Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport du faisceau'
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Rochdi, Nabil. "Propriétés de transport de microstructures et nanostructures de silicium." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22068.pdf.
This thesis work deals with the study of transport properties, of both charge and spin, in silicon-based microstructures and nanostructures. We have studied the fabrication process of connected low section (100 x 8 nm2) silicon nanowires (SiNWs) using atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography on thinned silicon on insulator (SOI) samples. Electrical measurements highlighted typical Field Effect Transistor (FET) behaviour of these SiNWs. Electron trapping in oxide or at interfaces is responsible of the cumulative depletion of the wires during the successive I(V) measurements. Electron release is obtained by application of a voltage on the wire gate. So the wires exhibited a memory effect in which the writing / reading process occurs by electron trapping / de-trapping controlled by application of a positive / negative voltage on the device gate. Furthermore, we studied the spin transport in a silicon substrate. Numerical evaluation of spin transport in drift-diffusive regime reveals spin diffusion and spin precession lengths of several microns, under a weak external magnetic field. Such dimensions are compatible with present technology of ICs. Electrical measurements carried out on a magnetic memory integrated on silicon (MEMIS), specially designed for this study, showed electron injection and collection efficiency. However, no magnetoresistance was detected probably due to the low quality of interfaces in the hybrid heterojunctions ferromagnetic metal/insulator/silicon (FMIS). Thus, we proposed to test extra FMIS structures such as Co/AlO(~1 nm)/Si and Co/MgO(~1 nm) /Si, fabricated with less thermal treatments. The direct tunnelling transport in oxide was obtained in these junctions, which would allow spin injection coherence in prospective spin devices. Finally, we have characterized rectifying junctions Ferromagnetic semiconductor/semiconductor (MSS) such as Ge3Mn5/Ge which seem to be particularly suitable for spin injection
MICHAUT-BEHAR, CLAIRE. "Etude experimentale et simulation de l'acceleration et du transport d'un faisceau d'ions negatifs." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066181.
Banda, Gnama Mbimbiangoye Mallys Elliazar. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement de matériaux diélectriques irradiés par faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30208/document.
In their common uses as electrical insulators, organic solid materials are constitutive of electric power transmission cables, power control and conversion circuits as well as (micro) electronic components or embedded systems (thermal coating of satellites, batteries of accumulators, etc.). Under various constraints of use (electric field, radiation, temperature, humidity ...) they can accumulate charges in their bulk which could affect the reliability of the systems in which they are employed. One of the commonly used means to study the electrical behavior of these charges is to measure the spatiotemporal distribution of charges by subjecting the dielectrics to a continuous potential difference between two electrodes. However, this method does not always allow clearly distinguishing the contribution of charges due to generation on the one hand and the one due to transport phenomena on the other hand. This study proposes an alternative approach, consisting in generating charges (electrons) within the electrical insulation using an electron-beam under vacuum. The charges are hence deposited at a known position and in a controlled quantity. Other physical processes related to the implantation of electrons must then be taken into account in order to predict and model the behavior of these irradiated materials. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, prepared by thermal molding, were irradiated by a 80 keV electron-beam with a current flux of 1 nA/cm2. Space charge measurements using the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, performed first in-situ and then ex-situ under DC electrical polarization, confirm an effective localization of charges within the material. The results under electrical polarization after irradiation show an important amount of positive charges in the irradiated zone of the dielectric. The electrical characterizations of irradiated LDPE films show a completely different behavior compared to the same non-irradiated material, suggesting a modification of the chemical structure of the material. Physico-chemical measurements (infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC) on these irradiated PEbd films do not show a significant degradation of the chemical structure of the dielectric which would explain the observed electrical behavior under post-irradiation polarization. Additional measurements show the reversible behavior of the irradiated then polarized PEbd, which would be only related to the presence of the charges generated by the beam. The experimental data of this study have simultaneously fed a numerical model of charge transport, developed to take into account the irradiation constraints. This model allows reproducing the in-situ results of charge implantation by the electron beam as well as the majority of the electrical processes observed on irradiated and polarized LDPE. It confirms the impact of the electron-beam deposited charge on the behavior under polarization and allows concluding on the origin of the positive charges observed after irradiation, which would be due to injection at the electrodes as well as to the creation of electron-hole pairs by the electron-beam during irradiation
Maclossi, Mauro. "Transport dans la matière sous dense et sur dense d'un faisceau d'électrons relativistes, produit par l'interaction d'une impulsion laser à ultra haute intensité." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0063.
Alvinerie, Clara-Marie. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la dynamique des faisceaux d'electrons dans les accélérateurs linéaires à induction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC291.
Flash radiography allows characterizing the state of a dense object subjected to extreme physical conditions, with displacement velocities of several kilometres per second. These conditions require a specific X-ray source: small size (a few millimetres), brief duration (less than 100 ns), high energy (around 20 MeV) and high current (a few kA). This source is produced using Bremsstrahlung radiation generated by the interaction of an intense and pulsed electron beam with a high atomic number metal target. A velvet cathode emits the beam and an linear induction accelerator (LIA) transports it. The quality of radiography is mainly conditioned by the physical characteristics of the X-ray source, which are closely linked to the properties of the electron beam. The work carried out in this PhD thesis aims to model the beam dynamics in LIAs by integrating its physical characteristics, including some instabilities which degrade the beam. The developed models were validated during the commissioning of the MCH3 accelerator at CEA Valduc in Epure facility.The modelling of beam dynamics is based on the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code LSP-Slice and the transport code EVOLI (EVOLution of Instabilities). The latter was developed during this thesis and models the size of the beam envelope and its charge centroid, as well as the "temporal" propagation of the beam by its segmentation into discs.In the first place, studies were conducted on the motion of the beam centroid during its transport. In EVOLI, the equations describe the centroid with the influence of space charge. A numerical optimization procedure allowed the simulation to reproduce the results obtained in MCH3 by incorporating the influence of the Earth's magnetic field and the misalignment of various magnetic elements (solenoids and steerers). The application of this new method to other beam transports makes possible to calculate steerer settings for numerical pre-centering of the beam. This method offers the prospect of significant time savings during the experimental beam centering process, which typically requires numerous shots.Afterward the beam modelling contributed to the commissioning of MCH3 accelerator at the end of 2022. With an initial transport attempt, the entire beam charge did not reach the conversion target, despite numerical simulations predicting nominal transport based on the envelope formalism. Experimental measurements revealed significant centroid oscillations due to the Beam Break-Up (BBU) instability. Then, a simplified BBU model was incorporated into EVOLI. By using this numerical model, a new high magnetic field transport was designed, theoretically limiting BBU intensity at the accelerator end by a factor 2.5. This result was experimentally verified by a BBU reduction by a factor 3, enabling a stable and reproducible transport of the entire beam charge to the target. However, this strong magnetic field transport strategy leads to an increase of the Corkscrew motion, which increases with magnetic field strength as shown in the work initiated in this thesis. Therefore, optimizing beam transport is a compromise between the various instabilities within the accelerator. The work of this thesis opens up prospects for considering instabilities to design innovative transports, particularly in the context of multi-pulse machines, which are currently a major development in flash radiography machines
Vay, Jean-Luc. "Transport de faisceau intense d'ions lourds dans un gaz moleculaire. Application a la fusion inertielle par particules chargees." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077334.
Beaucourt-Jacquet, Céline. "Étude expérimentale du guidage du faisceau d’électrons dans le cadre de l’allumage rapide de cibles de fusion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14741/document.
The work presented in this thesis is realised in the framework of the fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion for energy production. In this scheme the compression and the ignition phases are decoupled. During the second phase, the electron beam must cross over 300 µm in the dense fuel to deposit its energy in the dense core and ignite the fusion reactions.The major problem of the scheme is related to the divergence of the electron beam while it crosses the dense matter. Among the different propositions to inhibit the electron divergence we consider here the schemes without cone that are based on the effect of magnetic collimation. In particular, A.P.L. Robinson and his co-authors [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 025002, 2008] suggested a simple way to control the electron beam divergence by using a sequence of two laser pulses. The first one creates a magnetic background favourable for the confinement of the second electron beam resulting from the second interaction. The validation of this scheme is the major goal of this thesis.We present the results of experimental sudies and numerical modeling of the electron beam guiding with help of two consequent laser pulses. The experiment was performed on the Vulcan facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory at Didcot in UK, based on the proposal submitted by an international group of scientists in the framework of the European project for inertial fusion energy HiPER. This experiment allowed us to define a combination of laser and target parameters where the electron beam guiding takes place. The analysis of experimental data and numerical modelling is realised with the hydrodynamic code CHIC coupled to the charged particules transport module M1. The interpretation of the experimental results allowed us to explain the experimental data and the physical basis of guiding and to define the magnetic conditionflavourable to the electron beam guidance
Gaucher, Fabien. "Nano-structures en La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 : de la nano-structuration aux propriétés de transport." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112271.
The works reported in this manuscript present the fabrication and the investigation of the transport properties of half-metallic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) nano-structures. The optimization of the nano-sructuration process, particularly the electron-beam lithography and the etching steps, allowed the realization of nanowires with width down to 65 nm wide and length of several microns. The fine analysis of the transport properties shows their preservation until a thickness reduced to about 7 nm. The current conduction is then limited by different diffusion modes, depending on the temperature range. First noise measurements exhibit a very low normalized Hooge parameter ( ≈ 1. 10-32 m3). The observation of random telegraphic noise for the narrowest and thinnest nanowire in a narrow temperature range (220 K < T < 245 K) is the signature of a consequent reduction of the charge carriers at this scale. We can then imagine to use the LSMO as a full spin-polarized electrode for molecular magnets addressing. In this way, direct grafting of Mn12 magnetic molecules was prooved and opens interesting perspectives for the realization of a molecular spin valve
Debayle, Arnaud. "Theoretical study of Ultra High Intensity laser-produced high-current relativistic electron beam transport through solid targets." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13708/document.
This PhD thesis is a theoretical study of high-current relativistic electron beam transport through solid targets. In the ?rst part, we present an interpretation of a part of experimental results of laser– produced electron beam transport in aluminium foil targets. We have estimated the fast electron beam characteristics and we demonstrated that the collective e?ects dominate the transport in the ?rst tens of µm of propagation. These quantitative estimates were done with the transport models already existing at the beginning of this thesis. These models are no longer su?cient in the case a fast electron beam propagation in insulator targets. Thus, in the second part, we have developed a propagation model of the beam that includes the e?ects of electric ?eld ionization and the collisional ionization by the plasma electrons. We present estimates of the electron energy loss induced by the target ionization, and we discuss its dependence on the beam and target parameters. In the case of a relatively low fast electron density, we demonstrated that the beam creates a plasma where the electons are not in a local thermodynamic equilibrium with ions. We have examined the beam stability and we demonstrated that transverse instabilities can be excited by the relativistic electron beam over the propagation distances of 30 - 300 µm depending on the perturbation wavelength
Abrasonis, Gintautas. "Nitruration par faisceau d'ions des aciers austénitiques inoxydables : étude du transport atomique d'azote, des effets de flux et des effets structuraux." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2291.
Savalle, Alain. "Etude et optimisation du transport de faisceaux dans un accélérateur linéaire à recirculations, et de grande longueur : application au projet ELFE (Electron Laboratory for EUrope)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10129.
Pommarel, Loann. "Transport and control of a laser-accelerated proton beam for application to radiobiology." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX001/document.
Particle acceleration by laser-plasma interaction is a promising alternative to conventional accelerators that could make future devices dedicated to protontherapy more compact. Extreme electric fields in the order of TV/m are created when an ultra-intense laser pulse is focused on a thin solid target with a thickness of a few micrometers, which generates a beam of highly energetic particles. The latter includes protons with energies up to about ten megaelectron-volts and characterised by a wide angular divergence and a broad energy spectrum.The goal of this thesis is to fully characterise a laser-based accelerator in order to produce a stable proton beam meeting the energy, charge and surface homogeneity requirements for radiobiological experiments. The design, realisation and implementation of a magnetic system made of permanent magnet quadrupoles were optimised beforehand through numerical simulations. It enables to obtain a beam with a shaped energy spectrum and with a uniform profile over a surface with a size adapted to the biological samples.Deferred and online dosimetry was setup to monitor the delivered output dose. For that purpose, a transmission ionisation chamber, previously calibrated absolutely on a medical proton accelerator, was used. Monte Carlo simulations enabled to compute the dose deposited into the samples. This compact system allows now to define a rigorous experimental protocol for in vitro radiobiological experiments. First experiments of cancer cell irradiation have been carried out, paving the way for the exploration of the effects of pulsed ionizing radiations at extremely high dose rates on living cells
Ibnouzahir, Mohamed. "Simulation du transport d'un faisceau d'ions lourds relativistes dans la matière ; contribution du processus de fragmentation et implication sur le plan biologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21689.
Hijazi, Firas. "Etude des propriétés physiques et de transport dans des films d'ITO et de ZnO (dopé ou non) pour dispositifs optoélectroniques organiques." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1eddb9a4-318f-41de-a2db-a5e831eb0230/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4080.pdf.
We present structural, morphological, optical, electrical, thermo-electrical and transport properties of thin layers of transparent conducting oxides (ITO and ZnO doped or undoped) obtained by Ion Beam Sputtering and Spray Pyrolysis techniques. We underlined original physical properties as a function of temperature, such as a transition from a metallic to a semi-conductor state in the case of ITO and a transition from a semi-conductor to a metallic state in the case of ZnO (doped or undoped). These phenomena have been explained by oxygen adsorption and desorption. ZnO thin films have been doped using different precursors (n-type and p-type) by the Spray Pyrolysis technique, which has been chosen because it is cheap and easy to implement. The n-type doping of ZnO by this technique is well controlled, however the p-type doping is still to be discussed due to auto-compensation effects by intrinsic and extrinsic defects. Finally, we present a comparative study of several methods used to determine the pentacene mobility. We show that the use of dielectric impedance spectroscopy is relevant to extract the mobility as it is one of the easiest method to implement
Perrin, Charlotte. "Apport de la technique électro-acoustique pulsée à la mesure et à l'analyse du transport de charge dans les diélectriques sous faisceau d'électrons." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0021.
Doyen, Olivier. "Modélisation et caractérisation du faisceau d'électrons dans les canons de tubes cathodiques de téléviseurs." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10046.
The demands in terms of accuracy of the latest wide screen TV sets are not fulfilled by the classical simulation codes, which are time consuming, heavy, and for which the content is not perfectly known. In order to use some simple and fast tools, and to improve the physical knowledge, the modelling of the electron beam in the guns was adopted, as well as the set up of an emittance measurement method. First, we present the creation of a current generation model, which is analytical for 2D guns, and then generalised semi analytically to 3D guns. The tool obtained is simple (few parameters are involved), fast, and very accurate, according to the comparisons made with the experiment. Then, in an experimental part, we describe the set up of an emittance measurement method in a plane of the gun, which is based on the 3 gradients method used in the particle accelerators field. Various tests showed that it was accurate, repeatable, and discriminative for the different type of guns. At last, we explain the analytical modelling of the beam creation, first in 2D, then generalised to the 3D case. The tool created is accurate, simple, and fast. We managed as well to transport the native beam obtained through the gun up to the screen in order to compare it with the experimental values
Doyen, Olivier. "Modélisation et caractérisation du faisceau d'électrons dans les canons de tubes cathodiques de téléviseurs." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00147266.
Premièrement, nous présentons la création d'un modèle de génération de courant, analytique dans le cas de canons 2D, puis généralisé aux canons 3D de façon semi analytique. L'outil obtenu est simple (peu de paramètres physiques interviennent), rapide, et très précis, aux vues des comparaisons avec la mesure.
Puis, dans une deuxième partie plus expérimentale, nous décrivons la mise en place d'une méthode de mesure d'émittance du faisceau dans un plan des canons à électrons, qui est inspirée de la méthode des 3 gradients utilisée dans le domaine des accélérateurs de particules. De nombreux tests ont montré qu'elle était précise, robuste, et discriminante pour les différents canons.
Enfin, nous expliquons la modélisation analytique de la création du faisceau, tout d'abord en 2D, puis en généralisant au cas 3D. L'outil créé est précis, simple, et rapide. Nous avons également transporté le faisceau natif obtenu dans le canon jusqu'à l'écran pour le comparer à l'expérience.
Nibart, Vincent. "Projet PIAFE : transport d'ions exotiques de basse énergie sur longue distance." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10019.
PEYMAYECHE, LALEH. "Modelisation du transport electronique dans les composants hyperfrequences submicroniques. Application a l'analyse des resultats de mesures de courants induits par faisceau electronique dans les diodes hyperfrequences." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112354.
Forestier-Colleoni, Pierre. "Etude expérimentale des champs magnétiques en surface d'une cible irradiée par laser et leurs implications sur le faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0036/document.
This thesis concerns magnetic fields, generated by the interaction between strong laser pulse (intensity up to1018 W/cm2) and solid target, and their effects on the fast electron beam. Indeed, the various magnetic fields created during this interaction can inuence the divergence of the fast electron beam. The magnetic field createdduring this interaction have a fundamental role on the fast electron beam characteristics : its source and its transportin the material. Diagnotics of polarimetry and crossed interferometry were developed during this thesis to observethe on-surface magnetic field of the target, and in particular, their spatial and temporal evolutions. Two types oftemporal evolution of the magnetic field were observed according to the contrast in intensity of the laser pulse : afast rise of magnetic field followed by a slower decrease created by the travel of the fast electrons in the material,and a slower growth of logarithmic form created by the pre-pulse of the laser by thermoelectric effect. The interpretation of our results obtained by these diagnotics allowed us to estimate the resistivity of the plasma.This resistivity named "anomalously high resistivity" in the literature can be explained by taking into account theinuence of the magnetic field on the electrons transport (creation of an anisotropy) and thus on the resitivity.The last diagnotic allowing the estimation of the magnetic field detailed in this thesis is the proton deectometry. itallows to observe the deviation of a proton beam during its propagation under the inuence of electric and magneticfields. Other experiments were focused on the fast electron beam divergence. Two main diagnotics were used : the K α imaging and the coherent transition radiation (C.T.R) imaging at the rear side of solid targets. These diagnoticsallowed to estimate the fast electron beam divergence for two distinct energetic electron populations. The differenceof divergence coming from characteristics of both diagnotics (electrons in charge of the emissions in different energies). The diagnotics of on-surface magnetic fields of target irradiated by intense laser, such as the technics of polarimetry and crossed interferometry developed in this thesis, are dedicated to be combined with diagnotics determining the evolution of the radial size of the fast electron beam generated by the laser-matter interaction. Their simultaneous use, and the correlation between their respective data, should allow to establish experimentally, in the short term, the inuence of the on-surface magnetic fields on the fast electron beam initial characteristics, in particular the angular and energy distributions. Our results of polarimetry on the spatio-temporal evolution of the magnetic fields of surface establish the state of the art for this type of measures. There are possible improvements, in particular as regards their use in conditions of irradiation by lasers of intensities > 1018 W/cm2. These perspectives are also the object of discussions in this manuscript
Galloo, Jean-Sébastien Cappy Alain Roelens Yannick. "Composants nanométriques balistiques de type GaInAs / AlInAs / InP pour applications terahertz." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/535.
N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3754. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Morel, Pascal. "Etude des sections efficaces differentielles de production de fragments, a petit angle, dans les collisions d'ions lourds relativistes. Application a un calcul de transport de faisceau d'ions lourds dans la matiere." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21381.
Quiles, Anita. "Construction d'une chronologie absolue pour la 18eme dynastie de l'Egypte ancienne par la méthode du carbone 14 en Spectrométrie de Masse par Accélérateur : modélisation bayesienne et simulations de transport de faisceau." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077080.
Radiocarbon dating is a well-tried method and a fundamental tool for archaeology. In the first part of this Project, we were interested in the instrumental aspect of measurements done on the ARTEMIS facility at the LMC14 laboratory. At first, we detailed how this facility operates. Then, we used complementary tools to simulate the transport of the beam through the different elements. Using the Transport tool, we obtained the optical spectrum of the beam, ensuring that there was no loss of beam, and identified the most sensitive points of the facility. Then, we used the GEANT4 tool-kit to simulate the interactions of the incident ions in different media. From these simulations we were able to establish the tolerances of the settings on electric and magnetic fields as well as the acceptance of the beam. Finally, the detector was optimized so as to subtract molecular ions C13H and C12H2 from the measurement of 14C ions. Next we showed that Bayesian statistics were a method that was relevant to the improvement of the precision of the results. We particularly focused our experiments on objects from the 18ft dynasty in Egypt. Objects conserved in the Dept. Of Egyptian Antiquities at the Louvre Museum and archaeologically attributed to a specific reign, were dated by radiocarbon analysis. The ages we obtained were constrained by archaeological and astrophysical evidence. We deduced a realistic range of dates for the beginning of each reign of the 18* dynasty. Finally, this new absolute chronology was tested on a specific study of objects coming from Gebel el-Zeit
Wang, Ke. "Design study of a Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerator with an externally injected 10-MeV electron beam coming from a photoinjector." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS179/document.
The acceleration of an externally injected 10MeV electron bunch coming from a RF photoinjector in a high gradient electric field excited in a plasma by a high power laser is studied. In this thesis, the configuration of such an experiment is studied and start to end simulations are presented. As an ultrashort electron bunch (several femtoseconds) is required to maintain a low energy spread beam in the plasma, the 10MeV electron bunch coming from the photoinjector is compressed in two stages. The first stage is realized using a dogleg chicane which compresses the electron bunch to 69fs, the second stage is realized with velocity bunching in the plasma that further compresses the electron bunch to 3fs before efficient acceleration. The electron bunch is transversely focused with a solenoid before being injected into the plasma. A long cell is used to create a plasma starting several Rayleigh lengths before the laser focal plane, allowing the velocity bunching in the first part of the plasma and relaxing constraints on the transverse bunch size. The cell extends several Rayleigh lengths after the laser focal plane to suppress the angular divergence of the electron bunch. We demonstrate that the electron bunch at the exit of the plasma has an energy of more than one hundred MeV, with an emittance smaller than 1 µm, a charge greater than 7pC and a FWHM energy spread smaller than 1.5%. To extend the acceleration section, the guiding of the laser beam with a hollow dielectric capillary is studied, the results show that even in the best matching conditions, the usual laser Gaussian transverse profile is not optimum, mainly because of the diffraction of the laser on the edges at the entrance of the capillary, a flattened Gaussian laser profile is then suggested to suppress this diffraction and the electrons can be accelerated over more than ten Rayleigh lengths
Sassine, Gilbert. "Etude du transport et du bruit dans les couches 2D de nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20182/document.
In this thesis we have focused on the fabrication, the characterization, and the modeling of 2D films based on carbon nanotubes.In the first chapter, we have presented general informations on carbon nanotubes. Then we are interested in the nanotube-nanotube junctions and particularly the modeling of transport in different types of junction (M/M), (M/SC) and (SC/SC).In the second chapter we have presented a study of 2D films based on carbon nanotubes. At first we present the electrical transport in these structures strongly inhomogeneous, especially in describing the analytical models accounting for the percolation phenomenon both in the conductance and 1/f noise. The second part of the chapter is devoted entirely to the manufacture and physico-chemical characterization of 2D films.The main objective of the third chapter is the modeling of 2D films of carbon nanotubes. Compared to other models described in the literature, the model developed in this section is the only one that take into account the physical nature of each tube-tube junction (M/M) or (M/SC) or (SC/SC). Our model takes into account the junction nonlinearity. The numerical solution of the system is optimized: i) using the MNA technique whose principle is to linearize each dipole in the circuit. ii) parallelizing computations on a computer cluster of a hundred core. For the noise simulation, the same technique is used but in this case, we have used the adjoint network method. In the fourth chapter, we have, at first, presented and analyzed our experimental results for conductance and 1/f noise. Whatever the deposition conditions we always observed a percolation-like behavior of our results. We used the fitting parameters of the percolation laws to compare and analyze our results. It appears that the impact of the surfactant on the homogeneity of the solution is found in the electrical measurement results of deposited films. As for the influence of the density of the tubes, as expected, the conductance increases with the increase of nanotubes density. We noticed that the 1/f noise was much more sensitive to this parameter, with in particular a significant change in the noise percolation parameters revealed at high density of nanotubes. The second part of this chapter is dedicated to the simulation of the electrical parameters of our experimental structures. These parameters are adjusted on the basis of experimental results and are based on the nature of the surfactant. The results of these simulations for the conductance and 1/f noise agree with measurements and in all cases the macroscopic percolation laws are respected, which validate our models. To bring to the fore the deviation from the noise percolation law observed in films deposited from solution with a high density of surfactant, we have introduced in our simulated structures a number of clusters of nanotubes according to the density of the deposited layers. Once again we observed a good agreement with the experimental results allowing us to validate the presence of clusters of nanotubes in our deposited films
Galloo, Jean-Sébastien. "Composants nanométriques balistiques de type GaInAs / AlInAs / InP pour applications terahertz." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Galloo.pdf.
Holyk, Christophe. "Analyse électrothermique des faisceaux de câbles de puissance : une contribution à l’optimisation des systèmes de distribution d’énergie dans les véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0033.
In the context of growing ecological concerns, the development of road transport vehicles moves itself toward the development of less polluting vehicles with electric drives such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and full Electric Vehicles (EVs). With rising power requirements and reducing available space, thermal management is becoming an increasingly important concern during development of on-board vehicle components such as electric motor(s)/generator(s), power inverter(s), battery pack(s) and cable harnesses. Among them, the cable harness which is typically composed of electrical cables, connectors and power distribution boxes can only be designed properly after a detailed thermal, electrical, chemical and mechanical analysis.This thesis is written to contribute to the optimization of the electro-thermal design of cable harnesses through simulations and reduce the amount of experimental testing needed during their development. Theoretical models for the prediction of the electrical and thermal behavior of electric cables and cable harnesses are reviewed and adapted for automotive requirements. Validation is accomplished by comparing simulation results with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and measurement data. A major part of this thesis addresses the thermal simulation of electrical cables of infinite length installed in air, taking into account the temperature dependencies of conductor resistances and non-linearity of the total heat transfer coefficient at the cable surface. The influence of shielding currents and arbitrary current loads in the conductors on the temperature rises within electric cables is also considered using thermal ladder networks and illustrated by practical examples. Because shielding currents in vehicles are not only caused by induced currents but also by functional electrical currents generated by low-voltage power sources, new theoretical studies and experimental observations for the estimation of these currents as a function of the vehicle electrical architecture and circuit characteristics are presented. A primary finding reveals that keeping the resistance of grounding connections low compared to that of the shielding connections is an appropriate but expensive means for limiting the transfer of functional currents in the shielding circuits. Finally, a complete and modular model for the prediction of transient temperatures along the length of cable harness sections is developed and validated based on the outcomes of all previous findings
Bégué, Marie-Line. "Contribution à la simulation numérique des instabilités paramétriques électroniques dans l'interaction laser-plasma à haut-flux." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10278.
Vallaeys, Karen. "Exploitation des données endodontiques en tomographie volumique : de la microtomographie in vitro à la scanographie in vivo." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0144/document.
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) is a highly relevant three-dimensional imaging technology for use in dentistry. Our work aims to show its interests and specific applications in endodontics. After having redefined the possible deleterious per and post-operative consequences of endodontic treatments and explained the principles of CBCT, we first explore the effects of in vitro canal preparation, using high resolution microtomography and then, in a second time, the problematic and the interests of the creation of reliable and precise three-dimensional reconstructions. This last part deals with the notions of CBCT image processing before explaining the approach adopted to develop a three-dimensional classification of endodontic periapical lesions in digital and physical form
Cavalier, Jordan. "Modèles cinétiques et caractérisation expérimentale des fluctuations électrostatiques dans un propulseur à effet Hall." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0130/document.
The study of turbulent phenomena that grow at the exit plane of the Hall thruster is required to modelize the anomalous transport (in contrast to the diffusion transport) of electrons across the magnetic field lines. The dispersion relations of two instabilities that can be responsible for this transport have been mesured at millimetric scales by mean of the collective light scattering diagnostic. The aim of the thesis is to describe them theoretically as well as experimentally, improving the understanding of the Hall thruster transport. In the thesis, an instability that propagates principally azimuthally is caracterized as the ExB electron drift instability and an analytical model that describes the experimental frequency is derived and validated. In addition, the manuscript presents an original method to unfold the signal of the collective scattering diagnostic from the instrumental function of this mode. Once corrected, the experimental dispersion relations can be adjusted by the frequency given by the analytical model, allowing to measure experimentally and in an original way the electron temperature and density in the energetic ion jet of the Hall thruster plasma. The second instability that is mainly propagating in the axial direction is caracterized as the two-stream instability between the simply and doubly charged ions of the plasma
Nunez, Eroles Marc. "Nanogravure et caractérisation structurale et électronique de rubans de graphène cristallins." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30201/document.
The main objectives of this thesis are the fabrication and high-resolution structural characterisation of graphene nanoribbons with atomically smooth edges as well as their device integration and electronic transport study. In first place, we show that crystalline graphene nanoribbons with width under 100 nm and structural properties better than the state of the art can be patterned by a focused electron beam in presence of oxygen. The structural characteristics of the ribbons are also better than the old process using water vapour. Secondly, nanoribbons structure is characterized down to the atomic scale by spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. We show that the nanoribbons crystallinity, of the centre as well as along the cut edges, is preserved. The performance of our process reaches the state of the art and its reproducibility allows to produce ribbons with length of hundreds of nanometer but as narrow as 16 nm. After that, we have transposed the suspended nanoribbon etching to a partially suspended configuration on a SiO2/Si substrate allowing the integration in devices suitable for electronic transport measurements at low temperature and under magnetic field. The electronic transport in contacted ribbons of 60x300 nm shows a gap and oscillations on backgate scanning measurements that are in agreement with a Coulomb blockade mechanism with dot sizes in the range of the ribbon surface. Even though those results show the persistence of tunnel barriers, the edges quality look good enough to avoid additional confinement. Other than mesoscopic devices, our ribbon fabrication process by electronic beam under oxygen atmosphere opens perspectives in two emergent fields. The process is ultra high vacuum compatible and perfectly adapted to the development of an atomic graphene based technology. A characterisation of contaminants of graphene samples as well as electrical characterisation of graphene devices has been performed in a multiprobe scanning tunnelling microscope in ultra high vacuum. Finally, our graphene nanoribbons have the right dimensions and structural qualities required for the observation of plasmonic behaviour of graphene in visible light and so interact with metallic plasmonic structures. This coupling has been analysed by studying the Raman signal of graphene at the close environment of gold colloids
Bouhnaida, Zaïnaba. "Étude comparative de trois systèmes de préparation canalaire en endodontie : Étude in vitro en micro-CT." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMO201/document.
The aim of this study is to compare the respect of the root canal morphology after instrumentation with different shaping systems (One Shape NEW Generation®, Wave One® and Revo-S®), by using Micro-Computed Tomography.We used a fully three-dimensional (3D) methodological process which involved the reconstruction, registration and segmentation. By this methodological process, images have been acquired and processed in order to extract registered canals images before and after the instrumentation. The segmentation artifacts like calcifications and debris have been taken into account. A method to estimate the non-instrumented zones is also described.The canal transportation was calculated for each slice of each root-third by comparing the position of the centroids before and after instrumentation. No significant difference was found between the three instrumentation systems when canal transport means were done.This 4-part methodological approach has enabled the validation of a reproducible 3D imaging protocol. This can be applied in vitro in endodontic research for analysis of the instrumental effects
Nogaret, Alain. "Etude comparée du transport par effet tunnel résonnant dans les hétérostructures semiconductrices de type I et II en présence de pression hydrostatique et de fort champ magnétique." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0037.
Haefele, Matthieu. "Simulation adaptative et visualisation haute performance de plasmas et de faisceaux de particules." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13227.
Gardès, Cyrille. "Composants nanométriques balistiques de la filière InGaAs/InAlAs/InP pour applications hautes fréquences." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10003/document.
The increase of speed in conventional electronic devices, such as in HEMT, with down-scale rules, is reaching limitations. That is why it is interesting to develop devices with a new design such as ballistic devices which have dimensions around the electron me an free path at room temperature. The aim of this study is the technological optimisation and the electrical characterisation of InGaAs/lnAIAs pseudomorphic InP-based ballistic devices. Nonlinear properties of three-terminal ballistic junctions (TBJ) fabricated using an optimised heterostructure have been studied in DC mode. TBJ, which are operating as rectifiers and frequency multipliers, have been characterised in high frequency. A rectifying sensitivity of O.022mV/µW at 94GHz, without a DC bias, has been obtained on devices with two junctions integrated in parallel. Frequency doubling in the nonlinear domain has been shown with an applied sinusoidal signal of 4GHz. voltage measured in the output branch corresponding essentially to the second harmonie at 8GHz. Finally, TBJ with a Schottky gate have been tàbricated and their property of current inversion has been characterised up to 400kHz. Their transistor behaviour has been measured in microwaves. A current gain eut-off frequency fT of 30GHz has been obtained for a device with a branch width under the gate of 200nm
Paour, Nicolas. "Etude de la diffusion intervenant dans la résolution en profondeur en analyse SIMS : application à l'AlGaAs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10029.
Bilheux, Jean-Christophe. "Design studies of high-power fast diffusion-release targets and fast vapor-transport systems for radioactive ion beam." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0009.
Djebbar, Nadia. "Superréseaux de dopage NINI : faisabilité par épitaxie sous vide du silicium : propriétés de transport attendues." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112298.
Lampin, Jean-François. "Application des contraintes biaxiales à l'amélioration du transport vertical des trous dans les hétérostructures." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10147.
Les principaux inconvénients de ce système sont une hauteur de barrière faible et une bande de valence qui tend a s'enterrer sous l'effet de la contrainte. Nous adoptons donc un autre système de matériaux : alas / gaasp. Ce dernier, peu utilise, présente de nombreux avantages : pas d'effet d'enterrement, et une hauteur de barrière plus favorable. Nous obtenons des écarts trous lourds - trous légers conséquents (jusqu'a 100 mev). En comparant une structure tunnel contrainte et une structure non contrainte de référence, nous mesurons une amélioration significative de la densité de courant au pic et du rapport courant pic / courant vallée. En perfectionnant ce type de structure, nous observons, pour la première fois pour une diode a effet tunnel résonnant de type p, une résistance différentielle négative a température ambiante. Enfin, nous discutons des applications éventuelles de ce type de composant
Baz, Assaad. "Modélisation et réalisation de fibres à bandes interdites photoniques pour la génération et le transport des faisceaux laser puissants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10100/document.
These works concern the design and realization of micro-structured optical fibers, in particular, large mode area, active and passive, photonic bandgap fibers for high power laser beams generation and delivery. The first part of the work focused on the study of a new geometry of micro-structured fiber - so called "pixilated Bragg fiber" - in order to obtain a large, practically singlemode, core. For that geometry, the fiber is made singlemoded by optimizing the distances between the high index rings (Half wave stack condition). A first realization allowed to report a mode field diameter of 26μm measured at 1400nm wavelength in a passive fiber. The second aspect of this work included theoretical and experimental studies, of photonic bandgap fibers having a hetero-structured cladding. Specially designed resonators are added to the cladding of these fibers in order to eliminate higher order modes. Thus, 19μm to 65μm mode field diameters have been obtained in a singlemode regime at 1050nm wavelength for several passive fibers used in different bandgaps. An active fiber with hetero-structured cladding was also presented: the core was made of pure silica, ytterbium doped, synthesized using the Sol-Gel technique. The realized fiber allowed the observation of a laser emission with an efficiency of 62.5% and a mode field diameter of 36μm
Baz, Assaad. "Modélisation et réalisation de fibres à bandes interdites photoniques pour la génération et le transport des faisceaux laser puissants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10100.
These works concern the design and realization of micro-structured optical fibers, in particular, large mode area, active and passive, photonic bandgap fibers for high power laser beams generation and delivery. The first part of the work focused on the study of a new geometry of micro-structured fiber - so called "pixilated Bragg fiber" - in order to obtain a large, practically singlemode, core. For that geometry, the fiber is made singlemoded by optimizing the distances between the high index rings (Half wave stack condition). A first realization allowed to report a mode field diameter of 26μm measured at 1400nm wavelength in a passive fiber. The second aspect of this work included theoretical and experimental studies, of photonic bandgap fibers having a hetero-structured cladding. Specially designed resonators are added to the cladding of these fibers in order to eliminate higher order modes. Thus, 19μm to 65μm mode field diameters have been obtained in a singlemode regime at 1050nm wavelength for several passive fibers used in different bandgaps. An active fiber with hetero-structured cladding was also presented: the core was made of pure silica, ytterbium doped, synthesized using the Sol-Gel technique. The realized fiber allowed the observation of a laser emission with an efficiency of 62.5% and a mode field diameter of 36μm
Faure-Vincent, Jérôme. "Transport tunnel polarisé en spin dans le système épitaxié Fe/MgO/Fe : interactions magnétiques et symétries électroniques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_FAURE_VINCENT_J.pdf.
Monocrystalline Fe(1 00)/MgO(1 00)/Fe(1 00) magnetic tunnel junctions (MT J), elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy constitute ideal systems for validation of specific concepts related to the spin polarized transport in crystalline multilayers. The analysis of the band structure shows that the Fe(100) behaves as a half-metal with respect to the 01 electronic symmetry; this new concept of spin polarization/filtering in terms of symmetry being at the origin of huge magnetoresistive effects theoretically predicted in these systems. Our magnetotransport results validate the effects of electronic symmetry filtering. Moreover, they illustrate the influence of the electronic structure on tunnel transport, whose complex mechanisms go weil beyond the free- electron framework. The precise control of the bidimensional epitaxial growth of MgO allowed us the elaboration of extremely thin insulating barriers for which we provide a first experimental proof of magnetic coupling by spin polarized tunneling
Sicot, Muriel. "Des interfaces réelles métal/MgO(001) au transport dans les jonctions tunnel épitaxiées." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10138.
The quality of ferromagnetic metal/oxide interfaces and its influence on spin dependent tunneling processes are studied in this thesis. The work was dedicated to ultrathin bilayers NiMnSb/MgO(001), Fe/ MgO(001), Co/ MgO(001) and Mn/ MgO(001) elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The originality of this work lies on the study of the electronic properties of the magnetic material in contact with the oxide (interfacial hybridization, polarization, and magnetism, using regular characterization means as well as synchrotron radiation sources). Fe/MgO and Co/MgO are shown to be model interfaces from the growth and the chemical point of view. On the contrary, Mn is oxidized when it is in contact with MgO. In addition, tunnel magnetoresistance are probed in totally magnetic tunnel junctions Fe/MgO/Fe(001). Transport measurements evidence spin filtering effects due to the MgO barrier depending on the symmetry of the Bloch waves. Moreover, we show that the structural quality of the bottom Fe/MgO interface and of the Fe electrode have non negligeable influence on these spin dependent mechanisms
Mawawa, Gabriel. "Étude du transport des charges dans le silicium amorphe hydrogéné à l'aide d'une technique de photoconductivité modulée à deux faisceaux." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112303.
Mawawa, Gabriel. "Etude du transport des charges dans le silicium amorphe hydrogène à l'aide d'une technique de photoconductivité modulée à deux faisceaux." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616110m.
Annaluru, Arun Tejaswee. "Beam optics transport and fundamental processes involving a charge breeder in the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC218.
The thesis describes with a great deal of details the efforts done to understand the physical processes inside the SPIRAL1 ECR charge breeder. This device accepts the mono-charged ion beams of different masses and charge bred them to higher charge states. In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade, the R&D of charge breeding technique is of primary interest for optimizing the yields of radioactive ion beams (RIBs). In this context, the thesis begins with a theoretical discussion dealing with the different Target Ion Sources (TIS) at upgraded SPIRAL1 facility, Low Energy Beam Transport system and fundamentals of plasma physics relevant for the production of highly charged ions in ECR ion source plasmas. This is followed by description of the technological issues affecting the 1+/N+ charge breeding technique. In the final chapter, the effect of axial magnetic field gradient, position of deceleration tube and 1+ beam emittance were studied to understand their influence on the performance of the SP1 CB (charge breeding efficiency). The optimization of axial magnetic field gradient shows that the charge breeding efficiency is strongly influenced by the variation of the two soft iron rings positions around the permanent magnet hexapole. It has been deduced from the observations that the charge breeding efficiency improves when the emittance of 1+ beam is smaller and the position of deceleration tube is close to the entrance of SP1 CB. At the same time, the charge breeding times of K charge states (1+,2+,4+ and 9+) were estimated by pulsing the injected K^1+ beam. The results from these investigations revealed the optimum SP1 CB tuning parameters that can minimize the value of charge breeding time and maximize the charge breeding efficiency of the high charge states of K.In order to investigate the 1+ ion beam transport (shooting through mode) through the SP1 ECR charge breeder and the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in charge breeding process, several experiments were carried out in the framework of this thesis (the interaction of 1+ ion beam of different masses (Na^+ and K^+) in different background plasma species (He and O_2)). The data from these experiments (potentials, emittance of 1+ beam, deceleration tube position, magnetic field and pressures) were collected and given as inputs to the numerical simulation tools (SIMION, TraceWin and MCBC). The simulations were performed in three steps: i) simulation of the 1+ beam transmission through the breeder to verify the ion losses and showed good agreement with the experimental results. ii) simulation of 1+ beam transmission through a potential map that reflects the presence of the ECR plasma (without collisions) and reproduced the DeltaV curves of 1+ and 2+. It also revealed the role of Coulomb collisions in the charge breeding process leading to a necessary detailed analysis using Monte-Carlo Charge Breeding code (MCBC). iii) MCBC models Coulomb collisions of the injected 1+ ion beam in an ECR plasma and atomic processes which includes ionization and charge exchange. The code finally able to reproduce the low charge state (1+ and 2+) experimental trends by varying each plasma parameter (plasma density, ion temperature and electron temperature) independently. A novel simulation strategy has been developed to estimate the plasma parameters from charge breeding simulations. Finally, Simulations demonstrated that the ion temperature, the plasma density and 1+ ion beam quality as critical parameters influencing the 1+ ion capture and the reasons for the difference in charge breeding efficiencies between Na (in Helium plasma) and K (in Helium and Oxygen plasma) species were discussed
Caron, Jérôme. "Etude et validation clinique d'un modèle aux moments entropique pour le transport de particules énergétiques : application aux faisceaux d'électrons pour la radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0452/document.
In radiotherapy field, dose deposition simulations in patients are performed on Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) equipped with specific algorithms that differ in the way they model the physical interaction processes of electrons and photons. Although those clinical TPS are fast, they show significant discrepancies in the neighbooring of inhomogeneous tissues. My work consisted in validating for clinical electron beams an entropic moments based algorithm called M1. Develelopped in CELIA for warm and dense plasma simulations, M1 relies on the the resolution of the linearized Boltzmann kinetic equation for particles transport according to a moments decomposition. M1 equations system requires a closure based on H-Theorem (entropy maximisation). M1 dose deposition maps of 9 and 20 MeV electron beams simulations were compared to those extracted from reference codes simulations : clinical macro Monte-Carlo (eMC) and full Monte-carlo (GEANT4-MCNPX) codes and from experimental data as well. The different test cases consisted in homogeneous et complex inhomogeneous fantoms with bone and lung inserts. We found that M1 model provided a dose deposition accuracy better than some Pencil Beam Kernel algorithm and close of those furnished by clinical macro and academic full Monte-carlo codes, even in the worst inhomogeneous cases. Time calculation performances were also investigated and found better than the Monte-Carlo codes
Touati, Michaël. "Fast Electron Transport Study for Inertial Confinement Fusion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0076/document.
A new hybrid reduced model for relativistic electron beam transport in solids and dense plasmas is presented. It is based on the two first angular moments of the relativistic kinetic equation completed with the Minerbo maximum angular entropy closure. It takes into account collective effects with the self-generated electromagnetic fields as well as collisional effects with the slowing down of the elec- trons in collisions with plasmons, bound and free electrons and their angular scattering on both ions and electrons. This model allows for fast computations of relativistic electron beam transport while describing the kinetic distribution function evolution. Despite the loss of information concerning the angular distribution of the electron beam, the model reproduces analytical estimates in the academic case of a collimated and monoenergetic electron beam propagating through a warm and dense Hydro- gen plasma and hybrid PIC simulation results in a realistic laser-generated electron beam transport in a solid target. The model is applied to the study of the emission of Kα photons in laser-solid experiments and to the generation of shock waves
Tournerie, Nicolas. "Hétérostructures métal magnétique - barrière tunnel pour l'injection de spin dans les semiconducteurs III-V : étude des propriétés d'interface du système Fe/Al0,48In0,52As(001)." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S084.
Ristoiu, Delia. "Epitaxie de l'alliage d'Heusler demi-métallique NiMnSb : croissance, propriétés de surface et jonctions tunnel homoépitaxiées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10119.