Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport, Dégradation'
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Le, Bouteiller Caroline. "Dégradation des sédiments marneux et suspensions hyperconcentrées." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603000.
Full textHornez, Jean-Pierre. "L'utilisation du glucose et du fructose chez Rhizobium meliloti : dégradation, transport et régulations." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10059.
Full textCarillo, Serge. "Dégradation des facteurs de transcription nucléaires FOS et JUN." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20235.
Full textTaghipoor, Masoomeh. "MODÉLISATION DU TRANSPORT, DE LA DÉGRADATION ET DE L'ABSORPTION DES ALIMENTS DANS L'INTESTIN GRÊLE." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762216.
Full textFayadat, Laurence. "Maturation et transport intracellulaire de la thyropéroxydase humaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20662.pdf.
Full textPirlot, Stephen. "Survivabilité dans les réseaux de transport de vidéo et d’audio sans dégradation de la qualité perçue par l’utilisateur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0082/document.
Full textAudiovisual data traffic presents a great sensitivity to the failures. TDF Company which performs his own network to realize inter alia the National TV transportation wants to avoid failures to bring a high quality service. This is why the Company wants from one side to study by a theatrical approach the network resilience and from another side enhance the deployed solution to absorb the recorded increase of failures in the optical links between the network nodes
Kies, Rabah. "Étude du transport électrique et de la dégradation dans les diélectriques fins des structures MOS et mémoires EEPROM." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0071.
Full textVoyer, Erika. "Expérimentation de méthodes de mitigation de la dégradation du pergélisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26000/26000.pdf.
Full textKail, Fatiha. "Etude in-situ par ellipsométrie et spectrométrie de masse du transport de l'hydrogène dans a-Si:H : Cinétique de diffusion et modifications de structure." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000210.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to ellipsometry and mass spectrometry studies of hydrogen transport in a-Si:H. The aim is to clarify the role of hydrogen in the crystallization of a-Si:H as well as on its degradation under illumination, two subjects of great interest for the optimization of photovoltaic devices. The first part is about the role of hydrogen in the Staebler-Wronski effect. Our results show that hydrogen effuses from the film under illumination due to long range diffusion of hydrogen under light soaking. This induces changes that depend on the structure of the material: i) relaxation and densification in the case of a-Si:H, ii) accumulation of hydrogen on the surface of crystallites in the case of a nanostructured material (pm-Si:H). In the second part of this work, we study effects of exposing of a-Si:H film to hydrogen plasma. In the case of a reactor with clean walls, this leads to the diffusion of hydrogen in the film and its etching. In the case of a-Si:H covered walls, besides the initial diffusion of hydrogen, we also observe the deposition of a µc-Si:H layer by chemical transport, and the crystallization of ~10 nm of the a-Si:H substrate. This crystallization is accompanied by the hydrogen outdiffusion from the film back to plasma. This can be explained by the drift of hydrogen due the electric field generated at the interface of the µc-Si:H/ a-Si:H layer
Lebredonchel, Elodie. "Etude de la fonction de TMEM165 dans la glycosylation golgienne et de sa dégradation induite par le manganèse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S103.
Full textCongenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of rare genetic diseases affecting the process of glycans biosynthesis. In 2012, a new subtype of CDG type II was discovered, TMEM165-CDG, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding TMEM165, a transmembrane protein. This protein is localized in the Golgi apparatus and might be the major Golgi manganese importer. The glycosylation defect observed in TMEM165-CDG results of a lack of manganese in this compartment, that is restored by manganese supplementation. Interestingly, high manganese concentrations lead to the degradation of TMEM165 in the lysosomes.During my PhD, we have identified the amino acids of TMEM165 implied in the function in glycosylation and its manganese sensitivity, essentially the two signature motifs of the UPF0016 family. We also demonstrated the first evidence of a functional link between TMEM165 and SPCA1, a Golgi calcium/manganese pump. The absence of SPCA1 targets TMEM165 to the lysosomes for degradation
Pagny, Sophie. "Caractérisation des mécanismes de rétention et de dégradation des protéines dans le reticulum endoplasmique de la cellule végétale." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES090.
Full textGuarnay, Sébastien. "Étude des mécanismes de dégradation de la mobilité sur les architectures FDSOI pour les noeuds technologiques avancés (<20nm)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112053/document.
Full textTo improve the MOSFET performances, it is necessary to understand the physical phenomena contributing to the apparent mobility of electrons and holes crossing the channel, and limiting the improvement obtained by reducing the channel length. Therefore, a precise study of transport using Monte Carlo simulations was performed. This semi-classical simulation method allows for solving the Boltzmann transport equation, taking into account the quasi-ballistic regime, phonon and Coulomb scattering, surface roughness, as well as the quantum confinement, by randomly generating electrons and their scattering events described by the laws of quantum mechanics.A simple mobility model has been established and validated by the simulations. It is based upon three important parameters: the long channel mobility, the access resistance, and ballistic resistance. This mobility model proved compatible with experimental results, suggesting that the access resistance is determining in the apparent mobility reduction.By the way, the ballistic transport contribution in the mobility was calculated by taking into account the quantum confinement accurately and the distribution functions of the different subbands, allowing for an improvement of Shur’s apparent mobility model, which underestimates (of about 50 Ω.µm) the ballistic resistance. The latter is lower than the access resistance but it could have an incidence on the ultimate devices.Keywords: MOSFET, FDSOI, mobility degradation, analytical model, contact resistance, ballistic, multi-subband Monte Carlo, simulation
Chen, Chen. "Antibiotics in the environment : impact of metal oxides and effect on denitrification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB021.
Full textAntibiotics have become ubiquitous in the environment due to their widespread use in human and veterinary medicine, as well as in agriculture. These compounds can persist in sediments for extended periods, potentially impacting microbial processes and ecosystem functioning. However, the effects of antibiotic pollutants on bacteria may be attenuated by natural minerals, such as manganese oxides. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the effects of antibiotics on denitrification bacteria and processes in river sedimentary ecosystems, with a specific emphasis on the interaction between antibiotics, minerals and bacteria. In the first part, the antibiotic resistance in a non-pathogenic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas veronii was investigated,compared with the effects of several representative antibiotics on denitrifying activity. In the second part, the mechanisms of transformation of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline by a common redox soil mineral, birnessite (MnO2), were first studied, and then the effects of transformation byproducts on both growth and activity on a denitrifying isolate were determined. The third part focused on the transport of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in sediments from the Seine Estuary (France), under nitrate reducing conditions. These findings improve our understanding of the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of antibiotics and their oxidation by-products especially against environmental bacteria, which has important implications for sustainable agriculture, quality management of the sediment, and global biogeochemical cycles
Sidelarbi, Khadidja. "Implication du chaperome de la protéine F508del-CFTR dans son transport intracellulaire et/ou sa dégradation : rôle des lectines EDEMs et la mannosidase du RE." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2286/document.
Full textNumerous genetic diseases are directly associated to the recognition of misfolded proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control, leading to their retention and subsequently their retrotranslocation to the cytosol for degradation. In the case of mutated glycoproteins such as F508del-CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), causing CF pathology, mannose trimming is a key step of this process. Our objective was to identify and characterize molecules targeting ER-mannosidases activity, with the goal to restore F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane.First, we tested multivalent derivatives, based mainly on Deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ), a specific inhibitor of α-mannosidasesI and revealed their better corrective effect on F508del-CFTR and their mechanism of action. Then we explored the mechanism explaining the higher efficiency of the multivalents compared to the monovalent. Finally, we focused on the role of key players of mannose trimming, ER-α1,2-mannosidase I (ERManI) and EDEMs (ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein) proteins on F508del-CFTR trafficking defect. We showed the implication of ERManI, EDEM1 and EDEM2 in F508del-CFTR retention, using a siRNA strategy. In conclusion, our study highlights these proteins as potential pharmacological targets to develop correctors for the F508del-CFTR trafficking defect
Thiebot, Jérôme. "Modélisation numérique des processus gouvernant la formation et la dégradation des massifs vaseux-Application à l'estuaire de la Rance et aux berges de la Sèvre Niortaise." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003598.
Full textZurek, Antoine. "Problèmes à interface mobile pour la dégradation de matériaux et la croissance de biofilms : analyse numérique et modélisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I044/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the numerical and mathematical study of models with free boundaries coming from physics and biology. In the first part, we consider a model which describes the carbonnation phenomena in reinforced concrete. The model involves a system of 1D-parabolic equation of reaction diffusion type defined on a domain with a moving boundary. The motion of this interface is governed by an ordinary differential equation and it increases asymptotically as a square root of t for large times. We first introduce a Finite Volume numerical scheme for the model with implicit/explicit time discretization and we prove its convergence. Next, we build a fully implicit scheme for which we are able to establish the behavior in square root of t of the interface in this discrete setting. In a second part, we study a cross-diffusion system modeling the expansion of some biofilms. We introduce a numerical scheme of Finite Volumes type which preserves the gradient flow structure of the model. We establish the existence of solutions to the scheme and its convergence towards a solution to the original model. Eventually, we consider a toy model derived from a more complete model called DPCM (Diffusion-Poisson-Coupled-Model). The later describes the corrosion of (nuclear waste) containers made of iron and stored in clay soil. Again the model involves a free boundary whose position is part of the unknowns. Using tools from Optimal Transport Theory and Calculus of Variations, we establish the existence of a solution to the model. This is a first step towards the study of DPCM for which no such result is availiable
Zaarour, Nancy. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans le contrôle de qualité de la protéine NKCC2." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066103.
Full textMeite, Fatima. "Transformation et transport des pesticides inorganiques et de synthèse dans les sols de bassins versants agricoles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH003/document.
Full textDespite homologation tests of pesticides and metals, alarming concentrations are measured in the environment. A better knowledge of the transformation processes undergone by these products in agrosystems is needed to predict and limit the pollution. This PhD. thesis allowed to understand the transformation and transport of pesticides and metals in agricultural soils during 200 days and with respect to different hydro-climatic conditions using sequential extraction and isotopic fractionation of pesticides (compound specific isotopic analyses, CSIA) and metals. This work revealed the relevant of soil organic matter on the speciation of pollutants, the relationship between hydro-climatic conditions, the dissipation and the transformation mechanisms of peticides, and how pollutant infiltration is controlled both by rainfall length and frequency. These resuls will improve the transport models of pesticides in agrosystems
Galand, Marina. "Transport des protons dans l'ionosphère aurorale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724355.
Full textMaillard, Elodie. "Transport and degradation of pesticides in wetland systems : a downscaling approach." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019664.
Full textFuentes, Cid Ana. "Etude pluridisciplinaire d’une perturbation industrielle dans l’estuaire de la Gironde : implications du transport et de la dynamique de dégradation des débris végétaux sur le fonctionnement de la source froide du CNPE du Blayais." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0017/document.
Full textUp to now, vegetal fraction dynamics has not been studied in macrotidal estuaries, due to its low quantity in comparison to the strong charge of suspended particulate matter, and due to the lack of appropriate protocols to sample and examine it. Nevertheless, vegetal debris have been identified as a factor able to disrupt a wide range of stakeholder activities that require huge volumes of water to filter. The objective of this PhD was to understand the input and transfer dynamics of vegetal debris in the Gironde Estuary by the implementation of a spatiotemporal btrack of their distribution and by the development of new techniques for this hyper-turbide estuary (in situ litter-bag incubations, biogeochemical characterization, and identification of the sources). Mean results highlight the influence of the hydrological regime in their distribution and reveal time scales of their persistence in the Gironde Estuary
Massot, Capucine. "Analyse des variations de la teneur en vitamine C dans le fruit de tomate et rôle de l'environnement lumineux." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585438.
Full textLalan, Philippines. "Influence d'une température de 70°C sur la géochimie, la microstructure et la diffusion aux interfaces béton/argile : expérimentations en laboratoire, in situ et modélisation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM047/document.
Full textRadioactive wastes in future deep geological disposals will generate heat and locally increase temperature in the engineered barriers and host-rock. In the French design of disposal cells, temperature may reach 70°C in cementitious materials and at their contact with the clayey host-rock. The impact of temperature under such disposal conditions is still poorly known, especially regarding the geochemical and physical evolution at the interface between these two materials.Two experimental devices are designed. The first involves creating interfaces between OPC paste and argillite of Tournemire in diffusion cells. The evolution of solutions and materials are analysed over time. The second device involves creating OPC paste / argillite interfaces at 70°C under in situ conditions in the underground laboratory of Tournemire (France). This device, more representative of a deep disposal, is dismantled after one year. Prior to interface study, behaviour of the OPC paste after a temperature increase from 20 and 70°C was analysed and simulated. Reactive transport modelling supports the experimental results in order to better understand the physico-chemical evolutions at the interface.Neoformation of tobermorite (well-crystallised C-S-H), phillipsite (only in situ), C-A-S-H and calcite formed a layer at the interface. A kinetic of tobermorite precipitation is evaluated. Significant decalcification and carbonation were noticed in the cement paste. Total porosity decreases in the cement paste despite an opening of the macroporosity due to portlandite dissolution. Argillite seems to be weakly altered even if alkaline plume goes deeply through it. Porosity changes do not alter significantly diffusive properties at the studied time scale
Massot, Capucine. "Analyse des variations de la teneur en vitamine C dans le fruit de tomate et rôle de l’environnement lumineux." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0631/document.
Full textFruits and vegetables are the major source of vitamin C in human diet; however, their vitamin C content varies with environmental conditions and agricultural practices. In this work, we successively tested different hypotheses concerning light impact on these variations, using tomato fruit as model. We hypothesized that i) light reaching fruit could have a direct impact on vitamin C metabolism (synthesis, recycling and degradation) or that ii) light reaching leaves could increase the transport of molecules triggering vitamin C accumulation in fruit (sugars, vitamin C…). Our results showed that vitamin C variations with light are complex and depend mostly on light reaching the fruit and to a lesser extent on light reaching leaves,according to fruit developmental stage. The study of vitamin C/sugars relationship in fruit showed that sugars were not determinant in explaining variations in vitamin C. Light impact on vitamin C metabolism were studied, in interaction with temperature, on off-vine fruit ripening. Light increased fruit vitamin C content for temperature lower or equal to 23°C byincreasing transcripts of vitamin C biosynthetic pathway and activity of vitamin C recycling enzyme, particularly at low temperature (12°C). At high temperature (31°C), light did not increase fruit vitamin C content but it decreased DHAR activity and increased threonate content likely produced from vitamin C degradation. The data obtained were used to initiate the building of a model describing vitamin C content during fruit development that will integrate environmental factors in the future
Gansonre, Yassia. "Contribution à la mise en place d'une chaine qualité pour la conception, la réalisation et la gestion des infrastructures routières au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC059.
Full textIn Burkina Faso, landlocked country, agricultural and mining country, mobility is mainly ensured by the road infrastructures which cover nearly 90% of the transport needs. So the policy of the Burkina Faso’s state is relatively to reinforce the existing road network and to disenclose the country, conscious of the strong link between the development of the country and the development of the road network. However, it is possible to note an early degradation of the road network. Which phenomena are recurrent, in particular in the intertropical countries of Africa, and, are sometime related to the environmental factors (traffic, climate and materials) and to the procedures of design, construction and maintenance of roads. The study is consisted in analyzing the complete chain of realization roads since the preliminary draft until maintenance, in order to highlight the dysfunctions and to suggest solutions making it possible to improve them. Thus, the study was based on experimental, analytical and on socio-economic studies which finally made it possible to understand and to implement a QSE chain adapted to the socio-economic context of the country
Calonne, Maryline. "Impact des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur le métabolisme lipidique et le transport du phosphore chez le champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules Rhizophagus irregularis." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0311/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the major persistent organic pollutant frequently found in the polluted soils and are harmful for human health and its environment. To clean-up the PAHs polluted soils, phytoremediation assisted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could represent an innovative, ecological and cost-effective alternative. The use of mycorrhizas, as phytoremediation tool, has several advantages including increased tolerance to the pollutant toxicity, improved water and mineral nutrition as well as a better pollutant dissipation. Few studies have described the impact of PAHs on the AMF development related with lipid peroxidation and total lipid content disturbance. However, so far neither the target action of these pollutants on the metabolism, nor the role of these lipid changes in PAH tolerance and in their dissipation have been studied. Therefore, the present work aims firstly to improve our understanding of the PAHs impact on the CMA lipid metabolism. Thanks to radiolabeling experiments with [1-¹⁴C] acetate, our results showed a disruption of the membrane lipid biosynthesis pathways in the AMF extraradical mycelium, grown in the presence of PAHs. Secondly, it was highlighted that the PAHs affectef the phosphate nutrition. Finally, the mycorrhizas abilities to degrade and to bioaccumulate the benzo[a]pyrene, were pointed out. The involvement of extraradical mycelium storage lipid (triacyglycerols) metabolism in the membrane regeneration, the fight against the PAH induced-oxidative stress and the PAH metabolism/bioaccumulation is discussed
Lalan, Philippines. "Influence d'une température de 70°C sur la géochimie, la microstructure et la diffusion aux interfaces béton/argile : expérimentations en laboratoire, in situ et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM047.
Full textRadioactive wastes in future deep geological disposals will generate heat and locally increase temperature in the engineered barriers and host-rock. In the French design of disposal cells, temperature may reach 70°C in cementitious materials and at their contact with the clayey host-rock. The impact of temperature under such disposal conditions is still poorly known, especially regarding the geochemical and physical evolution at the interface between these two materials.Two experimental devices are designed. The first involves creating interfaces between OPC paste and argillite of Tournemire in diffusion cells. The evolution of solutions and materials are analysed over time. The second device involves creating OPC paste / argillite interfaces at 70°C under in situ conditions in the underground laboratory of Tournemire (France). This device, more representative of a deep disposal, is dismantled after one year. Prior to interface study, behaviour of the OPC paste after a temperature increase from 20 and 70°C was analysed and simulated. Reactive transport modelling supports the experimental results in order to better understand the physico-chemical evolutions at the interface.Neoformation of tobermorite (well-crystallised C-S-H), phillipsite (only in situ), C-A-S-H and calcite formed a layer at the interface. A kinetic of tobermorite precipitation is evaluated. Significant decalcification and carbonation were noticed in the cement paste. Total porosity decreases in the cement paste despite an opening of the macroporosity due to portlandite dissolution. Argillite seems to be weakly altered even if alkaline plume goes deeply through it. Porosity changes do not alter significantly diffusive properties at the studied time scale
Sun, Qi. "Analyse de Performances de Régulateurs de Vitesse Adaptatifs Coopératifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0020/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the performance analysis of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system for intelligent vehicle platoon with the main aims of alleviating traffic congestion and improving traffic safety. At first, the Constant Time Headway (CTH) spacing policy for vehicle platoon is introduced. Based on this spacing policy, a novel decentralized Two-Vehicle-Ahead CACC (TVACACC) system is proposed, in which the desired acceleration of two front vehicles is taken into account. Then the string stability of the proposed system is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that by using the multiple wireless communication among vehicles, a better string stability is obtained compared to the conventional system. Vehicle platoon in Stop-and-Go scenario is simulated with both normal and degraded communication.Secondly, a graceful degradation technique for CACC was presented, as an alternative fallback strategy when wireless communication is lost or badly degraded. The proposed strategy, which is referred to DTVACACC, uses Kalman filter to estimate the preceding vehicle’s current acceleration as a replacement of the desired acceleration. It is shown that the performance is maintained at a much higher level.Finally, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach of CACC system is proposed. The policy-gradient algorithm is introduced to achieve the longitudinal control. Then simulation has shown that this new RL approach results in efficient performance for CACC
Gondim, Manuella Virginia Salgueiro. "Etude du transfert, de l'impact et de la dégradation de l'antibiotique sulfaméthoxazole dans les sols en contexte tropical et tempéré." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU052/document.
Full textThe availability of fresh water in various regions, has been decreasing due to the increasing demand of water resources, the growing demand for food (agriculture and livestock) and the effects of climate change on a global level due to global population growth. Inadequate agricultural practices can lead to pollution of surface and groundwater with pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pollutants, nutrients and sediments, since the main entry of these products into the environment is resulting from their use in human and veterinary medicine. Increased demand in livestock is one of the factors that led to an increased use of antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole, and despite the large amount of sulfamethoxazole that is used both in human medicine and in veterinary medicine, and the risk of contamination of aquifers associated this molecule, its fate in soil is still unclear and poorly documented. Thus, the physico-chemical, biological interactions were studied, the impact associated with bacterial resistance and the transport of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two different soils but have similar particle size characteristics, the soils are of different geographical origins (Recife, Brazil and Macon, France), uses (urban and rural) and climatic conditions (tropical and temperate). The sorption tests were divided into kinetics of sorption isotherm and sorption in function of pH, since sulfamethoxazole is an ionizable molecule. The biodegradation tests were performed at three different concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 M) to evaluate the effect of soil characteristics and concentration of the SMX on biodegradation of SMX molecule. The soils untreated, Macon and Recife, have an equivalent diversity, according to the calculation of the Shannon index (H ') and Simpson index. Assays of miscible displacement in soil columns with KBr and sulfamethoxazole were satisfactory for flow rates 0.2; 0.45 and 0.7 mLmin-1. The concentration of sulfamethoxazole was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification of the mechanisms involved in the transport process and the determination of parameters hidrodispersive soil through the elution curves of KBr and sulfamethoxazole were performed using the CDE model (convection-dispersion) through CXTFIT program. Sorption kinetics was best described with the second-order model and the sorption isotherms were linear. The CDE model adequately represents the experimental data of the elution curves of the sulfamethoxazole. The soil Recife, relative to Macon, had the lowest risk of groundwater contamination existing in this region
A disponibilidade de água doce, em diversas regiões, vem diminuindo em função docrescimento da demanda de recursos hídricos, do crescimento da demanda poralimentos (agricultura e pecuária) e dos efeitos da mudança climática em nível mundialdevido ao crescimento da população mundial. As práticas agrícolas inadequadas podemlevar à poluição das águas superficiais e subterrâneas com pesticidas, fármacos,poluentes, nutrientes e sedimentos. O aumento da demanda na pecuária é um dos fatoresque conduziu a um aumento do uso de antibióticos, como o sulfametoxazol, e apesar dagrande quantidade utilizada tanto na medicina humana como na veterinária, e do riscode contaminação dos aquíferos associados a essa molécula, seu destino no solo aindanão está claro e é pobremente documentado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudaras interações físico-químicas e biológicas, o impacto associado à resistência bacteriana eo transporte do sulfametoxazol (SMX) em dois solos distintos, embora comcaracterísticas granulométricas semelhantes. Os solos são de diferentes origensgeográficas (Recife, Brasil e Macon, França), usos (urbano e agrícola) e condiçõesclimáticas (tropical e temperada). Os ensaios de sorção foram divididos em: cinética,isoterma de sorção e sorção em função do pH, uma vez que o sulfametoxazol é umamolécula ionizável. Os ensaios de biodegradação foram realizados em trêsconcentrações diferentes do sulfametoxazol (10-3, 10-4 e 10-5M) para avaliar o efeito dascaracterísticas dos solos e da concentração do SMX sobre a biodegradação da moléculado SMX. Os solos não tratados Macon e Recife têm uma diversidade equivalente,segundo o cálculo do índice de Shannon (H'), e do índice de Simpson. Os ensaios dedeslocamento miscível em colunas de solo com o KBr e o sulfametoxazol foramsatisfatórios para as vazões de 0,2; 0,45 e 0,7 mL.min-1. A identificação dosmecanismos envolvidos no processo de transporte e a determinação dos parâmetroshidrodispersivos dos solos, através das curvas de eluição do KBr e do sulfametoxazol,foram realizadas utilizando o modelo CDE (convecção-dispersão). A cinética de sorçãofoi melhor descrita com o modelo de segunda ordem e as isotermas de sorção foram nãolineares. O modelo CDE representou adequadamente os dados experimentais das curvasde eluição do sulfametoxazol. O solo Recife, em relação ao Macon, apresentou o menorrisco de contaminação do lençol freático existente nessa região
Malenfant, Lepage Julie. "Experimentation of mitigation techniques to reduce the effects of permafrost degradation on transportation infrastructures at Beaver Creek experimental road site, Alaska Highway, Yukon." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27236.
Full textRoad design and construction techniques developed in southern Canada definitely need to be adapted to northern environment to prevent dramatic permafrost thawing after new road construction. Furthermore, climate warming causes now important soil stability problems in the Canadian far north. All these factors lead to a loss of the functional and structural capacities of the Alaska Highway over a 200-km section mainly from Destruction Bay to the Alaska border. To find long term and cost-effective solutions, Yukon Highways and Public Works (in collaboration with the Alaska University Transportation Center, Transport Canada, le U.S. Federal Highways Administration, l’Université de Montréal and l’Université Laval) constructed 12 instrumented sections on the Alaska Highway near Beaver Creek (Yukon) in 2008. These sections experiment one or several combined methods of thermal stabilization such as convection air embankment, heat drains, snow/sun shed, grass-covered embankment, longitudinal culverts, reflecting surfaces and snow clearing on embankment slopes. The main objectives of this project are 1) to analyze the ground thermal regime and the heat fluxes for each of the 12 sections during their first three years in service; 2) to document all factors which can facilitate or disrupt the efficiency of the protection systems and; 3) to determine the long term costs / benefits ratio for every technique tested. In order to do this, a new method based on the calculation of heat extraction Hx and heat induction Hi index at the interface between the embankment and the natural ground has been used in this study. The permafrost mitigation techniques that showed good potential for cooling by reducing active layer thicknesses were the ACE uncovered, the longitudinal culverts, the snow/sun shed and the light-coloured aggregate BST (although this was only effective along the central part of the highway). Unfortunately, problems in the installation of the heat drain techniques prevented a full assessment of their effectiveness. The durability of the sections as well as their long-term cooling potential must also be assessed to complete the economic analysis provided in this study.
Ousten, Jean-Pierre. "Etude du comportement au vieillissement des interfaces thermiques pour modules électroniques de puissance dédiés à des applications transports." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910948.
Full textForster, Maxime. "Compensation engineering for silicon solar cells." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876318.
Full textForster, Maxime. "Compensation engineering for silicon solar cells." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156020.
Full textSchuhler, Eliot. "Dégradation des matériaux composites sous l'effet d'une flamme : application à la réaction aux feux des composites utilisés pour les transports et l'énergie Behaviour of aeronautical polymer composite to flame: a comparative study of thermoset- and thermoplastic-based laminate." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR27.
Full textCarbone fibers reinforced polymers offer many advantages in terms of weight, fatigue resistance or corrosion in the aerospace industry. However, the use of new materials such as thermosetting matrix composites requires a significant effort of development, testing and validation. In particular in the field of fire resistance. This work focuses on the experimental characterization of fire resistance for different types of composite materials using a flame burner. The first part of the study deals with the characterization of the heat flux during the flame impingement. In a second step, the response to this thermal stress is measured for different composite materials. For both parts of this study, the experimental results are compared to the results obtained from numerical simulations with OpenFoam