos um modelo inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável especialmente desenvolvido para análises de impacto no Estado da Bahia a rede rodoviária do Plano Nacional de Logística e Transportes. A partir de simulações na rede rodoviária e de uma função de custo de frete rodoviário estimamos a redução percentual do custo inter-regional de transporte, variável relevante para integração da rede ao modelo de equilíbrio geral. Podemos destacar três resultados desta análise. Primeiro, as variações na atividade são sensivelmente mais intensas no Estado da Bahia. Segundo, dentre as regiões do Estado da Bahia, àquelas contidas nas regiões Sul, Centro-Sul e a Mesorregião Metropolitana de Salvador são as mais beneficiadas pelo Sistema Viário Oeste. Estes ganhos ocorrem em detrimento das regiões localizadas na porção setentrional do estado, que apresentam acréscimos menos expressivos ou até decréscimo da atividade econômica. Terceiro, o projeto apresenta efeitos de spillover relevantes, tendo em vista que, em todas as situações modeladas, ao menos 30% do aumento do produto real decorrente da operação do projeto beneficia regiões fora do Estado da Bahia. Objetivando avaliar os impactos do Sistema Viário Oeste sobre a acessibilidade, calculamos quatro indicadores de acessibilidade: o índice de acessibilidade locacional e três índices de acessibilidade potencial. Empreendemos então três análises sobre os índices calculados. Em um primeiro momento, avaliamos os impactos da redução dos tempos de deslocamentos decorrentes da construção do Sistema Viário Oeste sobre a distribuição espacial da acessibilidade. Como resultado desta análise, constatamos que os mesmos se concentram intensamente no Estado da Bahia. No estado, os municípios mais fortemente impactados são aqueles localizados nas regiões do Sul e Centro-Sul Baiano, com claro destaque para os municípios do Recôncavo. Em um segundo momento, analisamos os impactos do Sistema Viário Oeste sobre a desigualdade na distribuição de acessibilidade. Esta análise evidencia, em linhas gerais, o aumento da desigualdade regional na distribuição de acessibilidade entre os municípios baianos, sinalizando a intensificação da desigualdade na distribuição espacial das vantagens locacionais decorrentes das possibilidades de interação. Em um terceiro momento, empreendemos uma análise raramente efetuada em estudos desta natureza. Recalculamos os índices de acessibilidade utilizando as estimativas da variação do produto interno bruto proveniente das simulações no modelo de equilíbrio geral. Nesta análise, procuramos avaliar as consequências de se considerar às variações na atividade decorrentes do Sistema Viário Oeste sobre os índices de acessibilidade. Nesta perspectiva, observamos que a variação da atividade é relevante para explicar o comportamento da acessibilidade apenas em regiões pouco impactadas pela redução no tempo de deslocamento. Ainda, observamos que esta não impacta significativamente a análise empreendida sobre os índices de desigualdade
The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the impacts of the Sistema Viário Oeste, an important intervention in the road network of Bahia (Brazil), on the spatial distribution of economic activity and accessibility. In order to evaluate the project\'s impacts on economic activity, we integrated an interregional computable general equilibrium model specially designed for impact analysis in the State of Bahia to the road network of the National Plan of Logistics and Transport. We then estimated the percentage reduction in inter-regional transport costs, the relevant variable for integrating the road network to the general equilibrium model, based on simulations on the road network and a freight cost function. Three results from this analysis can be highlighted. First, variations in economic activity are significantly more intense in the State of Bahia. Second, within the State of Bahia the South, South-Central mesorregions and Metropolitan Mesorregion of Salvador are the ones that most benefit from the Sistema Viário Oeste. This expansion occurs at the expense of regions located in the northern part of the State. The aforementioned regions accrue less significant positive gains or even losses in economic activity. Third, the project has significant spillover effects, given that at least 30% of the increase in real output due to the operation of the project benefits regions outside the State of Bahia. Aiming at evaluating the impact of the Sistema Viário Oeste on accessibility, we calculated four accessibility indexes: the locational accessibility index and three potential accessibility measures. We then performed three distinct analyzes over the calculated indexes. First, we evaluated the impact of travel time reductions on the spatial distribution of accessibility. As a result of this analysis, we found that the benefits generated by the Sistema Viário Oeste accrue mostly to regions in the State of Bahia. Within the state, the most heavily impacted municipalities are those located in the South-Central and South Bahia. Second, we analyzed the impacts of the Sistema Viário Oeste on accessibility inequality. This analysis shows, in general terms, the increase in regional inequality in the distribution of accessibility, signaling the increased inequality in the spatial distribution of location advantages arising from the possibilities of interaction. Third, we undertook an analysis rarely made in studies of this nature. We recalculated the accessibility indices using the estimates of the impacts on gross domestic product derived from general equilibrium simulations. In this analysis, we evaluated the impacts of activity changes resulting from the Sistema Viário Oeste over the accessibility indices. In this perspective, we observe that change in economic activity is relevant for the explanation of accessibility growth only in regions mildly affected by the decrease in travel time. Furthermore we found that changes in activity have no impact on the inequality analysis undertaken

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Potgieter, Andries Hendrik. "Appraising the national road transport system in the light of the South African economic development plan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3655.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the mid 70’s politicians have realized how important transport has become in the economy of South Africa and the advantages it has on growth, job creation and infrastructure. The result was involvement in the rules and regulations that govern South African transport in our country today. Economic growth has become a critical factor for the survival of economies as well as the future prospects of generations to come. The global recession which had a direct and indirect effect on South Africa has highlighted the importance. The question on how the National Development Plan could have an influence on local and national economic growth has developed as well as what the impact will be of the contribution road transport can make on the growth of the South African society and the economy. When the current road transport sector is taken into consideration, the need for a constructive plan that can assist transporters, drivers and businesses to grow and expand has been identified. The purpose of this study is thus to determine what the current economic situation in the world and in South Africa is as well as how the current political spheres are contributing to the national economy. An in-depth analysis of the National Development Plan has been done with emphasis on the effect on transport in general and the effect on road transport in South Africa. In order to accomplish this objective a detailed literature study was done which highlighted the academics information that pertains to the above mentioned topics. An empirical study that would measure the thought process and feelings about the National Development Plan and road transport has been conducted by means of a questionnaire. The results of the study have indicated that the National Development Plan could be an important tool and could have an enormous positive effect on the overall economic situation of South Africa and its citizens. In addition, the study has revealed that in the long term the effect of the plan could be to the advantage of the road transport sector. Factors that could contribute to the success would be features such as the planned improvements on the main transport corridors, upgrade of infrastructure and the controlling of environmental matters would have give a positive ring to it. On the other hand, recommendations to rectify and improve other issues such as corruption, leadership, maintenance backlogs and stricter laws and policies have been identified that are hindering businesses to grow and expand. Literature and data gained through the empirical study has indicated that the National Development Plan will improve South Africa’s economic situation. Respondents were optimistic about the plan and the overall feeling were that the plan will succeed in improving the road transport sector thus contribute to the National Development Plan objective to eliminate poverty and inequality by 2030.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Carvalho, Metanias Hallack Michelle. "Economic regulation of offer and demand of flexibility in gas network." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111009.

Full text

Abstract:

La thèse discute des conséquences des changements majeurs du modèle de la demande de gaz décrits précédemment. L´exigence de flexibilité à court terme a été l´une des principales caractéristiques de la demande de gaz pour la production d´électricité. Ainsi, la capacité de l´industrie du gaz à fournir des services flexibles à court terme a été valorisée par le biais du marché de l´électricité. Cela signifie une augmentation de la valeur économique des services permettant d´adopter une position attentiste vis-à-vis de la consommation avant toute prise de décision. Différents secteurs de l´industrie du gaz ont été affectés par les variations de la demande, c´est le cas de la production des champs de gaz, du stockage et des mécanismes d´importation du gaz qui ont été incités à la flexibilité. L´introduction des outils de flexibilité, qu’impliquent les variations de la demande, dépend directement des services de réseau. Par conséquent la concrétisation de la valeur économique de la flexibilité de l´industrie gazière dépend des services de réseau.Le réseau de transports de gaz est un élément-clé de l´industrie gazière portant sur deux types de flexibilités physiques: la mobilité et l´aptitude au stockage. Les propriétés physiques du gaz naturel permettent la flexibilité par la gestion des différentiels de pression. Les différentiels de pression contrôlent les mouvements de gaz. Le réseau est de loin le principal mécanisme de transport de gaz et donc un élément majeur de la filière du gaz permettant le commerce de cette matière première. Cependant, le réseau peut aussi être l´une des parties les plus couteuses de l´industrie gazière et, une fois les investissements réalisés ils ne sont ni remboursables, ni récupérables par un autre moyen car ils n'ont pas d’autres utilisations, ce sont les coûts irrécupérables. Malgré cela, la spécificité de le utilisation des actifs des réseaux évolue au cours du développement du réseau.L´intervention des réseaux de transport dans la prestation de services de flexibilité du gaz est une condition obligatoire de la flexibilité du système gazier. Premièrement parce que les services de réseau sont complémentaires de tout autre instrument de flexibilité tels que le stockage souterrain, les infrastructures GNL et le commerce de gaz. Deuxièmement, parce que les services du réseau de transport gazier, tel le que stock en conduite, peuvent également être compétitifs vis à vis d´autres instruments de flexibilité dégroupé.Par conséquent, la régulation du réseau doit prendre en compte l´impact à court et à long terme des règles d´incitation. Compte tenu du fait que le développement du réseau dépend des exigences de flux prévisibles, des variations importantes de la demande de gaz et les changements de flux qui en découlent auront un impact sur l´activité d´exploitation des réseaux gaziers. D´un côté le développement du réseau dépend de la prévision des besoins de flux, et de l´autre, la flexibilité des infrastructures du réseau conditionne nécessairement celle de l´utilisation. Par conséquent, les variations de la demande, responsable de l´accroissement des exigences de flexibilité ainsi que des variations des flux de gaz qui en découlent doivent avoir un impact sur l´exploitation du réseau de gaz et sur l´incitation aux investissements d’infrastructure
This thesis discusses the consequences of the major changes in gas demand patterns. The requirement of short term flexibility has been one of the main features of electricity generation gas demand. As consequence, the capacity of gas industry to provide short term flexibility services has been valorized through electricity market. It means an increasing economic value to services allowing waiting and seeing before consumption decision. Different parts of the gas industry was impacted by the changes on demand, for instance gas fields productions, storage and gas importation mechanisms were incited to offer flexible provisions. The introduction of tools to provide flexibility required by demand depends on network services. It means the realization of the flexibility value of gas industry depends on gas network services. The gas transport network is the key part of gas industry, and it may provide two kinds of gas physical flexibility: mobility and storability. The physical properties of natural gas allow flexibility by means of pressure differential management. The change on pressures may compress natural gas and the pressures differences drive gas motions. The network has been, by far, the main mechanism to carry gas, thus an essential part of the gas industry chain to allow commodity trade. Network, however, may be one of the most expensive parts of gas industry, and, after the investment done, it becomes sunk costs. But the specificity of networks assets changes in the course of network development. The use of transport network in the provision of gas flexibility services is a necessary condition to provide flexibility in the gas system. First, because network services are complementary of any other flexibility tool, as underground storage, LNG infrastructures and gas trade. Second, because gas transport network services, as line-pack storage, may also be competitive to the others unbundled flexibility tools. Therefore, network regulation needs to take into account the short and the long term impact of the rules incentives. Given that network development depends on expected flow requirements, strong change on gas demand and the consequent changes on gas flows must impact gas network operation. On the one hand, network development depends on expected flow requirements, and on the other, provisions of flexibility depend necessarily on the flexible use of network infrastructures. Hence, changes on gas demand increasing flexibility requirements and the consequent changes on gas flow must impact gas network operation and must impact the incentive on infrastructures investment

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Aljanahi, Abdulrahman Akil Mohammed. "An evaluation of the implications of imposing speed limits on major roads." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/273.

Full text

Abstract:

The effectiveness of speed limits has been the subject of considerable debate over the years. In most cases in the past, speed limits have been changed because of a single factor (e. g. improving the safety of road traffic or saving energy). In this thesis an attempt has been made to evaluate the consequences of changing a speed limit using cost-benefit analysis which formed the principle objective of this study. The scope was confined to motorways and similar high-quality roads operating under free-flow traffic conditions where speed limits were believed to be most effective. To achieve the main goal, the effect of the speed limit on the mean speed of traffic was investigated which was the second objective of the study. The third objective was to find the effect of the speed of traffic, and especially the mean speed of traffic, on the frequency and severity of personal injury accidents. There was a need to investigate these two relationships as the literature was not consistent on these relationships. A hypothesis was proposed to achieve the second objective. This was tested by defining criteria that had to be met for each of the data collection sites and measuring the speed of vehicles. There were II sites in Tyne & Wear, England and 14 sites in the State of Bahrain. A statistical analysis was applied to the data collected. It was found, from both sets of data, that speed limits had a positive effect on the mean speed and the eighty-fifth percentile speed of traffic. Linear and non-linear (multiplicative) models were developed for each set of data. In addition to the speed limit, the trip length and the length of the section were shown to affect significantly the mean speed of traffic. The amount of change in the mean speed of traffic varied between the models tested but, generally, for every 4 to 5 km/h change in the speed limit the mean speed of traffic changed by, about, I km/h. In a similar way, a hypothesis was proposed to pursue the third objective. Criteria were established for the selection of suitable data collection sites and for the types of accidents. 9 sites were selected in Tyne & Wear and 10 sites in the State of Bahrain. Data was drawn from a5 year set of accident records in Tyne and Wear and a four year set in the State of Bahrain. A statistical analysis was applied to the data. The set of data from Tyne & Wear revealed no significant relationship between the mean speed of traffic and the frequency of accidents but the speed differentials affected the frequency of the personal injury accidents. The data from Bahrain showed that both the mean speed of traffic and the speed differentials of vehicles affected the frequency of the personal injury accidents. No significant relationships were found between the speed of vehicles and the severity of the personal injury accidents. The principle objective of the study was achieved by applying cost-benefit analysis to the consequences of changing the speed limit for a hypothetical typical section of road. The components of cost were the cost of travel-time, the vehicle operating cost, and the cost of accidents. No monetary values were assigned to the environmental effects so it was not possible to include them in the cost-benefit analysis but they were acknowledged. Any changes in air pollution and noise annoyance due to a change in the mean speed of traffic following a change in a speed limit were likely to be small and were not considered in the study. The significance of the uncertainty in the frequency and severity of personal injury accidents in relation to the mean speed of traffic was studied using 'break-even analysis'. Generally, it was believed that lowering the speed limit on motorways and similar high-quality roads would produce negative benefits, even if the frequency and severity of personal injury accidents decreasedw ithin expectedr anges. Increasing the speed limits would produce positive economic benefits but the conclusion was less firm than the previous case. Sensitivity analysis was applied to the variables used in the cost-benefit analysis. It was found that the net benefits were most sensitive to the estimation of the effect of the speed limits on the mean speed of traffic, the initial mean speed of traffic in the base year of the assessment, the travel-time cost, the changes in the frequency of the personal injury accidents, and changes in the number of fatal injury casualties per average personal injury accident as the speed limit varied (i. e. in descending order for most speed limits). The ranking of these variables differed as the speed limit was changed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yeung, Sau-fung Lorraine. "A study of cross-border freight transport in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3196767X.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Meha, Brikena. "The effect of transport innovation on property prices: A study on the new commuter line between Uppsala and Älvsjö." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316190.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of transport innovation on housing prices. More precisely, I study the effects on housing prices of the new commuter line (J38) between Uppsala and Älvsjö that started on December 9, 2012. The properties covered in the analysis are located around the 11 station stops between Uppsala and Älvsjö. This transport innovation was initiated to increase integration between Uppsala County and Stockholm County. Using the start of the J38 line as a quasi-experiment in a hedonic price model, I compare the changes in housing prices in treated areas and untreated areas after the introduction of the new line. Separate models are estimated for properties in “Housing Cooperative” (Bostadsrätt), and in “Home Ownership” (Äganderätt). The models include contract prices at which the property is sold, house characteristics, distance to nearest rail station, bus station, water and time-fixed effects. The results suggest that apartment prices (in housing cooperative) were negatively affected by the new line, whereas the effect for house prices (home ownership) is not statistically significant different from zero. Key words: Housing Prices, Transport Innovation, Housing cooperative, Home Ownership, Distance to Commuter Station, Hedonic Price Model, Difference-in-Difference.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Häckner, Jonas. "Price and quality : essays on product differentation." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1440.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Trueb, Oliver Ernst Friedrich. "Transport on waterways in the Pearl River Delta : final report /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17592355.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Adams, Colin. "Land transport in Roman Egypt : a study of economics and administration in a Roman province /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip072/2006030360.html.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rus, Gines de. "The economics of urban bus transport in Spain : an analysis of costs, demand and pricing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Traill, Andrew D. "An evaluation of maritime barge systems in north west Europe." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337518.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Trevien, Corentin. "Four essays in empirical urban economics : evaluation of French regional policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0010/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation de quatre politiques d’aménagement du territoire en France. Elle aborde également trois questions majeures de l’économie urbaine : l'influence des transports sur la localisation de l'emploi et de la population, l’élasticité de l'offre de logement et la ségrégation urbaine. La première politique publique étudiée est le Réseau express régional. Ainsi, l’amélioration des transports publics en Île-de-France a favorisé la croissance de l’emploi dans les communes de banlieue. Il n’y aurait en revanche pas de croissance globale de la population mais un possible effet de gentrification à proximité des stations. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle du train à grande vitesse dans l’organisation spatiale des entreprises multi-implantations. Il est établi que les filiales voyant le temps de parcours vers leur siège diminuer se spécialisent dans les activités de production. Cette création s'effectue au détriment des activités d'encadrement. Ensuite, ce travail évalue l’impact des zones franches urbaines. L’effet de première génération de ce dispositif sur la localisation des entreprises et sur l'emploi est massif. En revanche, il n'a que faiblement profité aux habitants de ces quartiers, soulignant un manque de ciblage de la mesure. Le dernier chapitre évalue l’effet des aides au logement sur le niveau des loyers et l’offre de logements locatifs. Il confirme que les aides au logement induisent une hausse des loyers privés. L’élasticité de l'offre de logements reste faible dans le long terme, puisque l'effet inflationniste perdure tandis que la quantité et la qualité des logements locatifs ne s'adaptent pratiquement pas
This thesis evaluates four French urban and regional policies. It also covers three major issues in urban economics: the impact of transportation on the spatial distribution of employment and population, the elasticity of housing supply and urban segregation. First, the thesis focuses on the Regional Express Rail system. The improvement of public transport in the Paris region causes employment to grow in suburban municipalities. However, there is not effect on overall population growth but a possible gentrification effect nearby RER stations. Secondly, this thesis studies the role of high-speed rail in the spatial organization of multi-plant businesses. It shows that the reduction in travel time to their headquarters subsidiaries lead the affiliate to specialize in production activities, to the expense of management tasks. Then, this work assesses the impact of the French Urban Enterprise Zones. The first generation of this program have a massive impact on firm location and employment. However, it only slightly benefited to the local residents, highlighting a lack of targeting. The last chapter evaluates the effect of housing allowance on the level of rents and the supply of rental housing. It confirms that housing subsidies cause private rents to increase. The elasticity of housing supply remains low in the long term, since the upward effect does not vanish and the quantity and the quality of rental housing do not adjust

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Holmgren, Johan. "Studies in Local Public Transport Demand." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15626.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ravelli, Mathias. "Betalningsvilja för hållbar transport : Vad kännetecknar en betalande konsument?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21344.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Background and purpose: The purpose of this study is to fill the gap which is present in the science area of sustainable transport. According to the literature study that has been performed within this thesis it has not been possible to identify any studies which investigates what individuals that has a willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable transport has in common. By investigating if there are any differences between these individuals the study aims to find a common ground in terms of socioeconomic factors or general attitude towards the climate. By doing this, the science gap within this area will be reduced and companies can use the result to identify which kind of services this should be applied to. If more companies apply the sustainable transport choice, more individuals will be able to choose it and the climate footprint could become smaller. Method: In order to find differences between individuals it is essential to apply a method which can be established in the science. By performing a qualitative pre-study of earlier science and literature science, questions have been constructed to create a foundation for a survey. The survey was performed digitally and included questions about the individual socioeconomic factors, general attitude towards the climate and their WTP for sustainable transport. After removal of non-essential answers 109 respondents was left which became the foundation of the analysis. The study is limited to the author’s social network represented by people living in Sweden. Result: The study has found common ground for individuals that has a WTP for sustainable transport. The socioeconomic differences of the individuals has no impact on their WTP for sustainable transport. An individual with WTP is known by its’ concern for the environment and by performing other climate smart choices in the everyday life. Conclusion: The result support, which has been proven by this study, that all companies have the possibility to apply sustainable transport regardless of what target group they have. Also, companies that have individuals that do other climate smart choices as a target group has even bigger chances of successfully implementing sustainable transport. Keywords: Sustainable transport, Green transport, Willingness to pay
SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund och syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att fylla det gap som finns i forskningen inom området hållbar transport. Enligt den litteraturstudie som har utförts i anknytning till arbetet har det inte identifierats några studier som undersökt vad som kännetecknar individer som innehar betalningsvilja för hållbar transport. Genom att undersöka om det finns skillnader mellan individer och på så vis hitta gemensamma nämnare i form av socioekonomisk bakgrund eller generell inställning till miljön ska denna studie bidra till forskningen genom att dels täcka det gap som finns men också ge företag som kan applicera denna tjänst ett incitament för att ta det steget. Om fler företag erbjuder hållbar transport kommer fler individer ha möjlighet att välja denna tjänst och i sin tur kommer miljöpåverkan i samhället minska. Metod: För att hitta skillnader mellan individer är det essentiellt att tillämpa ett metodval som kan förankras i forskningen. Genom en kvalitativ förstudie av tidigare forskning och litteratur har det utformats frågor som lagt grund för en enkätundersökning. Enkätundersökningen utfördes digitalt och inkluderade frågor om individens socioekonomiska bakgrund, generell inställning till miljön samt betalningsviljan för hållbar transport. Efter bortplockande av felaktigt genomförda undersökningar kvarstod 109 tillfrågade respondenter vilket la grund för den analys som sedan lett fram till resultatet. Studien är avgränsad till författarens sociala medier vilket är representerat av människor som bor i Sverige. Resultat: Studien har hittat gemensamma nämnare för de individer som innehar en betalningsvilja för hållbar transport. Vad en individ har för socioekonomisk bakgrund spelar ingen roll för individens betalningsvilja för hållbar transport. En individ som innehar betalningsvilja för hållbar transport kännetecknas enbart av att den är orolig för klimatförändringarna och dess konsekvenser samt att den gör andra klimatsmarta val i vardagen. Konklusion: Resultatet stödjer, med denna studie som grund, att hållbar transport kan appliceras på samtliga företag och det har alltså ingen betydelse vilken målgrupp produkten eller tjänsten inriktar sig på. Däremot har företag vars målgrupp är individer som gör andra klimatsmarta val ännu större chanser att lyckas sälja hållbar transport. Nyckelord: Hållbar transport, Grön transport, Betalningsvilja

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Strömbäck, Tobias, and Boarder Daniel Neij. "Congestion Taxes in Sweden : A comparable study to examine how congestion taxation affect the usage of public transportation in Gothenburg." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96477.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the effect the Gothenburg congestion tax, which was implemented in 2013, has had on the usage of public transportation. The aim of the policy is to reduce congestion, emissions and to finance public transportation infrastructure. The analysis contains panel data over the years 2010 - 2016 in order to measure the changes for the corresponding period of time. This research will contribute to existing research with a new approach since the instrument for controlling congestion is recently implemented, and the empirics are underdeveloped within this field. The difference in difference analysis is executed to isolate the impact of the introduced congestion tax. Gothenburg act as a treatment region, and Växjö act as a control region. Växjö is used as a control region due to limitations in the collection of data; differences between the selected regions are present and are essential to recognize. Significant differences are found in the population, controlled by a generated ratio between monthly commutes and population. Parallel trends are analyzed to increase the validity of the approach and estimated to be held constant during this period. Results show increased usage of public transportation in Gothenburg by approximately five trips per citizen monthly, due to the implementation of the congestion tax. Citizens in Gothenburg avoid getting additional taxied by correcting their type of transit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Bubalo, Branko [Verfasser]. "Airport Capacity and Performance in Europe - A study of transport economics, service quality and sustainability / Branko Bubalo." Hamburg : Universität Hamburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226654940/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Steponavičienė, Guoda. "Europos Sąjungos sausumos transporto politika: ekonominis pagrįstumas ir poveikis Lietuvai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050609_102434-39113.

Full text

Abstract:

The disertation investigates a crucial factor, determining decisions on development of Lithuanian transport system - Common European transport policy in the field of road and railway and provides comprehensive answers to the following questions: (1)are the EU solutions in transport development field economically consistent and feasible, (2)what are the means, suitable for its’ implementation, (3) what effects it will cause for Lithuania’s transport system as well as the whole economic and social life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Clydesdale, Greg. "Industrial leadership : a historical analysis of merchant shipping." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1712.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis set out to explore the forces that determine the rise and fall of industrial leadership. It attempted to do this by applying an industry life cycle model to the shipping industry. The industrial life cycle was posited on the basis of existing literature, particularly the growth of knowledge, evolutionary and institutional literature, which lend themselves to patterns of industrial growth and entrapment. On this basis, this thesis set out to examine whether industrial leadership can be explained by a four-staged process of imitation, catch up, advance and entrapment. However, this thesis has exposed something more complicated. Processes of imitation, catch up advance and entrapment were shown to be at work in the shipping industry, but they were tempered by the effects of military and political forces that may not be exogenous, and the trend from regionalism to globalisation. The original model did not encompass early indigenous developments that are not based on imitation that do not immediately lead to a position of advanced leadership. In this light, a better description of the first stage would be capability building.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport Economics'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles